1
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Salimi A, Chatterjee S, Lee JY. Exposure to the electric field: A potential way to block the aggregation of histidine tautomeric isomers of β-amyloid. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123385. [PMID: 36693605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Controlling protein misfolding and accumulation in neurodegeneration is a challenge in chemical neuroscience. The application of appropriate electric fields (EFs) can be a potential noninvasive therapy to treat neuro disorders. The effect of EFs of varying intensities and directions on the conformational dynamics of β-Amyloid40 (Aβ40) under histidine tautomerism has been investigated for the first time. Our findings suggest that peptides tend to align their dipole moments with the orientation of EF. Irrespective of the EF direction, the dipole moment magnitude is affected by the EF strength. With the conformational changes, the EF strength equal to 0.5 V/nm destroyed the β-sheet content of the δδδ isomer as a potentially toxic agent. The content of the alpha-helical structure which can be transformed into the β-sheet is reduced. The strength of the EF showed a significant influence on the reduction of the number of intra-protein hydrogen bonds especially when EF is equal to 0.5 V/nm which could facilitate destabilization of the structure of the peptides. Current findings provide quantitative insights into the tautomerization-mediated Aβ40 dynamic and conformational changes induced by the external EFs in aqueous solutions, which may provide beneficial information for use as a therapeutic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sompriya Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Chakraborty A, Venkatramani R. Capturing the Polarization Response of Solvated Proteins under Constant Electric Fields in Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200646. [PMID: 36395205 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We capture and compare the polarization response of a solvated globular protein ubiquitin to static electric (E-fields) using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We collectively follow E-field induced changes, electrical and structural, occurring across multiple trajectories using the magnitude of the protein dipole vector (Pp ). E-fields antiparallel to Pp induce faster structural changes and more facile protein unfolding relative to parallel fields of the same strength. While weak E-fields (0.1-0.5 V/nm) do not unfold ubiquitin and produce a reversible polarization, strong E-fields (1-2 V/nm) unfold the protein through a pathway wherein the helix:β-strand interactions rupture before those for the β1-β5 clamp. Independent of E-field direction, high E-field induced structural changes are also reversible if the field is switched off before Pp exceeds 2 times its equilibrium value. We critically examine the dependence of water properties, protein rotational diffusion and E-field induced protein unfolding pathways on the thermostat/barostat parameters used in our simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anustup Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravindra Venkatramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Zheng K, Ji MH, Chu FH, Jiang YH, Yang CK, Xue L, Jiang C. The Effect of External Electric Field on the Conformational Integrity of Trypsin Inhibitor: A Molecular Model Study. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Noble BB, Todorova N, Yarovsky I. Electromagnetic bioeffects: a multiscale molecular simulation perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6327-6348. [PMID: 35245928 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic bioeffects remain an enigma from both the experimental and theoretical perspectives despite the ubiquitous presence of related technologies in contemporary life. Multiscale computational modelling can provide valuable insights into biochemical systems and predict how they will be perturbed by external stimuli. At a microscopic level, it can be used to determine what (sub)molecular scale reactions various stimuli might induce; at a macroscopic level, it can be used to examine how these changes affect dynamic behaviour of essential molecules within the crowded biomolecular milieu in living tissues. In this review, we summarise and evaluate recent computational studies that examined the impact of externally applied electric and electromagnetic fields on biologically relevant molecular systems. First, we briefly outline the various methodological approaches that have been employed to study static and oscillating field effects across different time and length scales. The practical value of such modelling is then illustrated through representative case-studies that showcase the diverse effects of electric and electromagnetic field on the main physiological solvent - water, and the essential biomolecules - DNA, proteins, lipids, as well as some novel biomedically relevant nanomaterials. The implications and relevance of the theoretical multiscale modelling to practical applications in therapeutic medicine are also discussed. Finally, we summarise ongoing challenges and potential opportunities for theoretical modelling to advance the current understanding of electromagnetic bioeffects for their modulation and/or beneficial exploitation in biomedicine and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Noble
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
| | - Nevena Todorova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
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5
