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Chen Y, Zhang P, Guo Q, Wu Z, Liu Y, Yang Y, Cao Q, Chong H, Lin M. Enhanced Versatility in Thorium Removal: Mesoporous Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized by Phenanthroline Diamide as a Selective Adsorbent. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13103-13117. [PMID: 37534985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to promote the sustainable development of nuclear energy through thorium (Th(IV)) recycling, we synthesized SiO2-coated magnetic functional nanocomposites (SiO2@Fe3O4) that were modified with 2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (DAPhen) to serve as an adsorbent for Th(IV) removal. SiO2@Fe3O4-DAPhen showed effective Th(IV) adsorption in both weakly and strongly acidic solutions. Owing to its porous structure that facilitated rapid adsorption kinetics, equilibrium was achieved within 5 and 0.5 min at pH 3 and 1 mol L-1 HNO3, respectively. In weakly acidic solutions, Th(IV) primarily formed chemical coordination bonds with DAPhen groups, while in strongly acidic solutions, the dominant interaction was electrostatic attraction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that electrostatic attraction was weaker compared to chemical coordination, resulting in reduced diffusion resistance and consequently faster adsorption rates in strongly acidic solutions. Furthermore, SiO2@Fe3O4-DAPhen exhibited a high adsorption capacity for Th(IV); it removed Th(IV) through chelation and electrostatic attraction at pH 3 and 1 mol L-1 HNO3, with maximum adsorption capacities of 833.3 and 1465.7 mg g-1, respectively. SiO2@Fe3O4-DAPhen also demonstrated excellent tolerance to salinity, adsorption selectivity, and radiation resistance, thereby highlighting its practical potential for Th(IV) removal in diverse contaminated water sources. Hence, SiO2@Fe3O4-DAPhen represents a promising choice for the rapid and efficient removal of Th(IV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Chen
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qiqi Guo
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yusen Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Reactor Operation and Application Research Sub-Institute, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qi Cao
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Reactor Operation and Application Research Sub-Institute, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hanbao Chong
- Instruments Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mingzhang Lin
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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2
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Zhang P, Chen Y, Chen Y, Guo Q, Liu Y, Yang Y, Cao Q, Chong H, Lin M. Functionalized hierarchically porous carbon doped boron nitride for multipurpose and efficient treatment of radioactive sewage. Sci Total Environ 2023; 866:161378. [PMID: 36610624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to recycle Uranium (U) for the sustainable development of nuclear energy, diamide bipyridine (DABP) modified hierarchically porous carbon doped boron nitride (BCN-DABP) was synthesized as an adsorbent for the multipurpose removal of U. BCN-DABP displayed good adsorption performance for U in both weakly and highly acidic solutions. The hierarchically porous structure endowed BCN-DABP with ultrafast adsorption kinetics, and adsorption reached equilibrium within 180.0 and 0.5 min under pH = 4.0 and 2.00 mol L-1 HNO3, respectively. Moreover, combination of adsorption isotherm studies and DFT calculations showed that BCN-DABP possessed high adsorption capacities for U and displayed different adsorption performance under different conditions. BCN-DABP adsorbed UO22+ by chelation and electrostatic attraction under pH 4.0 and 2.00 mol L-1 HNO3, the maximum adsorption capacity under two conditions reached 818.7 and 1296.7 mg g-1, respectively. As a result, BCN-DABP is expected to be used for the rapid and efficient removal of U in various kinds of contaminated water. Furthermore, excellent salinity tolerance, good adsorption selectivity, and outstanding radiation resistance also endowed BCN-DABP with great practical potential for removing U in radioactive contaminated water as well as high level liquid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Fundamental Science Laboratory on Radiochemistry & Radiation Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yizhi Chen
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qiqi Guo
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yusen Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Reactor Operation and Application Research Sub-Institute, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Reactor Operation and Application Research Sub-Institute, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hanbao Chong
- Instruments Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mingzhang Lin
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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3
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Dhingra M, Chong H, Shyamsundar S. 139 Absence of Coding in an Outpatient Paediatric Orthopaedic Department – Where Does the Money Go? Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Paediatric orthopaedics conditions are often managed in the outpatient department (OPD) setting. Due to the lack of official coding for these minor procedures in our OPD, the hospital receives neither financial benefit nor evidence for a formal auditing process. With the Paediatric Get It Right First Time (GIRFT) report underway, we have looked at building a coding pathway for paediatric interventions in our OPD.
Method
The number of paediatric orthopaedic interventions were collated and grouped in a 6-month period, and a clinical outcome form was created accordingly. After consulting with the coding department, a cost analysis of prospective earnings was conducted, as well as comparisons to current standard tariff rates for OPD attendance.
