1
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Luna Palacios YY, Khandani S, Garcia EP, Chen A, Wang S, Roy K, Knez D, Kim DA, Rocha-Mendoza I, Potma EO. Spectroscopic analysis of the sum-frequency response of the carbon-hydrogen stretching modes in collagen type I. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:185101. [PMID: 38716851 PMCID: PMC11081710 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We studied the origin of the vibrational signatures in the sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectrum of fibrillar collagen type I in the carbon-hydrogen stretching regime. For this purpose, we developed an all-reflective, laser-scanning SFG microscope with minimum chromatic aberrations and excellent retention of the polarization state of the incident beams. We performed detailed SFG measurements of aligned collagen fibers obtained from rat tail tendon, enabling the characterization of the magnitude and polarization-orientation dependence of individual tensor elements Xijk2 of collagen's nonlinear susceptibility. Using the three-dimensional atomic positions derived from published crystallographic data of collagen type I, we simulated its Xijk2 elements for the methylene stretching vibration and compared the predicted response with the experimental results. Our analysis revealed that the carbon-hydrogen stretching range of the SFG spectrum is dominated by symmetric stretching modes of methylene bridge groups on the pyrrolidine rings of the proline and hydroxyproline residues, giving rise to a dominant peak near 2942 cm-1 and a shoulder at 2917 cm-1. Weak asymmetric stretches of the methylene bridge group of glycine are observed in the region near 2870 cm-1, whereas asymmetric CH2-stretching modes on the pyrrolidine rings are found in the 2980 to 3030 cm-1 range. These findings help predict the protein's nonlinear optical properties from its crystal structure, thus establishing a connection between the protein structure and SFG spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yryx Y. Luna Palacios
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Salile Khandani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Evan P. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Anabel Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Siyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Khokan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - David Knez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Do A. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Israel Rocha-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Mexico
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2
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Patrawalla NY, Raj R, Nazar V, Kishore V. Magnetic Alignment of Collagen: Principles, Methods, Applications, and Fiber Alignment Analyses. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38019048 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropically aligned collagen scaffolds mimic the microarchitectural properties of native tissue, possess superior mechanical properties, and provide the essential physicochemical cues to guide cell response. Biofabrication methodologies to align collagen fibers include mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and microfluidic approaches. Magnetic alignment of collagen was first published in 1983 but widespread use of this technique was hindered mainly due to the low diamagnetism of collagen molecules and the need for very strong tesla-order magnetic fields. Over the last decade, there is a renewed interest in the use of magnetic approaches that employ magnetic particles and low-level magnetic fields to align collagen fibers. In this review, the working principle, advantages, and limitations of different collagen alignment techniques with special emphasis on the magnetic alignment approach are detailed. Key findings from studies that employ high-strength magnetic fields and the magnetic particle-based approach to align collagen fibers are highlighted. In addition, the most common qualitative and quantitative image analyses methods to assess collagen alignment are discussed. Finally, current challenges and future directions are presented for further development and clinical translation of magnetically aligned collagen scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashaita Y Patrawalla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Ravi Raj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Vida Nazar
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Vipuil Kishore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
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3
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Khan T, John B, Niemann R, Paarmann A, Wolf M, Thämer M. Compact oblique-incidence nonlinear widefield microscopy with paired-pixel balanced imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28792-28804. [PMID: 37710691 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear (vibrational) microscopy has emerged as a successful tool for the investigation of molecular systems as it combines label-free chemical characterization with spatial resolution on the sub-micron scale. In addition to the molecular recognition, the physics of the nonlinear interactions allows in principle to obtain structural information on the molecular level such as molecular orientations. Due to technical limitations such as the relatively complex imaging geometry with the required oblique sample irradiation and insufficient sensitivity of the instrument this detailed molecular information is typically not accessible using widefield imaging. Here, we present, what we believe to be, a new microscope design that addresses both challenges. We introduce a simplified imaging geometry that enables the measurement of distortion-free widefield images with free space oblique sample irradiation achieving high spatial resolution (∼1 µm). Furthermore, we present a method based on a paired-pixel balanced detection system for sensitivity improvement. With this technique, we demonstrate a substantial enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio of up to a factor of 10. While both experimental concepts presented in this work are very general and can, in principle, be applied to various microscopy techniques, we demonstrate their performance for the specific case of heterodyned, sum frequency generation (SFG) microscopy.
