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Bates KH, Evans MJ, Henderson BH, Jacob DJ. Impacts of updated reaction kinetics on the global GEOS-Chem simulation of atmospheric chemistry. GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT 2024; 7:1511-1524. [PMID: 38510104 PMCID: PMC10953788 DOI: 10.5194/gmd-17-1511-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We updated the chemical mechanism of the GEOS-Chem global 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry to include new recommendations from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) chemical kinetics Data Evaluation 19-5 and from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and to balance carbon and nitrogen. We examined the impact of these updates on the GEOS-Chem version 14.0.1 simulation. Notable changes include 11 updates to reactions of reactive nitrogen species, resulting in a 7% net increase in the stratospheric NOx (NO + NO2) burden; an updated CO + OH rate formula leading to a 2.7% reduction in total tropospheric CO; adjustments to the rate coefficient and branching ratios of propane + OH, leading to reduced tropospheric propane (-17%) and increased acetone (+3.5%) burdens; a 41% increase in the tropospheric burden of peroxyacetic acid due to a decrease in the rate coefficient for its reaction with OH, further contributing to reductions in peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN; -3.8%) and acetic acid (-3.4%); and a number of minor adjustments to halogen radical cycling. Changes to the global tropospheric burdens of other species include -0.7% for ozone, +0.3% for OH (-0.4% for methane lifetime against oxidation by tropospheric OH), +0.8% for formaldehyde, and -1.7% for NOx. The updated mechanism reflects the current state of the science, including complex chemical dependencies of key atmospheric species on temperature, pressure, and concentrations of other compounds. The improved conservation of carbon and nitrogen will facilitate future studies of their overall atmospheric budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin H. Bates
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Mathew J. Evans
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Daniel J. Jacob
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Bonfim VSA, Baptista L, Oliveira DAB, Honda DE, Santos ACF. Kinetic and thermodynamic investigations on the HF elimination reactions from neutral and ionized CF3CH2F. J Mol Model 2022; 28:309. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05282-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Estimation of Lower-Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Ozone Profile Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13071374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and air pollution are emerging topics due to their possible enormous implications for health and social perspectives. In recent years, tropospheric ozone has been recognized as an important greenhouse gas and pollutant that is detrimental to human health, agriculture, and natural ecosystems, and has shown a trend of increasing interest. Machine-learning-based approaches have been widely applied to the estimation of tropospheric ozone concentrations, but few studies have included tropospheric ozone profiles. This study aimed to predict the Northern Hemisphere distribution of Lower-Stratosphere-to-Troposphere (LST) ozone at a pressure of 100 hPa to the near surface by employing a deep learning Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. We referred to a history of all the observed parameters (meteorological data of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5), satellite data, and the ozone profiles of the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Center (WOUDC)) between 2014 and 2018 for training the predictive models. Model–measurement comparisons for the monitoring sites of WOUDC for the period 2019–2020 show that the mean correlation coefficients (R2) in the Northern Hemisphere at high latitude (NH), Northern Hemisphere at middle latitude (NM), and Northern Hemisphere at low latitude (NL) are 0.928, 0.885, and 0.590, respectively, indicating reasonable performance for the LSTM forecasting model. To improve the performance of the model, we applied the LSTM migration models to the Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) flights in the Northern Hemisphere from 2018 to 2019 and three urban agglomerations (the Sichuan Basin (SCB), North China Plain (NCP), and Yangtze River Delta region (YRD)) between 2018 and 2019. The results show that our models performed well on the CARIBIC data set, with a high R2 equal to 0.754. The daily and monthly surface ozone concentrations for 2018–2019 in the three urban agglomerations were estimated from meteorological and ancillary variables. Our results suggest that the LSTM models can accurately estimate the monthly surface ozone concentrations in the three clusters, with relatively high coefficients of 0.815–0.889, root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 7.769–8.729 ppb, and mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 6.111–6.930 ppb. The daily scale performance was not as high as the monthly scale performance, with the accuracy of R2 = 0.636~0.737, RMSE = 14.543–16.916 ppb, MAE = 11.130–12.687 ppb. In general, the trained module based on LSTM is robust and can capture the variation of the atmospheric ozone distribution. Moreover, it also contributes to our understanding of the mechanism of air pollution, especially increasing our comprehension of pollutant areas.