Results
From January 2021 to June 2021, 100 interventions were performed in our OPD with the breakdown of: 21 clubfoot serial casting, 70 serial casting for pathology such as tip toe walkers, 6 Botox injections in spastic contracture limbs and 3 Pavlik harnesses for developmental dysplasia of the hip. With the assistance of coding department, a new paediatric procedural coding form was created with 14 relevant interventions listed. A loss of £6110 was calculated due to tariff rates being solely attendance based compared to interventional based.
Conclusions
Paediatric orthopaedic OPD should have clinical coding outcomes in place for each intervention that is performed to ensure that the hospital trust receives appropriate financial commission as well as ensure a formal audit trial can be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dhingra
- Kettering General Hospital, Kettering, United Kingdom
| | - H. Chong
- Kettering General Hospital, Kettering, United Kingdom
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Eddens T, Mack M, McCormick M, Chong H, Kalpatthi R. A042 TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY: INCIDENCE, UTILIZATION, HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION, AND MORTALITY. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Zhou X, Leng X, Ling C, Chong H, Xu AW, Yang Z. Integrating a metal framework with Co-confined carbon nanotubes as trifunctional electrocatalysts to boost electron and mass transfer approaching practical applications. Nanoscale 2021; 13:12651-12658. [PMID: 34477615 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02476k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A facile and large-scale construction of robust and inexpensive trifunctional self-supporting electrodes for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in metal-air batteries and water splitting is crucial but remains challenging. Herein, we report a direct and up-scalable all-solid-phase strategy for the synthesis of a porous three-dimensional electrode consisting of cobalt nanoparticles wrapped in nitrogen-doped carbon tubes (Co/N-CNTs), which are in situ planted onto the surface of a cobalt foam. The resultant Co/N-CNTs can directly serve as a self-supporting and adhesive-free electrode with excellent and durable catalytic performances for the ORR, OER and HER. The metal framework substrate with an open-pore architecture is favorable for electron and mass transfer and allows fast catalytic kinetics. More importantly, when used in Zn-air batteries and overall water splitting, the as-prepared Co/N-CNT electrode displays a remarkable performance, implying bright perspects for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Ra AG, Kelly A, Szakacs SM, Chong H, Gordon K. The blister that got out of hand. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:595-598. [PMID: 33427314 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Ra
- Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - S M Szakacs
- Department of Pathology, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Chong
- Department of Pathology, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Gordon
- Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
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Zhou Y, Peng DD, Chong H, Zheng SQ, Zhu F, Wang G. Effect of isoflurane on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:1342-1349. [PMID: 30779102 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201902_17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of isoflurane on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=12), model group (n=12) and isoflurane group (n=12). In model group and isoflurane group, the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established via the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 3 h). In sham group, the left anterior descending coronary artery was not ligated, but the chest was opened and threaded using the same method. After ischemia, the rats in isoflurane group were inhaled with isoflurane. The cardiac function of rats in each group was detected before ischemia (T0) and once every 2 h after reperfusion (T1-T4) for a total of 5 times, and the cardiac function indexes included ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). After the rats were executed, the myocardial infarction tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to observe the morphological changes in tissues and the degrees of myocardial ischemia and infarction. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in myocardial cells in the infarction site in each group were detected using the MDA and SOD kits. Moreover, the expression levels of related proteins in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in myocardial cells in the infarction site were detected via Western blotting. RESULTS In model group, the cardiac function was significantly damaged (p<0.01), there was significant pathological damage in the myocardium, the area of myocardial infarction was significantly increased (p<0.01), the MDA content was significantly increased (p<0.01), the SOD activity declined obviously (p<0.01), and the expression levels of p-p38 and p-tau protein were significantly increased (p<0.01) compared with those in control group. After intervention with isoflurane, the cardiac function of rats was significantly improved (p<0.01), the pathological damage in myocardial tissues was alleviated, the area of myocardial infarction was reduced (p<0.01), the MDA content declined (p<0.01), the SOD activity was increased (p<0.01), and the expression levels of p-p38 and p-tau protein were decreased (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane can, through inhibiting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, effectively protect the cardiac function of rats from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, reduce the area of myocardial infarction, alleviate the pathological damage in myocardial cells and reduce the oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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8
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Witham MD, Band M, Chong H, Donnan PT, Hampson G, Hu MK, Kalra P, Kennedy G, Lamb E, Littleford R, McNamee P, Plews D, Rauchhaus P, Soiza RL, Sumukadas D, Warwick G, Avenell A. 104 Oral Sodium Bicarbonate Therapy for Older Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Low-Grade Acidosis: The BiCARB Randomised Controlled Trial. Age Ageing 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz196.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Oral sodium bicarbonate is often used to treat metabolic acidosis in older people with advanced chronic kidney disease, but evidence is lacking on whether this provides a net gain in health or quality of life.