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Wu H, Ghaani MR, Futera Z, English NJ. Effects of Externally Applied Electric Fields on the Manipulation of Solvated-Chignolin Folding: Static- versus Alternating-Field Dichotomy at Play. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:376-386. [PMID: 35001614 PMCID: PMC8785190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between a protein and external electric field (EF) can alter its structure and dynamical behavior, which has a potential impact on the biological function of proteins and cause uncertain health consequences. Conversely, the application of EFs of judiciously selected intensity and frequency can help to treat disease, and optimization of this requires a greater understanding of EF-induced effects underpinning basic protein biophysics. In the present study, chignolin─an artificial protein sufficiently small to undergo fast-folding events and transitions─was selected as an ideal prototype to investigate how, and to what extent, externally applied electric fields may manipulate or influence protein-folding phenomena. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations have been performed of solvated chignolin to determine the distribution of folding states and their underlying transition dynamics, in the absence and presence of externally applied electric fields (both static and alternating); a key focus has been to ascertain how folding pathways are altered in an athermal sense by external fields. Compared to zero-field conditions, a dramatically different─indeed, bifurcated─behavior of chignolin-folding processes emerges between static- and alternating-field scenarios, especially vis-à-vis incipient stages of hydrophobic-core formation: in alternating fields, fold-state populations diversified, with an attendant acceleration of state-hopping folding kinetics, featuring the concomitant emergence of a new, quasi-stable structure compared to the native structure, in field-shifted energy landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoLun Wu
- School
of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaani
- School
of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zdeněk Futera
- Faculty
of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Niall J. English
- School
of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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6
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Gorai B, Vashisth H. Progress in Simulation Studies of Insulin Structure and Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:908724. [PMID: 35795141 PMCID: PMC9252437 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.908724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone known for chiefly regulating glucose level in blood among several other metabolic processes. Insulin remains the most effective drug for treating diabetes mellitus. Insulin is synthesized in the pancreatic β-cells where it exists in a compact hexameric architecture although its biologically active form is monomeric. Insulin exhibits a sequence of conformational variations during the transition from the hexamer state to its biologically-active monomer state. The structural transitions and the mechanism of action of insulin have been investigated using several experimental and computational methods. This review primarily highlights the contributions of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in elucidating the atomic-level details of conformational dynamics in insulin, where the structure of the hormone has been probed as a monomer, dimer, and hexamer. The effect of solvent, pH, temperature, and pressure have been probed at the microscopic scale. Given the focus of this review on the structure of the hormone, simulation studies involving interactions between the hormone and its receptor are only briefly highlighted, and studies on other related peptides (e.g., insulin-like growth factors) are not discussed. However, the review highlights conformational dynamics underlying the activities of reported insulin analogs and mimetics. The future prospects for computational methods in developing promising synthetic insulin analogs are also briefly highlighted.
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7
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Todorova N, Bentvelzen A, Yarovsky I. Electromagnetic field modulates aggregation propensity of amyloid peptides. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:035104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5126367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Todorova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
| | - A. Bentvelzen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
| | - I. Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
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8
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Saxena R, Vanga SK, Raghavan V. Effect of thermal and microwave processing on secondary structure of bovine β-lactoglobulin: A molecular modeling study. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12898. [PMID: 31353721 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Milk allergy is known to cause severe allergic reactions in hypersensitive patients, especially in infants and children. β-Lactoglobulin is one of the major allergens in bovine milk. The influence of thermal and microwave processing on the structural deviations of β-lactoglobulin protein have been studied using molecular modeling techniques. The structural deviations are studied using root mean square deviations, radius of gyration, dipole moment, and solvent accessible surface area. STRIDE analysis showed significant changes in the β-lactoglobulin, especially when oscillating electric fields were applied along with heat. Root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) has been assessed for known epitopes in the β-lactoglobulin molecule. This showed that when the protein is exposed to certain thermal stress, it compacts by burying hydrophobic residues in the core. However, few allergic epitope residues also exhibit increased RMSF leading to higher reactive sites on the surface of the protein molecule. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study showed that molecular modeling can be used to gain valuable insights regarding the structural changes during processing. In the future, with more computational capacity, it can be used to make comparison between results obtained from simulations and real-time experiments. The current techniques used in food industries such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction can analyze pre- and post-processing effects. Hence, it become necessary to understand the changes that takes place during the processing techniques. Molecular dynamic simulation could be a useful technique in analyzing the changes occurring during the processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Saxena
