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Solar-Encinas J, Vásquez-Espinal A, Leyva-Parra L, Yañez O, Inostroza D, Valenzuela ML, Orellana W, Tiznado W. Planar Elongated B 12 Structure in M 3B 12 Clusters (M = Cu-Au). Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010236. [PMID: 36615438 PMCID: PMC9822480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, it is shown that the M3B12 (M = Cu-Au) clusters' global minima consist of an elongated planar B12 fragment connected by an in-plane linear M3 fragment. This result is striking since this B12 planar structure is not favored in the bare cluster, nor when one or two metals are added. The minimum energy structures were revealed by screening the potential energy surface using genetic algorithms and density functional theory calculations. Chemical bonding analysis shows that the strong electrostatic interactions with the metal compensate for the high energy spent in the M3 and B12 fragment distortion. Furthermore, metals participate in the delocalized π-bonds, which infers an aromatic character to these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Solar-Encinas
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.V.-E.); (W.T.)
| | - Luis Leyva-Parra
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Maria Luisa Valenzuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Procesos Sustentables, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile
| | - Walter Orellana
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370136, Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.V.-E.); (W.T.)
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Analysis of Local and Global Aromaticity in Si3C5 and Si4C8 Clusters. Aromatic Species Containing Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon. CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The minimum energy structures of the Si3C5 and Si4C8 clusters are planar and contain planar tetracoordinate carbons (ptCs). These species have been classified, qualitatively, as global (π) and local (σ) aromatics according to the adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) method, which is an orbital localization method. This work evaluates these species’ aromaticity, focusing on confirming and quantifying their global and local aromatic character. For this purpose, we use an orbital localization method based on the partitioning of the molecular space according to the topology of the electronic localization function (LOC-ELF). In addition, the magnetically induced current density is analyzed. The LOC-ELF-based analysis coincides with the AdNDP study (double aromaticity, global, and local). Moreover, the current density analysis detects global and local ring currents. The strength of the global and local current circuit is significant, involving 4n + 2 π- and σ-electrons, respectively. The latter implicates the Si-ptC-Si fragment, which would be related to the 3c-2e σ-bond detected by the orbital localization methods in this fragment.
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Manrique-de-la-Cuba MF, Leyva-Parra L, Inostroza D, Gomez B, Vásquez-Espinal A, Garza J, Yañez O, Tiznado W. Li 8 Si 8 , Li 10 Si 9 , and Li 12 Si 10 : Assemblies of Lithium-Silicon Aromatic Units. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:906-910. [PMID: 33779015 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the global minima structures of Li8 Si8 , Li10 Si9 , and Li12 Si10 systems, in which silicon moieties maintain structural and chemical bonding characteristics similar to those of their building blocks: the aromatic clusters Td -Li4 Si4 and C2v -Li6 Si5 . Electron counting rules, chemical bonding analysis, and magnetic response properties verify the silicon unit's aromaticity persistence. This study demonstrates the feasibility of assembling silicon-based nanostructures from aromatics clusters as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Manrique-de-la-Cuba
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04013, Urb. San José S/N, Umacollo, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Luis Leyva-Parra
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, 8370251, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, 8370251, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Badhin Gomez
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular, Universidad Católica de Santa María, 04013, Urb. San José S/N, Umacollo, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, 8370251, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Garza
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340, México City, México
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, 8370251, Santiago, Chile.,Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), 8370251, Santiago, Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, 8370251, Santiago, Chile
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Feixas F, Matito E, Poater J, Solà M. Quantifying aromaticity with electron delocalisation measures. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6434-51. [PMID: 25858673 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aromaticity cannot be measured directly by any physical or chemical experiment because it is not a well-defined magnitude. Its quantification is done indirectly from the measure of different properties that are usually found in aromatic compounds such as bond length equalisation, energetic stabilisation, and particular magnetic behaviour associated with induced ring currents. These properties have been used to set up the myriad of structural-, energetic-, and magnetic-based indices of aromaticity known to date. The cyclic delocalisation of mobile electrons in two or three dimensions is probably one of the key aspects that characterise aromatic compounds. However, it has not been until the last decade that electron delocalisation measures have been widely employed to quantify aromaticity. Some of these new indicators of aromaticity such as the PDI, FLU, ING, and INB were defined in our group. In this paper, we review the different existing descriptors of aromaticity that are based on electron delocalisation properties, we compare their performance with indices based on other properties, and we summarise a number of applications of electronic-based indices for the analysis of aromaticity in interesting chemical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Feixas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
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Oña OB, Torres-Vega JJ, Torre A, Lain L, Alcoba DR, Vásquez-Espinal A, Tiznado W. Chemical bonding analysis in boron clusters by means of localized orbitals according to the electron localization function topology. Theor Chem Acc 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Torres-Vega JJ, Vásquez-Espinal A, Ruiz L, Fernández-Herrera MA, Alvarez-Thon L, Merino G, Tiznado W. Revisiting Aromaticity and Chemical Bonding of Fluorinated Benzene Derivatives. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:302-7. [PMID: 26246992 PMCID: PMC4522180 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron delocalization of benzene (C6H6) and hexafluorobenzene (C6F6) was analyzed in terms of the induced magnetic field, nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS), and ring current strength (RCS). The computed out-of-plane component of the induced magnetic field at a distance (r) greater than or equal to 1.0 Å above the ring center correlates well (R (2)>0.99) with the RCS value. According to these criteria, fluorination has two effects on the C6 skeleton; concomitantly, the resonant effects diminish the π electron delocalization and the inductive effects decrease the charge density at the ring center and therefore reduce the magnitude of the paratropic current generated in this region. The equilibrium between both effects decreases aromaticity in the fluorinated benzene derivatives. These results can be extrapolated to determine the aromaticity of any derivative within the series of fluorinated benzene derivatives (C6H(6-n)F n , where n=1-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Torres-Vega
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile
| | - María A Fernández-Herrera
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, CP., 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico
| | - Luis Alvarez-Thon
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 220, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, CP., 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 275, Santiago, Chile
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Torres-Vega JJ, Vásquez-Espinal A, Beltran MJ, Ruiz L, Islas R, Tiznado W. Li7(BH)5+: a new thermodynamically favored star-shaped molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19602-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of stabilizing a new star-shaped molecule, the Li7(BH)5+, is demonstrated by anin silicoinvestigation, combining DFT andAb initiomethods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Torres-Vega
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Maria J. Beltran
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Lina Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Rafael Islas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
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