Methods
We conducted a multicentre, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Adults aged 60 years and over with category 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease, not on dialysis, with serum bicarbonate concentrations <22 mmol/L were recruited from 27 UK centres. Participants were randomised 1:1 to oral sodium bicarbonate or matching placebo. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the Short Physical Performance Battery at 12 months, adjusted for baseline. Other key outcome measures included generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life, anthropometry, physical performance, renal function, adverse events including commencement of renal replacement therapy, and health economic analysis.
Results
We randomised 300 participants, mean age 74 years; 86 (29%) were female. Mean baseline estimated GFR was 19 ml/min/1.73m2. Study medication adherence was 73% in both groups. No significant treatment effect was evident for the primary outcome of the between-group difference in the Short Physical Performance Battery at 12 months (-0.4 points; 95% CI -0.9 to 0.1, p=0.15). No significant treatment benefit was seen for any of the secondary outcomes. Adverse events were more frequent in the bicarbonate arm (457 versus 400). Time to commencing renal replacement therapy was similar in both groups (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.74 to 2.02, p=0.43). Health economic analysis showed lower quality of life and higher costs in the bicarbonate arm at one year (£1234 vs £807); placebo dominated bicarbonate under all sensitivity analyses for incremental cost-effectiveness.
Conclusions
Oral sodium bicarbonate did not improve a wide range of health measures in this trial, and is unlikely to be cost-effective for use in the UK NHS in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Witham
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - M Band
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - H Chong
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P T Donnan
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - G Hampson
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - M K Hu
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P Kalra
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - G Kennedy
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - E Lamb
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - R Littleford
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P McNamee
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - D Plews
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P Rauchhaus
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - R L Soiza
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - D Sumukadas
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - G Warwick
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - A Avenell
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Here, we fabricated a recyclable surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate based on graphene oxide/gold nanorod composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbao Chong
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
- School of Physics and Material Science
| | - Guiqi Gao
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Guang Li
- School of Physics and Material Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
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Chai J, Yang S, Lv Y, Chong H, Yu H, Zhu M. Exposing the Delocalized Cu−S π Bonds on the Au
24
Cu
6
(SPh
t
Bu)
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Nanocluster and Its Application in Ring‐Opening Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15671-15674. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Hanbao Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
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Coffey K, Chong H. IDIOPATHIC HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT TREATED WITH BENRALIZUMAB. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fu F, Wang C, Wang Q, Martinez-Villacorta AM, Escobar A, Chong H, Wang X, Moya S, Salmon L, Fouquet E, Ruiz J, Astruc D. Highly Selective and Sharp Volcano-type Synergistic Ni2Pt@ZIF-8-Catalyzed Hydrogen Evolution from Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10034-10042. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Fu
- ISM, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Changlong Wang
- ISM, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS 8241, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Qi Wang
- ISM, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | | | - Ane Escobar
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Lab, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Hanbao Chong
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Avenue, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Sergio Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Lab, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Lionel Salmon
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS 8241, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Eric Fouquet
- ISM, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Jaime Ruiz
- ISM, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Abstract
Noble metal nanoclusters are in the intermediate state between discrete atoms and plasmonic nanoparticles and are of significance due to their atomically accurate structures, intriguing properties, and great potential for applications in various fields. In addition, the size-dependent properties of nanoclusters construct a platform for thoroughly researching the structure (composition)-property correlations, which is favorable for obtaining novel nanomaterials with enhanced physicochemical properties. Thus far, more than 100 species of nanoclusters (mono-metallic Au or Ag nanoclusters, and bi- or tri-metallic alloy nanoclusters) with crystal structures have been reported. Among these nanoclusters, Au25(SR)18-the brightest molecular star in the nanocluster field-is capable of revealing the past developments and prospecting the future of the nanoclusters. Since being successfully synthesized (in 1998, with a 20-year history) and structurally determined (in 2008, with a 10-year history), Au25(SR)18 has stimulated the interest of chemists as well as material scientists, due to the early discovery, easy preparation, high stability, and easy functionalization and application of this molecular star. In this review, the preparation methods, crystal structures, physicochemical properties, and practical applications of Au25(SR)18 are summarized. The properties of Au25(SR)18 range from optics and chirality to magnetism and electrochemistry, and the property-oriented applications include catalysis, chemical imaging, sensing, biological labeling, biomedicine and beyond. Furthermore, the research progress on the Ag-based M25(SR)18 counterpart (i.e., Ag25(SR)18) is included in this review due to its homologous composition, construction and optical absorption to its gold-counterpart Au25(SR)18. Moreover, the alloying methods, metal-exchange sites and property alternations based on the templated Au25(SR)18 are highlighted. Finally, some perspectives and challenges for the future research of the Au25(SR)18 nanocluster are proposed (also holding true for all members in the nanocluster field). This review is directed toward the broader scientific community interested in the metal nanocluster field, and hopefully opens up new horizons for scientists studying nanomaterials. This review is based on the publications available up to March 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology and AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
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14
