1
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Kastinen T, Batys P, Tolmachev D, Laasonen K, Sammalkorpi M. Ion-Specific Effects on Ion and Polyelectrolyte Solvation. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400244. [PMID: 38712639 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Ion-specific effects on aqueous solvation of monovalent counter ions, Na+ ${^+ }$ , K+ ${^+ }$ , Cl- ${^- }$ , and Br- ${^- }$ , and two model polyelectrolytes (PEs), poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) were here studied with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on the OPLS-aa force-field which is an empirical fixed point-charge force-field. Ion-specific binding to the PE charge groups was also characterized. Both computational methods predict similar response for the solvation of the PEs but differ notably in description of ion solvation. Notably, AIMD captures the experimentally observed differences in Cl- ${^- }$ and Br- ${^- }$ anion solvation and binding with the PEs, while the classical MD simulations fail to differentiate the ion species response. Furthermore, the findings show that combining AIMD with the computationally less costly classical MD simulations allows benefiting from both the increased accuracy and statistics reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuva Kastinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dmitry Tolmachev
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
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2
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Vahid H, Scacchi A, Sammalkorpi M, Ala-Nissila T. Nonmonotonic electrophoretic mobility of rodlike polyelectrolytes by multivalent coions in added salt. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014501. [PMID: 38366448 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
It is well established that when multivalent counterions or salts are added to a solution of highly charged polyelectrolytes (PEs), correlation effects can cause charge inversion of the PE, leading to electrophoretic mobility (EM) reversal. In this work, we use coarse-grained molecular-dynamics simulations to unravel the less understood effect of coion valency on EM reversal for rigid DNA-like PEs. We find that EM reversal induced by multivalent counterions is suppressed with increasing coion valency in the salt added and eventually vanishes. Further, we find that EM is enhanced at fixed low salt concentrations for salts with monovalent counterions when multivalent coions with increasing valency are introduced. However, increasing the salt concentration causes a crossover that leads to EM reversal which is enhanced by increasing coion valency at high salt concentration. Remarkably, this multivalent coion-induced EM reversal persists even for low values of PE linear charge densities where multivalent counterions alone cannot induce EM reversal. These results facilitate tuning PE-PE interactions and self-assembly with both coion and counterion valencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Vahid
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Alberto Scacchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tapio Ala-Nissila
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Quantum Technology Finland Center of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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3
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Li H, Lalwani SM, Eneh CI, Braide T, Batys P, Sammalkorpi M, Lutkenhaus JL. A Perspective on the Glass Transition and the Dynamics of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and Complexes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14823-14839. [PMID: 37819874 PMCID: PMC10863056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) or polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), formed by layer-by-layer assembly or the mixing of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (PEs) in aqueous solution, respectively, have potential applications in health, energy, and the environment. PEMs and PECs are very tunable because their structure and properties are influenced by factors such as pH, ionic strength, salt type, humidity, and temperature. Therefore, it is increasingly important to understand how these factors affect PECs and PEMs on a molecular level. In this Feature Article, we summarize our contributions to the field in the development of approaches to quantify the swelling, thermal properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of PEMs and PECs. First, the role of water as a plasticizer and in the glass-transition temperature (Tg) in both strong poly(diallyldimethylammonium)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PDADMA/PSS) and weak poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAH/PAA) systems is presented. Then, factors influencing the dynamics of PECs and PEMs are discussed. We also reflect on the swelling of PEMs in response to different salts and solvent additives. Last, the nature of water's microenvironment in PEMs/PECs is discussed. A special emphasis is placed on experimental techniques, along with molecular simulations. Taken together, this review presents an outlook and offers recommendations for future research directions, such as studying the additional effects of hydrogen-bonding hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Suvesh Manoj Lalwani
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Chikaodinaka I. Eneh
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tamunoemi Braide
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy
Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Academy
of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials
(LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77840, United States
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4
