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Wu X, Cao C, Zhou C, Wu W. Hybrid Density Functional Valence Bond Method with Multistate Treatment. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 38279919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Recently, a hybrid density functional valence bond (VB) method, λ-DFVB(U), has been proposed and shown to give accuracy that is comparable to that of CASPT2 in calculations of atomization energies, atomic excitation energies, and reaction barriers, while its computational cost is approximately the same as the valence bond self-consistent-field (VBSCF) method. However, the interaction between electronic states is not included in λ-DFVB(U) since the last step of λ-DFVB(U) is not a diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix on the electronic state basis. Therefore, λ-DFVB(U) gives the wrong topology of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) near the conical intersection region. In the present paper, we propose a novel hybrid density functional VB method with multistate treatment, named λ-DFVB(MS), in which an effective Hamiltonian matrix is constructed on the basis of the diabatic states obtained by the valence-bond-based compression approach for the diabatization scheme, and the interaction between electronic states can be included through the diagonalization of the effective Hamiltonian matrix. Test calculations show that λ-DFVB(MS) gives the correct topology of the PESs near the conical intersection region. We also show that the VBSCF wave function with selected VB structures can be applied as a reference in λ-DFVB(MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chan Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Thompson LM, Kempfer-Robertson EM, Saha S, Parmar S, Kozlowski PM. Nonorthogonal Multireference Wave Function Description of Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer Couplings. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7685-7694. [PMID: 37862602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the use of self-consistent field quasi-diabats is investigated for calculation of triplet energy transfer diabatic coupling elements. It is proposed that self-consistent field quasi-diabats are particularly useful for studying energy transfer (EnT) processes because orbital relaxation in response to changes in electron configuration is implicitly built into the model. The conceptual model that is developed allows for the simultaneous evaluation of direct and charge-transfer mechanisms to establish the importance of the different possible EnT mechanisms. The method's performance is evaluated using two model systems: the ethylene dimer and ethylene with the methaniminium cation. While states that mediate the charge-transfer mechanism were found to be higher in energy than the states involved in the direct mechanism, the coupling elements that control the kinetics were found to be significantly larger in the charge-transfer mechanism. Subsequently, we discuss the advantage of the approach in the context of practical difficulties with the use of established approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40929, United States
| | | | - Saptarshi Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40929, United States
| | - Saurav Parmar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40929, United States
| | - Pawel M Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40929, United States
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3
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Zhu H, Zhao R, Lu Y, Liu M, Zhang J, Gao J. Leveling the Mountain Range of Excited-State Benchmarking through Multistate Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8473-8485. [PMID: 37768927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The performance of multistate density functional theory (MSDFT) with nonorthogonal state interaction (NOSI) is assessed for 100 vertical excitation energies against the theoretical best estimates extracted to the full configuration interaction accuracy on the database developed by Loos et al. in 2018 (Loos2018). Two optimization techniques, namely, block-localized excitation and target state optimization, are examined along with two ways of estimating the transition density functional (TDF) for the correlation energy of the Hamiltonian matrix density functional. The results from the two optimization methods are similar. It was found that MSDFT-NOSI using the spin-multiplet degeneracy constraint for the TDF of spin-coupling interaction, along with the M06-2X functional, yields a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.22 eV, which performs noticeably better than time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) at an RMSE of 0.43 eV using the same functional and basis set on the Loos2018 database. In comparison with wave function theory, NOSI has smaller errors than CIS(D∞), LR-CC2, and ADC(3) all of which have an RMSE of 0.28 eV, but somewhat greater than STEOM-CCSD (RMSE of 0.14 eV) and LR-CCSD (RMSE of 0.11 eV) wave function methods. In comparison with Kohn-Sham (KS) DFT calculations, the multistate DFT approach has little double counting of correlation. Importantly, there is no noticeable difference in the performance of MSDFT-NOSI on the valence, Rydberg, singlet, triplet, and double-excitation states. Although the use of another hybrid functional PBE0 leads to a greater RMSE of 0.36 eV, the deviation is systematic with a linear regression slope of 0.994 against the results with M06-2X. The present benchmark reveals that density functional approximations developed for KS-DFT for the ground state with a noninteracting reference may be adopted in MSDFT calculations in which the state interaction is key.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yangyi Lu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Meiyi Liu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Hettich C, Zhang X, Kemper D, Zhao R, Zhou S, Lu Y, Gao J, Zhang J, Liu M. Multistate Energy Decomposition Analysis of Molecular Excited States. JACS AU 2023; 3:1800-1819. [PMID: 37502166 PMCID: PMC10369419 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A multistate energy decomposition analysis (MS-EDA) method is described to dissect the energy components in molecular complexes in excited states. In MS-EDA, the total binding energy of an excimer or an exciplex is partitioned into a ground-state term, called local interaction energy, and excited-state contributions that include exciton excitation energy, superexchange stabilization, and orbital and configuration-state delocalization. An important feature of MS-EDA is that key intermediate states associated with different energy terms can be variationally optimized, providing quantitative insights into widely used physical concepts such as exciton delocalization and superexchange charge-transfer effects in excited states. By introducing structure-weighted adiabatic excitation energy as the minimum photoexcitation energy needed to produce an excited-state complex, the binding energy of an exciplex and excimer can be defined. On the basis of the nature of intermolecular forces through MS-EDA analysis, it was found that molecular complexes in the excited states can be classified into three main categories, including (1) encounter excited-state complex, (2) charge-transfer exciplex, and (3) intimate excimer or exciplex. The illustrative examples in this Perspective highlight the interplay of local excitation polarization, exciton resonance, and superexchange effects in molecular excited states. It is hoped that MS-EDA can be a useful tool for understanding photochemical and photobiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
P. Hettich
- Department
