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McCandler CA, Pihlajamäki A, Malola S, Häkkinen H, Persson KA. Gold-Thiolate Nanocluster Dynamics and Intercluster Reactions Enabled by a Machine Learned Interatomic Potential. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38986022 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Monolayer protected metal clusters comprise a rich class of molecular systems and are promising candidate materials for a variety of applications. While a growing number of protected nanoclusters have been synthesized and characterized in crystalline forms, their dynamical behavior in solution, including prenucleation cluster formation, is not well understood due to limitations both in characterization and first-principles modeling techniques. Recent advancements in machine-learned interatomic potentials are rapidly enabling the study of complex interactions such as dynamical behavior and reactivity on the nanoscale. Here, we develop an Au-S-C-H atomic cluster expansion (ACE) interatomic potential for efficient and accurate molecular dynamics simulations of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (Aun(SCH3)m). Trained on more than 30,000 density functional theory calculations of gold nanoclusters, the interatomic potential exhibits ab initio level accuracy in energies and forces and replicates nanocluster dynamics including thermal vibration and chiral inversion. Long dynamics simulations (up to 0.1 μs time scale) reveal a mechanism explaining the thermal instability of neutral Au25(SR)18 clusters. Specifically, we observe multiple stages of isomerization of the Au25(SR)18 cluster, including a chiral isomer. Additionally, we simulate coalescence of two Au25(SR)18 clusters and observe series of clusters where the formation mechanisms are critically mediated by ligand exchange in the form of [Au-S]n rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A McCandler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Antti Pihlajamäki
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Malola
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Kawawaki T, Negishi Y. Elucidation of the electronic structures of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters by electrochemical measurements. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15152-15167. [PMID: 37712891 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02005c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with sizes of approximately 2 nm or less have different physical/chemical properties from those of the bulk metals owing to quantum size effects. Metal NCs, which can be size-controlled and heterometal doped at atomic accuracy, are expected to be the next generation of important materials, and new metal NCs are reported regularly. However, compared with conventional materials such as metal complexes and relatively large metal nanoparticles (>2 nm), these metal NCs are still underdeveloped in terms of evaluation and establishment of application methods. Electrochemical measurements are one of the most widely used methods for synthesis, application, and characterisation of metal NCs. This review summarizes the basic knowledge of the electrochemistry and experimental techniques, and provides examples of the reported electronic states of thiolate-protected gold NCs elucidated by electrochemical approaches. It is expected that this review will provide useful information for researchers starting to study metal NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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3
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Wang E, Ding J, Han W, Luan S. Structural Prediction of Anion Thiolate Protected Gold Clusters of [Au 28+7n(SR) 17+3n] − (n = 0-4). J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural prediction of thiolate-protected gold nanocluster (AuNCs) with diverse charge states can enrich the understanding of this species. Till now, most expementally synthesized or theoretically predicted AuNCs structures own neutral total charge. In this work, a series of gold nanoclusters with negative total charge including [Au28(SR)17]−, [Au35(SR)20]−, [Au42(SR)23]−, [Au49(SR)26]−, and [Au56(SR)29]− are designed. Following crystallized [Au23(SR)16]- prototype structure, the inner core of the newly predicted clusters are obtained through packing crossed Au7. Next, proper protecting thiolate ligands are arranged to fullfil the duet rule to obtain Au3(2e) and Au4(2e). Extensive analysis indicates these cluster own high stabilities. Molecular orbital analysis shows that the orbitals for the populations of the valence electron locate at each Au3(2e) and Au4(2e), which demonstrates the reliability the GUM model. This work should be helpful for enriching the structural diversity of AuNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, China
| | - Junxia Ding
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | - Shixia Luan
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Wang E, Gao Y. Elucidating the stabilities and properties of the thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters with detaching the staple motifs. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:044302. [PMID: 34340381 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) have been widely studied in areas of catalysis, biosensors, and bioengineering. In real applications, e.g., catalytic reactions, the thiolate groups are normally partially detached. However, which of the thiolate groups are easily detached and how the detachment of the ligands affects the geometries and electronic structures of the Au nanoclusters have been rarely studied. In this work, we employed the density functional theory calculations as well as the molecular orbital analysis to explore the detachment effect of the ligands using nine thiolate-protected AuNCs as examples. Our results showed that there existed a nearly linear relationship between the averaged detachment energies and the numbers of Au atoms in the motifs. Detaching longer motifs normally required more energies owing to the stronger aurophilic effects. For detaching a full motif, based on the structure decomposition via the grand unified model, analysis on the inner Au core indicated that the change in Au-Au bond length was more sensitive for the inter-block compared to the intra-block. The detachment of the -SH fragment generally needs less energy and brings less structural deformations when compared to the removal of a full motif. Molecular orbital analysis showed that the relative energies of the HOMO orbitals were elevated, which led to the narrow down of the HOMO-LUMO gap. This work provides a primary description of the correlation of the ligands' detachment with the relative stabilities and structures of the AuNCs, which would be beneficial for establishing the structure-property relationship of AuNCs in real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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5
