1
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Chen LX, Yano J. Deciphering Photoinduced Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms in Natural and Artificial Photosynthetic Systems on Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales Using X-ray Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5421-5469. [PMID: 38663009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of renewable energies for catalytically generating value-added chemicals is highly desirable in this era of rising energy demands and climate change impacts. Artificial photosynthetic systems or photocatalysts utilize light to convert abundant CO2, H2O, and O2 to fuels, such as carbohydrates and hydrogen, thus converting light energy to storable chemical resources. The emergence of intense X-ray pulses from synchrotrons, ultrafast X-ray pulses from X-ray free electron lasers, and table-top laser-driven sources over the past decades opens new frontiers in deciphering photoinduced catalytic reaction mechanisms on the multiple temporal and spatial scales. Operando X-ray spectroscopic methods offer a new set of electronic transitions in probing the oxidation states, coordinating geometry, and spin states of the metal catalytic center and photosensitizers with unprecedented energy and time resolution. Operando X-ray scattering methods enable previously elusive reaction steps to be characterized on different length scales and time scales. The methodological progress and their application examples collected in this review will offer a glimpse into the accomplishments and current state in deciphering reaction mechanisms for both natural and synthetic systems. Looking forward, there are still many challenges and opportunities at the frontier of catalytic research that will require further advancement of the characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin X Chen
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Garratt D, Matthews M, Marangos J. Toward ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of organic photovoltaic devices. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:010901. [PMID: 38250136 PMCID: PMC10799687 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel ultrafast x-ray sources based on high harmonic generation and at x-ray free electron lasers are opening up new opportunities to resolve complex ultrafast processes in condensed phase systems with exceptional temporal resolution and atomic site specificity. In this perspective, we present techniques for resolving charge localization, transfer, and separation processes in organic semiconductors and organic photovoltaic devices with time-resolved soft x-ray spectroscopy. We review recent results in ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of these systems and discuss routes to overcome the technical challenges in performing time-resolved x-ray experiments on photosensitive materials with poor thermal conductivity and low pump intensity thresholds for nonlinear effects.
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3
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Bacellar C, Rouxel JR, Ingle RA, Mancini GF, Kinschel D, Cannelli O, Zhao Y, Cirelli C, Knopp G, Szlachetko J, Lima FA, Menzi S, Ozerov D, Pamfilidis G, Kubicek K, Khakhulin D, Gawelda W, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Biednov M, Bressler C, Arrell CA, Johnson PJM, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Ultrafast Energy Transfer from Photoexcited Tryptophan to the Haem in Cytochrome c. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2425-2432. [PMID: 36862109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report femtosecond Fe K-edge absorption (XAS) and nonresonant X-ray emission (XES) spectra of ferric cytochrome C (Cyt c) upon excitation of the haem (>300 nm) or mixed excitation of the haem and tryptophan (<300 nm). The XAS and XES transients obtained in both excitation energy ranges show no evidence for electron transfer processes between photoexcited tryptophan (Trp) and the haem, but rather an ultrafast energy transfer, in agreement with previous ultrafast optical fluorescence and transient absorption studies. The reported (J. Phys. Chem. B 2011, 115 (46), 13723-13730) decay times of Trp fluorescence in ferrous (∼350 fs) and ferric (∼700 fs) Cyt c are among the shortest ever reported for Trp in a protein. The observed time scales cannot be rationalized in terms of Förster or Dexter energy transfer mechanisms and call for a more thorough theoretical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bacellar
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy R Rouxel
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Graduate School Optics Institute, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Rebecca A Ingle
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia F Mancini
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- 2Laboratory for Ultrafast X-ray and Electron Microscopy, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia PV, Italy
| | - Dominik Kinschel
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliviero Cannelli
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yang Zhao
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cirelli
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Knopp
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Szlachetko
- SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, 30-392 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Samuel Menzi
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Ozerov
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mykola Biednov
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J Milne
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Zoric MR, Chan T, Musgrave CB, Goddard WA, Kubiak CP, Cordones AA. In situ x-ray absorption investigations of a heterogenized molecular catalyst and its interaction with a carbon nanotube support. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:074703. [PMID: 36813711 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly active heterogenized molecular CO2 reduction catalyst on a conductive carbon support is investigated to identify if its improved catalytic activity can be attributed to strong electronic interactions between catalyst and support. The molecular structure and electronic character of a [Re+1(tBu-bpy)(CO)3Cl] (tBu-bpy = 4,4'-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine) catalyst deposited on multiwalled carbon nanotubes are characterized using Re L3-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy under electrochemical conditions and compared to the homogeneous catalyst. The Re oxidation state is characterized from the near-edge absorption region, while structural changes of the catalyst are assessed from the extended x-ray absorption fine structure under reducing conditions. Chloride ligand dissociation and a Re-centered reduction are both observed under applied reducing potential. The results confirm weak coupling of [Re(tBu-bpy)(CO)3Cl] with the support, since the supported catalyst exhibits the same oxidation changes as the homogeneous case. However, these results do not preclude strong interactions between a reduced catalyst intermediate and the support, preliminarily investigated here using quantum mechanical calculations. Thus, our results suggest that complicated linkage schemes and strong electronic interactions with the initial catalyst species are not required to improve the activity of heterogenized molecular catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija R Zoric
- Stanford SUNCAT Institute, Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Charles B Musgrave
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Clifford P Kubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Amy A Cordones
- Stanford SUNCAT Institute, Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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5
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Šrut A, Mai S, Sazanovich IV, Heyda J, Vlček A, González L, Záliš S. Nonadiabatic excited-state dynamics of ReCl(CO) 3(bpy) in two different solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25864-25877. [PMID: 36279148 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02981b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of excited-states relaxation of the complex ReCl(CO)3(bpy) (bpy = 2,2-bipyridine) using a nonadiabatic TD-DFT dynamics on spin-mixed potential energy surfaces in explicit acetonitrile (ACN) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solutions up to 800 fs. ReCl(CO)3(bpy) belongs to a group of important photosensitizers which show ultrafast biexponential subpicosecond fluorescence decay kinetics. The choice of solvents was motivated by the different excited-state relaxation dynamics observed in subpicosecond time-resolved IR (TRIR) experiments. Simulations of intersystem crossing (ISC) showed the development of spin-mixed states in both solvents. Transformation of time-dependent populations of spin-mixed states enabled to monitor the temporal evolution of individual singlet and triplet states, fitting of bi-exponential decay kinetics, and simulating the time-resolved fluorescence spectra that show only minor differences between the two solvents. Analysis of structural relaxation and solvent reorganization employing time-resolved proximal distribution functions pointed to the factors influencing the fluorescence decay time constants. Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of time-evolution of electronic, molecular, and solvent structures emerge as a powerful technique to interpret time-resolved spectroscopic data and ultrafast photochemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Šrut