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Yang X, Buyukdagli S, Scacchi A, Sammalkorpi M, Ala-Nissila T. Theoretical and computational analysis of the electrophoretic polymer mobility inversion induced by charge correlations. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:034503. [PMID: 37073074 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.034503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoretic (EP) mobility reversal is commonly observed for strongly charged macromolecules in multivalent salt solutions. This curious effect takes place, e.g., when a charged polymer, such as DNA, adsorbs excess counterions so that the counterion-dressed surface charge reverses its sign, leading to the inversion of the polymer drift driven by an external electric field. In order to characterize this seemingly counterintuitive phenomenon that cannot be captured by electrostatic mean-field theories, we adapt here a previously developed strong-coupling-dressed Poisson-Boltzmann approach to the cylindrical geometry of the polyelectrolyte-salt system. Within the framework of this formalism, we derive an analytical polymer mobility formula dressed by charge correlations. In qualitative agreement with polymer transport experiments, this mobility formula predicts that the increment of the monovalent salt, the decrease of the multivalent counterion valency, and the increase of the dielectric permittivity of the background solvent suppress charge correlations and increase the multivalent bulk counterion concentration required for EP mobility reversal. These results are corroborated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations showing how multivalent counterions induce mobility inversion at dilute concentrations and suppress the inversion effect at large concentrations. This re-entrant behavior, previously observed in the aggregation of like-charged polymer solutions, calls for verification by polymer transport experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P. O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Alberto Scacchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P. O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P. O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P. O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tapio Ala-Nissila
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P. O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Quantum Technology Finland Center of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P. O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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5
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Yang X, Scacchi A, Vahid H, Sammalkorpi M, Ala-Nissila T. Interaction between two polyelectrolytes in monovalent aqueous salt solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21112-21121. [PMID: 36018307 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We use the recently developed soft-potential-enhanced Poisson-Boltzmann (SPB) theory to study the interaction between two parallel polyelectrolytes (PEs) in monovalent ionic solutions in the weak-coupling regime. The SPB theory is fitted to ion distributions from coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and benchmarked against all-atom MD modelling for poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA). We show that the SPB theory is able to accurately capture the interactions between two PEs at distances beyond the PE radius. For PDADMA positional correlations between the charged groups lead to locally asymmetric PE charge and ion distributions. This gives rise to small deviations from the SPB prediction that appear as short-range oscillations in the potential of mean force. Our results suggest that the SPB theory can be an efficient way to model interactions in chemically specific complex PE systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Alberto Scacchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. .,Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.,Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Hossein Vahid
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. .,Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.,Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.,Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tapio Ala-Nissila
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. .,QTF Center of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.,Interdisciplinary Center for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
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6
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Vahid H, Scacchi A, Yang X, Ala-Nissila T, Sammalkorpi M. Modified Poisson–Boltzmann theory for polyelectrolytes in monovalent salt solutions with finite-size ions. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:214906. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0092273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a soft-potential-enhanced Poisson–Boltzmann (SPB) theory to efficiently capture ion distributions and electrostatic potential around rodlike charged macromolecules. The SPB model is calibrated with a coarse-grained particle-based model for polyelectrolytes (PEs) in monovalent salt solutions as well as compared to a full atomistic molecular dynamics simulation with the explicit solvent. We demonstrate that our modification enables the SPB theory to accurately predict monovalent ion distributions around a rodlike PE in a wide range of ion and charge distribution conditions in the weak-coupling regime. These include excess salt concentrations up to 1M and ion sizes ranging from small ions, such as Na+ or Cl−, to softer and larger ions with a size comparable to the PE diameter. The work provides a simple way to implement an enhancement that effectively captures the influence of ion size and species into the PB theory in the context of PEs in aqueous salt solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Vahid
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Alberto Scacchi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Quantum Technology Finland Center of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tapio Ala-Nissila
- Quantum Technology Finland Center of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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7