of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- School
of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - David Kemper
- Department
of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shaoyuan Zhou
- School
of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yangyi Lu
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department
of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- School
of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Meiyi Liu
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Abstract
A multistate energy decomposition analysis (MS-EDA) method is introduced for excimers using density functional theory. Although EDA has been widely applied to intermolecular interactions in the ground state, few methods are currently available for excited-state complexes. Here, the total energy of an excimer state is separated into exciton excitation energy ΔEEx(|ΨX·ΨY⟩*), resulting from the state interaction between locally excited monomer states |ΨX*·ΨY⟩ and |ΨX·ΨY*⟩ , a superexchange stabilization energy ΔESE, originating from the mutual charge transfer between two monomers |ΨX+·ΨY⟩ and |ΨX-·ΨY+⟩ , and an orbital-and-configuration delocalization term ΔEOCD due to the expansion of configuration space and block-localized orbitals to the fully delocalized dimer system. Although there is no net charge transfer in symmetric excimer cases, the resonance of charge-transfer states is critical to stabilizing the excimer. The monomer localized excited and charge-transfer states are variationally optimized, forming a minimal active space for nonorthogonal state interaction (NOSI) calculations in multistate density functional theory to yield the intermediate states for energy analysis. The present MS-EDA method focuses on properties unique to excited states, providing insights into exciton coupling, superexchange and delocalization energies. MS-EDA is illustrated on the acetone and pentacene excimer systems; three configurations of the latter case are examined, including the optimized excimer, a stacked configuration of two pentacene molecules and the fishbone orientation. It is found that excited-state energy splitting is strongly dependent on the relative energies of the monomer excited states and the phase-matching of the monomer wave functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130023, China
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Christian Hettich
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Meiyi Liu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Zhang J, Tang Z, Zhang X, Zhu H, Zhao R, Lu Y, Gao J. Target State Optimized Density Functional Theory for Electronic Excited and Diabatic States. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1777-1789. [PMID: 36917687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A flexible self-consistent field method, called target state optimization (TSO), is presented for exploring electronic excited configurations and localized diabatic states. The key idea is to partition molecular orbitals into different subspaces according to the excitation or localization pattern for a target state. Because of the orbital-subspace constraint, orbitals belonging to different subspaces do not mix. Furthermore, the determinant wave function for such excited or diabatic configurations can be variationally optimized as a ground state procedure, unlike conventional ΔSCF methods, without the possibility of collapsing back to the ground state or other lower-energy configurations. The TSO method can be applied both in Hartree-Fock theory and in Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT). The density projection procedure and the working equations for implementing the TSO method are described along with several illustrative applications. For valence excited states of organic compounds, it was found that the computed excitation energies from TSO-DFT and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) are of similar quality with average errors of 0.5 and 0.4 eV, respectively. For core excitation, doubly excited states and charge-transfer states, the performance of TSO-DFT is clearly superior to that from conventional TD-DFT calculations. It is shown that variationally optimized charge-localized diabatic states can be defined using TSO-DFT in energy decomposition analysis to gain both qualitative and quantitative insights on intermolecular interactions. Alternatively, the variational diabatic states may be used in molecular dynamics simulation of charge transfer processes. The TSO method can also be used to define basis states in multistate density functional theory for excited states through nonorthogonal state interaction calculations. The software implementing TSO-DFT can be accessed from the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023 Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yangyi Lu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Lu Y, Zhao R, Zhang J, Liu M, Gao J. Minimal Active Space: NOSCF and NOSI in Multistate Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6407-6420. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Lu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518055, China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province130023, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Meiyi Liu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
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Han J, Zhao R, Guo Y, Qu Z, Gao J. Minimal Active Space for Diradicals Using Multistate Density Functional Theory. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113466. [PMID: 35684406 PMCID: PMC9182067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the electronic structure as well as the reactivity of singlet diradicals, making use of multistate density functional theory (MSDFT). In particular, we show that a minimal active space of two electrons in two orbitals is adequate to treat the relative energies of the singlet and triplet adiabatic ground state as well as the first singlet excited state in many cases. This is plausible because dynamic correlation is included in the first place in the optimization of orbitals in each determinant state via block-localized Kohn–Sham density functional theory. In addition, molecular fragment, i.e., block-localized Kohn–Sham orbitals, are optimized separately for each determinant, providing a variational diabatic representation of valence bond-like states, which are subsequently used in nonorthogonal state interactions (NOSIs). The computational procedure and its performance are illustrated on some prototypical diradical species. It is shown that NOSI calculations in MSDFT can be used to model bond dissociation and hydrogen-atom transfer reactions, employing a minimal number of configuration state functions as the basis states. For p- and s-types of diradicals, the closed-shell diradicals are found to be more reactive than the open-shell ones due to a larger diabatic coupling with the final product state. Such a diabatic representation may be useful to define reaction coordinates for electron transfer, proton transfer and coupled electron and proton transfer reactions in condensed-phase simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Han
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (J.H.); (R.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (J.H.); (R.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (J.H.); (R.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zexing Qu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (J.H.); (R.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Q.); (J.G.)
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Beijing (Peking) University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.Q.); (J.G.)