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Mahendran P, Chong H, Akhras V. Multiple perioral homogenous blue macules. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 43:617-619. [PMID: 29635705 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Mahendran
- Department of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - V Akhras
- Department of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Maguire
- Department of Dermatology; St George's Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - H. Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology; St George's Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - R. Ramachandran
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - J. Popoola
- Department of Nephrology; St George's Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - V. Akhras
- Department of Dermatology; St George's Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - M. Singh
- Department of Dermatology; St George's Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
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16
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Yang S, Chai J, Chong H, Song Y, Yu H, Zhu M. Sulfonate, sulfide and thiolate ligands into an ultrasmall nanocluster: [Ag40.13Cu13.87S19(tBuS)20(tBuSO3)12]. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4314-4316. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00985f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel Ag–Cu bimetallic nanocluster, Ag40.13Cu13.87S19(tBuS)20(tBuSO3)12, has been synthesized by precise control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Hanbao Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
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17
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Denny J, Chong H, Akhras V. Lichen planus in a patient treated with pembrolizumab for metastatic malignant melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:354-356. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Denny
- Department of Dermatology; St George's Hospital; London UK
| | - H. Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology; St George's Hospital; London UK
| | - V. Akhras
- Department of Dermatology; St George's Hospital; London UK
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18
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Jain S, Larkin A, Chong H. OR063 A case of recurrent splenic lesions in a patient with Vici syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Mahendran P, Wee J, Chong H, Natkunarajah J. Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma treated with lenalidomide. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:345-347. [PMID: 29048134 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Mahendran
- Dermatology Department, Kingston Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Wee
- Dermatology Department, Kingston Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
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20
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Ferguson L, Chong H, Singh M. Ecthyma gangrenosum without bacteraemia: evidence in favour of a broader definition. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:324-327. [PMID: 28239902 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) is often defined as a cutaneous manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicaemia, typically secondary to neutropenia. There is increasing recognition that a broader definition is warranted, as numerous causative organisms and predisposing conditions have been reported. We describe two cases of EG that occurred without bacteraemia. In this atypical subset of cases, the skin is thought to represent the primary inoculation site from which haematogenous spread can occur. The first case occurred in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a rarely reported association. The evidence base guiding clinicians on management of EG is very limited, particularly in relation to patients with HIV, in whom recurrence risk may be higher than normal. Recurrent EG is described in our second case, in an individual with Good syndrome, a rare association of thymoma and immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferguson
- Department of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Singh
- Department of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
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21
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Fu F, Xiang J, Cheng H, Cheng L, Chong H, Wang S, Li P, Wei S, Zhu M, Li Y. A Robust and Efficient Pd3 Cluster Catalyst for the Suzuki Reaction and Its Odd Mechanism. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Fu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ji Xiang
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hanbao Chong
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shiqiang Wei
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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22
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Dy G, Morrison S, Chong H, Holt S, Vedder N, Joyner B, Friedrich J, Sorensen M. 052 The Current State of Surgical Training in Transgender Care – A National Survey of Urology and Plastic Surgery Residency Programs. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Pesaran T, Karam R, Huether R, Li S, Farber-Katz S, Chamberlin A, Chong H, LaDuca H, Elliott A. Beyond DNA: An Integrated and Functional Approach for Classifying Germline Variants in Breast Cancer Genes. Int J Breast Cancer 2016; 2016:2469523. [PMID: 27822389 PMCID: PMC5086358 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2469523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer is an integral part of individualized care in the new era of precision medicine. The accuracy of an assay is reliant on not only the technology and bioinformatics analysis utilized but also the experience and infrastructure required to correctly classify genetic variants as disease-causing. Interpreting the clinical significance of germline variants identified by hereditary cancer testing is complex and has a significant impact on the management of patients who are at increased cancer risk. In this review we give an overview of our clinical laboratory's integrated approach to variant assessment. We discuss some of the nuances that should be considered in the assessment of genomic variants. In addition, we highlight lines of evidence such as functional assays and structural analysis that can be useful in the assessment of rare and complex variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Pesaran
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - R. Karam
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - R. Huether
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - S. Li
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - S. Farber-Katz
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - A. Chamberlin
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - H. Chong
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - H. LaDuca
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - A. Elliott
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
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24
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Mahendran P, Chong H, Gharaie S, Natkunarajah J. Multiple asymptomatic papules. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:823-4. [PMID: 27663166 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Mahendran
- Dermatology Department, Kingston Hospital, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - H Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Gharaie
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Kingston Hospital, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - J Natkunarajah
- Dermatology Department, Kingston Hospital, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK.