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Naassaoui I, Aschi A. Influence of temperature and salt on coacervation in an aqueous mixture of poly-L-lysine (PLL) and poly-(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSSNa). EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2021; 50:877-887. [PMID: 34047804 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mixture of poly-L-lysine (PLL) and long-chain PSSNa can lead to the formation of soluble complexes depending on pH, PLL concentration, ionic strength, and temperature. The influence of these stimuli was studied by zetametry, dynamic and ultra-small-angle light scattering, and turbidimetric measurements. First of all, we studied the stoichiometry of complexation, and then considered the influence of salt concentration and temperature on the behavior of the mixture at different pH values. These findings have allowed us to conclude that the polyelectrolyte-polypeptide stoichiometry is controlled by electrostatic interactions between opposite charges. At mass ratios between 1.8 and 2.3 and with net charges close to neutrality, unstable complexes were formed and flocculated due to the hydrophobic attraction leading to macroscopic phase separation. The linear charge density of the complex is also controlled by the ionic strength. Higher CaCl2 concentrations reduce the complex stability and decrease the charge density, which leads to surface patch binding (SPB) at higher pH. Finally, the electrostatic interactions and strength of hydrogen bonds increased the stabilization of the complexes formed at temperatures lower than 45 °C. At temperatures higher than 45 °C, hydrophobic interactions became more dominant, causing a destabilization of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Naassaoui
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR99ES16 Laboratoire Physique de la Matière Molle et de la Modélisation Électromagnétique, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Adel Aschi
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR99ES16 Laboratoire Physique de la Matière Molle et de la Modélisation Électromagnétique, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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8
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Batys P, Morga M, Bonarek P, Sammalkorpi M. pH-Induced Changes in Polypeptide Conformation: Force-Field Comparison with Experimental Validation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2961-2972. [PMID: 32182068 PMCID: PMC7590956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microsecond-long all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, circular dichroism, laser Doppler velocimetry, and dynamic light-scattering techniques have been used to investigate pH-induced changes in the secondary structure, charge, and conformation of poly l-lysine (PLL) and poly l-glutamic acid (PGA). The employed combination of the experimental methods reveals for both PLL and PGA a narrow pH range at which they are charged enough to form stable colloidal suspensions, maintaining their α-helix content above 60%; an elevated charge state of the peptides required for colloidal stability promotes the peptide solvation as a random coil. To obtain a more microscopic view on the conformations and to verify the modeling performance, peptide secondary structure and conformations rising in MD simulations are also examined using three different force fields, i.e., OPLS-AA, CHARMM27, and AMBER99SB*-ILDNP. Ramachandran plots reveal that in the examined setup the α-helix content is systematically overestimated in CHARMM27, while OPLS-AA overestimates the β-sheet fraction at lower ionization degrees. At high ionization degrees, the OPLS-AA force-field-predicted secondary structure fractions match the experimentally measured distribution most closely. However, the pH-induced changes in PLL and PGA secondary structure are reasonably captured only by the AMBER99SB*-ILDNP force field, with the exception of the fully charged PGA in which the α-helix content is overestimated. The comparison to simulations results shows that the examined force fields involve significant deviations in their predictions for charged homopolypeptides. The detailed mapping of secondary structure dependency on pH for the polypeptides, especially finding the stable colloidal α-helical regime for both examined peptides, has significant potential for practical applications of the charged homopolypeptides. The findings raise attention especially to the pH fine tuning as an underappreciated control factor in surface modification and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Batys
- Jerzy
Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Morga
- Jerzy
Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Bonarek
- Department
of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and
Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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9
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Eneh CI, Bolen MJ, Suarez-Martinez PC, Bachmann AL, Zimudzi TJ, Hickner MA, Batys P, Sammalkorpi M, Lutkenhaus JL. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigation of water microenvironments in polyelectrolyte multilayers at varying temperatures. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2291-2300. [PMID: 32043105 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are thin films formed by the alternating deposition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Water plays an important role in influencing the physical properties of PEMs, as it can act both as a plasticizer and swelling agent. However, the way in which water molecules distribute around and hydrate ion pairs has not been fully quantified with respect to both temperature and ionic strength. Here, we examine the effects of temperature and ionic strength on the hydration microenvironments of fully immersed poly(diallyldimethylammonium)/polystyrene sulfonate (PDADMA/PSS) PEMs. This is accomplished by tracking the OD stretch peak using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy at 0.25-1.5 M NaCl and 35-70 °C. The OD stretch peak is deconvoluted into three peaks: (1) high frequency water, which represents a tightly bound microenvironment, (2) low frequency water, which represents a loosely bound microenvironment, and (3) bulk water. In general, the majority of water absorbed into the PEM exists in a bound state, with little-to-no bulk water observed. Increasing temperature slightly reduces the amount of absorbed water, while addition of salt increases the amount of absorbed water. Finally, a van't Hoff analysis is applied to estimate the enthalpy (11-22 kJ mol-1) and entropy (48-79 kJ mol-1 K-1) of water exchanging from low to high frequency states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikaodinaka I Eneh
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA.
