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Rana B, Hohenstein EG, Martínez TJ. Simulating the Excited-State Dynamics of Polaritons with Ab Initio Multiple Spawning. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:139-151. [PMID: 38110364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a growth of interest in polaritonic chemistry, where the formation of hybrid light-matter states (polaritons) can alter the course of photochemical reactions. These hybrid states are created by strong coupling between molecules and photons in resonant optical cavities and can even occur in the absence of light when the molecule is strongly coupled with the electromagnetic fluctuations of the vacuum field. We present a first-principles model to simulate nonadiabatic dynamics of such polaritonic states inside optical cavities by leveraging graphical processing units (GPUs). Our first implementation of this model is specialized for a single molecule coupled to a single-photon mode confined inside the optical cavity but with any number of excited states computed using complete active space configuration interaction (CASCI) and a Jaynes-Cummings-type Hamiltonian. Using this model, we have simulated the excited-state dynamics of a single salicylideneaniline (SA) molecule strongly coupled to a cavity photon with the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method. We demonstrate how the branching ratios of the photodeactivation pathways for this molecule can be manipulated by coupling to the cavity. We also show how one can stop the photoreaction from happening inside of an optical cavity. Finally, we also investigate cavity-based control of the ordering of two excited states (one optically bright and the other optically dark) inside a cavity for a set of molecules, where the dark and bright states are close in energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Rana
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Edward G Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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2
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Hasebe S, Hatakeyama-Sato K, Oyaizu K, Asahi T, Koshima H. Prediction of Photochromism of Salicylideneaniline Crystals Using a Data Mining Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1463-1471. [PMID: 38222500 PMCID: PMC10785315 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Salicylideneanilines (SAs) are photochromic compounds that undergo enol-keto photoisomerization in the solid state. Research over the past 60 years has revealed empirically that SAs with steric and planar conformations tend to be photochromic and nonphotochromic, respectively. However, increasing counterexamples in the recent literature raise questions about the nature of the relationship between structure and photochromism in SA crystals and whether the photochromism of SA crystals is predictable. This study is the first to construct a data set on SA crystals and conduct a comprehensive analysis to investigate the relationship between molecular and crystal structures and photochromism. A data mining approach revealed that the dihedral angle is the most dominant structural parameter for photochromism, followed by the Hirshfeld surface volume. SAs with neutral bulky hydrocarbon groups, such as the tert-butyl group, tend to be photochromic because such SAs have steric conformation and a loosely packed structure. In contrast, SAs with fluorine, pyridine, and pyrazine are less likely to be photochromic due to their planar conformation and densely packed structures. The photochromism of the SA crystals in our data set was predicted with high accuracy (>85%) using machine learning. The results of this study provide a useful reference for designing SA crystals with desired photochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shodai Hasebe
- Department
of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science
and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kan Hatakeyama-Sato
- School
of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyaizu
- Department
of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science
and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Department
of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science
and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Research
Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513,
Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Hideko Koshima
- Research
Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513,
Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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3
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Pracht P, Bannwarth C. Finding Excited-State Minimum Energy Crossing Points on a Budget: Non-Self-Consistent Tight-Binding Methods. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4440-4448. [PMID: 37144783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The automated exploration and identification of minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) is a valuable computational strategy for the study of photochemical processes. Due to the immense computational effort involved in calculating non-adiabatic derivative coupling vectors, simplifications have been introduced focusing instead on minimum energy crossing points (MECPs), where promising attempts were made with semiempirical quantum mechanical methods. A simplified treatment for describing crossing points between almost arbitrary diabatic states based on a non-self-consistent extended tight-binding method, GFN0-xTB, is presented. Involving only a single diagonalization of the Hamiltonian, the method can provide energies and gradients for multiple electronic states, which can be used in a derivative coupling-vector-free scheme to calculate MECPs. By comparison with high-lying MECIs of benchmark systems, it is demonstrated that the identified geometries are good starting points for further MECI refinement with ab initio methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Pracht
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Melatener Str. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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4
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Bhat V, Callaway CP, Risko C. Computational Approaches for Organic Semiconductors: From Chemical and Physical Understanding to Predicting New Materials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37141497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While a complete understanding of organic semiconductor (OSC) design principles remains elusive, computational methods─ranging from techniques based in classical and quantum mechanics to more recent data-enabled models─can complement experimental observations and provide deep physicochemical insights into OSC structure-processing-property relationships, offering new capabilities for in silico OSC discovery and design. In this Review, we trace the evolution of these computational methods and their application to OSCs, beginning with early quantum-chemical methods to investigate resonance in benzene and building to recent machine-learning (ML) techniques and their application to ever more sophisticated OSC scientific and engineering challenges. Along the way, we highlight the limitations of the methods and how sophisticated physical and mathematical frameworks have been created to overcome those limitations. We illustrate applications of these methods to a range of specific challenges in OSCs derived from π-conjugated polymers and molecules, including predicting charge-carrier transport, modeling chain conformations and bulk morphology, estimating thermomechanical properties, and describing phonons and thermal transport, to name a few. Through these examples, we demonstrate how advances in computational methods accelerate the deployment of OSCsin wide-ranging technologies, such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thermoelectrics, organic batteries, and organic (bio)sensors. We conclude by providing an outlook for the future development of computational techniques to discover and assess the properties of high-performing OSCs with greater accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Bhat