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Zhang B, Chen J, Cao Y, Chai OJH, Xie J. Ligand Design in Ligand-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004381. [PMID: 33511773 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of surface ligands is crucial for ligand-protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs). Besides providing good protection for Au NCs, the surface ligands also play the following two important roles: i) as the outermost layer of Au NCs, the ligands will directly interact with the exterior environment (e.g., solvents, molecules and cells) influencing Au NCs in various applications; and ii) the interfacial chemistry between ligands and gold atoms can determine the structures, as well as the physical and chemical properties of Au NCs. A delicate ligand design in Au NCs (or other metal NCs) needs to consider the covalent bonds between ligands and gold atoms (e.g., gold-sulfur (Au-S) and gold-phosphorus (Au-P) bond), the physics forces between ligands (e.g., hydrophobic and van der Waals forces), and the ionic forces between the functional groups of ligands (e.g., carboxylic (COOH) and amine group (NH2 )); which form the underlying chemistry and discussion focus of this review article. Here, detailed discussions on the effects of surface ligands (e.g., thiolate, phosphine, and alkynyl ligands; or hydrophobic and hydrophilic ligands) on the synthesis, structures, and properties of Au NCs; highlighting the design principles in the surface engineering of Au NCs for diverse emerging applications, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Zhang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
| | - Jishi Chen
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yitao Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Osburg Jin Huang Chai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Sakthivel NA, Jupally VR, Eswaramoorthy SK, Wijesinghe KH, Nimmala PR, Kumara C, Rambukwella M, Jones T, Dass A. Size Exclusion Chromatography: An Indispensable Tool for the Isolation of Monodisperse Gold Nanomolecules. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3987-3996. [PMID: 33606508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly monodisperse and pure samples of atomically precise gold nanomolecules (AuNMs) are essential to understand their properties and to develop applications using them. Unfortunately, the synthetic protocols that yield a single-sized nanomolecule in a single-step reaction are unavailable. Instead, we observe a polydisperse product with a mixture of core sizes. This product requires post-synthetic reactions and separation techniques to isolate pure nanomolecules. Solvent fractionation based on the varying solubility of different sizes serves well to a certain extent in isolating pure compounds. It becomes tedious and offers less control while separating AuNMs that are very similar in size. Here, we report the versatile and the indispensable nature of using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) as a tool for separating nanomolecules and nanoparticles. We have demonstrated the following: (1) the ease of separation offered by SEC over solvent fractionation; (2) the separation of a wider size range (∼5-200 kDa or ∼1-3 nm) and larger-scale separation (20-100 mg per load); (3) the separation of closely sized AuNMs, demonstrated by purifying Au137(SR)56 from a mixture of Au329(SR)84, Au144(SR)60, Au137(SR)56, and Au130(SR)50, which could not be achieved using solvent fractionation; (4) the separation of AuNMs protected by different thiolate ligands (aliphatic, aromatic, and bulky); and (5) the separation can be improved by increasing the column length. Mass spectrometry was used for analyzing the SEC fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Vijay Reddy Jupally
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Senthil Kumar Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Kalpani Hirunika Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Praneeth Reddy Nimmala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Chanaka Kumara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Milan Rambukwella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Tanya Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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7
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Li Y, Higaki T, Du X, Jin R. Chirality and Surface Bonding Correlation in Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905488. [PMID: 32181554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and occurs at all length scales. The development of applications for chiral nanostructures is rising rapidly. With the recent achievements of atomically precise nanochemistry, total structures of ligand-protected Au and other metal nanoclusters (NCs) are successfully obtained, and the origins of chirality are discovered to be associated with different parts of the cluster, including the surface ligands (e.g., swirl patterns), the organic-inorganic interface (e.g., helical stripes), and the kernel. Herein, a unified picture of metal-ligand surface bonding-induced chirality for the nanoclusters is proposed. The different bonding modes of M-X (where M = metal and X = the binding atom of ligand) lead to different surface structures on nanoclusters, which in turn give rise to various characteristic features of chirality. A comparison of Au-thiolate NCs with Au-phosphine ones further reveals the important roles of surface bonding. Compared to the Au-thiolate NCs, the Ag/Cu/Cd-thiolate systems exhibit different coordination modes between the metal and the thiolate. Other than thiolate and phosphine ligands, alkynyls are also briefly discussed. Several methods of obtaining chiroptically active nanoclusters are introduced, such as enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography and enantioselective synthesis. Future perspectives on chiral NCs are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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8
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Kang X, Li Y, Zhu M, Jin R. Atomically precise alloy nanoclusters: syntheses, structures, and properties. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6443-6514. [PMID: 32760953 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters fill the gap between discrete atoms and plasmonic nanoparticles, providing unique opportunities for investigating the quantum effects and precise structure-property correlations at the atomic level. As a versatile strategy, alloying can largely improve the physicochemical performances compared to the corresponding homo-metal nanoclusters, and thus benefit the applications of such nanomaterials. In this review, we highlight the achievements of atomically precise alloy nanoclusters, and summarize the alloying principles and fundamentals, including the synthetic methods, site-preferences for different heteroatoms in the templates, and alloying-induced structure and property changes. First, based on various Au or Ag nanocluster templates, heteroatom doping modes are presented. The templates with electronic shell-closing configurations tend to maintain their structures during doping, while the others may undergo transformation and give rise to alloy nanoclusters with new structures. Second, alloy nanoclusters of specific magic sizes are reviewed. The arrangement of different atoms is related to the symmetry of the structures; that is, different atoms are symmetrically located in the nanoclusters of smaller sizes, and evolve into shell-by-shell structures at larger sizes. Then, we elaborate on the alloying effects in terms of optical, electrochemical, electroluminescent, magnetic and chiral properties, as well as the stability and reactivity via comparisons between the doped nanoclusters and their homo-metal counterparts. For example, central heteroatom-induced photoluminescence enhancement is emphasized. The applications of alloy nanoclusters in catalysis, chemical sensing, bio-labeling, and other fields are further discussed. Finally, we provide perspectives on existing issues and future efforts. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive synthetic toolbox and controllable doping modes so as to achieve more alloy nanoclusters with customized compositions, structures, and properties for applications. This review is based on publications available up to February 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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9