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Shu Y, Varga Z, Kanchanakungwankul S, Zhang L, Truhlar DG. Diabatic States of Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:992-1018. [PMID: 35138102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative simulations of electronically nonadiabatic molecular processes require both accurate dynamics algorithms and accurate electronic structure information. Direct semiclassical nonadiabatic dynamics is expensive due to the high cost of electronic structure calculations, and hence it is limited to small systems, limited ensemble averaging, ultrafast processes, and/or electronic structure methods that are only semiquantitatively accurate. The cost of dynamics calculations can be made manageable if analytic fits are made to the electronic structure data, and such fits are most conveniently carried out in a diabatic representation because the surfaces are smooth and the couplings between states are smooth scalar functions. Diabatic representations, unlike the adiabatic ones produced by most electronic structure methods, are not unique, and finding suitable diabatic representations often involves time-consuming nonsystematic diabatization steps. The biggest drawback of using diabatic bases is that it can require large amounts of effort to perform a globally consistent diabatization, and one of our goals has been to develop methods to do this efficiently and automatically. In this Feature Article, we introduce the mathematical framework of diabatic representations, and we discuss diabatization methods, including adiabatic-to-diabatic transformations and recent progress toward the goal of automatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Siriluk Kanchanakungwankul
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Linyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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Liu J, He X, Wu B. Unified Formulation of Phase Space Mapping Approaches for Nonadiabatic Quantum Dynamics. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4215-4228. [PMID: 34756027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic dynamical processes are one of the most important quantum mechanical phenomena in chemical, materials, biological, and environmental molecular systems, where the coupling between different electronic states is either inherent in the molecular structure or induced by the (intense) external field. The curse of dimensionality indicates the intractable exponential scaling of calculation effort with system size and restricts the implementation of "numerically exact" approaches for realistic large systems. The phase space formulation of quantum mechanics offers an important theoretical framework for constructing practical approximate trajectory-based methods for quantum dynamics. This Account reviews our recent progress in phase space mapping theory: a unified framework for constructing the mapping Hamiltonian on phase space for coupled F-state systems where the renowned Meyer-Miller Hamiltonian model is a special case, a general phase space formulation of quantum mechanics for nonadiabatic systems where the electronic degrees of freedom are mapped onto constraint space and the nuclear degrees of freedom are mapped onto infinite space, and an isomorphism between the mapping phase space approach for nonadiabatic systems and that for nonequilibrium electron transport processes. While the zero-point-energy parameter is conventionally assumed to be positive, we show that the constraint implied in the conventional Meyer-Miller mapping Hamiltonian requires that such a parameter can be negative as well and lies in (-1/F, +∞) for each electronic degree of freedom. More importantly, the zero-point-energy parameter should be interpreted as a special case of a commutator matrix in the comprehensive phase space mapping Hamiltonian for nonadiabatic systems. From the rigorous formulation of mapping phase space, we propose approximate but practical trajectory-based nonadiabatic dynamics methods. The applications to both gas phase and condensed phase problems include the spin-boson model for condensed phase dissipative two-state systems, the three-state photodissociation models, the seven-site model of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson monomer in photosynthesis of green sulfur bacteria, the strongly coupled molecular/atomic matter-optical cavity systems designed for controlling and manipulating chemical dynamical processes, and the Landauer model for a quantum dot state coupled with two electrodes. In these applications the overall performance of our phase space mapping dynamics approach is superior to two prevailing trajectory-based methods, Ehrenfest dynamics and fewest switches surface hopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baihua Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Kumar A, DeGregorio N, Iyengar SS. Graph-Theory-Based Molecular Fragmentation for Efficient and Accurate Potential Surface Calculations in Multiple Dimensions. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6671-6690. [PMID: 34623129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a multitopology molecular fragmentation approach, based on graph theory, to calculate multidimensional potential energy surfaces in agreement with post-Hartree-Fock levels of theory but at the density functional theory cost. A molecular assembly is coarse-grained into a set of graph-theoretic nodes that are then connected with edges to represent a collection of locally interacting subsystems up to an arbitrary order. Each of the subsystems is treated at two levels of electronic structure theory, the result being used to construct many-body expansions that are embedded within an ONIOM scheme. These expansions converge rapidly with the many-body order (or graphical rank) of subsystems and capture many-body interactions accurately and efficiently. However, multiple graphs, and hence multiple fragmentation topologies, may be defined in molecular configuration space that may arise during conformational sampling or from reactive, bond breaking and bond formation, events. Obtaining the resultant potential surfaces is an exponential scaling proposition, given the number of electronic structure computations needed. We utilize a family of graph-theoretic representations within a variational scheme to obtain multidimensional potential surfaces at a reduced cost. The fast convergence of the graph-theoretic expansion with increasing order of many-body interactions alleviates the exponential scaling cost for computing potential surfaces, with the need to only use molecular fragments that contain a fewer number of quantum nuclear degrees of freedom compared to the full system. This is because the dimensionality of the conformational space sampled by the fragment subsystems is much smaller than the full molecular configurational space. Additionally, we also introduce a multidimensional clustering algorithm, based on physically defined criteria, to reduce the number of energy calculations by orders of magnitude. The molecular systems benchmarked include coupled proton motion in protonated water wires. The potential energy surfaces and multidimensional nuclear eigenstates obtained are shown to be in very good agreement with those from explicit post-Hartree-Fock calculations that become prohibitive as the number of quantum nuclear dimensions grows. The developments here provide a rigorous and efficient alternative to this important chemical physics problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Nicole DeGregorio
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Srinivasan S Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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12
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Ren M, Zhang L, Jiao Y, Chen Z, Wu W. Extended Mulliken-Hush Method with Applications to the Theoretical Study of Electron Transfer. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6861-6875. [PMID: 34605634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel adiabatic-to-diabatic (ATD) transformation strategy, namely, the extended Mulliken-Hush (XMH) method, is proposed to evaluate diabatic properties including electronic couplings, potential energy surfaces, and their crossings. The XMH method is developed by adopting our recently proposed ATD transformation formula of a general vectorial physical observable, in which a useful ATD transformation is further determined by using an auxiliary dipole between localized frontier orbitals as a simple approximation of the diabatic transition dipole. The XMH method is simple and practical that provides a flexible way to construct diabatic states. To some extent, it can be regarded as an extension of the generalized Mulliken-Hush (GMH) method since the latter takes a stronger approximation, in which the diabatic transition dipole is assumed to be vanishing. Test calculations on the HeH2+ system show that the electronic couplings predicted by the XMH method are closer to the ones calculated by the valence bond block-diagonalization approach than the GMH ones since the XMH method takes into account both the magnitude and direction of the diabatic transition dipole, which is consistent with the properties of this molecule. In the study of electron transfer in the two kinds of donor-bridge-acceptor systems, the XMH method maintains the simplicity of the GMH method and gives reasonable results even when the latter fails, wherein the diabatic transition dipole is nearly perpendicular to the difference of the initial and final adiabatic dipoles. More importantly, the XMH method can be easily combined with high-level electronic structure methods, in which the properties of the ground and excited states may be more accurately calculated, and hence, one may expect that further development of the XMH method would result in a general computational model for studying electron transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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13