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Connor P Callaway
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
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5
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Weragoda GK, Abdelaziz NM, Govorov D, Merugu R, Patton LJ, Grabo JE, Ranaweera RAAU, Ratliff AC, Mendis WD, Ahmed N, Vilinsky KH, Abe M, Baldwin MJ, Gudmundsdottir AD. Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Salicylidene-α-Hydroxy Carboxylate Derivatives: Direct Detection of the Triplet Excited State of the cis-Keto Tautomer. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2765-2778. [PMID: 36926906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular hydrogen transfer on the triplet surface of salicylideneaniline derivatives has received much less attention than the corresponding ultrafast process on the singlet surface. To enhance the understanding of this triplet reactivity, the photochemical properties of a series of salicylidene-α-hydroxy acid salts with different substituents on the phenol moiety (1-3) were characterized. UV/vis absorption and phosphorescence measurements in ethanol revealed that 1-3 exist as both enol and keto tautomers, with the enol form being predominant. Irradiation of 1 at 310 nm in ethanol glass (77 K) yielded an absorption band with a λmax at ∼405 nm, which was assigned to the trans-keto tautomer (trans-1K). In contrast, laser flash photolysis of 1-3 in methanol or acetonitrile resulted in a transient absorption with λmax at 440-460 nm. This transient, which decayed on the microsecond timescale and was significantly shorter lived in methanol than in acetonitrile, was assigned to the triplet excited state (T1) of the cis-keto tautomer (cis-1K-3K) and residual absorption of trans-1K-3K by comparison with TD-DFT calculations. The assignment of the T1 of cis-1K was further supported by quenching studies with anthracene and 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene. Laser flash photolysis of 1 in the temperature range of 173-293 K gave an activation barrier of 6.7 kcal/mol for the decay of the T1 of cis-1K. In contrast, the calculated activation barrier for cis-1K to undergo a 1,5-H atom shift to reform 1 was smaller, indicating that intersystem crossing of the T1 of cis-1K is the rate-determining step in the regeneration of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethika K Weragoda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Nayera M Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Dmitrii Govorov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Rajkumar Merugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Leanna J Patton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Jennifer E Grabo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - R A A Upul Ranaweera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Anna C Ratliff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - W Dinindu Mendis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Noha Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Katrin H Vilinsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Michael J Baldwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Anna D Gudmundsdottir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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6
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Fatková K, Cajzl R, Burda JV. The vertical excitation energies and a lifetime of the two lowest singlet excited states of the conjugated polyenes from C2 to C22: Ab initio, DFT, and semiclassical MNDO-MD simulations. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:777-787. [PMID: 36444915 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Electronic excited states in the series of polyene molecules were explored. Optimal ground-state geometry was used for the evaluation of vertical excitation energies. Results of a chosen set of functionals were compared to post-HF methods (EOM-CCSD, NEVPT2, CASPT2, and MRCI). In addition, the semiempirical OM2/MNDO method using MRCISD computational level was confronted with the above-mentioned techniques. Despite the fact that the first excited state has a significant double-excitation character some functionals were able to qualitatively determine the correct state order (where the lowest excited state has a A g - character). The most successful functionals in transition energies predictions were PBE, TPSS and BLYP in Tamm-Dancoff approach (TDA), which had the smallest root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) scoring towards the experimental values. Regarding RMSD scoring, the OM2/MNDO method performed fairly well, too. Besides absorption spectra, lifetimes of the first two excited states were estimated based on a stochastic approach exploring a swarm of OM2/MNDO hopping dynamics using the Tully fewest switch algorithm for each molecule. The longest lifetime of the first excited state (S1 ) was found for decapentaene (about 5 ps). Further elongation of the conjugated chain caused a mild decrease of this value to ca 1.5 ps for docosaundecaene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Fatková
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Cajzl
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav V Burda
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Ferté A, Houssin A, Albouy N, Merritt ICD, Vacher M. ESIPT in the pyrrol pyridine molecule: mechanism, timescale and yield revealed using dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9761-9765. [PMID: 36857691 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in pyrrol pyridine is theoretically investigated using non-adiabatic dynamics simulations. The photochemical process is completely characterised: the reaction time, the total yield and the accessibility of the conical intersection are evaluated. Finally, new mechanistic interpretation are extracted: the proton transfer reaction in this molecule is shown to be driven by two complementary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ferté
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France.
| | - Axel Houssin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France.
| | - Nina Albouy
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France. .,Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Morgane Vacher
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France.