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Shi Q, Qin Z, Yu C, Liu S, Xu H, Li G. Pyridine as a trigger in transformation chemistry from Au 144(SR) 60 to aromatic thiolate-ligated gold clusters. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4982-4987. [PMID: 32057063 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transformation chemistry is a systematic methodology for achieving new atomically precise gold nanoclusters with specific physical and chemical properties. In this work, we have developed a new synthetic approach to prepare an aromatic thiolate-capped Au38(SNap)24 nanocluster via ligand exchange, size and structure transformation from the aliphatic thiolate-capped Au144(SC6H13)60 parent clusters triggered by the addition of a pyridine additive in the presence of excess 2-naphthalenethiol at thermal conditions (80 °C for 6 h). The Au38(SNap)24 nanoclusters have been well characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The transformation pathway from Au144(SC6H13)60 to Au36(SNap)24 and Au38(SNap)24 undergoes different conversion pathways tailored by the pyridine additive in the etching system. Furthermore, the catalytic activity and selectivity of the Au cluster are largely influenced by the chemical nature of the protecting thiolate ligands in the Ullmann hetero-coupling reaction of iodobenzene and nitroiodobenzene. The aromatic ligands result in not only higher conversion but also remarkable increase in the selectivity toward the hetero-coupling product. The study provides new hints for the design and synthesis of new gold nanoclusters in transformation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Shi
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhaoxian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Changlin Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Guangdong Province, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Gao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Weerawardene KLDM, Pandeya P, Zhou M, Chen Y, Jin R, Aikens CM. Luminescence and Electron Dynamics in Atomically Precise Nanoclusters with Eight Superatomic Electrons. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18715-18726. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratima Pandeya
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Christine M. Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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11
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Kuda-Singappulige GU, Aikens CM. Geometrical and Electronic Structure, Stability, and Optical Absorption Spectra Comparisons between Thiolate- and Chloride-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9712-9720. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine M. Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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12
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Tian Z, Xu Y, Cheng L. New Perspectives on the Electronic and Geometric Structure of Au 70S 20(PPh 3) 12 Cluster: Superatomic-Network Core Protected by Novel Au 12(µ 3-S) 10 Staple Motifs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1132. [PMID: 31390811 PMCID: PMC6722785 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase the understanding of the recently synthesized Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster, we used the divide and protect concept and superatom network model (SAN) to study the electronic and geometric of the cluster. According to the experimental coordinates of the cluster, the study of Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster was carried out using density functional theory calculations. Based on the superatom complex (SAC) model, the number of the valence electrons of the cluster is 30. It is not the number of valence electrons satisfied for a magic cluster. According to the concept of divide and protect, Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster can be viewed as Au-core protected by various staple motifs. On the basis of SAN model, the Au-core is composed of a union of 2e-superatoms, and 2e-superatoms can be Au3, Au4, Au5, or Au6. Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster should contain fifteen 2e-superatoms on the basis of SAN model. On analyzing the chemical bonding features of Au70S20(PPh3)12, we showed that the electronic structure of it has a network of fifteen 2e-superatoms, abbreviated as 15 × 2e SAN. On the basis of the divide and protect concept, Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster can be viewed as Au4616+[Au12(µ3-S)108-]2[PPh3]12. The Au4616+ core is composed of one Au2212+ innermost core and ten surrounding 2e-Au4 superatoms. The Au2212+ innermost core can either be viewed as a network of five 2e-Au6 superatoms, or be considered as a 10e-superatomic molecule. This new segmentation method can properly explain the structure and stability of Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster. A novel extended staple motif [Au12(µ3-S)10]8- was discovered, which is a half-cage with ten µ3-S units and six teeth. The six teeth staple motif enriches the family of staple motifs in ligand-protected Au clusters. Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster derives its stability from SAN model and aurophilic interactions. Inspired by the half-cage motif, we design three core-in-cage clusters with cage staple motifs, Cu6@Au12(μ3-S)8, Ag6@Au12(μ3-S)8 and Au6@Au12(μ3-S)8, which exhibit high thermostability and may be synthesized in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
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Niihori Y, Yoshida K, Hossain S, Kurashige W, Negishi Y. Deepening the Understanding of Thiolate-Protected Metal Clusters Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kana Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Kurashige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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14
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15
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Li Y, Luo TY, Zhou M, Song Y, Rosi NL, Jin R. A Correlated Series of Au/Ag Nanoclusters Revealing the Evolutionary Patterns of Asymmetric Ag Doping. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14235-14243. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tian-Yi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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16