| | - Matthew J Bolen
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA.
| | - Pilar C Suarez-Martinez
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA.
| | - Adam L Bachmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Tawanda J Zimudzi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Michael A Hickner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jodie L Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
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10
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Tabujew I, Heidari M, Freidel C, Helm M, Tebbe L, Wolfrum U, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Koynov K, Biehl P, Schacher FH, Potestio R, Peneva K. Tackling the Limitations of Copolymeric Small Interfering RNA Delivery Agents by a Combined Experimental–Computational Approach. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4389-4406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Tabujew
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maziar Heidari
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Freidel
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lars Tebbe
- Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Muellerweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Muellerweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Muellerweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Biehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Raffaello Potestio
- Physics Department, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- INFN-TIFPA, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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11
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Amann M, Diget JS, Lyngsø J, Pedersen JS, Narayanan T, Lund R. Kinetic Pathways for Polyelectrolyte Coacervate Micelle Formation Revealed by Time-Resolved Synchrotron SAXS. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Amann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Stensgaard Diget
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeppe Lyngsø
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Theyencheri Narayanan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Batys P, Kivistö S, Lalwani SM, Lutkenhaus JL, Sammalkorpi M. Comparing water-mediated hydrogen-bonding in different polyelectrolyte complexes. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7823-7831. [PMID: 31524209 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01193e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
All-atom molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the polyelectrolyte-specific influence of hydration and temperature on water diffusion in hydrated polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). Two model PECs were compared: poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)-poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA)-poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The findings show that the strength of the hydrogen bonding i.e. polyelectrolyte water interaction has enormous influence on the water mobility, which has implications for PEC structure and properties. A 10-fold difference in the average water diffusion coefficient between PAH-PSS and PDADMA-PAA PECs at the same hydration level is observed. The vast majority of the water molecules hydrating the PDADMA-PAA PECs, for hydrations in the range of 26-38 wt%, are effectively immobilized, whereas for PAH-PSS PECs the amount of immobilized water decreases with hydration. This points to the polyelectrolyte-specific character of the PE-water hydrogen bonding relationship with temperature. PAA-water hydrogen bonds are found to be significantly less sensitive to temperature than for PSS-water. The polyelectrolyte-water interactions, investigated via radial distribution function, hydrogen bond distance and angle distributions, are connected with resulting structure of the PECs. The PDADMA-PAA and PAH-PSS PECs are prepared experimentally and the states of water at different hydration levels is determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Experiments confirm the differences between PDADMA-PAA and PAH-PSS PECs observed in the theoretical modelling. The results suggest that the initial predictions of the PEC's bonding with water can be based on simple molecular-level considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland.