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sai Kranthi Vanga
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Pandey G, Morla S, Nemade HB, Kumar S, Ramakrishnan V. Modulation of aggregation with an electric field; scientific roadmap for a potential non-invasive therapy against tauopathies. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4744-4750. [PMID: 35514655 PMCID: PMC9060620 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09993f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic aggregation of tau protein to neurofibrillary tangles (NFTS) is a central pathological event involved in tauopathies. Inhibition of tau protein aggregation can serve as a straightforward therapeutic strategy. However, tau-based therapeutic solutions are not very common. Phenothiazine methylene blue (tau protein inhibitor) is currently the only drug under phase III clinical trials. In this work, a non-invasive strategy is presented for modulating the aggregation of core peptide segments of tau protein (VQIVYK and VQIINK) by using electric fields of varying strengths. We use thioflavin T staining, tyrosine fluorescence assay, electron microscopy, IR, dynamic and static light scattering, and neuronal toxicity estimation, for verifying the effect of electric field on the aggregation kinetics, morphology, conformational state and cellular toxicity of peptide systems. Our observations suggest that electric field arrests the self-assembly of VQIVYK and VQIINK fibrils thereby reducing the neurotoxicity instigated by them. Based on our observations, we propose a prospective scheme for a futuristic non-invasive therapeutic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India +91 361 258 2249 +91 361 258 2227
| | - Sudhir Morla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India +91 361 258 2249 +91 361 258 2227
| | - Harshal B Nemade
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India +91 361 258 2249 +91 361 258 2227
| | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India +91 361 258 2249 +91 361 258 2227
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10
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Todorova N, Yarovsky I. The Enigma of Amyloid Forming Proteins: Insights From Molecular Simulations. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular level insight into the interplay between protein sequence, structure, and conformational dynamics is crucial for the comprehensive understanding of protein folding, misfolding, and aggregation phenomena that are pertinent to the formation of amyloid fibrils implicated in several degenerative diseases. Computational modelling provides insight into protein behaviour at spatial and temporal resolution still largely outside the reach of experiments. Herein we present an account of our theoretical modelling research conducted in collaboration with several experimental groups where we explored the effects of local environment on the structure and aggregation propensity of several types of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins, including apolipoprotein C-II, insulin, amylin, and amyloid-β using a variety of computational approaches.
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11
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Sen S, Chakraborty M, Goley S, Dasgupta S, DasGupta S. Fibrillar disruption by AC electric field induced oscillation: A case study with human serum albumin. Biophys Chem 2017; 226:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Alizadeh H, Davoodi J, Rafii-Tabar H. Deconstruction of the human connexin 26 hemichannel due to an applied electric field; A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 73:108-114. [PMID: 28259639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Connexins are a 21-member membrane protein family constituting channels evolved in direct communication between adjacent cells by passaging cytoplasmic molecules and ions. Hexametrical assembly of connexin proteins in plasma membrane forms a wide aqueous pore known as connexin hemichannel. These hemichannels mediate cytoplasm and extracellular milieu communication both in many external tissues and in the central nervous system. In this study, a series of molecular dynamics simulations has been performed to investigate the effect of applied static and alternating electric fields on the stability and conformation of human connexin26 hemichannel. The root mean square deviations of C-alpha atoms, the dipole moment distribution, the number of inter-protein hydrogen bonds and the number of water-protein hydrogen bonds were used to assess connexin26 hemichannel stability. In the static field case, our results show that although the lowest field used in this study (0.1V/nm) does not lead to the hemichannel deconstruction, stronger fields (>0.1V/nm), however, disrupt the protein structure during the simulations time period. Furthermore, in the alternating case, compared to static field case, field effects on the connexin26 hemichannel conformation are reduced and consequently the protein maintains its native structure for longer times. Specifically, for the highest frequency used in this study (50GHz), the hemichannel keeps its structure even under the effect of the strongest field (0.4V/nm). According to our results, the protein secondary structure is preserved in the characteristic times determined for the protein deconstruction. Consequently, we suggest that the protein deconstruction is due to the tertiary and quaternary structure loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Alizadeh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanajn, Iran