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Xu L, Zhang WB. The pursuit of precision in macromolecular science: Concepts, trends, and perspectives. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Li Y, Chen Y, House SD, Zhao S, Wahab Z, Yang JC, Jin R. Interface Engineering of Gold Nanoclusters for CO Oxidation Catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29425-29434. [PMID: 30091579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts based on atomically precise gold nanoclusters serve as an ideal model to relate the catalytic activity to the geometrical and electronic structures as well as the ligand effect. Herein, we investigate three series of ligand (thiolate)-protected gold nanoclusters, including Au38(SR)24, Au36(SR')24, and Au25(SR″)18, with a focus on their interface effects using carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation as a probe reaction. The first comparison is within each series, which reveals the same trend for the three series that, rather than the bulkiness of carbon tails as commonly thought, the steric hindrance of ligands at the interface between the thiolate, Au, and CeO2 inhibits CO adsorption onto Au sites and hence adversely affects the activity of CO oxidation. The second comparison is between the sets Au38(SR)24 and Au36(SR')24 of nearly the same size, which reveals that the Au36(SR')24 nanoclusters (with face centered cubic structure) are not sensitive to thermal pretreatment conditions, whereas the Au38(SR)24 catalysts (icosahedral structure) are and an optimum activity is observed at a pretreatment temperature of 150 °C. Overall, the atomically precise Au n(SR) m nanoclusters have revealed unprecedented details on the catalytic interface and atomic structure effects. It is hoped that such insights will benefit the ultimate goal of catalysis in future design of enzymelike catalysts for environmentally friendly green catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Stephen D House
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and Physics , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Zahid Wahab
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Kohat University of Science and Technology , Kohat District 26000 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Judith C Yang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and Physics , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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18
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Rambukwella M, Sakthivel NA, Delcamp JH, Sementa L, Fortunelli A, Dass A. Ligand Structure Determines Nanoparticles' Atomic Structure, Metal-Ligand Interface and Properties. Front Chem 2018; 6:330. [PMID: 30131953 PMCID: PMC6090168 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the ligands dictates the composition, molecular formulae, atomic structure and the physical properties of thiolate protected gold nanomolecules, Aun(SR)m. In this review, we describe the ligand effect for three classes of thiols namely, aliphatic, AL or aliphatic-like, aromatic, AR, or bulky, BU thiol ligands. The ligand effect is demonstrated using three experimental setups namely: (1) The nanomolecule series obtained by direct synthesis using AL, AR, and BU ligands; (2) Molecular conversion and interconversion between Au38(S-AL)24, Au36(S-AR)24, and Au30(S-BU)18 nanomolecules; and (3) Synthesis of Au38, Au36, and Au30 nanomolecules from one precursor Aun(S-glutathione)m upon reacting with AL, AR, and BU ligands. These nanomolecules possess unique geometric core structure, metal-ligand staple interface, optical and electrochemical properties. The results unequivocally demonstrate that the ligand structure determines the nanomolecules' atomic structure, metal-ligand interface and properties. The direct synthesis approach reveals that AL, AR, and BU ligands form nanomolecules with unique atomic structure and composition. Similarly, the nature of the ligand plays a pivotal role and has a significant impact on the passivated systems such as metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Computational analysis demonstrates and predicts the thermodynamic stability of gold nanomolecules and the importance of ligand-ligand interactions that clearly stands out as a determining factor, especially for species with AL ligands such as Au38(S-AL)24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Rambukwella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM and IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
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19
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Sun X, Wang P, Xiong L, Pei Y. Theoretical prediction of a new stable structure of Au 28 (SR) 20 cluster. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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20
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Kang X, Chong H, Zhu M. Au 25(SR) 18: the captain of the great nanocluster ship. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10758-10834. [PMID: 29873658 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoclusters are in the intermediate state between discrete atoms and plasmonic nanoparticles and are of significance due to their atomically accurate structures, intriguing properties, and great potential for applications in various fields. In addition, the size-dependent properties of nanoclusters construct a platform for thoroughly researching the structure (composition)-property correlations, which is favorable for obtaining novel nanomaterials with enhanced physicochemical properties. Thus far, more than 100 species of nanoclusters (mono-metallic Au or Ag nanoclusters, and bi- or tri-metallic alloy nanoclusters) with crystal structures have been reported. Among these nanoclusters, Au25(SR)18-the brightest molecular star in the nanocluster field-is capable of revealing the past developments and prospecting the future of the nanoclusters. Since being successfully synthesized (in 1998, with a 20-year history) and structurally determined (in 2008, with a 10-year history), Au25(SR)18 has stimulated the interest of chemists as well as material scientists, due to the early discovery, easy preparation, high stability, and easy functionalization and application of this molecular star. In this review, the preparation methods, crystal structures, physicochemical properties, and practical applications of Au25(SR)18 are summarized. The properties of Au25(SR)18 range from optics and chirality to magnetism and electrochemistry, and the property-oriented applications include catalysis, chemical imaging, sensing, biological labeling, biomedicine and beyond. Furthermore, the research progress on the Ag-based M25(SR)18 counterpart (i.e., Ag25(SR)18) is included in this review due to its homologous composition, construction and optical absorption to its gold-counterpart Au25(SR)18. Moreover, the alloying methods, metal-exchange sites and property alternations based on the templated Au25(SR)18 are highlighted. Finally, some perspectives and challenges for the future research of the Au25(SR)18 nanocluster are proposed (also holding true for all members in the nanocluster field). This review is directed toward the broader scientific community interested in the metal nanocluster field, and hopefully opens up new horizons for scientists studying nanomaterials. This review is based on the publications available up to March 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology and AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
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21