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8
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Artmann K, Pollok CH, Merten C, Nuernberger P. Wavelength-dependent photochemistry of a salicylimine derivative studied with cryogenic and ultrafast spectroscopy approaches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:30017-30026. [PMID: 36472246 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salicylimines are versatile compounds in which an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer and torsional motions may set in upon photoexcitation. Here, we study N-(α-phenylethyl)salicylimine (PESA) to elucidate how the photochemical reaction pathways depend on the excitation wavelength and to what extent the relative photoproduct distribution can be steered towards a desired species. DFT structure and potential energy calculations disclose that the most stable ground-state conformer is an enol species and that the photodynamics may proceed differently depending on the excited state that is reached. With matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy, the predominance of the enol conformer of PESA is confirmed. Illumination of the cryogenic sample with different wavelengths shifts the ratio of enol and keto products, and by sequential irradiation a selective re- and depopulation is possible. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy further reveals that also at room temperature, the outcome of the photoreaction depends on excitation wavelength, and in combination with the calculations, it can be rationalized that the decisive step occurs within the first hundred femtoseconds. Since the ultrafast dynamics mostly match those of similar salicylimines, our findings might also apply to those systems and provide additional insight into their reported sensitivity on excitation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Artmann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Corina H Pollok
- Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christian Merten
- Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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9
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Dasgupta S, Chowdhury A, Sahoo DK, Datta A. Interplay of conformational relaxation and hydrogen bond dynamics in the excited states of fluorescent Schiff base anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:304-313. [PMID: 36477682 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Time resolved fluorescence spectroscopic investigation of four Schiff base anions has established that their excited state dynamics is governed by several solvent properties: polarity, viscosity and hydrogen bond donating ability. With viscous protic solvents like glycerol, fluorescence lifetimes of anions have been found to be markedly longer than those in ethanol, implying that conformational relaxation of molecules plays a key role in their nonradiative relaxation. Surprisingly, the lifetimes in less viscous aprotic solvents, like acetonitrile, are found to be even longer. The only plausible rationalization of this observation is in the light of hydrogen bond-assisted nonradiative phenomena that are operative in protic solvents. This contention draws support from a time evolution of the emission in the red end of the spectrum in low to moderately hydrogen bond donating protic solvents, with regard to an absence of such a rise time in aprotic solvents and strongly hydrogen bond donating solvents, viz., 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. Rudimentary quantum chemical calculations provide a preliminary idea about the nature of excited state hydrogen bond redistribution involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souradip Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
| | - Arkaprava Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
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10
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A combined theoretical and experimental study of photo-induced intramolecular hydrogen transfer of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. FIREPHYSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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11
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Chen BJ, Zeng YF, Wu AT, Hu CH. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer and topography of conical intersection of aromatic hydrazone Schiff bases. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Pracht P, Bannwarth C. Fast Screening of Minimum Energy Crossing Points with Semiempirical Tight-Binding Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6370-6385. [PMID: 36121838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of photochemical processes is a highly active field in computational chemistry. One research direction is the automated exploration and identification of minimum energy conical intersection (MECI) geometries. However, due to the immense technical effort required to calculate nonadiabatic potential energy landscapes, the routine application of such computational protocols is severely limited. In this study, we will discuss the prospect of combining adiabatic potential energy surfaces from semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations with specialized confinement potential and metadynamics simulations to identify S0/T1 minimum energy crossing point (MECP) geometries. It is shown that MECPs calculated at the GFN2-xTB level can provide suitable approximations to high-level S0/S1ab initio conical intersection geometries at a fraction of the computational cost. Reference MECIs of benzene are studied to illustrate the basic concept. An example application of the presented protocol is demonstrated for a set of photoswitch molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Pracht
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Melatener Str. 20, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Melatener Str. 20, 52056Aachen, Germany
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13
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Liu L, Sun B, Ding R, Mao Y. Exploring the Photophysics of a Zn 2+ Fluorescence Sensor and Its Sensing Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6124-6134. [PMID: 36069475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sensor X is a turn-on sensor, which is applied in the fluorescence detection of Zn2+ ions. Its photophysical process is comprehensively investigated to clarify its weak fluorescence. With the aid of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), the potential energy surfaces (PES) of X on both ground and first excited states are studied. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (EPT) processes as well as molecule twisting motion are observed, which induces several minima on the excited-state PES. Transition states as well as rate constants for these dynamic processes are obtained to evaluate their occurrences. The twisting motion of the sensor is an ultrafast process, which is initiated by a specific EPT process and leads to a nonemissive twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state. The fluorescence of the sensor is barely observable because of the easily attainable TICT state on the excited PES. This mechanism is trustworthy and intrinsically different from the previously proposed mechanism. After clarifying the photophysical process of the sensor, the Zn2+ sensing mechanism is uncovered. Also, the selectivity against Cd2+ and Hg2+ is fully discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ran Ding
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yueyuan Mao
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
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14
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Che Z, Yan C, Wang X, Liao L. Organic
Near‐Infrared
Luminescent Materials Based on Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Process. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong‐Lu Che
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Chang‐Cun Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Liang‐Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078 Macau SAR China
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15
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Chang XP, Yu L, Zhang TS, Cui G. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics studies on the mechanistic photophysics of sunscreen oxybenzone in methanol solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13293-13304. [PMID: 35607908 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have employed the QM(CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM method to explore the photophysical and photochemical mechanism of oxybenzone (OB) in methanol solution. Based on the optimized minima, conical intersections and crossing points, and minimum-energy reaction paths related to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and excited-state decay paths in the 1ππ*, 1nπ*, 3ππ*, 3nπ*, and S0 states, we have identified several feasible excited-state relaxation pathways for the initially populated S2(1ππ*) state to decay to the initial enol isomer' S0 state. The major one is the singlet-mediated and stretch-torsion coupled ESIPT pathway, in which the system first undergoes an essentially barrierless 1ππ* ESIPT process to generate the 1ππ* keto species, and finally realizes its ground state recovery through the subsequent carbonyl stretch-torsion facilitating S1 → S0 internal conversion (IC) and the reverse ground-state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) process. The minor ones are related to intersystem crossing (ISC) processes. At the S2(1ππ*) minimum, an S2(1ππ*)/S1(1nπ*)/T2(3nπ*) three-state intersection region helps the S2 system branch into the T1 state through a S2 → S1 → T1 or S2 → T2 → T1 process. Once it has reached the T1 state, the system may relax to the S0 state via direct ISC or via subsequent nearly barrierless 3ππ* ESIPT to yield the T1 keto tautomer and ISC. The resultant S0 keto species significantly undergoes reverse GSIPT and only a small fraction yields the trans-keto form that relaxes back more slowly. However, due to small spin-orbit couplings at T1/S0 crossing points, the ISC to S0 state occurs very slowly. The present work rationalizes not only the ultrafast excited-state decay dynamics of OB but also its phosphorescence emission at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Li Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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16
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Sah C, Mahadevan A, Kumar P, Venkataramani S. The curious case of the photochemistry of 2-hydroxyphenylazo-3,5-dimethylisoxazole: Unravelling the process among tautomer-ization, photoisomerization, and conformational changes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7848-7855. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoswitching in azo compounds is well established. Typically, the planar trans molecule (native) can undergo isomerization to cis isomer and vice versa in solution by light. However, observing such photochemistry...