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Jan Heyda
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
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6
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Turner JJ, George MW, Poliakoff M, Perutz RN. Photochemistry of transition metal carbonyls. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5300-5329. [PMID: 35708003 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00826a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this Tutorial Review is to outline the fundamental photochemistry of metal carbonyls, and to show how the advances in technology have increased our understanding of the detailed mechanisms, particularly how relatively simple experiments can provide deep understanding of complex problems. We recall some important early experiments that demonstrate the key principles underlying current research, concentrating on the binary carbonyls and selected substituted metal carbonyls. At each stage, we illustrate with examples from recent applications. This review first considers the detection of photochemical intermediates in three environments: glasses and matrices; gas phase; solution. It is followed by an examination of the theory underpinning these observations. In the final two sections, we briefly address applications to the characterization and behaviour of complexes with very labile ligands such as N2, H2 and alkanes, concentrating on key mechanistic points, and also describe some principles and examples of photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Turner
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | | | | | - Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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7
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Watson L, Rankine CD, Penfold TJ. Beyond structural insight: a deep neural network for the prediction of Pt L 2/3-edge X-ray absorption spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9156-9167. [PMID: 35393987 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00567k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the L2/3 edge can be used to obtain detailed information about the local electronic and geometric structure of transition metal complexes. By virtue of the dipole selection rules, the transition metal L2/3 edge usually exhibits two distinct spectral regions: (i) the "white line", which is dominated by bound electronic transitions from metal-centred 2p orbitals into unoccupied orbitals with d character; the intensity and shape of this band consequently reflects the d density of states (d-DOS), which is strongly modulated by mixing with ligand orbitals involved in chemical bonding, and (ii) the post-edge, where oscillations encode the local geometric structure around the X-ray absorption site. In this Article, we extend our recently-developed XANESNET deep neural network (DNN) beyond the K-edge to predict X-ray absorption spectra at the Pt L2/3 edge. We demonstrate that XANESNET is able to predict Pt L2/3 -edge X-ray absorption spectra, including both the parts containing electronic and geometric structural information. The performance of our DNN in practical situations is demonstrated by application to two Pt complexes, and by simulating the transient spectrum of a photoexcited dimeric Pt complex. Our discussion includes an analysis of the feature importance in our DNN which demonstrates the role of key features and assists with interpreting the performance of the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Watson
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Conor D Rankine
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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8
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Shimoda Y, Miyata K, Funaki M, Ehara T, Morimoto T, Nozawa S, Adachi SI, Ishitani O, Onda K. Determining Excited-State Structures and Photophysical Properties in Phenylphosphine Rhenium(I) Diimine Biscarbonyl Complexes Using Time-Resolved Infrared and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7773-7784. [PMID: 33971089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have explored the structural factors on the photophysical properties in two rhenium(I) diimine complexes in acetonitrile solution, cis,trans-[Re(dmb)(CO)2(PPh2Et)2]+ (Et(2,2)) and cis,trans-[Re(dmb)(CO)2(PPh3)2]+ ((3,3)) (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, Ph = phenyl, Et = ethyl) using the combination method of time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, time-resolved extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and quantum chemical calculations. The difference between these complexes is the number of phenyl groups in the phosphine ligand, and this only indirectly affects the central Re(I). Despite this minor difference, the complexes exhibit large differences in emission wavelength and excited-state lifetime. Upon photoexcitation, the bond length of Re-P and angle of P-Re-P are significantly changed in both complexes, while the phenyl groups are largely rotated by ∼20° only in (3,3). In contrast, there is little change in charge distribution on the phenyl groups when Re to dmb charge transfer occurs upon photoexcitation. We concluded that the instability from steric effects of phenyl groups and diimine leads to a smaller Stokes shift of the lowest excited triplet state (T1) in (3,3). The large structural change between the ground and excited states causes the longer lifetime of T1 in (3,3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuushi Shimoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masataka Funaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Takumi Ehara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Morimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Sciences, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Sciences, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Collins-Wildman DL, Sullivan KP, Geletii YV, Snider VG, Gordon WO, Balboa A, Tian Y, Slaugenhaupt RM, Kaledin AL, Karwacki CJ, Frenkel AI, Musaev DG, Hill CL. A solvent-free solid catalyst for the selective and color-indicating ambient-air removal of sulfur mustard. Commun Chem 2021; 4:33. [PMID: 36697596 PMCID: PMC9814880 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide or sulfur mustard (HD) is one of the highest-tonnage chemical warfare agents and one that is highly persistent in the environment. For decontamination, selective oxidation of HD to the substantially less toxic sulfoxide is crucial. We report here a solvent-free, solid, robust catalyst comprising hydrophobic salts of tribromide and nitrate, copper(II) nitrate hydrate, and a solid acid (NafionTM) for selective sulfoxidation using only ambient air at room temperature. This system rapidly removes HD as a neat liquid or a vapor. The mechanisms of these aerobic decontamination reactions are complex, and studies confirm reversible formation of a key intermediate, the bromosulfonium ion, and the role of Cu(II). The latter increases the rate four-fold by increasing the equilibrium concentration of bromosulfonium during turnover. Cu(II) also provides a colorimetric detection capability. Without HD, the solid is green, and with HD, it is brown. Bromine K-edge XANES and EXAFS studies confirm regeneration of tribromide under catalytic conditions. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy shows absorption of HD vapor and selective conversion to the desired sulfoxide, HDO, at the gas-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin P. Sullivan
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Yurii V. Geletii
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Victoria G. Snider
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Wesley O. Gordon
- grid.420176.6U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA
| | - Alex Balboa
- grid.420176.6U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA
| | - Yiyao Tian
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Rachel M. Slaugenhaupt
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Alexey L. Kaledin
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Christopher J. Karwacki
- grid.420176.6U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA ,grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Craig L. Hill
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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10
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Morzan UN, Videla PE, Soley MB, Nibbering ETJ, Batista VS. Vibronic Dynamics of Photodissociating ICN from Simulations of Ultrafast X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uriel N. Morzan
- Condensed Matter Section The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera 11 34151 Trieste Italy
- Department of Chemistry Yale University P.O. Box 208107 New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
| | - Pablo E. Videla
- Department of Chemistry Yale University P.O. Box 208107 New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
- Energy Sciences Institute Yale University P.O. Box 27394 West Haven CT 06516-7394 USA
| | - Micheline B. Soley