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13
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Gurtovenko AA. Molecular-Level Insight into the Interactions of DNA/Polycation Complexes with Model Cell Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6505-6514. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Gurtovenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi Prospect V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004 Russia
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14
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Semenyuk P, Muronetz V. Protein Interaction with Charged Macromolecules: From Model Polymers to Unfolded Proteins and Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1252. [PMID: 30871103 PMCID: PMC6429204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of proteins with charged macromolecules is involved in many processes in cells. Firstly, there are many naturally occurred charged polymers such as DNA and RNA, polyphosphates, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, etc., as well as pronouncedly charged proteins such as histones or actin. Electrostatic interactions are also important for "generic" proteins, which are not generally considered as polyanions or polycations. Finally, protein behavior can be altered due to post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, sulfation, and glycation, which change a local charge of the protein region. Herein we review molecular modeling for the investigation of such interactions, from model polyanions and polycations to unfolded proteins. We will show that electrostatic interactions are ubiquitous, and molecular dynamics simulations provide an outstanding opportunity to look inside binding and reveal the contribution of electrostatic interactions. Since a molecular dynamics simulation is only a model, we will comprehensively consider its relationship with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Semenyuk
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Muronetz
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
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15
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Hoffecker IT, Chen S, Gådin A, Bosco A, Teixeira AI, Högberg B. Solution-Controlled Conformational Switching of an Anchored Wireframe DNA Nanostructure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1803628. [PMID: 30516020 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled DNA origami nanostructures have a high degree of programmable spatial control that enables nanoscale molecular manipulations. A surface-tethered, flexible DNA nanomesh is reported herein which spontaneously undergoes sharp, dynamic conformational transitions under physiological conditions. The transitions occur between two major macrostates: a spread state dominated by the interaction between the DNA nanomesh and the BSA/streptavidin surface and a surface-avoiding contracted state. Due to a slow rate of stochastic transition events on the order of tens of minutes, the dynamic conformations of individual structures can be detected in situ with DNA PAINT microscopy. Time series localization data with automated imaging processing to track the dynamically changing radial distribution of structural markers are combined. Conformational distributions of tethered structures in buffers with elevated pH exhibit a calcium-dependent domination of the spread state. This is likely due to electrostatic interactions between the structures and immobilized surface proteins (BSA and streptavidin). An interaction is observed in solution under similar buffer conditions with dynamic light scattering. Exchanging between solutions that promote one or the other state leads to in situ sample-wide transitions between the states. The technique herein can be a useful tool for dynamic control and observation of nanoscale interactions and spatial relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Hoffecker
- Biomaterials, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnvägen 9, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sijie Chen
- Biomaterials, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnvägen 9, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Andreas Gådin
- Biomaterials, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnvägen 9, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Bosco
- Biomaterials, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnvägen 9, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ana I Teixeira
- Biomaterials, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnvägen 9, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Björn Högberg
- Biomaterials, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnvägen 9, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
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16
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Batys P, Zhang Y, Lutkenhaus JL, Sammalkorpi M. Hydration and Temperature Response of Water Mobility in Poly(diallyldimethylammonium)-Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Complexes. Macromolecules 2018; 51:8268-8277. [PMID: 30416210 PMCID: PMC6221370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The combination of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been exploited to investigate the influence of temperature and hydration on the water distribution and mobility in poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) complexes. The findings show that the vast majority of the water molecules hydrating the polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with 18-30 wt % hydration are effectively immobilized due to the strong interactions between the PE charge groups and water. Temperature and hydration were found to decrease similarly the fraction of strongly bound water. Additionally, at low hydration or at low temperatures, water motions become dominantly local vibrations and rotations instead of translational motion; translation dominance is recovered in a similar fashion by increase of both temperature and hydration. DSC experiments corroborate the simulation findings by showing that nonfreezing, bound water dominates in hydrated PECs at comparable hydrations. Our results raise attention to water as an equal variable to temperature in the design and engineering of stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte materials and provide mechanistic explanation for the similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Batys
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems,
School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Yanpu Zhang
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems,
School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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17
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Semenyuk PI, Zhiryakova MV, Izumrudov VA. Supercharged Polyplexes: Full-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experimental Study. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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19
