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Gibbard JA, Clarke CJ, Verlet JRR. Photoelectron spectroscopy of the protoporphyrin IX dianion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18425-18431. [PMID: 34612383 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03075b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional photoelectron spectroscopy using nanosecond and femtosecond lasers has been used to study the protopophyrin IX dianion at photon energies between 1.8-4.1 eV. The photoelectron spectra indicated the presence of two direct detachment channels, tunnelling through the repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) and thermionic emission from monoanions. A direct detachment feature suggested a near 0 eV electron affinity, which may be attributable to the repulsive through space interaction of the unshielded carboxylate groups. The minimum height of the repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) was found to be between 1.4-1.9 eV. Adiabatic tunnelling through the RCB was seen to occur on a timescale faster than rotational dephasing of the molecule. The observation of thermionic emission below the RCB in the nanosecond spectra originated from monoanions, which were produced via photon-cycling of the dianion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma A Gibbard
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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2
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Lyle J, Chandramoulee SR, Hart CA, Mabbs R. Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F. J Vis Exp 2018:57989. [PMID: 30102284 PMCID: PMC6126567 DOI: 10.3791/57989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion photoelectron imaging is a very efficient method for the study of energy states of bound negative ions, neutral species and interactions of unbound electrons with neutral molecules/atoms. State-of-the-art in vacuo anion generation techniques allow application to a broad range of atomic, molecular, and cluster anion systems. These are separated and selected using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Electrons are removed by linearly polarized photons (photo detachment) using table-top laser sources which provide ready access to excitation energies from the infra-red to the near ultraviolet. Detecting the photoelectrons with a velocity mapped imaging lens and position sensitive detector means that, in principle, every photoelectron reaches the detector and the detection efficiency is uniform for all kinetic energies. Photoelectron spectra extracted from the images via mathematical reconstruction using an inverse Abel transformation reveal details of the anion internal energy state distribution and the resultant neutral energy states. At low electron kinetic energy, typical resolution is sufficient to reveal energy level differences on the order of a few millielectron-volts, i.e., different vibrational levels for molecular species or spin-orbit splitting in atoms. Photoelectron angular distributions extracted from the inverse Abel transformation represent the signatures of the bound electron orbital, allowing more detailed probing of electronic structure. The spectra and angular distributions also encode details of the interactions between the outgoing electron and the residual neutral species subsequent to excitation. The technique is illustrated by the application to an atomic anion (F-), but it can also be applied to the measurement of molecular anion spectroscopy, the study of low lying anion resonances (as an alternative to scattering experiments) and femtosecond (fs) time resolved studies of the dynamic evolution of anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lyle
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | - C Annie Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Richard Mabbs
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis;
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Yuan Q, Kong XT, Hou GL, Jiang L, Wang XB. Photoelectron spectroscopic and computational studies of [EDTA·M(iii)]− complexes (M = H3, Al, Sc, V–Co). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19458-19469. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopic and computational studies of [EDTA·M(iii)]− complexes reveal their redox chemistry and specific metal bindings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xiang-Tao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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Wang LS. Perspective: Electrospray photoelectron spectroscopy: From multiply-charged anions to ultracold anions. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:040901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4927086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Verlet JRR, Horke DA, Chatterley AS. Excited states of multiply-charged anions probed by photoelectron imaging: riding the repulsive Coulomb barrier. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15043-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01667j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress towards understanding the repulsive Coulomb barrier in multiply-charged anion using photoelectron spectroscopy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A. Horke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science
- DESY
- 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Chatterley AS, Horke DA, Verlet JRR. Effects of resonant excitation, pulse duration and intensity on photoelectron imaging of a dianion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:489-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53235f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sabzyan H, Keshavarz E, Noorisafa Z. Diatomic dications and dianions. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-013-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sokolov AY, Magers DB, Wu JI, Allen WD, Schleyer PVR, Schaefer HF. Free Cyclooctatetraene Dianion: Planarity, Aromaticity, and Theoretical Challenges. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4436-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400642y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu. Sokolov
- Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - D. Brandon Magers
- Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Wesley D. Allen
- Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Paul v. R. Schleyer
- Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Horke DA, Chatterley AS, Verlet JRR. Influence of the repulsive Coulomb barrier on photoelectron spectra and angular distributions in a resonantly excited dianion. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Horke DA, Chatterley AS, Verlet JRR. Femtosecond Photoelectron Imaging of Aligned Polyanions: Probing Molecular Dynamics through the Electron-Anion Coulomb Repulsion. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:834-8. [PMID: 26286406 DOI: 10.1021/jz3000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The first time-resolved photoelectron imaging study of a polyanion is presented. Using the alignment induced through resonance excitation, the photoelectron angular distributions can be qualitatively understood in terms of the position of localized excess charges on the molecular skeleton, which influence the photoemission dynamics. Pump-probe experiments are used to demonstrate that the photoelectron angular distribution is also sensitive to molecular dynamics. This is shown here for the rotational dynamics of a polyanion, in which the photoelectron anisotropy tracks the rotational coherence as it dephases. The methodology can in principle be applied to general molecular dynamics in large polyanions, providing a new route to studying ultrafast structural dynamics in complex gas-phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Horke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
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Xing XP, Wang XB, Wang LS. Photoelectron Imaging of Doubly Charged Anions, −O2C(CH2)nCO2− (n = 2−8): Observation of Near 0 eV Electrons Due to Secondary Dissociative Autodetachment. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4524-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1011523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Xing
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Xing XP, Wang XB, Wang LS. Photoelectron imaging of multiply charged anions: Effects of intramolecular Coulomb repulsion and photoelectron kinetic energies on photoelectron angular distributions. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:074301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3077230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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