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25
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Liu L, Song Y, Chong H, Yang S, Xiang J, Jin S, Kang X, Zhang J, Yu H, Zhu M. Size-confined growth of atom-precise nanoclusters in metal-organic frameworks and their catalytic applications. Nanoscale 2016; 8:1407-12. [PMID: 26669234 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06930k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using MOFs as size-selection templates, we have for the first time synthesized atom-precise Au11:PPh3 nanoclusters (NCs) and Au13Ag12:PPh3 NCs with high purity by a one-step, in situ reduction method. Specifically, we found that the product released from the frameworks of ZIF-8 is exclusively the Au11:PPh3 NCs rather than polydispersed NCs, and inside MIL-101(Cr) the Au13Ag12:PPh3 NCs constitute the exclusive product. The metal NC@MOF composites are also demonstrated for catalytic application. The high catalytic efficiency for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol indicates that atom-precise noble metal NCs@MOFs may act as a promising class of heterogeneous catalysts. The atom-precise NCs obtained in the MOF templated synthesis imply the future possibility of using MOFs of various pore sizes for the size-selective synthesis of atomically precise NCs. Meanwhile, metal NCs@MOFs will contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of nanocatalyst surface reactions and hence opens up enormous opportunities in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China and Laboratory of Fundamental Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, Anhui 230088, P.R. China.
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Hanbao Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Ji Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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26
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Abstract
The water is discovered to control the selectivity by changing the surface composition of Au nanocluster or the valence state of Ag nanocluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Chai
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Hanbao Chong
- Modern Experiment and Technology Center
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Mingzai Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
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27
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Xiang J, Li P, Song Y, Liu X, Chong H, Jin S, Pei Y, Yuan X, Zhu M. X-Ray crystal structure, and optical and electrochemical properties of the Au15Ag3(SC6H11)14 nanocluster with a core-shell structure. Nanoscale 2015; 7:18278-18283. [PMID: 26486194 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the X-ray crystallographic structure of an 18-metal atom Au-Ag bimetallic nanocluster (NC) formulated as [Au15Ag3(SC6H11)14]. This NC consists of a Au6Ag3 bi-octahedral kernel, which is built up by two octahedral Au3Ag3 units through sharing one Ag3 triangular face. The [Au15Ag3(SC6H11)14] can be viewed as a core-shell structure with the doped Ag atoms as the core and Au atoms as the shell. Detailed analyses by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurements clearly show distinct differences in the electronic structure between [Au15Ag3(SC6H11)14] and the homometal [Au18(SC6H11)14] NC. This study contributes to the deep understanding on bimetallic nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Hanbao Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyou Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, P. R. China.
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28
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Yang S, Chai J, Song Y, Kang X, Sheng H, Chong H, Zhu M. A New Crystal Structure of Au36 with a Au14 Kernel Cocapped by Thiolate and Chloride. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10033-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for
Atomic Engineering
of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for
Atomic Engineering
of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for
Atomic Engineering
of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for
Atomic Engineering
of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hongting Sheng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for
Atomic Engineering
of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hanbao Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for
Atomic Engineering
of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for
Atomic Engineering
of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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29
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30
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Worsnop F, Chong H, Ostlere L, Natkunarajah J. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis mimicking toxic epidermal necrolysis in patients with psoriasis: a coincidence? Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 40:688-9. [PMID: 25677856 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Worsnop
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, London, UK.
| | - H Chong
- Department of Histopathology, St Georges Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Ostlere
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Natkunarajah
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, London, UK
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31
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Chong H, Li P, Wang S, Fu F, Xiang J, Zhu M, Li Y. Au25 clusters as electron-transfer catalysts induced the intramolecular cascade reaction of 2-nitrobenzonitrile. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3214. [PMID: 24225495 PMCID: PMC3827600 DOI: 10.1038/srep03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of atomically precise metal nanocluster catalysts is of great importance in understanding the essence of the catalytic reactions at the atomic level. Here, for the first time, Au25(z) nanoslusters were employed as electron transfer catalysts to induce an intramolecular cascade reaction at ambient conditions and gave rise to high conversion (87%) and selectivity (96%). Electron spin-resonance spectra indeed confirmed the consecutive electron transfer process and the formation of N radical. UV-vis absorption spectra also verified Au25(z) was intact after the catalytic circle. Our research may open up wide opportunities for extensive organic reactions catalyzed by Au25(z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbao Chong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University, Hefei, 230601 (P. R. China)
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32
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Chong H, Li P, Xiang J, Fu F, Zhang D, Ran X, Zhu M. Design of an ultrasmall Au nanocluster-CeO2 mesoporous nanocomposite catalyst for nitrobenzene reduction. Nanoscale 2013; 5:7622-8. [PMID: 23842689 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01977b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work we are inspired to explore gold nanoclusters supported on mesoporous CeO2 nanospheres as nanocatalysts for the reduction of nitrobenzene. Ultrasmall Au nanoclusters (NCs) and mesoporous CeO2 nanospheres were readily synthesized and well characterized. Due to their ultrasmall size, the as-prepared Au clusters can be easily absorbed into the mesopores of the mesoporous CeO2 nanospheres. Owing to the unique mesoporous structure of the CeO2 support, Au nanoclusters in the Au@CeO2 may effectively prevent the aggregation which usually results in a rapid decay of the catalytic activity. It is notable that the ultrasmall gold nanoclusters possess uniform size distribution and good dispersibility on the mesoporous CeO2 supports. Compared to other catalyst systems with different oxide supports, the as-prepared Au nanocluster-CeO2 nanocomposite nanocatalysts showed efficient catalytic performance in transforming nitrobenzene into azoxybenzene. In addition, a plausible mechanism was deeply investigated to explain the transforming process. Au@CeO2 exhibited efficient catalytic activity for reduction of nitrobenzene. This strategy may be easily extended to fabricate many other heterogeneous catalysts including ultrasmall metal nanoclusters and mesoporous oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbao Chong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
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33
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Wee J, Chong H, Natkunarajah J, Mortimer P, Moosa Y. Familial multiple discoid fibromas: unique histological features and therapeutic response to topical rapamycin. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:177-80. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Chong
- Pathology; St George's Hospital; London SW17 0QT U.K
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34
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Wee JS, Moosa Y, Misch K, Chong H, Natkunarajah J. Actinic granuloma: a history of photoexacerbation and the importance of a radial 'three-zone' biopsy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 38:219-21. [PMID: 23020807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J S Wee
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, Surrey, UK.