- Department of Chemistry Yale University P.O. Box 208107 New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Yale Quantum Institute Yale University P.O. Box 208334 New Haven CT 06520-8263 USA
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy Max Born Strasse 2A 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry Yale University P.O. Box 208107 New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
- Energy Sciences Institute Yale University P.O. Box 27394 West Haven CT 06516-7394 USA
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11
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Morzan UN, Videla PE, Soley MB, Nibbering ETJ, Batista VS. Vibronic Dynamics of Photodissociating ICN from Simulations of Ultrafast X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20044-20048. [PMID: 32691867 PMCID: PMC7693200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast UV-pump/soft-X-ray-probe spectroscopy is a subject of great interest since it can provide detailed information about dynamical photochemical processes with ultrafast resolution and atomic specificity. Here, we focus on the photodissociation of ICN in the 1 Π1 excited state, with emphasis on the transient response in the soft-X-ray spectral region as described by the ab initio spectral lineshape averaged over the nuclear wavepacket probability density. We find that the carbon K-edge spectral region reveals a rich transient response that provides direct insights into the dynamics of frontier orbitals during the I-CN bond cleavage process. The simulated UV-pump/soft-X-ray-probe spectra exhibit detailed dynamical information, including a time-domain signature for coherent vibration associated with the photogenerated CN fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel N. Morzan
- Condensed Matter SectionThe Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical PhysicsStrada Costiera 1134151TriesteItaly
- Department of ChemistryYale UniversityP.O. Box 208107New HavenCT06520-8107USA
| | - Pablo E. Videla
- Department of ChemistryYale UniversityP.O. Box 208107New HavenCT06520-8107USA
- Energy Sciences InstituteYale UniversityP.O. Box 27394West HavenCT06516-7394USA
| | - Micheline B. Soley
- Department of ChemistryYale UniversityP.O. Box 208107New HavenCT06520-8107USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard University12 Oxford StreetCambridgeMA02138USA
- Yale Quantum InstituteYale UniversityP.O. Box 208334New HavenCT06520-8263USA
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse SpectroscopyMax Born Strasse 2A12489BerlinGermany
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of ChemistryYale UniversityP.O. Box 208107New HavenCT06520-8107USA
- Energy Sciences InstituteYale UniversityP.O. Box 27394West HavenCT06516-7394USA
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12
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Cytotoxicity, cellular localization and photophysical properties of Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes bound to cysteine and its derivatives. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:759-776. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Pižl M, Picchiotti A, Rebarz M, Lenngren N, Yingliang L, Záliš S, Kloz M, Vlček A. Time-Resolved Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectra and DFT Anharmonic Vibrational Analysis of an Electronically Excited Rhenium Photosensitizer. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1253-1265. [PMID: 31971382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved femtosecond stimulated Raman spectra (FSRS) of a prototypical organometallic photosensitizer/photocatalyst ReCl(CO)3(2,2'-bipyridine) were measured in a broad spectral range ∼40-2000 (4000) cm-1 at time delays from 40 fs to 4 ns after 400 nm excitation of the lowest allowed electronic transition. Theoretical ground- and excited-state Raman spectra were obtained by anharmonic vibrational analysis using second-order vibrational perturbation theory on vibrations calculated by harmonic approximation at density functional theory-optimized structures. A good match with anharmonically calculated vibrational frequencies allowed for assigning experimental Raman features to particular vibrations. Observed frequency shifts upon excitation (ν(ReCl) and ν(CC inter-ring) vibrations upward; ν(CC, CN) and ν(Re-C) downward) are consistent with the bonding/antibonding characters of the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital involved in excitation and support the delocalized formulation of the lowest triplet state as ReCl(CO)3 → bpy charge transfer. FSRS spectra show a mode-specific temporal evolution, providing insights into the intersystem crossing (ISC) mechanism and subsequent relaxation. Most of the Raman features are present at ∼40 fs and exhibit small shifts and intensity changes with time. The 1450-1600 cm-1 group of bands due to CC, CN, and CC(inter-ring) stretching vibrations undergoes extensive restructuring between 40 and ∼150 fs, followed by frequency upshifts and a biexponential (0.38, 21 ps) area growth, indicating progressing charge separation in the course of the formation and relaxation of the lowest triplet state. Early (40-150 fs) restructuring was also observed in the low-frequency range for ν(Re-Cl) and δ(Re-C-O) vibrations that are presumably activated by ISC. FSRS experimental innovations employed to measure low- and high-energy Raman features simultaneously are described and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pižl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague , Technická 5 , CZ-166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Alessandra Picchiotti
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2 , 182 00 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Mateusz Rebarz
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2 , 182 00 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Nils Lenngren
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2 , 182 00 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Liu Yingliang
- Institute of Biotechnology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Průmyslová 595 , 252 50 Vestec , Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2 , 182 00 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , U.K
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14
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Henke WC, Otolski CJ, Moore WNG, Elles CG, Blakemore JD. Ultrafast Spectroscopy of [Mn(CO) 3] Complexes: Tuning the Kinetics of Light-Driven CO Release and Solvent Binding. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2178-2187. [PMID: 31990533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese tricarbonyl complexes are promising catalysts for CO2 reduction, but complexes in this family are often photosensitive and decompose rapidly upon exposure to visible light. In this report, synthetic and photochemical studies probe the initial steps of light-driven speciation for Mn(CO)3(Rbpy)Br complexes bearing a range of 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands (Rbpy, where R = tBu, H, CF3, NO2). Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements for Mn(CO)3(Rbpy)Br coordination compounds with R = tBu, H, and CF3 in acetonitrile reveal ultrafast loss of a CO ligand on the femtosecond time scale, followed by solvent coordination on the picosecond time scale. The Mn(CO)3(NO2bpy)Br complex is unique among the four compounds in having a longer-lived excited state that does not undergo CO release or subsequent solvent coordination. The kinetics of photolysis and solvent coordination for light-sensitive complexes depend on the electronic properties of the disubstituted bipyridyl ligand. The results indicate that both metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and dissociative ligand-field (d-d) excited states play a role in the ultrafast photochemistry. Taken together, the findings suggest that more robust catalysts could be prepared with appropriately designed complexes that avoid crossing between the excited states that drive photochemical CO loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade C Henke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - Christopher J Otolski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - William N G Moore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - James D Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
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15
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Świtlicka A, Choroba K, Szlapa-Kula A, Machura B, Erfurt K. Experimental and theoretical insights into spectroscopy and electrochemistry of Re(I) carbonyl with oxazoline-based ligand. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Katayama T, Northey T, Gawelda W, Milne CJ, Vankó G, Lima FA, Bohinc R, Németh Z, Nozawa S, Sato T, Khakhulin D, Szlachetko J, Togashi T, Owada S, Adachi SI, Bressler C, Yabashi M, Penfold TJ. Tracking multiple components of a nuclear wavepacket in photoexcited Cu(I)-phenanthroline complex using ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3606. [PMID: 31399565 PMCID: PMC6689108 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Disentangling the strong interplay between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom is essential to achieve a full understanding of excited state processes during ultrafast nonadiabatic chemical reactions. However, the complexity of multi-dimensional potential energy surfaces means that this remains challenging. The energy flow during vibrational and electronic relaxation processes can be explored with structural sensitivity by probing a nuclear wavepacket using femtosecond time-resolved X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (TR-XANES). However, it remains unknown to what level of detail vibrational motions are observable in this X-ray technique. Herein we track the wavepacket dynamics of a prototypical [Cu(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)2]+ complex using TR-XANES. We demonstrate that sensitivity to individual wavepacket components can be modulated by the probe energy and that the bond length change associated with molecular breathing mode can be tracked with a sub-Angstrom resolution beyond optical-domain observables. Importantly, our results reveal how state-of-the-art TR-XANES provides deeper insights of ultrafast nonadiabatic chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan. .,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.