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4
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Wagner J, Wu Z, Wang H, Xiong W. Imaging Orientation of a Single Molecular Hierarchical Self-Assembled Sheet: The Combined Power of a Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Microscopy and Neural Network. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7192-7201. [PMID: 36098975 PMCID: PMC9511492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we determined the tilt angles of molecular units in hierarchical self-assembled materials on a single-sheet level, which were not available previously. This was achieved by developing a fast line-scanning vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) hyperspectral imaging technique in combination with neural network analysis. Rapid VSFG imaging enabled polarization resolved images on a single sheet level to be measured quickly, circumventing technical challenges due to long-term optical instability. The polarization resolved hyperspectral images were then used to extract the supramolecular tilt angle of a self-assembly through a set of spectra-tilt angle relationships which were solved through neural network analysis. This unique combination of both novel techniques offers a new pathway to resolve molecular level structural information on self-assembled materials. Understanding these properties can further drive self-assembly design from a bottom-up approach for applications in biomimetic and drug delivery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson
C. Wagner
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Choi J, Lee J, Makarem M, Huang S, Kim SH. Numerical Simulation of Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Intensity for Non-Centrosymmetric Domains Interspersed in an Amorphous Matrix: A Case Study for Cellulose in Plant Cell Wall. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6629-6641. [PMID: 36037433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy can specifically probe molecular species non-centrosymmetrically arranged in a centrosymmetric or isotropic medium. This capability has been extensively utilized to detect and study molecular species present at the two-dimensional (2D) interface at which the centrosymmetry or isotropy of bulk phases is naturally broken. The same principle has been demonstrated to be very effective for the selective detection of non-centrosymmetric crystalline nanodomains interspersed in three-dimensional (3D) amorphous phases. However, the full spectral interpretation of SFG features has been difficult due to the complexity associated with the theoretical calculation of SFG responses of such 3D systems. This paper describes a numerical method to predict the relative SFG intensities of non-centrosymmetric nanodomains in 3D systems as functions of their size and concentration as well as their assembly patterns, i.e., the distributions of tilt, azimuth, and rotation angles with respect to the lab coordinate. We applied the developed method to predict changes in the CH and OH stretch modes characteristic to crystalline cellulose microfibrils distributed with various orders, which are relevant to plant cell wall structures. The same algorithm can also be applied to any SFG-active nanodomains interspersed in 3D amorphous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juseok Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jongcheol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mohamadamin Makarem
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shixin Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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6
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Manattayil JK, A S LK, Biswas R, Kim H, Raghunathan V. Focus-engineered sub-diffraction imaging in infrared-sensitive third-order sum frequency generation microscope. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:25612-25626. [PMID: 36237087 DOI: 10.1364/oe.459620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate sub-diffraction imaging in infrared-sensitive third-order sum frequency generation (TSFG) microscope using focal-field engineering technique. The TSFG interaction studied here makes use of two mid infrared photons and a single 1040 nm pump photon to generate up-converted visible photons. Focal field engineering scheme is implemented using a Toraldo-style single annular phase mask imprinted on the 1040 nm beam using a spatial light modulator. The effect of focal field engineered excitation beam on the non-resonant-TSFG process is studied by imaging isolated silicon sub-micron disks and periodic grating structures. Maximum reduction in the measured TSFG central-lobe size by ∼43% with energy in the central lobe of 35% is observed in the presence of phase mask. Maximum contrast improvement of 30% is observed for periodic grating structures. Furthermore, to validate the infrared sensitivity of the focus engineered TSFG microscope, we demonstrate imaging of amorphous Germanium-based guided-mode resonance structures, and polystyrene latex beads probed near the O-H vibrational region. We also demonstrate the utility of the focus engineered TSFG microscope for high resolution imaging of two-dimensional layered material. Focus-engineered TSFG process is a promising imaging modality that combines infrared selectivity with improved resolution and contrast, making it suitable for nanostructure and surface layer imaging.