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Zhao R, Grofe A, Wang Z, Bao P, Chen X, Liu W, Gao J. Dynamic-then-Static Approach for Core Excitations of Open-Shell Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7409-7417. [PMID: 34328742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delta self-consistent-field methods are widely used in studies of electronically excited states. However, the nonaufbau determinants are generally spin-contaminated. Here, we describe a general approach for spin-coupling interactions of open-shell molecules, making use of multistate density functional theory (MSDFT). In particular, the effective exchange integrals that determine spin coupling are obtained by enforcing the multiplet degeneracy of the S+1 state in the MS = S manifold. Consequently, they are consistent with the energy of the high-spin state that is adequately treated by Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) and, thereby, free of double counting of correlation. The method was applied to core excitations of open-shell molecules and compared with those by spin-adapted time-dependent DFT. An excellent agreement with experiment was found employing the BLYP functional and aug-cc-pCVQZ basis set. Overall, MSDFT provides an effective combination of the strengths of DFT and wave function theory to achieve efficiency and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023, Jilin, China
| | - Adam Grofe
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023, Jilin, China
| | - Zikuan Wang
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
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14
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Grofe A, Gao J, Li X. Exact-two-component block-localized wave function: A simple scheme for the automatic computation of relativistic ΔSCF. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:014103. [PMID: 34241404 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Block-localized wave function is a useful method for optimizing constrained determinants. In this article, we extend the generalized block-localized wave function technique to a relativistic two-component framework. Optimization of excited state determinants for two-component wave functions presents a unique challenge because the excited state manifold is often quite dense with degenerate states. Furthermore, we test the degree to which certain symmetries result naturally from the ΔSCF optimization such as time-reversal symmetry and symmetry with respect to the total angular momentum operator on a series of atomic systems. Variational optimizations may often break the symmetry in order to lower the overall energy, just as unrestricted Hartree-Fock breaks spin symmetry. Overall, we demonstrate that time-reversal symmetry is roughly maintained when using Hartree-Fock, but less so when using Kohn-Sham density functional theory. Additionally, maintaining total angular momentum symmetry appears to be system dependent and not guaranteed. Finally, we were able to trace the breaking of total angular momentum symmetry to the relaxation of core electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grofe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; and Beijing University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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15
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Yin Z, Braams BJ, Fu B, Zhang DH. Neural Network Representation of Three-State Quasidiabatic Hamiltonians Based on the Transformation Properties from a Valence Bond Model: Three Singlet States of H3+. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1678-1690. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bastiaan J. Braams
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), the Dutch National Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bina Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Dong H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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16
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Wang YC, Feng S, Liang W, Zhao Y. Electronic Couplings for Photoinduced Charge Transfer and Excitation Energy Transfer Based on Fragment Particle-Hole Densities. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1032-1039. [PMID: 33470827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new scheme is proposed to calculate the electronic couplings for photoinduced charge transfer and excitation energy transfer for both singlet and triplet states. In this scheme, the locally excited and charge-transfer states are constructed from the adiabatic ones by maximally localizing the particle (i.e., electron) and hole densities in terms of predefined molecular fragments. The construction process, after which the electronic couplings are directly obtained, is highly efficient and can be combined with various kinds of preliminary electronic structure calculations as long as the adiabatic excitation energies and transition densities are available. The method also applies to the systems with multiple charge or excitation centers. Its validity is demonstrated by the applications to the 6,13-dichloropentacene dimer and tetramer and the C60-Zn porphyrin dyad. The results reveal that the environment has a strong impact on the electronic couplings and can even enlarge those for long-range charge transfer by several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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17
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Bao P, Hettich CP, Shi Q, Gao J. Block-Localized Excitation for Excimer Complex and Diabatic Coupling. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 17:240-254. [PMID: 33370101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a block-localized excitation (BLE) method to carry out constrained optimization of block-localized orbitals for constructing valence bond-like, diabatic excited configurations using multistate density functional theory (MSDFT). The method is an extension of the previous block-localized wave function method through a fragment-based ΔSCF approach to optimize excited determinants within a molecular complex. In BLE, both the number of electrons and the electronic spin of different fragments in a whole system can be constrained, whereas electrostatic, exchange, and polarization interactions among different blocks can be fully taken into account of. To avoid optimization collapse to unwanted states, a ΔSCF projection scheme and a maximum overlap of wave function approach have been presented. The method is illustrated by the excimer complex of two naphthalene molecules. With a minimum of eight spin-adapted configurational state functions, it was found that the inversion of La- and Lb- states near the optimal structure of the excimer complex is correctly produced, which is in quantitative agreement with DMRG-CASPT2 calculations and experiments. Trends in the computed transfer integrals associated with excited-state energy transfer both in the singlet and triplet states are discussed. The results suggest that MSDFT may be used as an efficient approach to treat intermolecular interactions in excited states with a minimal active space (MAS) for interpretation of the results and for dynamic simulations, although the selection of a small active space is often system dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Christian P Hettich
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Beijing University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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18
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Grofe A, Zhao R, Wildman A, Stetina TF, Li X, Bao P, Gao J. Generalization of Block-Localized Wave Function for Constrained Optimization of Excited Determinants. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 17:277-289. [PMID: 33356213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The block-localized wave function method is useful to provide insights on chemical bonding and intermolecular interactions through energy decomposition analysis. The method relies on block localization of molecular orbitals (MOs) by constraining the orbitals to basis functions within given blocks. Here, a generalized block-localized orbital (GBLO) method is described to allow both physically localized and delocalized MOs to be constrained in orbital-block definitions. Consequently, GBLO optimization can be conveniently tailored by imposing specific constraints. The GBLO method is illustrated by three examples: (1) constrained polarization response orbitals through dipole and quadrupole perturbation in a water dimer complex, (2) the ground and first excited-state potential energy curves of ethene about its C-C bond rotation, and (3) excitation energies of double electron excited states. Multistate density functional theory is used to determine the energies of the adiabatic ground and excited states using a minimal active space (MAS) comprising specifically charge-constrained and excited determinant configurations that are variationally optimized by the GBLO method. We find that the GBLO expansion that includes delocalized MOs in configurational blocks significantly reduces computational errors in comparison with physical block localization, and the computed ground- and excited-state energies are in good accordance with experiments and results obtained from multireference configuration interaction calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grofe