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35
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Li Y, Chong H, Meng X, Wang S, Zhu M, Guo Q. A novel quinoline-based two-photon fluorescent probe for detecting Cd2+ in vitro and in vivo. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6189-94. [PMID: 22499396 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30192j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A new two-photon fluorescent Cd(2+) probe APQ is developed by introducing a N(1),N(1)-dimethyl-N(2)-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine binding group and a 4-methoxyphenylvinyl conjugation-enhancing group to the 2- and 6-positions of quinoline. This probe shows a large red shift and good emission enhancement under Cd(2+) binding. It also exhibits a high ion selectivity for Cd(2+) (especially over Zn(2+)) and a large two-photon absorption cross section at 710 nm. Two-photon microscopy imaging studies reveal that the new probe is non-toxic and cell-permeable and can be used to detect intracellular Cd(2+) under two-photon excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, P. R. China
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Liu A, Fanning L, Chong H, Fernandez J, Sloane D, Sancho-Serra M, Castells M. Desensitization regimens for drug allergy: state of the art in the 21st century. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1679-89. [PMID: 21883538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Adverse reactions to drugs are increasingly being recognized as important contributions to disease in their own right as well as impediments to the best treatment of various conditions, including infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic maladies. Rapid drug desensitization (RDD) is an effective mechanism for safely administering important medications while minimizing or entirely circumventing such adverse reactions in sensitized patients. We reviewed the literature on RDD in the last 10 years, including our experience from the Brigham and Women's Hospital Desensitization Program with hundreds of patients desensitized to a broad variety of drugs. RDD in our programme has been uniformly successful in patients with hypersensitivity reactions to antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, and monoclonal antibodies. Any reactions that occur during desensitization are generally much less severe than the initial hypersensitivity reaction to the drug, and patients have received the full dose of the desired medication 99.9% of the time out of (796) desensitizations. To date, there have been no fatalities. RDD is a safe and highly effective method for treating sensitized patients with the optimal pharmacologic agents. Its use should be expanded, but because patient safety is paramount, protocols must be created, reviewed, and overseen by allergist-immunologists with special training and experience in modern techniques of desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Liu
- Drug Desensitization Unit, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Mitra A, Conway C, Walker C, Cook M, Powell B, Lobo S, Chan M, Kissin M, Layer G, Smallwood J, Ottensmeier C, Stanley P, Peach H, Chong H, Elliott F, Iles MM, Nsengimana J, Barrett JH, Bishop DT, Newton-Bishop JA. Melanoma sentinel node biopsy and prediction models for relapse and overall survival. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1229-36. [PMID: 20859289 PMCID: PMC2967048 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To optimise predictive models for sentinal node biopsy (SNB) positivity, relapse and survival, using clinico-pathological characteristics and osteopontin gene expression in primary melanomas. METHODS A comparison of the clinico-pathological characteristics of SNB positive and negative cases was carried out in 561 melanoma patients. In 199 patients, gene expression in formalin-fixed primary tumours was studied using Illumina's DASL assay. A cross validation approach was used to test prognostic predictive models and receiver operating characteristic curves were produced. RESULTS Independent predictors of SNB positivity were Breslow thickness, mitotic count and tumour site. Osteopontin expression best predicted SNB positivity (P=2.4 × 10⁻⁷), remaining significant in multivariable analysis. Osteopontin expression, combined with thickness, mitotic count and site, gave the best area under the curve (AUC) to predict SNB positivity (72.6%). Independent predictors of relapse-free survival were SNB status, thickness, site, ulceration and vessel invasion, whereas only SNB status and thickness predicted overall survival. Using clinico-pathological features (thickness, mitotic count, ulceration, vessel invasion, site, age and sex) gave a better AUC to predict relapse (71.0%) and survival (70.0%) than SNB status alone (57.0, 55.0%). In patients with gene expression data, the SNB status combined with the clinico-pathological features produced the best prediction of relapse (72.7%) and survival (69.0%), which was not increased further with osteopontin expression (72.7, 68.0%). CONCLUSION Use of these models should be tested in other data sets in order to improve predictive and prognostic data for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitra
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS97TF, UK.