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Batys P, Luukkonen S, Sammalkorpi M. Ability of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation to capture molecular dynamics predicted ion distribution around polyelectrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:24583-24593. [PMID: 28853454 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02547e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we examine polyelectrolyte (PE) and ion chemistry specificity in ion condensation via all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and assess the ability of the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation to describe the ion distribution predicted by the MD simulations. The PB model enables the extraction of parameters characterizing ion condensation. We find that the modified PB equation which contains the effective PE radius and the energy of the ion-specific interaction as empirical fitting parameters describes ion distribution accurately at large distances but close to the PE, especially when strongly localized charge or specific ion binding sites are present, the mean field description of PB fails. However, the PB model captures the MD predicted ion condensation in terms of the Manning radius and fraction of condensed counterions for all the examined PEs and ion species. We show that the condensed ion layer thickness in our MD simulations collapses on a single master curve for all the examined simple, monovalent ions (Na+, Br+, Cs+, Cl-, and Br-) and PEs when plotted against the Manning parameter (and consequently the PE line charge density). The significance of this finding is that, contrary to the Manning radius extracted from the mean field PB model, the condensed layer thickness in the all atom detail MD modelling does not depend on the PE chemistry or counterion type. Furthermore, the fraction of condensed counterions in the MD simulations exceeds the PB theory prediction. The findings contribute toward understanding and modelling ion distribution around PEs and other charged macromolecules in aqueous solutions, such as DNA, functionalized nanotubes, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Batys
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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20
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Antila HS, Van Tassel PR, Sammalkorpi M. Repulsion between oppositely charged rod-shaped macromolecules: Role of overcharging and ionic confinement. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:124901. [PMID: 28964034 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between two oppositely charged rod-shaped macro-ions in a micro-ion solution is investigated via Monte Carlo simulations of the primitive model. The focus is on the asymmetry in rod and/or ion charge, i.e., conditions where oppositely charged objects can repel one another. For equally and oppositely charged rods with asymmetric z:1 micro-ions, repulsion may be induced by overcharging one of the rods with the z valent ions. For asymmetrically charged rods in a symmetric z:z micro-ion solution, a repulsive interaction-at separation of the order of one ion diameter-can arise via an unbalanced osmotic pressure contribution from the ionic atmosphere in the inter-rod space, and an attractive interaction-at a smaller separation-may occur due to a "squeezing out" of the micro-ions from the space between the rods (with a consequent gain in entropy). The thermodynamics of each mechanism is investigated in terms of rod charge and size and micro-ion valence, size, and concentration. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the complex role of charge asymmetry on the interaction of, for example, oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, functionalized nanotubes, and rod-like biomolecules, e.g., viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne S Antila
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Paul R Van Tassel
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, USA
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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21
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Jianlong Z, Congde Q, Weiliang L, Qinze L. Gelation, Network Structure and Properties of Physically Crosslinked Gelatin Gels: Effect of Salt Cation Valence. J MACROMOL SCI B 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2017.1381000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Jianlong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, PR China
| | - Qiao Congde
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, PR China
| | - Liu Weiliang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, PR China
| | - Liu Qinze
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, PR China
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22
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Jiang Y, Sprouse D, Laaser JE, Dhande Y, Reineke TM, Lodge TP. Complexation of Linear DNA and Poly(styrenesulfonate) with Cationic Copolymer Micelles: Effect of Polyanion Flexibility. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:6708-6720. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dustin Sprouse
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Laaser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yogesh Dhande
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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23
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Xu X, Kanduč M, Wu J, Dzubiella J. Potential of mean force and transient states in polyelectrolyte pair complexation. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:034901. [PMID: 27448900 DOI: 10.1063/1.4958675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pair association between two polyelectrolytes (PEs) of the same size but opposite charge is systematically studied in terms of the potential of mean force (PMF) along their center-of-mass reaction coordinate via coarse-grained, implicit-solvent, explicit-salt computer simulations. The focus is set on the onset and the intermediate transient stages of complexation. At conditions above the counterion-condensation threshold, the PE association process exhibits a distinct sliding-rod-like behavior where the polymer chains approach each other by first stretching out at a critical distance close to their contour length, then "shaking hand" and sliding along each other in a parallel fashion, before eventually folding into a neutral complex. The essential part of the PMF for highly charged PEs can be very well described by a simple theory based on sliding charged "Debye-Hückel" rods with renormalized charges in addition to an explicit entropy contribution owing to the release of condensed counterions. Interestingly, at the onset of complex formation, the mean force between the PE chains is found to be discontinuous, reflecting a bimodal structural behavior that arises from the coexistence of interconnected-rod and isolated-coil states. These two microstates of the PE complex are balanced by subtle counterion release effects and separated by a free-energy barrier due to unfavorable stretching entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matej Kanduč
- Institut für Weiche Materie und Funktionale Materialien, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Sing CE. Development of the modern theory of polymeric complex coacervation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:2-16. [PMID: 27161661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oppositely charged polymers can undergo the process of complex coacervation, which refers to a liquid-liquid phase separation driven by electrostatic attraction. These materials have demonstrated considerable promise as the basis for complex, self-assembled materials. In this review, we provide a broad overview of the theoretical tools used to understand the physical properties of polymeric coacervates. In particular, we discuss historic theories (Voorn-Overbeek, Random Phase Approximation), and then describe recent developments in the field (Field Theoretic, Counterion Release, Molecular Simulation, and Polymer Reference Interaction Site Model methods). We provide context for these methods, and map out the patchwork of theoretical models that are used to describe a diverse array of coacervate systems. We use this review of the literature to clarify a number of important theoretical challenges remaining in our physical understanding of complex coacervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL, 61801, United States.