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17
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Chang XP, Zhang TS, Cui G. Theoretical Studies on the Excited-State Decay Mechanism of Homomenthyl Salicylate in a Gas Phase and an Acetonitrile Solution. J Phys Chem A 2021; 126:16-28. [PMID: 34963284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we employ the CASPT2//CASSCF and QM(CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM approaches to explore the photochemical mechanism of homomenthyl salicylate (HMS) in vacuum and an acetonitrile solution. The results show that in both cases, the excited-state relaxation mainly involves a spectroscopically "bright" S1(1ππ*) state and the lower-lying T1 and T2 states. In the major relaxation pathway, the photoexcited S1 keto system first undergoes an essentially barrierless excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) to generate the S1 enol minimum, near which a favorable S1/S0 conical intersection decays the system to the S0 state followed by a reverse ground-state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) to repopulate the initial S0 keto species. In the minor one, an S1/T2/T1 three-state intersection in the keto region makes the T1 state populated via direct and T2-mediated intersystem crossing (ISC) processes. In the T1 state, an ESIPT occurs, which is followed by ISC near a T1/S0 crossing point in the enol region to the S0 state and finally back to the S0 keto species. In addition, a T1/S0 crossing point near the T1 keto minimum can also help the system decay to the S0 keto species. However, small spin-orbit couplings between T1 and S0 at these T1/S0 crossing points make ISC to the S0 state very slow and make the system trapped in the T1 state for a while. The present work rationalizes not only the ultrafast excited-state decay dynamics of HMS but also its low quantum yield of phosphorescence at 77 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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18
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Dasgupta S, Banerjee S, Das S, Datta A. From fluorogens to fluorophores by elucidation and suppression of ultrafast excited state processes of a Schiff base. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19494-19502. [PMID: 34524318 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02540f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Strategies have been explored for developing strongly fluorescent species out of a weakly fluorescent Schiff base, 2-(((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)imino)methyl)phenol (salampy). The locally excited enolic state of salampy undergoes an intramolecular proton transfer with a time constant of ca. 200 fs. The emissive cis keto state thus formed decays completely within 50 ps. Its fast decay and miniscule fluorescence quantum yield are attributed to efficient non-radiative channels associated with conformational relaxation. The anionic form, salampy-, has a significantly longer fluorescence lifetime of 800 ps. Its emissive state evolves in tens of picoseconds, from the locally excited state, by solvent and conformational relaxation. Both the neutral and anionic forms have a fluorescence lifetime of about 6 ns at 77 K, a temperature at which all activated nonradiative channels are blocked. This lifetime is similar to that obtained at room temperature, upon rigidification of the anion by complexation with Zn2+. Two such complexes have been studied. The first is binuclear, with acetate bridge between the two Zn2+ ions. The second, with ClO4- as the counterion, is mononuclear with two salampy ligands ligating the metal ion. Unlike a previous report on a different Schiff base, in which the ligands are π-stacked in its dimeric Zn2+ complex, no additional nonradiative deactivation pathway opens up in the Zn complexes of salampy, which are devoid of such stacking. The complex of salampy with Al3+ has an even longer fluorescence lifetime of 9 ns, indicating a greater degree of rigidification and consequent suppression of nonradiative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souradip Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Shrobona Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Rd, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Sharmistha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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19
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Zhang YH, Sun XW, Zhang TS, Liu XY, Cui G. Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations on Early-Time Photochemistry of Spirobenzopyran. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2547-2559. [PMID: 32187492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced ring-opening, decay, and isomerization of spirobenzopyran have been explored by the OM2/MRCI nonadiabatic dynamics simulations based on Tully's fewest-switches surface hopping scheme. The efficient S1 to S0 internal conversion as observed in experiments is attributed to the existence of two efficient excited-state decay pathways. The first one is related to the C-N dissociation, and the second one is done to the C-O dissociation. The C-O dissociation pathway is dominant, and more than 90% trajectories decay to the S0 state via the C-O bond-fission related S1/S0 conical intersections. Near these regions in the S0 state, trajectories can either return to spirobenzopyran or proceed to various intermediates including merocyanine via a series of bond rotations. Our nonadiabatic dynamics simulations also demonstrate that the hydrogen-out-of-plane (HOOP) motion is important for efficient and ultrafast excited-state deactivation. On the other hand, we have also found that the replacement of methyl groups by hydrogen atoms in spirobenzopyran can artificially introduce different intramolecular hydrogen transfers leading to hydrogen-transferred intermediates. This finding is important for the community and demonstrates that such a kind of structural truncation, sometimes, could be problematic, leading to incorrect photodynamics. Our present work provides valuable insights into the photodynamics of spirobenzopyran, which could be helpful for the design of spiropyran-based photochromic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xin-Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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20
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Nelson TR, White AJ, Bjorgaard JA, Sifain AE, Zhang Y, Nebgen B, Fernandez-Alberti S, Mozyrsky D, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Non-adiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics: Theory and Applications for Modeling Photophysics in Extended Molecular Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2215-2287. [PMID: 32040312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optically active molecular materials, such as organic conjugated polymers and biological systems, are characterized by strong coupling between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. Typically, simulations must go beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to account for non-adiabatic coupling between excited states. Indeed, non-adiabatic dynamics is commonly associated with exciton dynamics and photophysics involving charge and energy transfer, as well as exciton dissociation and charge recombination. Understanding the photoinduced dynamics in such materials is vital to providing an accurate description of exciton formation, evolution, and decay. This interdisciplinary field has matured significantly over the past decades. Formulation of new theoretical frameworks, development of more efficient and accurate computational algorithms, and evolution of high-performance computer hardware has extended these simulations to very large molecular systems with hundreds of atoms, including numerous studies of organic semiconductors and biomolecules. In this Review, we will describe recent theoretical advances including treatment of electronic decoherence in surface-hopping methods, the role of solvent effects, trivial unavoided crossings, analysis of data based on transition densities, and efficient computational implementations of these numerical methods. We also emphasize newly developed semiclassical approaches, based on the Gaussian approximation, which retain phase and width information to account for significant decoherence and interference effects while maintaining the high efficiency of surface-hopping approaches. The above developments have been employed to successfully describe photophysics in a variety of molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammie R Nelson