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Wang P, Sun X, Liu X, Xiong L, Ma Z, Wang Y, Pei Y. A revisit to the structure of Au 20(SCH 2CH 2Ph) 16: a cubic nanocrystal-like gold kernel. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10357-10364. [PMID: 29796459 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00995c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Coinage metal clusters stabilized by organic ligands such as phosphine or organothiolate are well known to possess multi-twinned gold cores, and the face-centered-cubic (fcc) metal atom packing is unstable until the cluster size reaches a certain threshold. In this study, we searched for the smallest size gold nanocrystal protected by thiolate ligands by means of the crystal facet cleavage (CFC) method. Starting from the nanocrystal-like Au28(SR)20 cluster, after cleaving two different crystal facets and patching the ligand shells, we obtained five nanocrystal-like Au20(SR)16 isomers. These fcc-structured Au20 clusters were quite different from non-fcc Au20(SPh-tBu)16; the latter's total structure was determined by single X-ray diffraction. By employing dispersion correction density functional theory (DFT-D) calculations and considering ligand effects, we found that fcc-structured Au20(SR)16 isomers had comparable or even lower energies when compared with the non-fcc structure found in Au20(SPh-tBu)16. Furthermore, the calculation of optical absorption spectra based on predicted fcc isomers indicated that the cubic nanocrystal-like isomer structure is a good candidate to understand the structure of the Au20(SCH2CH2Ph)16 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China.
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22
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Sugiuchi M, Shichibu Y, Konishi K. An Inherently Chiral Au24
Framework with Double-Helical Hexagold Strands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Sugiuchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science; Hokkaido University; North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Yukatsu Shichibu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science; Hokkaido University; North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science; Hokkaido University; North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Katsuaki Konishi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science; Hokkaido University; North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science; Hokkaido University; North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
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23
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Sugiuchi M, Shichibu Y, Konishi K. An Inherently Chiral Au24
Framework with Double-Helical Hexagold Strands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7855-7859. [PMID: 29719106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Sugiuchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science; Hokkaido University; North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Yukatsu Shichibu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science; Hokkaido University; North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science; Hokkaido University; North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Katsuaki Konishi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science; Hokkaido University; North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science; Hokkaido University; North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
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24
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Ma M, Liu L, Zhu H, Lu J, Tan G. Structural evolution and properties of small-size thiol-protected gold nanoclusters. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1457804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ma
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liren Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengjiang Zhu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Luminescence Materials and Micro structures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junzhe Lu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Luminescence Materials and Micro structures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiping Tan
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Weerawardene KLDM, Häkkinen H, Aikens CM. Connections Between Theory and Experiment for Gold and Silver Nanoclusters. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2018; 69:205-229. [PMID: 29490202 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles are of tremendous current interest in sensing, catalysis, and energy applications. Experimental and theoretical studies have closely interacted to elucidate properties such as the geometric and electronic structures of these fascinating systems. In this review, the interplay between theory and experiment is described; areas such as optical absorption and doping, where the theory-experiment connections are well established, are discussed in detail; and the current status of these connections in newer fields of study, such as luminescence, transient absorption, and the effects of solvent and the surrounding environment, are highlighted. Close communication between theory and experiment has been extremely valuable for developing an understanding of these nanocluster systems in the past decade and will undoubtedly continue to play a major role in future years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA;
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26
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Rao B, Zhao T, Yang S, Chai J, Pan Y, Weng S, Yu H, Li X, Zhu M. X-ray crystal structure and doping mechanism of bimetallic nanocluster Au36−xCux(m-MBT)24(x= 1–3). Dalton Trans 2018; 47:475-480. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02959d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combined experimental and theoretical methods have been used to explore the doping preference of Cu atoms in novel Au36−xCux(m-MBT)24(x= 1–3) nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Yiting Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Shiyin Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
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27
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Sakthivel NA, Theivendran S, Ganeshraj V, Oliver AG, Dass A. Crystal Structure of Faradaurate-279: Au279(SPh-tBu)84 Plasmonic Nanocrystal Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15450-15459. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shevanuja Theivendran
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Vigneshraja Ganeshraj
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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28