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7
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Phal Y, Pfister L, Carney PS, Bhargava R. Resolution Limit in Infrared Chemical Imaging. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:9777-9783. [PMID: 38476191 PMCID: PMC10928383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Chemical imaging combines the spatial specificity of optical microscopy with the spectral selectivity of vibrational spectroscopy. Mid-infrared (IR) absorption imaging instruments are now able to capture high-quality spectra with microscopic spatial detail, but the limits of their ability to resolve spatial and spectral objects remain less understood. In particular, the sensitivity of measurements to chemical and spatial changes and rules for optical design have been presented, but the influence of spectral information on spatial sensitivity is as yet relatively unexplored. We report an information theory-based approach to quantify the spatial localization capability of spectral data in chemical imaging. We explicitly consider the joint effects of the signal-to-noise ratio and spectral separation that have significance in experimental settings to derive resolution limits in IR spectroscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Phal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Luke Pfister
- Dynamic Imaging & Radiography Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - P Scott Carney
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Departments of Bioengineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Müller N, Nicolai F, Buckup T. Broadband mid-infrared phase retrieval for nonlinear microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:5012-5015. [PMID: 34598255 DOI: 10.1364/ol.440344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spectral phase characterization of ultrashort laser pulses is essential in nonlinear micro-spectroscopy. Whereas in many applications phases are determined for near-infrared (NIR) pulses, successful mid-infrared (MIR) phase retrieval is rare. The spectral phase of ultra-broadband MIR pulses is determined over more than 1000cm-1 in the presented work. This is accomplished by exploiting the d-scan method in two variants. Both allow for detecting high signals by using the interaction of the MIR and NIR pulses. The two variants differ in imprinting the dispersion. While the dual d-scan imprints phases on both pulses, the Xd-scan method disperses the NIR pulses solely.
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9
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Maekawa H, Kumar SKK, Mukherjee SS, Ge NH. Phase-Sensitive Vibrationally Resonant Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy in Multiplex Configuration at 80 MHz Repetition Rate. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9507-9516. [PMID: 34433279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vibrationally resonant sum-frequency generation (VR SFG) microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that can map out the intensity contrast of infrared and Raman active vibrational modes with micron to submicron lateral resolution. To broaden its applications and to obtain a molecular level of understanding, further technical advancement is needed to enable high-speed measurements of VR SFG microspectra at every pixel. In this study, we demonstrate a new VR SFG hyperspectral imaging platform combined with an ultrafast laser system operated at a repetition rate of 80 MHz. The multiplex configuration with broadband mid-infrared pulses makes it possible to measure a single microspectrum of CH/CH2 stretching modes in biological samples, such as starch granules and type I collagen tissue, with an exposure time of hundreds of milliseconds. Switching from the homodyne- to heterodyne-detected VR SFG hyperspectral imaging can be achieved by inserting a pair of optics into the beam path for local oscillator generation and delay time adjustment, which enables self-phase-stabilized spectral interferometry. We investigate the relationship between phase images of several different C-H modes and the relative orientation of collagen triple-helix in fibril bundles. The results show that the new multiplex VR SFG microscope operated at a high repetition rate is a powerful approach to probe the structural features and spatial arrangements of biological systems in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Maekawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - S K Karthick Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sudipta S Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Nien-Hui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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10
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Wang H, Xiong W. Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Hyperspectral Microscopy for Molecular Self-Assembled Systems. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:279-306. [PMID: 33441031 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the recent developments and applications of vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) microscopy. This hyperspectral imaging technique can resolve systems without inversion symmetry, such as surfaces, interfaces and noncentrosymmetric self-assembled materials, in the spatial, temporal, and spectral domains. We discuss two common VSFG microscopy geometries: wide-field and confocal point-scanning. We then introduce the principle of VSFG and the relationships between hyperspectral imaging with traditional spectroscopy, microscopy, and time-resolved measurements. We further highlight crucial applications of VSFG microscopy in self-assembled monolayers, cellulose in plants, collagen fibers, and lattice self-assembled biomimetic materials. In these systems, VSFG microscopy reveals relationships between physical properties that would otherwise be hidden without being spectrally, spatially, and temporally resolved. Lastly, we discuss the recent development of ultrafast transient VSFG microscopy, which can spatially measure the ultrafast vibrational dynamics of self-assembled materials. The review ends with an outlook on the technical challenges of and scientific potential for VSFG microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; ,
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , .,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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11