| | - Thomas Northey
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Rok Bohinc
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.,Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tokushi Sato
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jakub Szlachetko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shigeki Owada
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.,Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Christian Bressler
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, University of Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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17
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Abstract
After presenting the basic theoretical models of excitation energy transfer and charge transfer, I describe some of the novel experimental methods used to probe them. Finally, I discuss recent results concerning ultrafast energy and charge transfer in biological systems, in chemical systems and in photovoltaics based on sensitized transition metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC, Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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18
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Yang S, Hu W, Zhang X, He P, Pattengale B, Liu C, Cendejas M, Hermans I, Zhang X, Zhang J, Huang J. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Intrinsic Photocatalysts for Visible Light-Driven CO2 Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14614-14618. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sizhuo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Peilei He
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Brian Pattengale
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
| | - Melissa Cendejas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ive Hermans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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19
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Multiscale wavelet decomposition of time-resolved X-ray diffraction signals in cyclohexadiene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10269-10274. [PMID: 30254170 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811983115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate how the wavelet transform, which is a powerful tool for compression, filtering, and scaling analysis of signals, may be used to separate large- and short-scale electron density features in X-ray diffraction patterns. Wavelets can isolate the electron density associated with delocalized bonds from the much stronger background of highly localized core electrons. The wavelet-processed signals clearly reveal the bond formation and breaking in the early steps of the photoinduced pericyclic ring opening reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene, which are not resolved in the bare signal.
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20
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Klemens T, Świtlicka A, Szlapa-Kula A, Krompiec S, Lodowski P, Chrobok A, Godlewska M, Kotowicz S, Siwy M, Bednarczyk K, Libera M, Maćkowski S, Pędziński T, Schab-Balcerzak E, Machura B. Experimental and computational exploration of photophysical and electroluminescent properties of modified 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine and 2,6-di(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine ligands and their Re(I) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Klemens
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Anna Świtlicka
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Agata Szlapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Stanisław Krompiec
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Piotr Lodowski
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Anna Chrobok
- Faculty of Chemistry; Silesian University of Technology; 9 Strzody Str. 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Magdalena Godlewska
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52, PO Box 58 01-224 Warszawa Poland
| | - Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials; Polish Academy of Sciences; 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 41-819 Zabrze Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bednarczyk
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Marcin Libera
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University; 5 Grudziądzka Str. 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Tomasz Pędziński
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; 89b Umultowska 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials; Polish Academy of Sciences; 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 41-819 Zabrze Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
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21
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Fumanal M, Gindensperger E, Daniel C. Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing vs Internal Conversion in α-Diimine Transition Metal Complexes: Quantum Evidence. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5189-5195. [PMID: 30145893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Whereas third row transition metal carbonyl α-diimine complexes display luminescent properties and possess low-lying triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states efficiently accessible by a spin-vibronic mechanism, first row analogues hold low-lying metal-centered (MC) excited states that could quench these properties. Upon visible irradiation, different functions are potentially stimulated, namely, luminescence, electron transfer, or photoinduced CO release, the branching ratio of which is governed by the energetics, the character, and the early time dynamics of the photoactive excited states. Simulations of ultrafast nonadiabatic quantum dynamics, including spin-vibronic effects, of [M(imidazole)(CO)3(phenanthroline)]+ (M = Mn, Re) highlight the role of the metal atom. An ultrafast intersystem crossing process, driven by spin-orbit coupling, populates the low-lying triplet states of [Re(imidazole)(CO)3(phen)]+ within the first tens of fs. In contrast, efficient internal conversion between the two lowest 1MLCT states of [Mn(imidazole)(CO)3(phen)]+ is mediated within 50 fs by vibronic coupling with upper MC and MLCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fumanal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg , UMR7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg , 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP296/R8 , F-67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg , UMR7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg , 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP296/R8 , F-67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg , UMR7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg , 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP296/R8 , F-67008 Strasbourg , France
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22
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Smolentsev G, van Vliet KM, Azzaroli N, van Bokhoven JA, Brouwer AM, de Bruin B, Nachtegaal M, Tromp M. Pump-probe XAS investigation of the triplet state of an Ir photosensitizer with chromenopyridinone ligands. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:896-902. [PMID: 29855026 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The triplet excited state of a new Ir-based photosensitizer with two chromenopyridinone and one bipyridine-based ligands has been studied by pump-probe X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy coupled with DFT calculations. The excited state has a lifetime of 0.5 μs in acetonitrile and is characterized by very small changes of the local atomic structure with an average metal-ligand bond length change of less than 0.01 Å. DFT-based calculations allow the interpretation of the XANES in the energy range of ∼50 eV around the absorption edge. The observed transient XANES signal arises from an additional metal-centered Ir 5d vacancy in the excited state which appears as a result of electron transfer from the metal to the ligand. The overall energy shift of the excited state spectrum originates from the shift of 2p and unoccupied states induced by screening effects. The approach for the analysis of time-resolved spectra of 5d metal complexes is quite general and can also be used if excited and ground state structures are significantly different.