| | - Jamal Davoodi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanajn, Iran
| | - Hashem Rafii-Tabar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Todorova N, Bentvelzen A, English NJ, Yarovsky I. Electromagnetic-field effects on structure and dynamics of amyloidogenic peptides. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:085101. [PMID: 26931725 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are ever-present, and so is the need to better understand their influence on human health and biological matter in general. The interaction between a molecular system and external EMF can alter the structure, and dynamical behaviour, and, hence, biological function of proteins with uncertain health consequences. This urges a detailed investigation of EMF-induced effects on basic protein biophysics. Here, we used all-atom non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to understand and quantify the response mechanisms of the amyloidogenic apoC-II(60-70) peptides to non-ionising radiation by modelling their behaviour under external electromagnetic and electric fields of different strengths. Our simulations show high strength fields (>0.04 V/nm) cause structural changes in apoC-II(60-70) due to the peptide dipole alignment along the applied field direction, which disrupts the inherent β-hairpin conformation known to be the intermediate state for fibril formation. The intermediate field-strength range (0.04-0.004 V/nm) causes a significant acceleration in peptide dynamics, which leads to the increased population of structures with fibril-inhibiting characteristics, such as the separated N- and C-termini and colocation of the aromatic residues at the same peptide face. In contrast, lower field strengths (<0.004 V/nm) promote the formation of the amyloid-prone hairpin structures relative to the ambient conditions. These findings suggest that intermediate-strength electromagnetic fields could be considered for designing alternative treatments of amyloid diseases, while the very high and low field strengths could be employed for engineering well-ordered fibrillar aggregates for non-medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Todorova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alan Bentvelzen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niall J English
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Loughran SP, Al Hossain MS, Bentvelzen A, Elwood M, Finnie J, Horvat J, Iskra S, Ivanova EP, Manavis J, Mudiyanselage CK, Lajevardipour A, Martinac B, McIntosh R, McKenzie R, Mustapic M, Nakayama Y, Pirogova E, Rashid MH, Taylor NA, Todorova N, Wiedemann PM, Vink R, Wood A, Yarovsky I, Croft RJ. Bioelectromagnetics Research within an Australian Context: The Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research (ACEBR). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E967. [PMID: 27690076 PMCID: PMC5086706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mobile phone subscriptions continue to increase across the world, with the electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by these devices, as well as by related technologies such as Wi-Fi and smart meters, now ubiquitous. This increase in use and consequent exposure to mobile communication (MC)-related EMF has led to concern about possible health effects that could arise from this exposure. Although much research has been conducted since the introduction of these technologies, uncertainty about the impact on health remains. The Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research (ACEBR) is a National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence that is undertaking research addressing the most important aspects of the MC-EMF health debate, with a strong focus on mechanisms, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and exposure dosimetry. This research takes as its starting point the current scientific status quo, but also addresses the adequacy of the evidence for the status quo. Risk communication research complements the above, and aims to ensure that whatever is found, it is communicated effectively and appropriately. This paper provides a summary of this ACEBR research (both completed and ongoing), and discusses the rationale for conducting it in light of the prevailing science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Loughran
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Md Shahriar Al Hossain
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Material (ISEM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Alan Bentvelzen
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - Mark Elwood
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
| | - John Finnie
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- SA Pathology, Hanson Institute, Centre for Neurological Diseases, and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Joseph Horvat
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Material (ISEM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Steve Iskra
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- Chief Technology Office, Telstra Corporation, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Jim Manavis
- SA Pathology, Hanson Institute, Centre for Neurological Diseases, and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Chathuranga Keerawella Mudiyanselage
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Alireza Lajevardipour
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Boris Martinac
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia.
| | - Robert McIntosh
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- Chief Technology Office, Telstra Corporation, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Raymond McKenzie
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association, Canberra 2603, Australia.