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Theivendran S, Dass A. Synthesis of Aromatic Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanomolecules by Core Conversion: The Case of Au 36(SPh-tBu) 24. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7446-7451. [PMID: 28715219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanomolecules (<2 nm) such as Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18, Au38(SCH2CH2Ph)24, and Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)60 are well studied and can be prepared using established synthetic procedures. No such synthetic protocols that result in high yield products from commercially available starting materials exist for Au36(SPh-X)24. Here, we report a synthetic procedure for the large-scale synthesis of highly stable Au36(SPh-X)24 with a yield of ∼42%. Au36(SPh-X)24 was conveniently synthesized by using tert-butylbenzenethiol (HSPh-tBu, TBBT) as the ligand, giving a more stable product with better shelf life and higher yield than previously reported for making Au36(SPh)24 from thiophenol (PhSH). The choice of thiol, solvent, and reaction conditions were modified for the optimization of the synthetic procedure. The purposes of this work are to (1) optimize the existing procedure to obtain stable product with better yield, (2) develop a scalable synthetic procedure, (3) demonstrate the superior stability of Au36(SPh-tBu)24 when compared to Au36(SPh)24, and (4) demonstrate the reproducibility and robustness of the optimized synthetic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shevanuja Theivendran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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29
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Ma Z, Wang P, Xiong L, Pei Y. Thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters: structural prediction and the understandings of electronic stability from first principles simulations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
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30
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Rambukwella M, Burrage S, Neubrander M, Baseggio O, Aprà E, Stener M, Fortunelli A, Dass A. Au 38(SPh) 24: Au 38 Protected with Aromatic Thiolate Ligands. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1530-1537. [PMID: 28323431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Au38(SR)24 is one of the most extensively investigated gold nanomolecules along with Au25(SR)18 and Au144(SR)60. However, so far it has only been prepared using aliphatic-like ligands, where R = -SC6H13, -SC12H25 and -SCH2CH2Ph. Au38(SCH2CH2Ph)24 when reacted with HSPh undergoes core-size conversion to Au36(SPh)24, and existing literature suggests that Au38(SPh)24 cannot be synthesized. Here, contrary to prevailing knowledge, we demonstrate that Au38(SPh)24 can be prepared if the ligand exchanged conditions are optimized, under delicate conditions, without any formation of Au36(SPh)24. Conclusive evidence is presented in the form of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS) characterization, and optical spectra of Au38(SPh)24 in a solid glass form showing distinct differences from that of Au38(S-aliphatic)24. Theoretical analysis confirms experimental assignment of the optical spectrum and shows that the stability of Au38(SPh)24 is not negligible with respect to that of its aliphatic analogous, and contains a significant component of ligand-ligand attractive interactions. Thus, while Au38(SPh)24 is stable at RT, it converts to Au36(SPh)24 either on prolonged etching (longer than 2 hours) at RT or when etched at 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Rambukwella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shayna Burrage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Marie Neubrander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Oscar Baseggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , Trieste I-34127, Italy
| | - Edoardo Aprà
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , Trieste I-34127, Italy
| | | | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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31
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Kang X, Silalai C, Lv Y, Sun G, Chen S, Yu H, Xu F, Zhu M. Au15Ag3(SPhMe2)14Nanoclusters - Crystal Structure and Insights into Ligand-Induced Variation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials; Anhui University; 230601 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Chantiem Silalai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials; Anhui University; 230601 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials; Anhui University; 230601 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials; Anhui University; 230601 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials; Anhui University; 230601 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials; Anhui University; 230601 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Fengqing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials; Anhui University; 230601 Hefei Anhui China
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; 230012 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials; Anhui University; 230601 Hefei Anhui China
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32
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33
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Hu G, Jin R, Jiang DE. Beyond the staple motif: a new order at the thiolate-gold interface. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:20103-20110. [PMID: 27897301 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07709a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Staple motifs in the form of -RS(AuSR)x- (x = 1, 2, 3, etc.) are the most common structural feature at the interface of the thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters, Aun(SR)m. However, the recently solved structure of Au92(SR)44, in which the facets of the Au84 core are protected mainly by the bridging thiolates, challenges the staple hypothesis. Herein, we explore the surface sensitivity of the thiolate-gold interface from first principles density functional theory. We find that the interfacial structures of thiolates on gold are surface sensitive: while a staple motif (such as -RS-Au-SR-) is preferred on Au(111), a bridging motif (-RS-) is preferred on Au(100) and Au(110). We show that this surface sensitivity is closely related to the coordination number of the surface Au atom on the different surfaces. We further confirm the preference of the bridging motif for self-assembled monolayers of two different ligands (methylthiolate and 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate) on Au(100). With this surface sensitivity, we categorize the structure-known Aun(SR)m clusters into three groups: (1) no bridging; (2) ambiguous bridging; (3) distinct bridging. We further employ the surface sensitivity of the thiolate-Au interface to predict the protecting motifs of face-centered cubic (fcc) gold nanoparticles of different shapes. Our study provides a unifying view of the Aun(SR)m structures with guidelines for structure predictions for larger Aun(SR)m clusters of a fcc core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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34
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Karimova NV, Aikens CM. Time Dependent Density Functional Theory Study of Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectra of Gold Clusters Au 9(PH 3) 83+ and Au 9(PPh 3) 83. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9625-9635. [PMID: 27933920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy is a source of important data about the electronic structure and optical properties of different chemical systems. Theoretical simulation of the MCD spectra can be used to assist in the understanding of empirically measured MCD spectra. In the present paper, a theoretical investigation of electronic and optical properties of phosphine-protected gold clusters with a Au93+ core with D2h symmetry was performed with time-dependent density functional theory. The influence of ligands on the optical properties of the gold core was investigated. Simulations of the optical absorption and MCD spectra were performed for the bare gold Au93+ cluster as well as for ligand-protected Au9(PH3)83+ and Au9(PPh3)83+ species. MCD spectra were calculated at a temperature of 298 K and a magnetic field of 7 T. A comparative analysis of theoretical and experimental data was also performed. The obtained results show that the theoretically simulated MCD spectrum for the Au9(PPh3)83+ ion in gas phase exhibits a reasonable agreement with experimental results for the [Au9(PPh3)8](NO3)3 system, although with a red shift of up to 0.5 μm-1. Overall, MCD provides significant additional details about the electronic structure of the considered systems compared to the absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Karimova