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23
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Mai S, Plasser F, Dorn J, Fumanal M, Daniel C, González L. Quantitative wave function analysis for excited states of transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Penfold TJ, Gindensperger E, Daniel C, Marian CM. Spin-Vibronic Mechanism for Intersystem Crossing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6975-7025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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25
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Abela R, Beaud P, van Bokhoven JA, Chergui M, Feurer T, Haase J, Ingold G, Johnson SL, Knopp G, Lemke H, Milne CJ, Pedrini B, Radi P, Schertler G, Standfuss J, Staub U, Patthey L. Perspective: Opportunities for ultrafast science at SwissFEL. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061602. [PMID: 29376109 PMCID: PMC5758366 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the main specifications of the newly constructed Swiss Free Electron Laser, SwissFEL, and explore its potential impact on ultrafast science. In light of recent achievements at current X-ray free electron lasers, we discuss the potential territory for new scientific breakthroughs offered by SwissFEL in Chemistry, Biology, and Materials Science, as well as nonlinear X-ray science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Abela
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Paul Beaud
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, and Department of Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-FSB, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Feurer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Haase
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, and Department of Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Ingold
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Steven L Johnson
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Knopp
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Lemke
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Chris J Milne
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Bill Pedrini
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Peter Radi
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Standfuss
- Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Urs Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Luc Patthey
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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26
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Bircher MP, Liberatore E, Browning NJ, Brickel S, Hofmann C, Patoz A, Unke OT, Zimmermann T, Chergui M, Hamm P, Keller U, Meuwly M, Woerner HJ, Vaníček J, Rothlisberger U. Nonadiabatic effects in electronic and nuclear dynamics. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061510. [PMID: 29376108 PMCID: PMC5760266 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to their very nature, ultrafast phenomena are often accompanied by the occurrence of nonadiabatic effects. From a theoretical perspective, the treatment of nonadiabatic processes makes it necessary to go beyond the (quasi) static picture provided by the time-independent Schrödinger equation within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and to find ways to tackle instead the full time-dependent electronic and nuclear quantum problem. In this review, we give an overview of different nonadiabatic processes that manifest themselves in electronic and nuclear dynamics ranging from the nonadiabatic phenomena taking place during tunnel ionization of atoms in strong laser fields to the radiationless relaxation through conical intersections and the nonadiabatic coupling of vibrational modes and discuss the computational approaches that have been developed to describe such phenomena. These methods range from the full solution of the combined nuclear-electronic quantum problem to a hierarchy of semiclassical approaches and even purely classical frameworks. The power of these simulation tools is illustrated by representative applications and the direct confrontation with experimental measurements performed in the National Centre of Competence for Molecular Ultrafast Science and Technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Bircher
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Liberatore
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J Browning
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Brickel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Aurélien Patoz
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver T Unke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomáš Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Keller
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jakob Woerner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Vaníček
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Wörner HJ, Arrell CA, Banerji N, Cannizzo A, Chergui M, Das AK, Hamm P, Keller U, Kraus PM, Liberatore E, Lopez-Tarifa P, Lucchini M, Meuwly M, Milne C, Moser JE, Rothlisberger U, Smolentsev G, Teuscher J, van Bokhoven JA, Wenger O. Charge migration and charge transfer in molecular systems. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061508. [PMID: 29333473 PMCID: PMC5745195 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of charge at the molecular level plays a fundamental role in many areas of chemistry, physics, biology and materials science. Today, more than 60 years after the seminal work of R. A. Marcus, charge transfer is still a very active field of research. An important recent impetus comes from the ability to resolve ever faster temporal events, down to the attosecond time scale. Such a high temporal resolution now offers the possibility to unravel the most elementary quantum dynamics of both electrons and nuclei that participate in the complex process of charge transfer. This review covers recent research that addresses the following questions. Can we reconstruct the migration of charge across a molecule on the atomic length and electronic time scales? Can we use strong laser fields to control charge migration? Can we temporally resolve and understand intramolecular charge transfer in dissociative ionization of small molecules, in transition-metal complexes and in conjugated polymers? Can we tailor molecular systems towards specific charge-transfer processes? What are the time scales of the elementary steps of charge transfer in liquids and nanoparticles? Important new insights into each of these topics, obtained from state-of-the-art ultrafast spectroscopy and/or theoretical methods, are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A Arrell
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cannizzo
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Akshaya K Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Keller
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisa Liberatore
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Lopez-Tarifa
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Milne
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jacques-E Moser
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Joël Teuscher
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Chergui M, Collet E. Photoinduced Structural Dynamics of Molecular Systems Mapped by Time-Resolved X-ray Methods. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11025-11065. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for
Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Faculté des Sciences de Base, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Eric Collet
- Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, UBL, Rennes F-35042, France
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29
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Chergui M. Time-resolved X-ray spectroscopies of chemical systems: New perspectives. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:031001. [PMID: 27376102 PMCID: PMC4902826 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The past 3-5 years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of time-resolved X-ray spectroscopic studies, mainly driven by novel technical and methodological developments. The latter include (i) the high repetition rate optical pump/X-ray probe studies, which have greatly boosted the signal-to-noise ratio for picosecond (ps) X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies, while enabling ps X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) at synchrotrons; (ii) the X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) are a game changer and have allowed the first femtosecond (fs) XES and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments to be carried out; (iii) XFELs are also opening the road to the development of non-linear X-ray methods. In this perspective, I will mainly focus on the most recent technical developments and briefly address some examples of scientific questions that have been addressed thanks to them. I will look at the novel opportunities in the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , ISIC-FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Zhou X, Micheroni D, Lin Z, Poon C, Li Z, Lin W. Graphene-Immobilized fac-Re(bipy)(CO)3Cl for Syngas Generation from Carbon Dioxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4192-4198. [PMID: 26799656 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of fac-M(4-amino-bipy)(CO)3X (M = Mn and X = Br or M = Re and X = Cl, with bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine), their immobilization on graphene oxide (GrO) via diazonium grafting, and the use of Re-functionalized GrO for electrocatalytic syngas production. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, and electrocatalysis indicated successful grafting of the Re catalyst onto GrO. Re-functionalized GrO was then deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for CO2 reduction. Investigation of the Re-functionalized GCE for syngas production was performed in a CO2-saturated acetonitrile solution with 3.1 M H2O as the proton source and 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) as the supporting electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), controlled potential electrolysis (CPE), and gas chromatography (GC) were employed to determine its CO2-to-CO conversion performance. The Re catalyst shows a turnover frequency (TOF) for generating CO up to 4.44 s(-1) with a CO/H2 ratio of 7:5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel Micheroni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zekai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Christopher Poon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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31
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Ding L, Chung LW, Morokuma K. Excited-State Proton Transfer Controls Irreversibility of Photoisomerization in Mononuclear Ruthenium(II) Monoaquo Complexes: A DFT Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:668-75. [PMID: 26580044 DOI: 10.1021/ct400982r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The detailed DFT investigation clears the working mechanism of the irreversible photoisomerization of trans-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)(OH2)](2+) (TA) and cis-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)(OH2)](2+) (CA) complexes. Both TA and CA complexes present two types of low lying triplet states, one resulting from a triplet metal-ligand charge-transfer (TMLCT) and the other from a triplet metal-centered d-d transition (TMC). The vertical excitation of the singlet ground state of the complexes leads to a singlet excited state, which undergoes ultrafast decay to the corresponding TMLCT. For TA, this TMLCT transforms with a low barrier to a TMC state. The dissociative nature of the TMC state leads to easy water removal to produce a five-coordinate intermediate that can isomerize via rotation of a pynp ligand and proceed towards the CA product. For CA, however, during this excitation and intersystem crossing process, an excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) occurs and the resultant TMLCT is very much stabilized with a very strong Ru(II)-OH bond; the high barrier from this TMLCT blocks conversion to a TMC state and thus prevents isomerization from the cis to the trans isomer. This high barrier also prevents the possibility of the isomerization process from TA to CA solely on the adiabatic triplet pathway. Instead, crossing points (XMC-CB, XMC-CA) near the minimum of the triplet metal-centered state of the cis isomer provide nonadiabatic decay channels to the ground-state S0--CA, which completes the photoisomerization pathway from TA to CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ding
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University , 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University , 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University , 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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32
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Zarkadoulas A, Koutsouri E, Kefalidi C, Mitsopoulou CA. Rhenium complexes in homogeneous hydrogen evolution. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Liang W, Church TL, Zheng S, Zhou C, Haynes BS, D'Alessandro DM. Site Isolation Leads to Stable Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 over a Rhenium-Based Catalyst. Chemistry 2015; 21:18576-9. [PMID: 26538203 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A porous organic polymer incorporating [(α-diimine)Re(CO)3Cl] moieties was produced and tested in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, with NEt3 as a sacrificial donor. The catalyst generated both H2 and CO, although the Re moiety was not required for H2 generation. After an induction period, the Re-containing porous organic polymer produced CO at a stable rate, unless soluble [(bpy)Re(CO)3Cl] (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) was added. This provides the strongest evidence to date that [(α-diimine)Re(CO)3Cl] catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction decompose through a bimetallic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Liang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia)
| | - Tamara L Church
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia).,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia)
| | - Sisi Zheng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia)
| | - Chenlai Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia)
| | - Brian S Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia)
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34
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Wen M, Mori K, Kuwahara Y, Yamashita H. Visible-Light-Responsive Carbon Dioxide Reduction System: Rhenium Complex Intercalated into a Zirconium Phosphate Layered Matrix. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meicheng Wen
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kohsuke Mori
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts Batteries ESICB; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kuwahara
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts Batteries ESICB; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamashita
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts Batteries ESICB; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
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35
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Capano G, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I, Penfold TJ. Theoretical Rationalization of the Emission Properties of Prototypical Cu(I)–Phenanthroline Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7026-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Capano
- École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de spectroscopie
ultrarapide, ISIC, FSB Station
6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de chimie et
biochimie computationnelles, ISIC, FSB-BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - U. Rothlisberger
- École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de chimie et
biochimie computationnelles, ISIC, FSB-BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I. Tavernelli
- École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de chimie et
biochimie computationnelles, ISIC, FSB-BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T. J. Penfold
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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36
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Kiefer LM, King JT, Kubarych KJ. Dynamics of rhenium photocatalysts revealed through ultrafast multidimensional spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1123-30. [PMID: 25839193 DOI: 10.1021/ar500402r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium catalysts have shown promise to promote carbon neutrality by reducing a prominent greenhouse gas, CO2, to CO and other starting materials. Much research has focused on identifying intermediates in the photocatalysis mechanism as well as time scales of relevant ultrafast processes. Recent studies have implemented multidimensional spectroscopies to characterize the catalyst's ultrafast dynamics as it undergoes the many steps of its photocycle. Two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy is a powerful method to obtain molecular structure information while extracting time scales of dynamical processes with ultrafast resolution. Many observables result from 2D-IR experiments including vibrational lifetimes, intramolecular redistribution time scales, and, unique to 2D-IR, spectral diffusion, which is highly sensitive to solute-solvent interactions and motional dynamics. Spectral diffusion, a measure of how long a vibrational mode takes to sample its frequency space due to multiple solvent configurations, has various contributing factors. Properties of the solvent, the solute's structural flexibility, and electronic properties, as well as interactions between the solvent and solute, complicate identifying the origin of the spectral diffusion. With carefully chosen experiments, however, the source of the spectral diffusion can be unveiled. Within