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130023, China.,Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ruoqi Zhao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130023, China.,Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Andrew Wildman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Torin F Stetina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Peng Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Beijing University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Zhang Y, Su P, Lasorne B, Braïda B, Wu W. A Novel Valence-Bond-Based Automatic Diabatization Method by Compression. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5295-5301. [PMID: 32521163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel valence-bond-based automatic diabatization method by compression, called valence-bond-based compression approach for dibatization (VBCAD), is presented in this Letter. It is a "black-box" type method that provides an automatic diabatization from a classical valence bond (VB) perspective. In VBCAD, a model space projection is performed by an eigenvalue decomposition algorithm followed by dimensional reduction based on a sequence of Householder transformations. Our diabaticity criterion is implemented in a way that maximizes the diversity of VB structure weights between different diabatic states. Owing to the rigorous Householder transformations employed in this entire procedure, the invariance of the target eigensubspace is preserved. This is illustrated on two prototypical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Peifeng Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | | | - Benoît Braïda
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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20
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Fu Z, Yang L, Sun D, Qu Z, Zhao Y, Gao J, Wang Y. Coupled electron and proton transfer in the piperidine drug metabolism pathway by the active species of cytochromes P450. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11099-11107. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03056e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
KS-DFT and MSDFT studies reveal a novel CEPT step that triggers ring contraction of piperidines by P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Lili Yang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Dongru Sun
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Zexing Qu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
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21
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Wang L, Qiu J, Bai X, Xu J. Surface hopping methods for nonadiabatic dynamics in extended systems. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High‐Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High‐Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xin Bai
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High‐Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jiabo Xu
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High‐Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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22
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Liu M, Chen X, Grofe A, Gao J. Diabatic States at Construction (DAC) through Generalized Singular Value Decomposition. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6038-6046. [PMID: 30277783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A procedure, called generalized diabatic-at-construction (GDAC), is presented to transform adiabatic potential energy surfaces into a diabatic representation by generalized singular value decomposition. First, we use a set of localized, valence bond-like configuration state functions, called DAC, as the basis states. Then, the adiabatic ground and relevant excited states are determined using multistate density functional theory (MSDFT). GDAC differs in the opposite direction from traditional approaches based on adiabatic-to-diabatic transformation with certain property restraints. The method is illustrated with applications to a model first-order bond dissociation reaction of CH3OCH2Cl polarized by a solvent molecule, the ground- and first-excited-state potential energy surfaces near the minimum conical intersection for the ammonia dimer photodissociation, and the multiple avoided curve crossings in the dissociation of lithium hydride. The GDAC diabatization method may be useful for defining charge-localized states in studies of electron transfer and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province 130023 , China
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province 130023 , China
| | - Adam Grofe
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province 130023 , China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province 130023 , China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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23
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Lin X, Liu X, Ying F, Chen Z, Wu W. Explicit construction of diabatic state and its application to the direct evaluation of electronic coupling. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:044112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5035114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Fuming Ying
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChem and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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24
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Bylaska EJ, Rosso K. Corresponding Orbitals Derived from Periodic Bloch States for Electron Transfer Calculations of Transition Metal Oxides. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4416-4426. [PMID: 29912558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An approach for modeling electron transfer in solids and at surfaces of iron-(oxyhydr)oxides and other redox active solids has been developed for electronic structure methods (i.e., plane-wave density functional theory) capable of performing calculations with periodic cells and large system sizes efficiently while at the same time being accurate enough to be used in the estimation of the electron-transfer coupling matrix element, V AB, and the electron transfer transmission factor, κel. This method is an extension of the valence bond theory electron transfer method for molecules and clusters implemented by Dupuis and others and used extensively by Rosso and co-workers in which scaled corresponding orbitals derived from the Bloch states are used to calculate the off-diagonal matrix elements H AB and S AB. A key development of the present work is the formulation of algorithms to improve the accuracy of the integration of the exact exchange integral in periodic boundary conditions. This method is demonstrated on model systems for electron small polaron transfer in iron-(oxyhydr)oxides, including bare Fe2+-Fe3+ ions, and in [Fe3+(OH2)2 (OH-)2)] nn+ chains representing the common edge-sharing Fe octahedral motif in these materials.
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25
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Varga Z, Parker KA, Truhlar DG. Direct diabatization based on nonadiabatic couplings: the N/D method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26643-26659. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new diabatization method that is direct, orbital-free, and adiabatic-equivalent based on directly calculated nonadiabatic couplings of states and the adiabatic energy gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Varga
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Kelsey A. Parker
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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26
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Grofe A, Chen X, Liu W, Gao J. Spin-Multiplet Components and Energy Splittings by Multistate Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4838-4845. [PMID: 28914545 PMCID: PMC5792056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Kohn-Sham density functional theory has been tremendously successful in chemistry and physics. Yet, it is unable to describe the energy degeneracy of spin-multiplet components with any approximate functional. This work features two contributions. (1) We present a multistate density functional theory (MSDFT) to represent spin-multiplet components and to determine multiplet energies. MSDFT is a hybrid approach, taking advantage of both wave function theory and density functional theory. Thus, the wave functions, electron densities and energy density-functionals for ground and excited states and for different components are treated on the same footing. The method is illustrated on valence excitations of atoms and molecules. (2) Importantly, a key result is that for cases in which the high-spin components can be determined separately by Kohn-Sham density functional theory, the transition density functional in MSDFT (which describes electronic coupling) can be defined rigorously. The numerical results may be explored to design and optimize transition density functionals for configuration coupling in multiconfigurational DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grofe
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xin Chen
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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27
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Nakano H, Sato H. Introducing the mean field approximation to CDFT/MMpol method: Statistically converged equilibrium and nonequilibrium free energy calculation for electron transfer reactions in condensed phases. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:154101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4979895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakano