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Desai N, Natkunarajah J, Chong H, Millington GMW. Symmetrical papulonodular eruption of the elbows. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 35:e199-200. [PMID: 20518915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Desai
- Department of Dermatology, St. George's Hospital, Tooting, London, UK.
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Natkunarajah J, Simpson L, Chong H, Millington GW, Marsden RA. Mottled legs. Cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES). Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 35:e70-1. [PMID: 20500188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Natkunarajah
- Department of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK.
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Ball E, McGrath E, Chong H, Moss A. Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma resembling scleroderma ‘en coup de sabre’: a case report and literature review. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:222-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wickner PG, Cahill K, Cheifetz A, Sheikh J, Gaffin JM, Sheehan WJ, Morrill J, Sawicki G, Twarog F, Cinar M, Young M, Schneider LC, Phipatanakul W, Permaul P, Stutius LM, Sheehan WJ, Rangsithienchai PA, Walter JE, Young M, Twarog F, Schneider LC, Phipatanakul W, Sheehan WJ, Rangsithienchai PA, Baxi S, Phipatanakul W, Van Stee V, Bielory L, Wheeler J, Robertson D, Bayuk J, Accetta D, Chong H, Wolf R, Kim S, Long A. Research abstracts presented at the New England Society of Allergy, Fall Meeting, Brewster, Massachusetts, October 20, 2008. Allergy Asthma Proc 2009. [DOI: 10.2500/aap.2009.30.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chaudhry I, Chong H, Brady K, Metze D, Calonje E. Subcutaneous Nodules at Injection Sites: Histopathological Pitfalls in Diagnosis. J Cutan Pathol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2005.320an.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ross GL, Chong H, Collyns T, Gascoyne-Binzi DM, Sarkany RPE. Lichen scrofulosorum caused by Mycobacterium szulgai: a new cause of a tuberculide reaction. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156:586-7. [PMID: 17300260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gray-Schopfer VC, Cheong SC, Chong H, Chow J, Moss T, Abdel-Malek ZA, Marais R, Wynford-Thomas D, Bennett DC. Cellular senescence in naevi and immortalisation in melanoma: a role for p16? Br J Cancer 2006; 95:496-505. [PMID: 16880792 PMCID: PMC2360676 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, the irreversible proliferative arrest seen in somatic cells after a limited number of divisions, is considered a crucial barrier to cancer, but direct evidence for this in vivo was lacking until recently. The best-known form of human cell senescence is attributed to telomere shortening and a DNA-damage response through p53 and p21. There is also a more rapid form of senescence, dependent on the p16-retinoblastoma pathway. p16 (CDKN2A) is a known melanoma susceptibility gene. Here, we use retrovirally mediated gene transfer to confirm that the normal form of senescence in cultured human melanocytes involves p16, since disruption of the p16/retinoblastoma pathway is required as well as telomerase activation for immortalisation. Expression (immunostaining) patterns of senescence mediators and markers in melanocytic lesions provide strong evidence that cell senescence occurs in benign melanocytic naevi (moles) in vivo and does not involve p53 or p21 upregulation, although p16 is widely expressed. In comparison, dysplastic naevi and early (radial growth-phase, RGP) melanomas show less p16 and some p53 and p21 immunostaining. All RGP melanomas expressed p21, suggesting areas of p53-mediated senescence, while most areas of advanced (vertical growth-phase) melanomas lacked both p16 and p21, implying escape from both forms of senescence (immortalisation). Moreover, nuclear p16 but not p21 expression can be induced in human melanocytes by oncogenic BRAF, as found in around 80% of naevi. We conclude that cell senescence can form a barrier to melanoma development. This also provides a potential explanation of why p16 is a melanoma suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Gray-Schopfer
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, UK
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - S C Cheong
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - H Chong
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - J Chow
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - T Moss
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St George's Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Z A Abdel-Malek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - R Marais
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - D Wynford-Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - D C Bennett
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, UK
- E-mail:
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Chong H, Brady K, Metze D, Calonje E. Persistent nodules at injection sites (aluminium granuloma) -- clinicopathological study of 14 cases with a diverse range of histological reaction patterns. Histopathology 2006; 48:182-8. [PMID: 16405667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess and document the spectrum of histological appearances of persistent swellings which occur at injection sites following vaccination or allergen desensitization. METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen cases were studied. Four overlapping histological reaction patterns were evident. Ten cases showed at least focal fibrosis, fat necrosis and a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate mainly in the subcutis, giving rise to the features of a non-specific septal and lobular panniculitis. The appearance of three cases, in addition to the non-specific panniculitis pattern, also included prominent lymphoid follicles with germinal centres and a prominent perifollicular infiltrate resembling a lymphoma (pseudolymphoma pattern). A single case mimicked lupus profundus, with a perivascular and periadnexal infiltrate in the dermis and hyaline fat necrosis. Three cases showed a predominantly palisaded histiocytic infiltrate surrounding eosinophilic necrobiosis, in a pattern closely resembling deep granuloma annulare or rheumatoid nodule. The remaining case partly showed this appearance, but in combination with panniculitis, thus demonstrating an overlap of patterns. A common feature in all 14 cases was the focal presence of histiocytes with abundant violaceous granular cytoplasm. These were shown to contain aluminium on energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. CONCLUSION Persistent swellings at injections sites show a variety of overlapping patterns, which mimic other conditions. Identification of characteristic histiocytes with violaceous granular cytoplasm is the key distinctive feature allowing the correct diagnosis to be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chong
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK.