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Alexander J White
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Josiah A Bjorgaard
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Andrew E Sifain
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States.,U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21005 , United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Benjamin Nebgen
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | | | - Dmitry Mozyrsky
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
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21
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Das B, Chakraborty A, Chakraborty S. Experimental and theoretical investigation of ground state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) in salicylideneaniline Schiff base derivatives in polar protic medium. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 225:117443. [PMID: 31677426 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ground state intramolecular proton transfer process has been comprehensively investigated in three salicylideneaniline Schiff base derivatives (SB1, SB2, and SB3) using experimental and theoretical methods. It has been confirmed that all the three Schiff base molecules in the ground electronic state exist in the enol form in non-polar and polar aprotic solvents. Keto form is being populated by the polar protic solvent through ground state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) process. Ground state equilibrium between the enol and keto tautomers for SB1 and SB3 is mainly governed by the proton donating ability of the solvent. Ground state equilibria between the enol and keto tautomers of SB2 which is a positional isomer of SB3 is governed by the polarity and proton donating ability of the solvents. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process is also evidenced in all the three Schiff base molecules. Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level in the gas phase and in different solvents using polarisable continuum model (PCM) have failed to establish the GSIPT process. Microsolvation of individual enol and keto conformers has been investigated considering upto three solvent molecules. The energetics of the individual conformers together with the corresponding transition state have been calculated. It has been confirmed that the keto conformer is more stable compared to the enol conformer in microsolvated cluster of three methanol molecules. Lowering of activation energy for the enol to keto tautomerisation in the presence of methanol also supports the experimental observation for GSIPT process. TDDFT/B3LYP/cc-pVDZ single point calculations for microsolvated clusters of enol and keto form of the Schiff base molecules exhibit an excellent agreement with the experimentally obtained absorption spectra. Difference in spectral nature of the Schiff base molecules has been explained using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) has also been utilised to understand the GSIPT process in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoya Das
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan - 333031, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan - 333031, India
| | - Shamik Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan - 333031, India.
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22
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Barboza CA, Gawrys P, Banasiewicz M, Suwinska K, Sobolewski AL. Photophysical transformations induced by chemical substitution to salicylaldimines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6698-6705. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of electron-acceptor strength and microenvironment polarity on the photophysical properties of salicylaldimines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Gawrys
- Physics Institute
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Kinga Suwinska
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw
- Warsaw
- Poland
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23
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Maulén B, Echeverri A, Gómez T, Fuentealba P, Cárdenas C. Electron Localization Function in Excited States: The Case of the Ultrafast Proton Transfer of the Salicylidene Methylamine. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5532-5542. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Maulén
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Echeverri
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tatiana Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Center, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Fuentealba
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Avda. Ecuador 3493, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Carlos Cárdenas
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Avda. Ecuador 3493, Santiago 9170124, Chile
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24
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Chinta RVRN, Aradhyula BPR, Murali AC, Venkatasubbaiah K. Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of naphthaldimine based boron complexes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Zhang TS, Li ZW, Fang Q, Barbatti M, Fang WH, Cui G. Stereoselective Excited-State Isomerization and Decay Paths in cis-Cyclobiazobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6144-6151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | | | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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26
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Photochromic cycle of two N-salicylidene-p-X-anilines revealed by the dynamics over 10 orders of magnitude. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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A Spectroscopic Study of Tautomeric Equilibrium of Salicylideneaniline in ZSM-5 Zeolites. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040795. [PMID: 30813273 PMCID: PMC6412596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylideneaniline (SA) sorbed in cation-exchanged M-ZSM-5 (M = H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and Zn2+) zeolites was studied by spectroscopic techniques assisted by quantum-chemical calculations. The nature of extra-framework cations present in the zeolite void was found to affect the spectral signature of the sorbed SA molecule that points to the shift of tautomeric equilibrium between the enol and keto forms. Small size cations, such as H+ and Li+, stabilize a cis-keto SA tautomer along with a enol one in the zeolite structure. The calculations indicate that the sorbed cis-keto tautomer may have the dipole large enough to be considered as a zwitterion. New features appearing in the spectra with the increase of the cation size were attributed to the presence of trans-keto SA tautomer, which up to now has been observed only in time-resolved spectroscopic experiments. A strong interaction of the molecule with cations in Zn-ZSM-5 zeolite results in the chelation of enol SA with the divalent Zn2+ ions. The results of the study suggest that the tautomeric equilibrium of molecules belonging to the Schiff base family can be tuned by the confinement in the nanoporous materials via a choice of topology of zeolite framework and the nature of extra-framework cations.