| | - Mislav Mustapic
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Material (ISEM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | | | - Elena Pirogova
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - M Harunur Rashid
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - Nigel A Taylor
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Nevena Todorova
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - Peter M Wiedemann
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Robert Vink
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- SA Pathology, Hanson Institute, Centre for Neurological Diseases, and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Andrew Wood
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - Rodney J Croft
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
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15
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English NJ, Waldron CJ. Perspectives on external electric fields in molecular simulation: progress, prospects and challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:12407-40. [PMID: 25903011 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the application of a wide variety of external electric fields in molecular simulation shall be discussed, including time-varying and electromagnetic, as well as the utility and potential impact and prospects for exploitation of such simulations for real-world and industrial end use. In particular, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics will be discussed, as well as challenges in addressing adequate thermostatting and scaling field amplitudes to more experimentally relevant levels. Attention shall be devoted to recent progress and advances in external fields in ab initio molecular simulation and dynamics, as well as elusive challenges thereof (and, to some extent, for molecular dynamics from empirical potentials), such as timescales required to observe low-frequency and intensity field effects. The challenge of deterministic molecular dynamics in external fields in sampling phase space shall be discussed, along with prospects for application of fields in enhanced-sampling simulations. Finally, the application of external electric fields to a wide variety of aqueous, nanoscale and biological systems will be discussed, often motivated by the possibility of exploitation in real-world applications, which serve to underpin our molecular-level understanding of field effects in terms of microscopic mechanisms, and possibly with a view to control thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall J English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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16
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Lugli F, Toschi F, Biscarini F, Zerbetto F. Electric Field Effects on Short Fibrils of Aβ Amyloid Peptides. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 6:3516-26. [PMID: 26617101 DOI: 10.1021/ct1001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are highly ordered protein aggregates, which are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. The assembling dynamics of monomeric beta-amyloid peptides, Aβ, into small aggregates (and then into long fibrils) is still debated and has become a hot topic. In this study, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations in explicit water of small Aβ protofibrils (from monomer to pentamer) under the perturbation of an externally applied electric field with the aim of investigating the fundamental molecular interactions involved in the aggregation mechanism. Dynamics of small adducts of Aβ(16-42) in the presence of an electric field, which was shown before to accelerate the conformational change of a single molecule, indicate that the structural resilience increases with the number of molecules in the aggregate. In particular, for 50 ns, the pentamer shows an enhanced stability in secondary structure, number of hydrogen bonds, and number of salt bridges, even in the presence of the field perturbation. The resilience to the field perturbation is linked to the variation of the induced dipole moment of the aggregates that tends to level off very rapidly with the growing number of molecules, thereby reducing the energy available per molecule to produce structural changes. The results also show that in the presence of the field the stability of the hydrophobic second β-sheet (β2, residues 31-42) is higher than that of the first one (β1, residues 18-26). In particular, we identify Gly33, Gly37, and Met35 as the most important residues that stabilize the intermolecular packing and may act as nucleation sites for fibrillization. Furthermore, dynamics of the full-length Aβ(1-42) pentameric aggregate, which include the highly charged random coil residues 1-15, confirmed the key role of the second hydrophobic core in the protofibril structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lugli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and ISMN CNR, V. Gobetti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Toschi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and ISMN CNR, V. Gobetti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and ISMN CNR, V. Gobetti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and ISMN CNR, V. Gobetti, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Wang H, Schütte C. Building Markov State Models for Periodically Driven Non-Equilibrium Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:1819-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500997y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Beijing, China
- Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Schütte
- Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB), Berlin, Germany
- Institute
for Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Benavidez TE, Torrente D, Marucho M, Garcia CD. Adsorption of soft and hard proteins onto OTCEs under the influence of an external electric field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2455-62. [PMID: 25658387 PMCID: PMC4433030 DOI: 10.1021/la504890v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption behavior of hard and soft proteins under the effect of an external electric field was investigated by a combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Optically transparent carbon electrodes (OTCE) were used as conductive, sorbent substrates. Lysozyme (LSZ) and ribonuclease A (RNase A) were selected as representative hard proteins, whereas myoglobin (Mb), α-lactalbumin (α-LAC), bovine serum albumin (BSA), glucose oxidase (GOx), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were selected to represent soft proteins. In line with recent publications from our group, the experimental results revealed that while the adsorption of all investigated proteins can be enhanced by the potential applied to the electrode, the effect is more pronounced for hard proteins. In contrast with the incomplete monolayers formed at open-circuit potential, the application of +800 mV to the sorbent surface induced the formation of multiple layers of protein. These results suggest that this effect can be related to the intrinsic polarizability of the protein (induction of dipoles), the resulting surface accessible solvent area (SASA), and structural rearrangements induced upon the incorporation on the protein layer. The described experiments are critical to understand the relationship between the structure of proteins and their tendency to form (under electric stimulation) layers with thicknesses that greatly surpass those obtained at open-circuit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás E. Benavidez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Daniel Torrente