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Burkholder JB, Marshall P, Bera PP, Francisco JS, Lee TJ. Climate Metrics for C1–C4 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4793-4800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James B. Burkholder
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070, United States
| | - Partha P. Bera
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
- BAER Institute, NASA Research Park, MS 18-4, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Timothy J. Lee
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
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Atmospheric lifetimes and global warming potentials of atmospherically persistent N(C F ) , x = 2–4, perfluoroamines. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sulfuric acid decomposition chemistry above Junge layer in Earth's atmosphere concerning ozone depletion and healing. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Totterdill A, Kovács T, Gómez Martín JC, Feng W, Plane JMC. Mesospheric Removal of Very Long-Lived Greenhouse Gases SF6 and CFC-115 by Metal Reactions, Lyman-α Photolysis, and Electron Attachment. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:2016-25. [PMID: 25647411 DOI: 10.1021/jp5123344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Totterdill
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Tamás Kovács
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | | | - Wuhu Feng
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- National Centre
for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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Jubb AM, Gierczak T, Baasandorj M, Waterland RL, Burkholder JB. Methyl-perfluoroheptene-ethers (CH3OC7F13): measured OH radical reaction rate coefficients for several isomers and enantiomers and their atmospheric lifetimes and global warming potentials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4954-4962. [PMID: 24702168 DOI: 10.1021/es500888v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of methyl-perfluoroheptene-ethers (CH3OC7F13, MPHEs) are currently in use as replacements for perfluorinated alkanes (PFCs) and poly-ether heat transfer fluids, which are persistent greenhouse gases with lifetimes >1000 years. At present, the atmospheric processing and environmental impact from the use of MPHEs is unknown. In this work, rate coefficients at 296 K for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with six key isomers (including stereoisomers and enantiomers) of MPHEs used commercially were measured using a relative rate method. Rate coefficients for the six MPHE isomers ranged from ∼ 0.1 to 2.9 × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with a strong stereoisomer and -OCH3 group position dependence; the (E)-stereoisomers with the -OCH3 group in an α- position relative to the double bond had the greatest reactivity. Rate coefficients measured for the d3-MPHE isomer analogues showed decreased reactivity consistent with a minor contribution of H atom abstraction from the -OCH3 group to the overall reactivity. Estimated atmospheric lifetimes for the MPHE isomers range from days to months. Atmospheric lifetimes, radiative efficiencies, and global warming potentials for these short-lived MPHE isomers were estimated based on the measured OH rate coefficients along with measured and theoretically calculated MPHE infrared absorption spectra. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying the atmospheric impact of individual components in an isomeric mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Jubb
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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Papadimitriou VC, McGillen MR, Smith SC, Jubb AM, Portmann RW, Hall BD, Fleming EL, Jackman CH, Burkholder JB. 1,2-Dichlorohexafluoro-cyclobutane (1,2-c-C4F6Cl2, R-316c) a Potent Ozone Depleting Substance and Greenhouse Gas: Atmospheric Loss Processes, Lifetimes, and Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Potentials for the (E) and (Z) Stereoisomers. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11049-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407823k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vassileios C. Papadimitriou
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado, 80305 United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309 United States
- Laboratory
of Photochemistry and Chemical Kinetics, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Max R. McGillen
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado, 80305 United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309 United States
| | - Shona C. Smith
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado, 80305 United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309 United States
| | - Aaron M. Jubb
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado, 80305 United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309 United States
| | - Robert W. Portmann
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado, 80305 United States
| | - Bradley D. Hall
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado, 80305 United States
| | - Eric L. Fleming
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771 United States
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, 20706 United States
| | - Charles H. Jackman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771 United States
| | - James B. Burkholder
- Earth
System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado, 80305 United States
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