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29
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Jankowska J, Sobolewski AL. Efficient Separation of Photogenerated Charges in a Ferroelectric Molecular Wire: Nonadiabatic Dynamics Study on 3,5‐Dicyano‐1,7‐dimethylopyrrolo[3,2‐f]indole Trimer. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Bannwarth C, Ehlert S, Grimme S. GFN2-xTB-An Accurate and Broadly Parametrized Self-Consistent Tight-Binding Quantum Chemical Method with Multipole Electrostatics and Density-Dependent Dispersion Contributions. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1652-1671. [PMID: 30741547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1378] [Impact Index Per Article: 275.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An extended semiempirical tight-binding model is presented, which is primarily designed for the fast calculation of structures and noncovalent interaction energies for molecular systems with roughly 1000 atoms. The essential novelty in this so-called GFN2-xTB method is the inclusion of anisotropic second order density fluctuation effects via short-range damped interactions of cumulative atomic multipole moments. Without noticeable increase in the computational demands, this results in a less empirical and overall more physically sound method, which does not require any classical halogen or hydrogen bonding corrections and which relies solely on global and element-specific parameters (available up to radon, Z = 86). Moreover, the atomic partial charge dependent D4 London dispersion model is incorporated self-consistently, which can be naturally obtained in a tight-binding picture from second order density fluctuations. Fully analytical and numerically precise gradients (nuclear forces) are implemented. The accuracy of the method is benchmarked for a wide variety of systems and compared with other semiempirical methods. Along with excellent performance for the "target" properties, we also find lower errors for "off-target" properties such as barrier heights and molecular dipole moments. High computational efficiency along with the improved physics compared to its precursor GFN-xTB makes this method well-suited to explore the conformational space of molecular systems. Significant improvements are furthermore observed for various benchmark sets, which are prototypical for biomolecular systems in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bannwarth
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry , Universität Bonn , Beringstr. 4 , 53115 Bonn , Germany.,Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Sebastian Ehlert
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry , Universität Bonn , Beringstr. 4 , 53115 Bonn , Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry , Universität Bonn , Beringstr. 4 , 53115 Bonn , Germany
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31
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Muriel WA, Morales-Cueto R, Rodríguez-Córdoba W. Unravelling the solvent polarity effect on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer mechanism of the 1- and 2-salicylideneanthrylamine. A TD-DFT case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:915-928. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06298f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
TD-DFT has been used to investigate the relaxation pathways of 1- and 2-salicylideneanthrylamine in different solvent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilver A. Muriel
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Escuela de Física
- Laboratorio de Fotónica y Optoelectrónica
- Medellín
| | - Rodrigo Morales-Cueto
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
- 62209 Cuernavaca Morelos
- Mexico
| | - William Rodríguez-Córdoba
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Escuela de Física
- Laboratorio de Fotónica y Optoelectrónica
- Medellín
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32
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Ivanova B, Spiteller M. Experimental and theoretical mass spectrometric quantification of diffusion parameters and 3D structural determination of ions of L-tryptophyl-l-tryptophan in electrospray ionization conditions in positive operation mode. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Muriel WA, Botero-Cadavid JF, Cárdenas C, Rodríguez-Córdoba W. A theoretical study of the photodynamics of salicylidene-2-anthrylamine in acetonitrile solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29399-29411. [PMID: 30451250 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast photoinduced processes of salicylidene-2-anthrylamine (2-AntSA) in acetonitrile solution have been investigated using DFT/TD-DFT static electronic structure calculations and excited state ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Two different isoenergetic enol ground-state structures with suitable geometry for excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) where chosen for the excited-state dynamics. The S1 relaxed potential energy profiles for the excited state intramolecular proton transfer and the N[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond isomerization reactions predict that both reactions occur over an energy barrier and that they are competitive processes in the deactivation of the Franck-Condon state. The photodynamic simulations show that the ESIPT occurs in the femtosecond time scale for both conformers (77 and 213 fs for IA and IIA, respectively) and that the speed is modulated by the ability of the conformers to evolve toward a planar conformation in the S1 state. The trajectories predict two conical intersections which provide nonradiative relaxation pathways to the S0 state. The first one is located in the twisted enol region, where the proton transfer process is unlikely, and only occurs for the conformer IIA in a time scale ≥600 fs. The second conical intersection is located in the cis-keto region, and represents an effective depopulation channel toward the trans-keto form. All our results are in remarkably good agreement with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilver A Muriel
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, Facultad de ciencias, Escuela de Física, Laboratorio de Fotónica y Optoelectrónica, Calle 59 A No 63-20, A.A. 3840, Medellín, Colombia.