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Japan
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28
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Grofe A, Qu Z, Truhlar DG, Li H, Gao J. Diabatic-At-Construction Method for Diabatic and Adiabatic Ground and Excited States Based on Multistate Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:1176-1187. [PMID: 28135420 PMCID: PMC5793876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a diabatic-at-construction (DAC) strategy for defining diabatic states to determine the adiabatic ground and excited electronic states and their potential energy surfaces using the multistate density functional theory (MSDFT). The DAC approach differs in two fundamental ways from the adiabatic-to-diabatic (ATD) procedures that transform a set of preselected adiabatic electronic states to a new representation. (1) The DAC states are defined in the first computation step to form an active space, whose configuration interaction produces the adiabatic ground and excited states in the second step of MSDFT. Thus, they do not result from a similarity transformation of the adiabatic states as in the ATD procedure; they are the basis for producing the adiabatic states. The appropriateness and completeness of the DAC active space can be validated by comparison with experimental observables of the ground and excited states. (2) The DAC diabatic states are defined using the valence bond characters of the asymptotic dissociation limits of the adiabatic states of interest, and they are strictly maintained at all molecular geometries. Consequently, DAC diabatic states have specific and well-defined physical and chemical meanings that can be used for understanding the nature of the adiabatic states and their energetic components. Here we present results for the four lowest singlet states of LiH and compare them to a well-tested ATD diabatization method, namely the 3-fold way; the comparison reveals both similarities and differences between the ATD diabatic states and the orthogonalized DAC diabatic states. Furthermore, MSDFT can provide a quantitative description of the ground and excited states for LiH with multiple strongly and weakly avoided curve crossings spanning over 10 Å of interatomic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grofe
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zexing Qu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, China
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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29
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Hori Y, Ida T, Mizuno M. Potential energy construction in the diabatic picture for quantum mechanical rate constants of intermolecular proton transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03024j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose a simple method for potential construction in the diabatic picture and the estimation of thermal rate constants for intermolecular proton transfer reactions using quantum dynamics simulations carried out on the constructed potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hori
- Chemistry Course
- Division of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
| | - Tomonori Ida
- Chemistry Course
- Division of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
| | - Motohiro Mizuno
- Chemistry Course
- Division of Material Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
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30
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Gao J, Grofe A, Ren H, Bao P. Beyond Kohn-Sham Approximation: Hybrid Multistate Wave Function and Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5143-5149. [PMID: 27973892 PMCID: PMC5793875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A multistate density functional theory (MSDFT) is presented in which the energies and densities for the ground and excited states are treated on the same footing using multiconfigurational approaches. The method can be applied to systems with strong correlation and to correctly describe the dimensionality of the conical intersections between strongly coupled dissociative potential energy surfaces. A dynamic-then-static framework for treating electron correlation is developed to first incorporate dynamic correlation into contracted state functions through block-localized Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KSDFT), followed by diagonalization of the effective Hamiltonian to include static correlation. MSDFT can be regarded as a hybrid of wave function and density functional theory. The method is built on and makes use of the current approximate density functional developed in KSDFT, yet it retains its computational efficiency to treat strongly correlated systems that are problematic for KSDFT but too large for accurate WFT. The results presented in this work show that MSDFT can be applied to photochemical processes involving conical intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gao
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adam Grofe
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Haisheng Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peng Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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31
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Akimov AV. Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics with Tight-Binding Fragment Molecular Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:5719-5736. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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32
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Ren H, Provorse MR, Bao P, Qu Z, Gao J. Multistate Density Functional Theory for Effective Diabatic Electronic Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2286-93. [PMID: 27248004 PMCID: PMC5790425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multistate density functional theory (MSDFT) is presented to estimate the effective transfer integral associated with electron and hole transfer reactions. In this approach, the charge-localized diabatic states are defined by block localization of Kohn-Sham orbitals, which constrain the electron density for each diabatic state in orbital space. This differs from the procedure used in constrained density functional theory that partitions the density within specific spatial regions. For a series of model systems, the computed transfer integrals are consistent with experimental data and show the expected exponential attenuation with the donor-acceptor separation. The present method can be used to model charge transfer reactions including processes involving coupled electron and proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Makenzie R. Provorse
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Peng Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable & Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100190
| | - Zexing Qu
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China 130023
| | - Jiali Gao
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China 130023
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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33
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Mangaud E, de la Lande A, Meier C, Desouter-Lecomte M. Electron transfer within a reaction path model calibrated by constrained DFT calculations: application to mixed-valence organic compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:30889-903. [PMID: 26041466 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The quantum dynamics of electron transfer in mixed-valence organic compounds is investigated using a reaction path model calibrated by constrained density functional theory (cDFT). Constrained DFT is used to define diabatic states relevant for describing the electron transfer, to obtain equilibrium structures for each of these states and to estimate the electronic coupling between them. The harmonic analysis at the diabatic minima yields normal modes forming the dissipative bath coupled to the electronic states. In order to decrease the system-bath coupling, an effective one dimensional vibronic Hamiltonian is constructed by partitioning the modes into a linear reaction path which connects both equilibrium positions and a set of secondary vibrational modes, coupled to this reaction coordinate. Using this vibronic model Hamiltonian, dissipative quantum dynamics is carried out using Redfield theory, based on a spectral density which is determined from the cDFT results. In a first benchmark case, the model is applied to a series of mixed-valence organic compounds formed by two 1,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenylene fragments linked by an increasing number of phenylene bridges. This allows us to examine the coherent electron transfer in extreme situations leading to a ground adiabatic state with or without a barrier and therefore to the trapping of the charge or to an easy delocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mangaud
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, UMR 5589, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Bât. 3R1b4, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France. and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 349, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A de la Lande
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 349, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Meier
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, UMR 5589, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Bât. 3R1b4, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France.