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James DS, Campagnola PJ. Recent Advancements in Optical Harmonic Generation Microscopy: Applications and Perspectives. BME FRONTIERS 2021; 2021:3973857. [PMID: 37849910 PMCID: PMC10521653 DOI: 10.34133/2021/3973857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies have emerged as powerful imaging modalities to examine structural properties of a wide range of biological tissues. Although SHG and THG arise from very different contrast mechanisms, the two are complimentary and can often be collected simultaneously using a modified multiphoton microscope. In this review, we discuss the needed instrumentation for these modalities as well as the underlying theoretical principles of SHG and THG in tissue and describe how these can be leveraged to extract unique structural information. We provide an overview of recent advances showing how SHG microscopy has been used to evaluate collagen alterations in the extracellular matrix and how this has been used to advance our knowledge of cancers, fibroses, and the cornea, as well as in tissue engineering applications. Specific examples using polarization-resolved approaches and machine learning algorithms are highlighted. Similarly, we review how THG has enabled developmental biology and skin cancer studies due to its sensitivity to changes in refractive index, which are ubiquitous in all cell and tissue assemblies. Lastly, we offer perspectives and outlooks on future directions of SHG and THG microscopies and present unresolved questions, especially in terms of overall miniaturization and the development of microendoscopy instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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12
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Hosseinpour S, Roeters SJ, Bonn M, Peukert W, Woutersen S, Weidner T. Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Peptides and Proteins from Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3420-3465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Hosseinpour
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Mischa Bonn
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 EP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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13
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Fuentes-Corona CG, Licea-Rodriguez J, Younger R, Rangel-Rojo R, Potma EO, Rocha-Mendoza I. Second harmonic generation signal from type I collagen fibers grown in vitro. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6449-6461. [PMID: 31853410 PMCID: PMC6913412 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the optical second-order nonlinearity of type I collagen fibers grown in vitro via second harmonic generation (SHG) experiments and analyze the observed polarization-resolved SHG signal using previously reported SHG analytical expressions obtained for anisotropic tissue. Our results indicate that the effective second-order nonlinearity measured in the grown fibers is one order of magnitude lower than that of native collagen fibers. This is attributed to the formation of loose and dispersive fibrillar networks of thinner collagen fibrils that constitute the reassembled collagen fibers. This is confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) imaging and the polarization dependence of the SHG signal. The measured values of the anisotropy parameter ρ of the reassembled collagen fibers are found to be similar to that obtained for native fibers on the relevant sub-µm scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Grethel Fuentes-Corona
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
| | - Jacob Licea-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
- Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, C.I.C.E.S.E., 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Rebecca Younger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Raul Rangel-Rojo
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
| | - Eric O Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Israel Rocha-Mendoza
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
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14
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Johansson PK, Castner DG. Vibrational Sum-Frequency Scattering as a Sensitive Approach to Detect Structural Changes in Collagen Fibers Treated with Surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7848-7857. [PMID: 31117724 PMCID: PMC6648693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing protocols so that the structure of the collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix remains intact during the decellularization process requires techniques with high structural sensitivity, especially for the surface region of the collagen fibers. Here, we demonstrate that vibrational sum-frequency scattering (SFS) spectroscopy in the protein-specific amide I region provides vibrational spectra and scattering patterns characteristic of protein fiber networks self-assembled in vitro from collagen type I, which are kept in aqueous environments during the analysis. At scattering angles away from the phase-matched direction, the relative strengths of various polarization combinations are highly reproducible, and changes in their ratios can be followed in real time during exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant solutions. For the fibers in this work, a scattering angle of about 22° provided specificity for the surface region of the fibers, as it allowed monitoring of immediate structural changes during the surfactant exposure. With further development, we hypothesize that the information from the SFS characterization of collagen fibers may complement information from other techniques with sensitivity to the overall structure, such as second-harmonic generation imaging and infrared spectroscopy, and provide a more complete understanding of fiber molecular structures and interactions during exposure to various environments and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik K. Johansson
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States
- Corresponding Author ,
| | - David G. Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, United States
- Corresponding Author ,
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15
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Yang WC, Hore DK. Broadband models and their consequences on line shape analysis in vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:174703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5053128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria,
British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Dennis K. Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria,
British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
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16