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34
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Gupta A, Kumar A, Singh R, Devi M, Dhir A, Pradeep CP. Facile Synthesis of an Organic Solid State Near-Infrared-Emitter with Large Stokes Shift via Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14341-14348. [PMID: 31458123 PMCID: PMC6645307 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An organic solid-state near-infrared (NIR)-emitter (λem = 738 nm) exhibiting large Stokes shift (Δλ = 293 nm) through the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer phenomenon has been synthesized and characterized. The present discovery points to the possibility of achieving a new family of solid-state NIR emitters starting from simple aldehyde and amine precursors.
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35
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Liu J, Koslowski A, Thiel W. Analytic gradient and derivative couplings for the spin-flip extended configuration interaction singles method: Theory, implementation, and application to proton transfer. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:244108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5037081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Axel Koslowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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36
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Pijeau S, Foster D, Hohenstein EG. Effect of Nonplanarity on Excited-State Proton Transfer and Internal Conversion in Salicylideneaniline. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5555-5562. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiela Pijeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Donneille Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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37
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Armengol P, Spörkel L, Gelabert R, Moreno M, Thiel W, Lluch JM. Ultrafast action chemistry in slow motion: atomistic description of the excitation and fluorescence processes in an archetypal fluorescent protein. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11067-11080. [PMID: 29620123 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations on the electronically excited state of green fluorescent protein mutant S65T/H148D. We examine the driving force of the ultrafast (τ < 50 fs) excited-state proton transfer unleashed by absorption in the A band at 415 nm and propose an atomistic description of the two dynamical regimes experimentally observed [Stoner Ma et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 1227]. These regimes are explained in terms of two sets of successive dynamical events: first the proton transfers quickly from the chromophore to the acceptor Asp148. Thereafter, on a slower time scale, there are geometrical changes in the cavity of the chromophore that involve the distance between the chromophore and Asp148, the planarity of the excited-state chromophore, and the distance between the chromophore and Tyr145. We find two different non-radiative relaxation channels that are operative for structures in the reactant region and that can explain the mismatch between the decay of the emission of A* and the rise of the emission of I*, as well as the temperature dependence of the non-radiative decay rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Armengol
- Departament de Qímica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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38
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Abstract
We show that the importance sampling technique can effectively augment the range of problems where the nuclear ensemble approach can be applied. A sampling probability distribution function initially determines the collection of initial conditions for which calculations are performed, as usual. Then, results for a distinct target distribution are computed by introducing compensating importance sampling weights for each sampled point. This mapping between the two probability distributions can be performed whenever they are both explicitly constructed. Perhaps most notably, this procedure allows for the computation of temperature dependent observables. As a test case, we investigated the UV absorption spectra of phenol, which has been shown to have a marked temperature dependence. Application of the proposed technique to a range that covers 500 K provides results that converge to those obtained with conventional sampling. We further show that an overall improved rate of convergence is obtained when sampling is performed at intermediate temperatures. The comparison between calculated and the available measured cross sections is very satisfactory, as the main features of the spectra are correctly reproduced. As a second test case, one of Tully's classical models was revisited, and we show that the computation of dynamical observables also profits from the importance sampling technique. In summary, the strategy developed here can be employed to assess the role of temperature for any property calculated within the nuclear ensemble method, with the same computational cost as doing so for a single temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábris Kossoski
- Instituto de Fı́sica "Gleb Wataghin" , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , 13083-859 Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil.,Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, ICR , Marseille , France
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39
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Liu J, Thiel W. An efficient implementation of semiempirical quantum-chemical orthogonalization-corrected methods for excited-state dynamics. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:154103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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40
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Gao A, Li J, Wang D, Ma X, Wang M. Nonadiabatic dynamics simulation of photoisomerization mechanism of the second stablest isomer of N-salicilydenemethylfurylamine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 191:315-324. [PMID: 29055276 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The photoisomerization processes of the second stablest isomer in the aromatic Schiff base, N-salicilydenemethylfurylamine, in the gas phase have been studied by static electronic structure calculations and surface-hopping dynamics simulations based on the Zhu-Nakamura theory. Various stable structures are obtained in the optimization because of different orientations of methyl-furyl part with respect to the salicylaldimine part and different orientations of hydroxy group with respect to the benzene ring. Upon photoexcitation into the first excited state, bond isomerization in the salicylaldimine part is completely suppressed until the strong excited-state hydrogen bond is broken. The decay pathway involves two excited-state minima, one in cis-enol form and the other in cis-keto form. After the excited-state proton transfer, twists of bonds lead to a conical intersection between the ground and excited states. After internal conversion around a conical intersection, the molecule is stabilized in cis- or trans-keto form. If the reverse hydrogen transfer process occurs in the ground state, the molecule will finally end up in the cis-enol region. The cis-keto and trans-keto isomers are observed as photoproducts. According to our full-dimensional nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, we find the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer and torsions of three single bonds in the chain to be responsible for photoisomerization of the second stablest isomer of N-salicilydenemethylfurylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Gao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Jianpeng Li
- Technical Test Center, Shengli Oil-field, Sinopec, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaoguang Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Meishan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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41
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Barboza CA, Sobolewski AL. An Ab initio study on the photophysics of tris(salicylideneaniline). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25164-25168. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04416c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequential excited-state proton transfers result in multiple band fluorescence spectrum.