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25
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Antila HS, Lutkenhaus JL, Sammalkorpi M. Role of Salt and Water in the Plasticization of PDAC/PSS Polyelectrolyte Assemblies. J Phys Chem B 2016; 121:322-333. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanpu Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hanne S. Antila
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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26
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL USA
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27
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Abhyankar N, Ghoussoub YE, Wang Q, Dalal NS, Schlenoff JB. Ion Environments in Mn2+-Doped Polyelectrolyte Complexes: Dilute Magnetic Saloplastics. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:6771-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Abhyankar
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Yara E. Ghoussoub
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Naresh S. Dalal
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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28
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Kondinskaia DA, Kostritskii AY, Nesterenko AM, Antipina AY, Gurtovenko AA. Atomic-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations of DNA-Polycation Complexes: Two Distinct Binding Patterns. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:6546-54. [PMID: 27280954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cationic polymers represent a promising class of delivery vectors for gene therapy. Here, we employ atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to gain insight into the structure and properties of complexes of DNA with four linear polycations: polyethylenimine (PEI), poly-l-lysine (PLL), polyvinylamine (PVA), and polyallylamine (PAA). These polycations differ in their polymer geometries, protonation states, and hydrophobicities of their backbone chains. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time the existence of two distinct patterns of binding of DNA with polycations. For PEI, PLL, and PAA, the complex is stabilized by the electrostatic attraction between protonated amine groups of the polycation and phosphate groups of DNA. In contrast, PVA demonstrates an alternative binding pattern as it gets embedded into the DNA major groove. It is likely that both the polymer topology and affinity of the backbone chain of PVA to the DNA groove are responsible for such behavior. The differences in binding patterns can have important biomedical implications: embedding PVA into a DNA groove makes it less sensitive to changes in the aqueous environment (pH level, ionic strength, etc.) and could therefore hinder the intracellular release of genetic material from a delivery vector, leading to lower transfection activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Kondinskaia
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str. 3, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Andrei Yu Kostritskii
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str. 3, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Alexey M Nesterenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1/40, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexandra Yu Antipina
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str. 3, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Andrey A Gurtovenko
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str. 3, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia.,Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences , Bolshoi Prospect V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
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29
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Garay AS, Rodrigues DE, Fuselli A, Martino DM, Passeggi MCG. First Steps in the Aggregation Process of Copolymers Based on Thymine Monomers: Characterization by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Atomic Force Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3414-24. [PMID: 26991880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic molecular dynamic simulations were performed to study the structure of isolated VBT-VBA (vinylbenzylthymine-vinylbenzyltriethylammonium chloride) copolymer chains in water at different monomeric species ratios (1:1 and 1:4). The geometric parameters of the structure that the copolymers form in equilibrium together with the basic interactions that stabilize them were determined. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of dried diluted concentrations of the two copolymers onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates were carried out to study their aggregation arrangement. The experiments show that both copolymers arrange in fiber-like structures. Comparing the diameters predicted by the simulation results and those obtained by AFM, it can be concluded that individual copolymers arrange in bunches of two chains, stabilized by contra-ions-copolymer interactions for the 1:1 copolymerization ratio at the ionic strength of our samples. In contrast, for the 1:4 system the individual copolymer chains do not aggregate in bunches. These results remark the relevance of the copolymerization ratio and ionic strength of the solvent in the mesoscopic structure of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sergio Garay
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, C.C. 242, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) , S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel E Rodrigues
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, C.C. 242, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) , S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Antonela Fuselli