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Marcelo Marucho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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19
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Astrakas LG, Gousias C, Tzaphlidou M. Electric field effects on alanine tripeptide in sodium halide solutions. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 34:361-9. [PMID: 25006865 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.936065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The electric field effects on conformational properties of trialanine in different halide solutions were explored with long-scale molecular dynamics simulations. NaF, NaCl, NaBr and NaI solutions of low (0.2 M) and high (2 M) concentrations were exposed to a constant electric field of 1000 V/m. Generally, the electric field does not disturb trialanine's structure. Large structural changes appear only in the case of the supersaturated 2.0 M NaF solution containing NaF crystals. Although the electric field affects in a complex way, all the ions-water-peptide interactions, it predominantly affects the electroselectivity effect, which describes specific interactions such as the ion-pair formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas G Astrakas
- a Laboratories of Medical Physics , Medical School, University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Christos Gousias
- a Laboratories of Medical Physics , Medical School, University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Margaret Tzaphlidou
- a Laboratories of Medical Physics , Medical School, University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
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20
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Wang X, Li Y, He X, Chen S, Zhang JZH. Effect of strong electric field on the conformational integrity of insulin. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8942-52. [PMID: 24796962 DOI: 10.1021/jp501051r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations up to 1 μs for bovine insulin monomer in different external electric fields were carried out to study the effect of external electric field on conformational integrity of insulin. Our results show that the secondary structure of insulin is kept intact under the external electric field strength below 0.15 V/nm, but disruption of secondary structure is observed at 0.25 V/nm or higher electric field strength. Although the starting time of secondary structure disruption of insulin is not clearly correlated with the strength of the external electric field ranging between 0.15 and 0.60 V/nm, long time MD simulations demonstrate that the cumulative effect of exposure time under the electric field is a major cause for the damage of insulin's secondary structure. In addition, the strength of the external electric field has a significant impact on the lifetime of hydrogen bonds when it is higher than 0.60 V/nm. The fast evolution of some hydrogen bonds of bovine insulin in the presence of the 1.0 V/nm electric field shows that different microwaves could either speed up protein folding or destroy the secondary structure of globular proteins deponding on the intensity of the external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Science, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
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Wang H, Schütte C, Ciccotti G, Delle Site L. Exploring the Conformational Dynamics of Alanine Dipeptide in Solution Subjected to an External Electric Field: A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:1376-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Institute
for Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Schütte
- Institute
for Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Zuse Institute Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giovanni Ciccotti
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università “La Sapienza” and CNISM, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Delle Site
- Institute
for Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Effect of External Electric Field Stress on Gliadin Protein Conformation. Proteomes 2013; 1:25-39. [PMID: 28250397 PMCID: PMC5302742 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes1020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular dynamic (MD) modeling approach was applied to evaluate the effect of external electric field on gliadin protein structure and surface properties. Static electric field strengths of 0.001 V/nm and 0.002 V/nm induced conformational changes in the protein but had no significant effect on its surface properties. The study of hydrogen bond evolution during the course of simulation revealed that the root mean square deviation, radius of gyration and secondary structure formation, all depend significantly on the number hydrogen bonds formed. This study demonstrated that it is necessary to gain insight into protein dynamics under external electric field stress, in order to develop the novel food processing techniques that can be potentially used to reduce or eradicate food allergens.
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Singh A, Orsat V, Raghavan V. Soybean hydrophobic protein response to external electric field: a molecular modeling approach. Biomolecules 2013; 3:168-79. [PMID: 24970163 PMCID: PMC4030879 DOI: 10.3390/biom3010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular dynamic (MD) modeling approach was applied to evaluate the effect of an external electric field on soybean hydrophobic protein and surface properties. Nominal electric field strengths of 0.002 V/nm and 0.004 V/nm had no major effect on the structure and surface properties of the protein isolate but the higher electric field strength of 3 V/nm significantly affected the protein conformation and solvent accessible surface area. The response of protein isolate to various external field stresses demonstrated that it is necessary to gain insight into protein dynamics under electromagnetic fields in order to be able to develop the techniques utilizing them for food processing and other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21,111 Rue Lakeshore, Ste-anne-de-bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Valérie Orsat