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Hanninen AM, Prince RC, Ramos R, Plikus MV, Potma EO. High-resolution infrared imaging of biological samples with third-order sum-frequency generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4807-4817. [PMID: 30319904 PMCID: PMC6179410 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the use of vibrationally resonant, third-order sum-frequency generation (TSFG) for imaging of biological samples. We found that laser-scanning TSFG provides vibrationally sensitive imaging capabilities of lipid droplets and structures in sectioned tissue samples. Although the contrast is based on the infrared-activity of molecular modes, TSFG images exhibit a high lateral resolution of 0.5 µm or better. We observed that the imaging properties of TSFG resemble the imaging properties of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, offering a nonlinear infrared alternative to coherent Raman methods. TSFG microscopy holds promise as a high-resolution imaging technique in the fingerprint region where coherent Raman techniques often provide insufficient sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Hanninen
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697,
USA
| | - Richard C. Prince
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697,
USA
| | - Raul Ramos
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Maksim V. Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Eric O. Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697,
USA
- Beckman Laser Institute, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Irvine, CA 92617,
USA
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17
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Qian Y, Deng GH, Rao Y. In Situ Chemical Analysis of the Gas-Aerosol Particle Interface. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10967-10973. [PMID: 30111093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gas-aerosol particle interface is believed to contribute to the growth of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Despite its importance, the chemical composition of the interface has not been probed directly because of a lack of suitable interface-specific analytical techniques. The preliminary result in our early work has demonstrated direct observations of molecules at the gas-aerosol particle interface with the development of second harmonic scattering (SHS). However, the SHS technique is far away from being an analytical tool of chemical compositions at the gas-aerosol particle interface. In this work, we continued to develop the interface-specific SHS for in situ chemical analysis of molecules at the gas-aerosol particle interface. As an example, we demonstrated coherent SHS signal of a new SHS probe, crystal violet (CV), from interfaces of aerosol particles. The development of the SHS technique includes: (1) Optimization for a more efficient femtosecond laser system in the generation of SHS from aerosol particles. A near 5 MHz repetition rate of a femtosecond laser was found to be optimal for the generation of SHS; (2) exploration of a more effective detector for SHS of aerosol particles. We found that both a CCD detector and a single-photon counter produce similar signal-to-noise ratios of the interfacial SHS signals from aerosol particles. The CCD detector is a more effective option for the detection of SHS and could greatly reduce sampling time of the interfacial responses; (3) combination of the optimal laser system with the CCD detector, which has greatly improved the detection sensitivity of interfacial molecules by more than 2 orders of magnitude and could potentially detect interfacial SHS from a single aerosol particle. These experimental results not only provided a thorough analysis of the SHS technique but also built a solid foundation for further development of a new vibrational sum frequency scattering (SFS) technique for chemical structures at the gas-aerosol particle interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
| | - Gang-Hua Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
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18
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Huang S, Makarem M, Kiemle SN, Hamedi H, Sau M, Cosgrove DJ, Kim SH. Inhomogeneity of Cellulose Microfibril Assembly in Plant Cell Walls Revealed with Sum Frequency Generation Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5006-5019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Mahou P, Malkinson G, Chaudan É, Gacoin T, Beaurepaire E, Supatto W. Metrology of Multiphoton Microscopes Using Second Harmonic Generation Nanoprobes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701442. [PMID: 28926684 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In multiphoton microscopy, the ongoing trend toward the use of excitation wavelengths spanning the entire near-infrared range calls for new standards in order to quantify and compare the performances of microscopes. This article describes a new method for characterizing the imaging properties of multiphoton microscopes over a broad range of excitation wavelengths in a straightforward and efficient manner. It demonstrates how second harmonic generation (SHG) nanoprobes can be used to map the spatial resolution, field curvature, and chromatic aberrations across the microscope field of view with a precision below the diffraction limit and with unique advantages over methods based on fluorescence. KTiOPO4 nanocrystals are used as SHG nanoprobes to measure and compare the performances over the 850-1100 nm wavelength range of several microscope objectives designed for multiphoton microscopy. Finally, this approach is extended to the post-acquisition correction of chromatic aberrations in multicolor multiphoton imaging. Overall, the use of SHG nanoprobes appears as a uniquely suited method to standardize the metrology of multiphoton microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Guy Malkinson
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Élodie Chaudan
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Willy Supatto
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
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20
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Hanninen A, Shu MW, Potma EO. Hyperspectral imaging with laser-scanning sum-frequency generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4230-4242. [PMID: 28966861 PMCID: PMC5611937 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrationally sensitive sum-frequency generation (SFG) microscopy is a chemically selective imaging technique sensitive to non-centrosymmetric molecular arrangements in biological samples. The routine use of SFG microscopy has been hampered by the difficulty of integrating the required mid-infrared excitation light into a conventional, laser-scanning nonlinear optical (NLO) microscope. In this work, we describe minor modifications to a regular laser-scanning microscope to accommodate SFG microscopy as an imaging modality. We achieve vibrationally sensitive SFG imaging of biological samples with sub-μm resolution at image acquisition rates of 1 frame/s, almost two orders of magnitude faster than attained with previous point-scanning SFG microscopes. Using the fast scanning capability, we demonstrate hyperspectral SFG imaging in the CH-stretching vibrational range and point out its use in the study of molecular orientation and arrangement in biologically relevant samples. We also show multimodal imaging by combining SFG microscopy with second-harmonic generation (SHG) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) on the same imaging platfrom. This development underlines that SFG microscopy is a unique modality with a spatial resolution and image acquisition time comparable to that of other NLO imaging techniques, making point-scanning SFG microscopy a valuable member of the NLO imaging family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hanninen