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42
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Pijeau S, Foster D, Hohenstein EG. Excited-State Dynamics of 2-(2′-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole: Ultrafast Proton Transfer and Internal Conversion. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4595-4605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiela Pijeau
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Donneille Foster
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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43
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Gao AH, Wang MS. Nonadiabaticab initiomolecular dynamics study of photoisomerization inN-salicilydenemethylfurylamine (SMFA). J Chem Phys 2017; 146:124312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4979060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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44
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Wang YT, Gao YJ, Wang Q, Cui G. Photochromic Mechanism of a Bridged Diarylethene: Combined Electronic Structure Calculations and Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:793-802. [PMID: 28051866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecularly bridged diarylethenes exhibit improved photocyclization quantum yields because the anti-syn isomerization that originally suppresses photocyclization in classical diarylethenes is blocked. Experimentally, three possible channels have been proposed to interpret experimental observation, but many details of photochromic mechanism remain ambiguous. In this work we have employed a series of electronic structure methods (OM2/MRCI, DFT, TDDFT, RI-CC2, DFT/MRCI, and CASPT2) to comprehensively study excited state properties, photocyclization, and photoreversion dynamics of 1,2-dicyano[2,2]metacyclophan-1-ene. On the basis of optimized stationary points and minimum-energy conical intersections, we have refined experimentally proposed photochromic mechanism. Only an S1/S0 minimum-energy conical intersection is located; thus, we can exclude the third channel experimentally proposed. In addition, we find that both photocyclization and photoreversion processes use the same S1/S0 conical intersection to decay the S1 system to the S0 state, so we can unify the remaining two channels into one. These new insights are verified by our OM2/MRCI nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. The S1 excited-state lifetimes of photocyclization and photoreversion are estimated to be 349 and 453 fs, respectively, which are close to experimentally measured values: 240 ± 60 and 250 fs in acetonitrile solution. The present study not only interprets experimental observations and refines previously proposed mechanism but also provides new physical insights that are valuable for future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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45
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Jankowska J, Barbatti M, Sadlej J, Sobolewski AL. Tailoring the Schiff base photoswitching – a non-adiabatic molecular dynamics study of substituent effect on excited state proton transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5318-5325. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamics reveals how to design chemical substitutions to control excited-state proton transfer efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jankowska
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | | | - Joanna Sadlej
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
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46
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Jagadesan P, Whittemore T, Beirl T, Turro C, McGrier PL. Excited-State Intramolecular Proton-Transfer Properties of Three Tris(N-Salicylideneaniline)-Based Chromophores with Extended Conjugation. Chemistry 2016; 23:917-925. [PMID: 27859715 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical properties of three tris(N-salicylideneaniline) (TSA) compounds containing 1,3,5-triarylbenzene, -tristyrylbenzene, and -tris(arylethynyl)benzene core units are reported. The TSA compounds underwent efficient excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in solution and in solid state due to the preformed C=N⋅⋅⋅H-O hydrogen-bonded motifs of the structures. Steady-state fluorescence emission spectra of the TSA molecules revealed dual bands only in DMSO, and large Stokes shifts in other polar aprotic and protic solvents. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic measurements in THF revealed lifetime values in the range of 14-16 ps for the excited-state keto-tautomer. The TSA compounds are also responsive to metal ions (Cu2+ and Zn2+ ) in DMSO, exhibit enhanced aggregate-induced emission (AIE) properties in DMSO/water mixtures, and are highly luminescent in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeepkumar Jagadesan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Tyler Whittemore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Toni Beirl
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Psaras L McGrier
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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47
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Zhao L, Liu J, Zhou P. New Insight into the Photoisomerization Process of the Salicylidene Methylamine under Vacuum. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7419-26. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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48
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Tuna D, Lu Y, Koslowski A, Thiel W. Semiempirical Quantum-Chemical Orthogonalization-Corrected Methods: Benchmarks of Electronically Excited States. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4400-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tuna
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - You Lu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Axel Koslowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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49
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Theoretical investigation of 2-(iminomethyl)phenol in the gas phase as a prototype of ultrafast excited-state intramolecular proton transfer. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Xu C, Yu L, Zhu C, Yu J, Cao Z. Intersystem crossing-branched excited-state intramolecular proton transfer for o-nitrophenol: An ab initio on-the-fly nonadiabatic molecular dynamic simulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26768. [PMID: 27221650 PMCID: PMC4879701 DOI: 10.1038/srep26768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6SA-CASSCF(10, 10)/6-31G (d, p) quantum chemistry method has been applied to perform on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping simulation with global switching algorithm and to explore excited-state intramolecular proton transfer reactions for the o-nitrophenol molecule within low-lying electronic singlet states (S0 and S1) and triplet states (T1 and T2). The decisive photoisomerization mechanisms of o-nitrophenol upon S1 excitation are found by three intersystem crossings and one conical intersection between two triplet states, in which T1 state plays an essential role. The present simulation shows branch ratios and timescales of three key processes via T1 state, non-hydrogen transfer with ratio 48% and timescale 300 fs, the tunneling hydrogen transfer with ratios 36% and timescale 10 ps, and the direct hydrogen transfer with ratios 13% and timescale 40 fs. The present simulated timescales might be close to low limit of the recent experiment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, The College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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