the context of a considerable body of previous work, here we discuss the spectral diffusion of several rhenium catalysts at multiple stages in the catalysis. These studies were performed in multiple polar liquids to aid in discovering the contributions of the solvent. We also performed electronic ground state 2D-IR and electronic excited state transient-2D-IR experiments to observe how spectral diffusion changes upon electronic excitation. Our results indicate that with the original Lehn catalyst in THF, relative to the ground state, the spectral diffusion slows by a factor of 3 in the equilibrated triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer state. We attribute this slowdown to a decrease in dielectric friction as well as an increase in molecular flexibility. It is possible to partially simulate the charge transfer by altering the electron density moderately by adding electron donating or withdrawing substituents symmetrically to the bipyridine ligand. We find that unlike the significant electronic structure change induced by MLCT, such small substituent effects do not influence the spectral diffusion. A solvent study in THF, DMSO, and CH3CN found there to be an explicit solvent dependence that we can correlate to the solvent donicity, which is a measure of its nucleophilicity. Future studies focused on the solvent effects on spectral diffusion in the crucial photoinitiated state can illuminate the role the solvent plays in the catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University
Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John T. King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University
Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kevin J. Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University
Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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37
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Eng J, Gourlaouen C, Gindensperger E, Daniel C. Spin-vibronic quantum dynamics for ultrafast excited-state processes. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:809-17. [PMID: 25647179 DOI: 10.1021/ar500369r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) processes coupled to nuclear relaxation and solvation dynamics play a central role in the photophysics and photochemistry of a wide range of transition metal complexes. These phenomena occurring within a few hundred femtoseconds are investigated experimentally by ultrafast picosecond and femtosecond transient absorption or luminescence spectroscopies, and optical laser pump-X-ray probe techniques using picosecond and femtosecond X-ray pulses. The interpretation of ultrafast structural changes, time-resolved spectra, quantum yields, and time scales of elementary processes or transient lifetimes needs robust theoretical tools combining state-of-the-art quantum chemistry and developments in quantum dynamics for solving the electronic and nuclear problems. Multimode molecular dynamics beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation has been successfully applied to many small polyatomic systems. Its application to large molecules containing a transition metal atom is still a challenge because of the nuclear dimensionality of the problem, the high density of electronic excited states, and the spin-orbit coupling effects. Rhenium(I) α-diimine carbonyl complexes, [Re(L)(CO)3(N,N)](n+) are thermally and photochemically robust and highly flexible synthetically. Structural variations of the N,N and L ligands affect the spectroscopy, the photophysics, and the photochemistry of these chromophores easily incorporated into a complex environment. Visible light absorption opens the route to a wide range of applications such as sensors, probes, or emissive labels for imaging biomolecules. Halide complexes [Re(X)(CO)3(bpy)] (X = Cl, Br, or I; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) exhibit complex electronic structure and large spin-orbit effects that do not correlate with the heavy atom effects. Indeed, the (1)MLCT → (3)MLCT intersystem crossing (ISC) kinetics is slower than in [Ru(bpy)3](2+) or [Fe(bpy)3](2+) despite the presence of a third-row transition metal. Counterintuitively, singlet excited-state lifetime increases on going from Cl (85 fs) to Br (128 fs) and to I (152 fs). Moreover, correlation between the Re-X stretching mode and the rate of ISC is observed. In this Account, we emphasize on the role of spin-vibronic coupling on the mechanism of ultrafast ISC put in evidence in [Re(Br)(CO)3(bpy)]. For this purpose, we have developed a model Hamiltonian for solving an 11 electronic excited states multimode problem including vibronic and SO coupling within the linear vibronic coupling (LVC) approximation and the assumption of harmonic potentials. The presence of a central metal atom coupled to rigid ligands, such as α-diimine, ensures nuclear motion of small amplitudes and a priori justifies the use of the LVC model. The simulation of the ultrafast dynamics by wavepacket propagations using the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method is based on density functional theory (DFT), and its time-dependent extension to excited states (TD-DFT) electronic structure data. We believe that the interplay between time-resolved experiments and these pioneering simulations covering the first picoseconds and including spin-vibronic coupling will promote a number of quantum dynamical studies that will contribute to a better understanding of ultrafast processes in a wide range of organic and inorganic chromophores easily incorporated in biosystems or supramolecular devices for specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Eng
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, Université de Strasbourg−CNRS, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, Université de Strasbourg−CNRS, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, Université de Strasbourg−CNRS, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique,
Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, Université de Strasbourg−CNRS, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
The properties of transition metal complexes are interesting not only for their potential applications in solar energy conversion, OLEDs, molecular electronics, biology, photochemistry, etc. but also for their fascinating photophysical properties that call for a rethinking of fundamental concepts. With the advent of ultrafast spectroscopy over 25 years ago and, more particularly, with improvements in the past 10-15 years, a new area of study was opened that has led to insightful observations of the intramolecular relaxation processes such as internal conversion (IC), intersystem crossing (ISC), and intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR). Indeed, ultrafast optical spectroscopic tools, such as fluorescence up-conversion, show that in many cases, intramolecular relaxation processes can be extremely fast and even shorter than time scales of vibrations. In addition, more and more examples are appearing showing that ultrafast ISC rates do not scale with the magnitude of the metal spin-orbit coupling constant, that is, that there is no heavy-atom effect on ultrafast time scales. It appears that the structural dynamics of the system and the density of states play a crucial role therein. While optical spectroscopy delivers an insightful picture of electronic relaxation processes involving valence orbitals, the photophysics of metal complexes involves excitations that may be centered on the metal (called metal-centered or MC) or the ligand (called ligand-centered or LC) or involve a transition from one to the other or vice versa (called MLCT or LMCT). These excitations call for an element-specific probe of the photophysics, which is achieved by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In this case, transitions from core orbitals to valence orbitals or higher allow probing the electronic structure changes induced by the optical excitation of the valence orbitals, while also delivering information about the geometrical rearrangement of the neighbor atoms around the atom of interest. With the emergence of new instruments such as X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), it is now possible to perform ultrafast laser pump/X-ray emission probe experiments. In this case, one probes the density of occupied states. These core-level spectroscopies and other emerging ones, such as photoelectron spectroscopy of solutions, are delivering a hitherto unseen degree of detail into the photophysics of metal-based molecular complexes. In this Account, we will give examples of applications of the various methods listed above to address specific photophysical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Ultrarapide, ISIC, Faculté des Sciences de Base, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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39
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Kiefer LM, Kubarych KJ. Solvent-Dependent Dynamics of a Series of Rhenium Photoactivated Catalysts Measured with Ultrafast 2DIR. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:959-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511686p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University
Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kevin J. Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University
Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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40
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Photochemical reactions of fac-rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes and their application for synthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kiefer LM, King JT, Kubarych KJ. Equilibrium Excited State Dynamics of a Photoactivated Catalyst Measured with Ultrafast Transient 2DIR. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9853-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508974w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John T. King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kevin J. Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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42
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Hatcher LE, Raithby PR. Dynamic single-crystal diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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44
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Lima FA, Penfold TJ, van der Veen RM, Reinhard M, Abela R, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Benfatto M, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Probing the electronic and geometric structure of ferric and ferrous myoglobins in physiological solutions by Fe K-edge absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1617-31. [PMID: 24317683 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an iron K-edge X-ray absorption study of carboxymyoglobin (MbCO), nitrosylmyoglobin (MbNO), oxymyoglobin (MbO2), cyanomyoglobin (MbCN), aquomet myoglobin (metMb) and unligated myoglobin (deoxyMb) in physiological media. The analysis of the XANES region is performed using the full-multiple scattering formalism, implemented within the MXAN package. This reveals trends within the heme structure, absent from previous crystallographic and X-ray absorption analysis. In particular, the iron-nitrogen bond lengths in the porphyrin ring converge to a common value of about 2 Å, except for deoxyMb whose bigger value is due to the doming of the heme. The trends of the Fe-Nε (His93) bond length is found to be consistent with the effect of ligand binding to the iron, with the exception of MbNO, which is explained in terms of the repulsive trans effect. We derive a high resolution description of the relative geometry of the ligands with respect to the heme and quantify the magnitude of the heme doming in the deoxyMb form. Finally, time-dependent density functional theory is used to simulate the pre-edge spectra and is found to be in good agreement with the experiment. The XAS spectra typically exhibit one pre-edge feature which arises from transitions into the unoccupied dσ and dπ - πligand* orbitals. 1s → dπ transitions contribute weakly for MbO2, metMb and deoxyMb. However, despite this strong Fe d contribution these transitions are found to be dominated by the dipole (1s → 4p) moment due to the low symmetry of the heme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico A Lima
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, CH, Switzerland.
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45
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Penfold TJ, Reinhard M, Rittmann-Frank MH, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Milne CJ, Glatzel P, Chergui M. X-ray Spectroscopic Study of Solvent Effects on the Ferrous and Ferric Hexacyanide Anions. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9411-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5055588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Penfold
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - C. J. Milne
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. Glatzel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Boı̂te Postale 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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46
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Uemura Y, Uehara H, Niwa Y, Nozawa S, Sato T, Adachi S, Ohtani B, Takakusagi S, Asakura K. In Situ Picosecond XAFS Study of an Excited State of Tungsten Oxide. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Uemura
- Division of Electronic Structure, Department of Materials Science, Institute of Molecular Science
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Yasuhiro Niwa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Material Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Material Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
| | - Tokushi Sato
- Photon Factory, Institute of Material Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
| | - Shinichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Material Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
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47
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48
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Zamponi F, Penfold TJ, Nachtegaal M, Lübcke A, Rittmann J, Milne CJ, Chergui M, van Bokhoven JA. Probing the dynamics of plasmon-excited hexanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles by picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23157-63. [PMID: 25251452 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The onset of disorder 100 ps after optical excitation of small Au NPs was revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Zamponi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institute
| | | | | | - Andrea Lübcke
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU)
- EPF Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Rittmann
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU)
- EPF Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU)
- EPF Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institute
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49
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Chen LX, Zhang X, Shelby ML. Recent advances on ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy in the chemical sciences. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular snapshots obtained by ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy reveal new insight into fundamental reaction mechanisms at single electron and atomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont, USA
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
| | - X. Zhang
- X-ray Science Division
- Advance Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont, USA
| | - M. L. Shelby
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston, USA
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50
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Penfold TJ, Karlsson S, Capano G, Lima FA, Rittmann J, Reinhard M, Rittmann-Frank MH, Braem O, Baranoff E, Abela R, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Solvent-induced luminescence quenching: static and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a copper(I) phenanthroline complex. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4591-601. [PMID: 23617226 DOI: 10.1021/jp403751m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a static and picosecond X-ray absorption study at the Cu K-edge of bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I) ([Cu(dmp)2](+); dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) dissolved in acetonitrile and dichloromethane. The steady-state photoluminescence spectra in dichloromethane and acetonitrile are also presented and show a shift to longer wavelengths for the latter, which points to a stronger stabilization of the excited complex. The fine structure features of the static and transient X-ray spectra allow an unambiguous assignment of the electronic and geometric structure of the molecule in both its ground and excited (3)MLCT states. Importantly, the transient spectra are remarkably similar for both solvents, and the spectral changes can be rationalized using the optimized ground- and excited-state structures of the complex. The proposed assignment of the lifetime shortening of the excited state in donor solvents (acetonitrile) to a metal-centered exciplex is not corroborated here. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the lack of complexation; however, in both solvents the molecules come close to the metal but undergo rapid exchange with the bulk. The shortening of the lifetime of the title complex and nine additional related complexes can be rationalized by the decrease in the (3)MLCT energy. Deviations from this trend may be explained by means of the effects of the dihedral angle between the ligand planes, the solvent, and the (3)MLCT-(1)MLCT energy gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Penfold
- Laboratoire De Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne, ISIC, FSB-BSP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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