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, C.C. 242, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) , S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Mario C G Passeggi
- Departamento de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) , Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM Santa Fe, Argentina
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Zhang Y, Yildirim E, Antila HS, Valenzuela LD, Sammalkorpi M, Lutkenhaus JL. The influence of ionic strength and mixing ratio on the colloidal stability of PDAC/PSS polyelectrolyte complexes. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:7392-401. [PMID: 26268471 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) form by mixing polycation and polyanion solutions together, and have been explored for a variety of applications. One challenge for PEC processing and application is that under certain conditions the as-formed PECs aggregate and precipitate out of suspension over the course of minutes to days. This aggregation is governed by several factors such as electrostatic repulsion, van der Waals attractions, and hydrophobic interactions. In this work, we explore the boundary between colloidally stable and unstable complexes as it is influenced by polycation/polyanion mixing ratio and ionic strength. The polymers examined are poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). Physical properties such as turbidity, hydrodynamic size, and zeta potential are investigated upon complex formation. We also perform detailed molecular dynamics simulations to examine the structure and effective charge distribution of the PECs at varying mixing ratios and salt concentrations to support the experimental findings. The results suggest that the colloidally stable/unstable boundary possibly marks the screening effects from added salt, resulting in weakly charged complexes that aggregate. At higher salt concentrations, the complexes initially form and then gradually dissolve into solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpu Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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31
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Antila HS, Härkönen M, Sammalkorpi M. Chemistry specificity of DNA-polycation complex salt response: a simulation study of DNA, polylysine and polyethyleneimine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:5279-89. [PMID: 25607687 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04967e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the chemistry specific stability determining factors of DNA-polycation complexes are examined by performing all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. To this end, we conduct a systematic variation of polycation line charge through polyethyleneimine (PEI) protonation and polycation chemistry via comparison with poly-l-lysine (PLL). Our simulations show that increasing line charge of the polycation alone does not lead to more salt tolerant complexes. Instead, the effective charge compensation by the polycation correlates with the increased stability of the complex against additional salt. The salt stability of PEI-DNA complexes also links to the proton sponge property of weak polycations, commonly assumed to be behind the effectivity of PEI as a gene delivery vector. Examination of the complexes reveals the mechanism behind this behaviour; more Cl(-) ions are attracted by the protonated complexes but, in contrast to the common depiction of the proton sponge behaviour, the ion influx does not cause swelling of the complex structure itself. However, PEI protonation leads to release of PEI while DNA remains tightly bound to the complex. Jointly, these findings shed light on the stability determining factors of DNA-polycation complexes, raise charge distribution as an important stability determining contributor, and indicate that the effectivity of PEI in gene delivery is likely to result from the freed PEI facilitating gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne S Antila
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
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32
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Buyukdagli S, Ala-Nissila T. Controlling polymer translocation and ion transport via charge correlations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12907-15. [PMID: 25310861 DOI: 10.1021/la503327j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We develop a correlation-corrected transport theory in order to predict ionic and polymer transport properties of membrane nanopores under physical conditions where mean-field electrostatics breaks down. The experimentally observed low KCl conductivity of open α-hemolysin pores is quantitatively explained by the presence of surface polarization effects. Upon the penetration of a DNA molecule into the pore, these polarization forces combined with the electroneutrality of DNA sets a lower boundary for the ionic current, explaining the weak salt dependence of blocked pore conductivities at dilute ion concentrations. The addition of multivalent counterions to the solution results in the reversal of the polymer charge and the direction of the electroosmotic flow. With trivalent spermidine or quadrivalent spermine molecules, the charge inversion is strong enough to stop the translocation of the polymer and to reverse its motion. This mechanism can be used efficiently in translocation experiments in order to improve the accuracy of DNA sequencing by minimizing the translocation velocity of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Buyukdagli
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire USR3078 CNRS and Université Lille I , Parc de la Haute Borne, 52 Avenue de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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