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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35
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Jin R, Zeng C, Zhou M, Chen Y. Atomically Precise Colloidal Metal Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles: Fundamentals and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10346-413. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1953] [Impact Index Per Article: 244.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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36
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Zeng JL, Guan ZJ, Du Y, Nan ZA, Lin YM, Wang QM. Chloride-Promoted Formation of a Bimetallic Nanocluster Au80Ag30 and the Total Structure Determination. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7848-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Lian Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Zi-Ang Nan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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37
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Tian Z, Cheng L. Electronic and geometric structures of Au30 clusters: a network of 2e-superatom Au cores protected by tridentate protecting motifs with u3-S. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:826-34. [PMID: 26530472 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the experimentally synthesized Au30S(SR)18 and two related Au30(SR)18 and Au30S2(SR)18 clusters. The patterns of thiolate ligands on the gold cores for the three thiolate-protected Au30 nanoclusters are on the basis of the "divide and protect" concept. A novel extended protecting motif with u3-S, S(Au2(SR)2)2AuSR, is discovered, which is termed the tridentate protecting motif. The Au cores of Au30S(SR)18, Au30(SR)18 and Au30S2(SR)18 clusters are Au17, Au20 and Au14, respectively. The superatom-network (SAN) model and the superatom complex (SAC) model are used to explain the chemical bonding patterns, which are verified by chemical bonding analysis based on the adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) method and aromatic analysis on the basis of the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) method. The Au17 core of the Au30S(SR)18 cluster can be viewed as a SAN of one Au6 superatom and four Au4 superatoms. The shape of the Au6 core is identical to that revealed in the recently synthesized Au18(SR)14 cluster. The Au20 core of the Au30(SR)18 cluster can be viewed as a SAN of two Au6 superatoms and four Au4 superatoms. The Au14 core of Au30S2(SR)18 can be regarded as a SAN of two pairs of two vertex-sharing Au4 superatoms. Meanwhile, the Au14 core is an 8e-superatom with 1S(2)1P(6) configuration. Our work may aid understanding and give new insights into the chemical synthesis of thiolate-protected Au clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China. and School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Teachers College, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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38
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Bürgi T. Properties of the gold-sulphur interface: from self-assembled monolayers to clusters. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15553-67. [PMID: 26360607 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03497c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The gold-sulphur interface of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was extensively studied some time ago. More recently tremendous progress has been made in the preparation and characterization of thiolate-protected gold clusters. In this feature article we address different properties of the two systems such as their structure, the mobility of the thiolates on the surface and other dynamical aspects, the chirality of the structures and characteristics related to it and their vibrational properties. SAMs and clusters are in the focus of different communities that typically use different experimental approaches to study the respective systems. However, it seems that the nature of the Au-S interfaces in the two cases is quite similar. Recent single crystal X-ray structures of thiolate-protected gold clusters reveal staple motifs characterized by gold ad-atoms sandwiched between two sulphur atoms. This finding contradicts older work on SAMs. However, newer studies on SAMs also reveal ad-atoms. Whether this finding can be generalized remains to be shown. In any case, more and more studies highlight the dynamic nature of the Au-S interface, both on flat surfaces and in clusters. At temperatures slightly above ambient thiolates migrate on the gold surface and on clusters. Evidence for desorption of thiolates at room temperature, at least under certain conditions, has been demonstrated for both systems. The adsorbed thiolate can lead to chirality at different lengths scales, which has been shown both on surfaces and for clusters. Chirality emerges from the organization of the thiolates as well as locally at the molecular level. Chirality can also be transferred from a chiral surface to an adsorbate, as evidenced by vibrational spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bürgi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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39
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Dreier TA, Ackerson CJ. Radicals Are Required for Thiol Etching of Gold Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9249-52. [PMID: 26089294 PMCID: PMC4809677 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Etching of gold with an excess of thiol ligand is used in both synthesis and analysis of gold particles. Mechanistically, the process of etching gold with excess thiol is unclear. Previous studies have obliquely considered the role of oxygen in thiolate etching of gold. Herein, we show that oxygen or a radical initiator is a necessary component for efficient etching of gold by thiolates. Attenuation of the etching process by radical scavengers in the presence of oxygen, and the restoration of activity by radical initiators under inert atmosphere, strongly implicate the oxygen radical. These data led us to propose an atomistic mechanism in which the oxygen radical initiates the etching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Dreier
- Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1847 Campus Deliver, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA)
| | - Christopher J Ackerson
- Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1847 Campus Deliver, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA).