| | - M Desouter-Lecomte
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 349, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, F-91405 Orsay, France and Département de Chimie, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Gao J, Cembran A, Mo Y. Generalized X-Pol Theory and Charge Delocalization States. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 6:2402-10. [PMID: 26613495 DOI: 10.1021/ct100292g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mixed molecular orbital and valence bond (MOVB) method has been used to generalize the explicit polarization (X-Pol) potential to incorporate charge delocalization resonance effects in the framework of valence bond theory. In the original X-Pol method, a macromolecular system is partitioned into individual fragments or blocks, and the molecular orbitals of the system are strictly localized within each block. Consequently, these block-localized molecular orbitals (BLMOs) are nonorthogonal across different blocks. In the generalized X-Pol (GX-Pol) theory, we construct charge delocalization VB states by expanding the localization space from monomer blocks into pairwise delocalized blocks. Thus, the expansion of the basis space leads to charge delocalization between monomer pairs, and a series of pairwise delocalization states can be constructed. In general, L-body delocalized states can be analogously defined by grouping L monomer blocks into one. The Hartree product wave function for each state can be fully antisymmetrized, which introduces explicitly exchange repulsion among all blocks. The GX-Pol wave function is a linear combination of all L-body charge transfer (valence bond) states, which incorporates charge delocalization and their resonance as well as static correlation effects. The GX-Pol method provides a general and rigorous theory to incorporate charge delocalization explicitly into these fragment-based electronic structural methods for macromolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
| | - Alessandro Cembran
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
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35
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Sun W, Ren H, Tao Y, Xiao D, Qin X, Deng L, Shao M, Gao J, Chen X. Two Aromatic Rings Coupled a Sulfur-Containing Group to Favor Protein Electron Transfer by Instantaneous Formations of π∴S:π↔π:S∴π or π∴π:S↔π:π∴S Five-Electron Bindings. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2015; 119:9149-9158. [PMID: 26120374 PMCID: PMC4479289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The cooperative interactions among two aromatic rings with a S-containing group are described, which may participate in electron hole transport in proteins. Ab initio calculations reveal the possibility for the formations of the π∴S:π↔π:S∴π and π∴π:S↔π:π∴S five-electron bindings in the corresponding microsurrounding structures in proteins, both facilitating electron hole transport as efficient relay stations. The relay functionality of these two special structures comes from their low local ionization energies and proper binding energies, which varies with the different aromatic amino acids, S-containing residues, and the arrangements of the same aromatic rings according to the local microsurroundings in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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36
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Akimov AV, Prezhdo OV. Large-Scale Computations in Chemistry: A Bird’s Eye View of a Vibrant Field. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5797-890. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Akimov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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37
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Sun W, Shao M, Ren H, Xiao D, Qin X, Deng L, Chen X, Gao J. A New Type of Electron Relay Station in Proteins: Three-Piece S:Π∴S↔S∴Π:S Resonance Structure. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2015; 119:6998-7005. [PMID: 26113884 PMCID: PMC4476553 DOI: 10.1021/jp512628x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A type of relay station for electron transfer in proteins, three-piece five-electron bonding, is introduced in this paper, which is also first proposed here. The ab initio calculations predict the formation of S:Π∴S↔S∴Π:S resonance binding with an aromatic ring located in the middle of two sulfur-containing groups, which may participate in electron-hole transport in proteins. These special structures can lower the local ionization energies to capture electron holes efficiently and may be easily formed and broken because of their proper binding energies. In addition, the UV-vis spectra provide evidence of the formations of the three-piece five-electron binding. The cooperation of three adjacent pieces may be advantage to promote electron transfer a longer distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dong Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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38
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Reimers JR, McKemmish LK, McKenzie RH, Hush NS. A unified diabatic description for electron transfer reactions, isomerization reactions, proton transfer reactions, and aromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:24598-617. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A way is found for describing general chemical reactions using diabatic multi-state and “twin-state” models. (Image adapted with permission from https://www.flickr.com/photos/cybaea/64638988/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structure
- College of Sciences
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Laura K. McKemmish
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
- School of Chemistry
| | - Ross H. McKenzie
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - Noel S. Hush
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
- School of Molecular Biosciences
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39
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Reimers JR, McKemmish LK, McKenzie RH, Hush NS. Bond angle variations in XH3 [X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi]: the critical role of Rydberg orbitals exposed using a diabatic state model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:24618-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The origins of the observed bond angles in XH3 and XH3+ are explained using high-level calculations and a simple diabatic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structure
- College of Sciences
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Laura K. McKemmish
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
- School of Chemistry
| | - Ross H. McKenzie
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - Noel S. Hush
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
- School of Molecular Biosciences
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40
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Migliore A, Polizzi NF, Therien M, Beratan DN. Biochemistry and theory of proton-coupled electron transfer. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3381-465. [PMID: 24684625 PMCID: PMC4317057 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Migliore
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas F. Polizzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michael
J. Therien
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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41
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Joubert-Doriol L, Lasorne B, Lauvergnat D, Meyer HD, Gatti F. A generalised vibronic-coupling Hamiltonian model for benzopyran. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4861226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Cembran A, Provorse MR, Wang C, Wu W, Gao J. The Third Dimension of a More O'Ferrall-Jencks Diagram for Hydrogen Atom Transfer in the Isoelectronic Hydrogen Exchange Reactions of (PhX)(2)H(•) with X = O, NH, and CH(2). J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:4347-4358. [PMID: 23226989 PMCID: PMC3516191 DOI: 10.1021/ct3004595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A critical element in theoretical characterization of the mechanism of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions, including hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), is the formulation of the electron and proton localized diabatic states, based on which a More O'Ferrall-Jencks diagram can be represented to determine the step-wise and concerted nature of the reaction. Although the More O'Ferrall-Jencks diabatic states have often been used empirically to develop theoretical models for PCET reactions, the potential energy surfaces for these states have never been determined directly based on first principles calculations using electronic structure theory. The difficulty is due to a lack of practical method to constrain electron and proton localized diabatic states in wave function or density functional theory calculations. Employing a multistate density functional theory (MSDFT), in which the electron and proton localized diabatic configurations are constructed through block-localization of Kohn-Sham orbitals, we show that distinction between concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) and HAT, which are not distinguishable experimentally from phenomenological kinetic data, can be made by examining the third dimension of a More O'Ferrall-Jencks diagram that includes both the ground and excited state potential surfaces. In addition, we formulate a pair of effective two-state valence bond models to represent the CPET and HAT mechanisms. We found that the lower energy of the CPET and HAT effective diabatic states at the intersection point can be used as an energetic criterion to distinguish the two mechanisms. In the isoelectronic series of hydrogen exchange reaction in (PhX)(2)H(•), where X = O, NH, and CH(2), there is a continuous transition from a CPET mechanism for the phenoxy radical-phenol pair to a HAT process for benzyl radical and toluene, while the reaction between PhNH(2) and PhNH(•) has a mechanism intermediate of CPET and HAT. The electronically nonadiabatic nature of the CPET mechanism in the phenol system can be attributed to the overlap interactions between the ground and excited state surfaces, resulting in roughly orthogonal minimum energy paths on the adiabatic ground and excited state potential energy surfaces. On the other hand, the minimum energy path on the adiabatic ground state for the HAT mechanism coincides with that on the excited state, producing a large electronic coupling that separates the two surfaces by more than 120 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cembran