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Lavrinenko A, Borel P, Frandsen L, Thorhauge M, Harpøth A, Kristensen M, Niemi T, Chong H. Comprehensive FDTD modelling of photonic crystal waveguide components. Opt Express 2004; 12:234-248. [PMID: 19471530 DOI: 10.1364/opex.12.000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Planar photonic crystal waveguide structures have been modelled using the finite-difference-time-domain method and perfectly matched layers have been employed as boundary conditions. Comprehensive numerical calculations have been performed and compared to experimentally obtained transmission spectra for various photonic crystal waveguides. It is found that within the experimental fabrication tolerances the calculations correctly predict the measured transmission levels and other major transmission features.
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Borel P, Frandsen L, Thorhauge M, Harpøth A, Zhuang Y, Kristensen M, Chong H. Efficient propagation of TM polarized light in photonic crystal components exhibiting band gaps for TE polarized light. Opt Express 2003; 11:1757-1762. [PMID: 19466056 DOI: 10.1364/oe.11.001757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the properties of TM polarized light in planar photonic crystal waveguide structures, which exhibit photonic band gaps for TE polarized light. Straight and bent photonic crystal waveguides and couplers have been fabricated in silicon-on-insulator material and modelled using a 3D finite-difference-time-domain method. The simulated spectra are in excellent agreement with the experimental results, which show a propagation loss as low as 2.5+/-4 dB/mm around 1525 nm and bend losses at 2.9+/-0.2 dB for TM polarized light. We demonstrate a high coupling for TM polarized light in a simple photonic crystal coupler with a size of ~ 20 m x 20 m. These promising features may open for the realization of ultra-compact photonic crystal components, which are easily integrated in optical communication networks.
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McCormick D, Chong H, Hobbs C, Datta C, Hall PA. Detection of the Ki-67 antigen in fixed and wax-embedded sections with the monoclonal antibody MIB1. Histopathology 2002; 41:173-8. [PMID: 12405952 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.14891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D McCormick
- Division of Histopathology, UMDS, St Thomas's Campus, London, UK
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Abstract
Ras plays an essential role in activation of Raf kinase which is directly responsible for activation of the MEK-ERK kinase pathway. A direct protein-protein interaction between Ras and the N-terminal regulatory domain of Raf is critical for Raf activation. However, association with Ras is not sufficient to activate Raf in vitro, indicating that Ras must activate some other biochemical events leading to activation of Raf. We have observed that RasV12Y32F and RasV12T35S mutants fail to activate Raf, yet retain the ability to interact with Raf. In this report, we showed that RasV12Y32F and RasV12T35S can cooperate with members of the Rho family GTPases to activate Raf while alone the Rho family GTPase is not effective in Raf activation. A dominant negative mutant of Rac or RhoA can block Raf activation by Ras. The effect of Rac or Cdc42 can be substituted by the Pak kinase, which is a direct downstream target of Rac/Cdc42. Furthermore, expression of a kinase inactive mutant of Pak or the N-terminal inhibitory domain of Pak1 can block the effect of Rac or Cdc42. In contrast, Pak appears to play no direct role in relaying the signal from RhoA to Raf, indicating that RhoA utilizes a different mechanism than Rac/Cdc42. Membrane-associated but not cytoplasmic Raf can be activated by Rac or RhoA. Our data support a model by which the Rho family small GTPases play an important role to mediate the activation of Raf by Ras. Ras, at least, has two distinct functions in Raf activation, recruitment of Raf to the plasma membrane by direct binding and stimulation of Raf activating kinases via the Rho family GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry and The Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0606, USA
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