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40
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Dreier TA, Ackerson CJ. Radicals Are Required for Thiol Etching of Gold Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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41
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Nimmala PR, Theivendran S, Barcaro G, Sementa L, Kumara C, Jupally VR, Apra E, Stener M, Fortunelli A, Dass A. Transformation of Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)60 to Au133(SPh-tBu)52 Nanomolecules: Theoretical and Experimental Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2134-9. [PMID: 26266515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrastable gold nanomolecule Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)60 upon etching with excess tert-butylbenzenethiol undergoes a core-size conversion and compositional change to form an entirely new core of Au133(SPh-tBu)52. This conversion was studied using high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry which shows that the core size conversion is initiated after 22 ligand exchanges, suggesting a relatively high stability of the Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)38(SPh-tBu)22 intermediate. The Au144 → Au133 core size conversion is surprisingly different from the Au144 → Au99 core conversion reported in the case of thiophenol, -SPh. Theoretical analysis and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that rigid p-tBu groups play a crucial role by reducing the cluster structural freedom, and protecting the cluster from adsorption of exogenous and reactive species, thus rationalizing the kinetic factors that stabilize the Au133 core size. This 144-atom to 133-atom nanomolecule's compositional change is reflected in optical spectroscopy and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Reddy Nimmala
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shevanuja Theivendran
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | | | | | - Chanaka Kumara
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Vijay Reddy Jupally
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Edoardo Apra
- §Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mauro Stener
- ∥Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste I-34127, Italy
| | | | - Amala Dass
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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42
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Negishi Y, Nakazaki T, Malola S, Takano S, Niihori Y, Kurashige W, Yamazoe S, Tsukuda T, Häkkinen H. A Critical Size for Emergence of Nonbulk Electronic and Geometric Structures in Dodecanethiolate-Protected Au Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1206-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5109968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Negishi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis
International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tafu Nakazaki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | | | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Kurashige
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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43
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Optical Properties and Chirality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100086-1.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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44
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Tian Z, Cheng L. Perspectives on the energy landscape of Au–Cl binary systems from the structural phase diagram of AuxCly (x + y = 20). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13421-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Structural phase diagram (SPD) of AuxCly (x + y = 20) clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
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45
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Nimmala PR, Dass A. Au99(SPh)42 nanomolecules: aromatic thiolate ligand induced conversion of Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)60. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17016-23. [PMID: 25426672 DOI: 10.1021/ja5103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new aromatic thiolate protected gold nanomolecule Au99(SPh)42 has been synthesized by reacting the highly stable Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)60 with thiophenol, HSPh. The ubiquitous Au144(SR)60 is known for its high stability even at elevated temperature and in the presence of excess thiol. This report demonstrates for the first time the reactivity of the Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)60 with thiophenol to form a different 99-Au atom species. The resulting Au99(SPh)42 compound, however, is unreactive and highly stable in the presence of excess aromatic thiol. The molecular formula of the title compound is determined by high resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and confirmed by the preparation of the 99-atom nanomolecule using two ligands, namely, Au99(SPh)42 and Au99(SPh-OMe)42. This mass spectrometry study is an unprecedented advance in nanoparticle reaction monitoring, in studying the 144-atom to 99-atom size evolution at such high m/z (∼12k) and resolution. The optical and electrochemical properties of Au99(SPh)42 are reported. Other substituents on the phenyl group, HS-Ph-X, where X = -F, -CH3, -OCH3, also show the Au144 to Au99 core size conversion, suggesting minimal electronic effects for these substituents. Control experiments were conducted by reacting Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)60 with HS-(CH2)n-Ph (where n = 1 and 2), bulky ligands like adamantanethiol and cyclohexanethiol. It was observed that conversion of Au144 to Au99 occurs only when the phenyl group is directly attached to the thiol, suggesting that the formation of a 99-atom species is largely influenced by aromaticity of the ligand and less so on the bulkiness of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Reddy Nimmala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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46
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Pourceau G, Valle-Carrandi LD, Di Gianvincenzo P, Michelena O, Penadés S. On the chiroptical properties of Au(i)–thiolate glycoconjugate precursors and their influence on sugar-protected gold nanoparticles (glyconanoparticles). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of d/l sugar thiolate conjugates used in the preparation of Au(i)–thiolate polymers determines their chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Pourceau
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit
- CIC biomaGUNE
- Spain
| | | | | | - Olatz Michelena
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit
- CIC biomaGUNE
- Spain
| | - Soledad Penadés
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit
- CIC biomaGUNE
- Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering
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