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Makenzie R. Provorse
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Changwei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kaduk
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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44
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Wu W, Su P, Shaik S, Hiberty PC. Classical Valence Bond Approach by Modern Methods. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7557-93. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Peifeng Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Philippe C. Hiberty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Groupe de Chimie Théorique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cédex, France
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45
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Delchev VB, Shterev IG. Photoinduced disruption of the strong intramolecular H-bond in the enol form of acetylacetone: Mechanisms of radiationless decay. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Migliore A. Nonorthogonality Problem and Effective Electronic Coupling Calculation: Application to Charge Transfer in π-Stacks Relevant to Biochemistry and Molecular Electronics. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:1712-25. [PMID: 26596435 DOI: 10.1021/ct200192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recently proposed method for the calculation of the effective electronic coupling (or charge-transfer integral) in a two-state system is discussed and related to other methods in the literature. The theoretical expression of the coupling is exact within the two-state model and applies to the general case where the charge transfer (CT) process involves nonorthogonal initial and final diabatic (localized) states. In this work, it is shown how this effective electronic coupling is also the one to be used in a suitable extension of Rabi's formula to the nonorthogonal representation of two-state dynamical problems. The formula for the transfer integral is inspected in the regime of long-range CT and applied to CT reactions in redox molecular systems of interest to biochemistry and/or to molecular electronics: the guanine-thymine stack from regular B-DNA, the polyaromatic perylenediimide stack, and the quinol-semiquinone couple. The calculations are performed within the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), using hybrid exchange-correlation (XC) density functionals, which also allowed investigation of the appropriateness of such hybrid-DFT methods for computing electronic couplings. The use of the recently developed M06-2X and M06-HF density functionals in appropriate ways is supported by the results of this work.
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47
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Mo Y, Bao P, Gao J. Energy decomposition analysis based on a block-localized wavefunction and multistate density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:6760-75. [PMID: 21369567 PMCID: PMC3719994 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02206c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An interaction energy decomposition analysis method based on the block-localized wavefunction (BLW-ED) approach is described. The first main feature of the BLW-ED method is that it combines concepts of valence bond and molecular orbital theories such that the intermediate and physically intuitive electron-localized states are variationally optimized by self-consistent field calculations. Furthermore, the block-localization scheme can be used both in wave function theory and in density functional theory, providing a useful tool to gain insights on intermolecular interactions that would otherwise be difficult to obtain using the delocalized Kohn-Sham DFT. These features allow broad applications of the BLW method to energy decomposition (BLW-ED) analysis for intermolecular interactions. In this perspective, we outline theoretical aspects of the BLW-ED method, and illustrate its applications in hydrogen-bonding and π-cation intermolecular interactions as well as metal-carbonyl complexes. Future prospects on the development of a multistate density functional theory (MSDFT) are presented, making use of block-localized electronic states as the basis configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA.
| | - Peng Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Smith Hall, Digital Technology Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Smith Hall, Digital Technology Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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48
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Ikeda A, Nakao Y, Sato H, Sakaki S. A resonance theory consistent with Mulliken-population concept. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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49
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Cembran A, Payaka A, Lin YL, Xie W, Mo Y, Song L, Gao J. A Non-Orthogonal Block-Localized Effective Hamiltonian Approach for Chemical and Enzymatic Reactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 6:2242-2251. [PMID: 20694172 PMCID: PMC2914346 DOI: 10.1021/ct1001686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effective Hamiltonian-molecular orbital and valence bond (EH-MOVB) method based on non-orthogonal block-localized fragment orbitals has been implemented into the program CHARMM for molecular dynamics simulations of chemical and enzymatic reactions, making use of semiempirical quantum mechanical models. Building upon ab initio MOVB theory, we make use of two parameters in the EH-MOVB method to fit the barrier height and the relative energy between the reactant and product state for a given chemical reaction to be in agreement with experiment or high-level ab initio or density functional results. Consequently, the EH-MOVB method provides a highly accurate and computationally efficient QM/MM model for dynamics simulation of chemical reactions in solution. The EH-MOVB method is illustrated by examination of the potential energy surface of the hydride transfer reaction from trimethylamine to a flavin cofactor model in the gas phase. In the present study, we employed the semiempirical AM1 model, which yields a reaction barrier that is more than 5 kcal/mol too high. We use a parameter calibration procedure for the EH-MOVB method similar to that employed to adjust the results of semiempirical and empirical models. Thus, the relative energy of these two diabatic states can be shifted to reproduce the experimental energy of reaction, and the barrier height is optimized to reproduce the desired (accurate) value by adding a constant to the off-diagonal matrix element. The present EH-MOVB method offers a viable approach to characterizing solvent and protein-reorganization effects in the realm of combined QM/MM simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cembran
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center and Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 And Department of
Chemistry, Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
| | - Apirak Payaka
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center and Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 And Department of
Chemistry, Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
| | - Yen-lin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center and Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 And Department of
Chemistry, Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
| | - Wangshen Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center and Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 And Department of
Chemistry, Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center and Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 And Department of
Chemistry, Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
| | - Lingchun Song
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center and Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 And Department of
Chemistry, Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Digital Technology Center and Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 And Department of
Chemistry, Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008
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50
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Van Voorhis T, Kowalczyk T, Kaduk B, Wang LP, Cheng CL, Wu Q. The diabatic picture of electron transfer, reaction barriers, and molecular dynamics. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2010; 61:149-70. [PMID: 20055670 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.012809.103324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diabatic states have a long history in chemistry, beginning with early valence bond pictures of molecular bonding and extending through the construction of model potential energy surfaces to the modern proliferation of methods for computing these elusive states. In this review, we summarize the basic principles that define the diabatic basis and demonstrate how they can be applied in the specific context of constrained density functional theory. Using illustrative examples from electron transfer and chemical reactions, we show how the diabatic picture can be used to extract qualitative insight and quantitative predictions about energy landscapes. The review closes with a brief summary of the challenges and prospects for the further application of diabatic states in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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