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697,
USA
| | - Ming Wai Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697,
USA
| | - Eric O. Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697,
USA
- Beckman Laser Institute, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Irvine, CA 92617,
USA
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21
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Dow XY, DeWalt EL, Sullivan SZ, Schmitt PD, Ulcickas JRW, Simpson GJ. Imaging the Nonlinear Susceptibility Tensor of Collagen by Nonlinear Optical Stokes Ellipsometry. Biophys J 2017; 111:1361-1374. [PMID: 27705760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical Stokes ellipsometric (NOSE) microscopy was demonstrated for the analysis of collagen-rich biological tissues. NOSE is based on polarization-dependent second harmonic generation imaging. NOSE was used to access the molecular-level distribution of collagen fibril orientation relative to the local fiber axis at every position within the field of view. Fibril tilt-angle distribution was investigated by combining the NOSE measurements with ab initio calculations of the predicted molecular nonlinear optical response of a single collagen triple helix. The results were compared with results obtained previously by scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and electron tomography. These results were enabled by first measuring the laboratory-frame Jones nonlinear susceptibility tensor, then extending to the local-frame tensor through pixel-by-pixel corrections based on local orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Y Dow
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Emma L DeWalt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shane Z Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Paul D Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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22
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Dow XY, DeWalt EL, Newman JA, Dettmar CM, Simpson GJ. Unified Theory for Polarization Analysis in Second Harmonic and Sum Frequency Microscopy. Biophys J 2016; 111:1553-1568. [PMID: 27705777 PMCID: PMC5052445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A unified theoretical framework for the recovery of second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensors and sample orientations from polarization-dependent second harmonic generation and sum frequency generation microscopy was developed. Jones formalism was extended to nonlinear optics and was used to bridge the experimental observables and the local-frame tensor elements. Four commonly used experimental architectures were explicitly explored, including polarization rotation with no postsample optics, polarization-in polarization-out measurement, and polarization modulation with and without postsample optics. Polarization-dependent second harmonic generation measurement was performed on Z-cut quartz and the local-frame tensor elements were calculated. The recovered tensor elements agree with the expected values dictated by symmetry.
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23
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Okoro C, Toussaint KC. Experimental demonstration of two-photon Mueller matrix second-harmonic generation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:16011. [PMID: 26813082 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.016011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka Okoro
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, PROBE Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kimani C Toussaint
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, PROBE Lab, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United StatescUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, PROBE Lab, Affiliate in the Department of Elect
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24
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Lee CM, Kafle K, Huang S, Kim SH. Multimodal Broadband Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation (MM-BB-V-SFG) Spectrometer and Microscope. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:102-16. [PMID: 26718642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A broadband sum frequency generation (BB-SFG) spectrometer with multimodal (MM) capabilities was constructed, which could be routinely reconfigured for tabletop experiments in reflection, transmission, and total internal reflection (TIR) geometries, as well as microscopic imaging. The system was constructed using a Ti:sapphire amplifier (800 nm, pulse width = 85 fs, repetition rate = 2 kHz), an optical parameter amplification (OPA) system for production of broadband IR pulses tunable between 1000 and 4000 cm(-1), and two Fabry-Pérot etalons arranged in series for production of narrowband 800 nm pulses. The key feature allowing the MM operation was the nearly collinear alignment of the visible (fixed, 800 nm) and infrared (tunable, 1000-4000 cm(-1)) pulses which were spatially separated. Physical insights discussed in this paper include the comparison of spectral bandwidth produced with 40 and 85 fs pump beams, the improvement of spectral resolution using etalons, the SFG probe volume in bulk analysis, the normalization of SFG signals, the stitching of multiple spectral segments, and the operation in different modes for air/liquid and adsorbate/solid interfaces, bulk samples, as well as spectral imaging combined with principle component analysis (PCA). The SFG spectral features obtained with the MM-BB-SFG system were compared with those obtained with picosecond-scanning-SFG system and high-resolution BB-SFG system (HR-BB-SFG) for dimethyl sulfoxide, α-pinene, and various samples containing cellulose (purified commercial products, Cladophora cell wall, cotton and flax fibers, and onion epidermis cell wall).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kabindra Kafle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shixin Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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25
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McDermott ML, Petersen PB. Robust Self-Referencing Method for Chiral Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12417-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Luke McDermott
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Poul B. Petersen
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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