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21,111 Rue Lakeshore, Ste-anne-de-bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21,111 Rue Lakeshore, Ste-anne-de-bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Damm M, Nusshold C, Cantillo D, Rechberger GN, Gruber K, Sattler W, Kappe CO. Can electromagnetic fields influence the structure and enzymatic digest of proteins? A critical evaluation of microwave-assisted proteomics protocols. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5533-43. [PMID: 22889711 PMCID: PMC3484400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This study reevaluates the putative advantages of microwave-assisted tryptic digests compared to conventionally heated protocols performed at the same temperature. An initial investigation of enzyme stability in a temperature range of 37-80 °C demonstrated that trypsin activity declines sharply at temperatures above 60 °C, regardless if microwave dielectric heating or conventional heating is employed. Tryptic digests of three proteins of different size (bovine serum albumin, cytochrome c and β-casein) were thus performed at 37 °C and 50 °C using both microwave and conventional heating applying accurate internal fiber-optic probe reaction temperature measurements. The impact of the heating method on protein degradation and peptide fragment generation was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS. Time-dependent tryptic digestion of the three proteins and subsequent analysis of the corresponding cleavage products by MALDI-TOF provided virtually identical results for both microwave and conventional heating. In addition, the impact of electromagnetic field strength on the tertiary structure of trypsin and BSA was evaluated by molecular mechanics calculations. These simulations revealed that the applied field in a typical laboratory microwave reactor is 3-4 orders of magnitude too low to induce conformational changes in proteins or enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Damm
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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25
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Solomentsev GY, English NJ, Mooney DA. Effects of external electromagnetic fields on the conformational sampling of a short alanine peptide. J Comput Chem 2012; 33:917-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Boriraksantikul N, Bhattacharyya KD, Whiteside PJD, O'Brien C, Kirawanich P, Viator JA, Islam NE. CASE STUDY OF HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION EFFECTS OF 850 MHZ ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS USING GTEM CELL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2528/pierb12022015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Elferchichi M, Mercier J, Bourret A, Gross R, Lajoix AD, Belguith H, Abdelmelek H, Sakly M, Lambert K. Is static magnetic field exposure a new model of metabolic alteration? Comparison with Zucker rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:483-90. [PMID: 21219108 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.544371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate if the metabolic alterations observed after static magnetic field (SMF) exposure participates in the development of a pre-diabetic state. A comparison study using the insulin resistant animal model, the Zucker rat and the SMF-exposed Wistar rat was carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zucker rats were compared to Wistar rats either exposed to a 128 mT or 0 mT SMF (sham exposed) and analysed. This moderate-intensity SMF exposure of Wistar rats was performed for 1 h/day during 15 consecutive days. RESULTS Wistar rats exposed to the SMF showed increased levels of carbohydrate and lipid metabolites (i.e., lactate, glycerol, cholesterol and phospholipids) compared to sham-exposed rats. Zucker rats displayed a normoglycemia associated with a high insulin level as opposed to Wistar rats which presented hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia after exposure to the SMF. During the glucose tolerance test, unexposed Zucker rats and Wistar rats exposed to the SMF exhibited a significantly higher hyperglycemia compared to sham-exposed Wistar rats suggesting an impairment of glucose clearance. In muscle, glycogen content was lower and phospholipids content was elevated for both unexposed Zucker rats and Wistar rats exposed to the SMF compared to Wistar rats sham control. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that the metabolic alterations following exposure to a static magnetic field of moderate intensity could trigger the development of a pre-diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Elferchichi
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Zhao W, Yang R. Experimental Study on Conformational Changes of Lysozyme in Solution Induced by Pulsed Electric Field and Thermal Stresses. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:503-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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Todorova N, Marinelli F, Piana S, Yarovsky I. Exploring the folding free energy landscape of insulin using bias exchange metadynamics. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:3556-64. [PMID: 19243106 DOI: 10.1021/jp809776v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bias exchange metadynamics (BE-META) technique was applied to investigate the folding mechanism of insulin, one of the most studied and biologically important proteins. The BE-META simulations were performed starting from an extended conformation of chain B of insulin, using only eight replicas and seven reaction coordinates. The folded state, together with the intermediate states along the folding pathway were identified and their free energy was determined. Three main basins were found separated from one another by a large free energy barrier. The characteristic native fold of chain B was observed in one basin, while the other two most populated basins contained "molten-globule" conformations stabilized by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, respectively. Transitions between the three basins occur on the microsecond time scale. The implications and relevance of this finding to the folding mechanisms of insulin were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Todorova
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Toschi F, Lugli F, Biscarini F, Zerbetto F. Effects of Electric Field Stress on a β-Amyloid Peptide. J Phys Chem B 2008; 113:369-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807896g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Toschi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and ISMN CNR, V. Gobetti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Lugli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and ISMN CNR, V. Gobetti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and ISMN CNR, V. Gobetti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and ISMN CNR, V. Gobetti, Bologna, Italy
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