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Sun YL, Huang WJ, Lee SH. Formations of C6H from reactions C3 + C3H2 and C3H + C3H and of C8H from reactions C4 + C4H2 and C4H + C4H. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044303. [PMID: 38258925 DOI: 10.1063/5.0184683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We interrogated C6H and C8H produced separately from the reactions C3 + C3H2/C3H + C3H/C3H2 + C3 → C6H + H and C4 + C4H2/C4H + C4H/C4H2 + C4 → C8H + H using product translational and photoionization spectroscopy. Individual contributions of the three reactions to the product C6H or C8H were evaluated with reactant concentrations. Translational-energy distributions, angular distributions, and photoionization efficiency curves of products C6H and C8H were unraveled. The product C6H (C8H) was recognized as the most stable linear isomer by comparing its photoionization efficiency curve with that of l-C6H (l-C8H), produced exclusively from the reaction C2 + C4H2 → l-C6H + H (C2 + C6H2 → l-C8H + H). The ionization threshold after deconvolution was determined to be 9.3 ± 0.1 eV for l-C6H and 8.9 ± 0.1 eV for l-C8H, which is in good agreement with theoretical values. Quantum-chemical calculations indicate that the reactions of C3 + C3H2 and C3H + C3H (C4 + C4H2 and C4H + C4H) incur no energy barriers that lie above the corresponding reactant and the most stable product l-C6H (l-C8H) with H on the lower-lying potential-energy surfaces. The theoretical calculation is in accord with the experimental observation. This work implies that the reactions of C3 + C3H2/C3H + C3H and C4 + C4H2/C4H + C4H need to be taken into account for the formation of interstellar C6H and C8H, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jian Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
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Sun YL, Huang WJ, Lee SH. Study on Formation of Interstellar C 7H from Reactions C 4 + C 3H 2 and C 4H + C 3H. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:456-465. [PMID: 38181389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We interrogated C7H produced from reactions C4 + C3H2/C4H + C3H → C7H + H using both translational and photoionization spectroscopy. Reactants C3H, C3H2, C4, and C4H were synthesized in two crossed beams of 1% C2H2/He ignited by pulsed high-voltage discharge. The individual contributions of reactions C4 + C3H2 and C4H + C3H to product C7H were evaluated as 17:83 from reactant concentrations in both molecular beams. The translational energy distribution, the angular distribution, and the photoionization efficiency curve of product C7H were unraveled. C7H was identified as the most stable linear isomer by its photoionization efficiency curve that features two ionization thresholds corresponding to separate transitions to singlet and triplet states of l-C7H+. The quantum-chemical calculations indicate that the associations of C4 with C3H2 and C4H with C3H incur no entrance barriers, and the most favorable exit channel leads to product l-C7H + H. It is the first time demonstrating that C7H is producible from reactions 1,3C4 + 1C3H2 and 2C4H + 2C3H on the lowest-lying singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces of 1,3C7H2. This work implies that the reactions of C4 + C3H2 and C4H + C3H might have contributions to interstellar C7H to some extent as compared with the C + C6H2 reaction commonly adopted in an astrochemical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jian Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
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Yang Z, Doddipatla S, He C, Goettl SJ, Kaiser RI, Jasper AW, Gomes ACR, Galvão BRL. Can third-body stabilisation of bimolecular collision complexes in cold molecular clouds happen? Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2134832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Shane J. Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ahren W. Jasper
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Alexandre C. R. Gomes
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, CEFET-MG, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno R. L. Galvão
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, CEFET-MG, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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He C, Galimova GR, Luo Y, Zhao L, Eckhardt AK, Sun R, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. A chemical dynamics study on the gas-phase formation of triplet and singlet C 5H 2 carbenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30142-30150. [PMID: 33199606 PMCID: PMC7720239 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019257117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the postulation of carbenes by Buchner (1903) and Staudinger (1912) as electron-deficient transient species carrying a divalent carbon atom, carbenes have emerged as key reactive intermediates in organic synthesis and in molecular mass growth processes leading eventually to carbonaceous nanostructures in the interstellar medium and in combustion systems. Contemplating the short lifetimes of these transient molecules and their tendency for dimerization, free carbenes represent one of the foremost obscured classes of organic reactive intermediates. Here, we afford an exceptional glance into the fundamentally unknown gas-phase chemistry of preparing two prototype carbenes with distinct multiplicities-triplet pentadiynylidene (HCCCCCH) and singlet ethynylcyclopropenylidene (c-C5H2) carbene-via the elementary reaction of the simplest organic radical-methylidyne (CH)-with diacetylene (HCCCCH) under single-collision conditions. Our combination of crossed molecular beam data with electronic structure calculations and quasi-classical trajectory simulations reveals fundamental reaction mechanisms and facilitates an intimate understanding of bond-breaking processes and isomerization processes of highly reactive hydrocarbon intermediates. The agreement between experimental chemical dynamics studies under single-collision conditions and the outcome of trajectory simulations discloses that molecular beam studies merged with dynamics simulations have advanced to such a level that polyatomic reactions with relevance to extreme astrochemical and combustion chemistry conditions can be elucidated at the molecular level and expanded to higher-order homolog carbenes such as butadiynylcyclopropenylidene and triplet heptatriynylidene, thus offering a versatile strategy to explore the exotic chemistry of novel higher-order carbenes in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Galiya R Galimova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
- Laboratory of Combustion Physics and Chemistry, Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russia
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - André K Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199;
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;
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Chin CH, Zhu T, Zhang JZH. Formation mechanism and spectroscopy of C 6H radicals in extreme environments: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23044-23055. [PMID: 31599891 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03662h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the reaction mechanisms of singlet (rhombic) and triplet (linear) C4 with acetylene by using accurate ab initio CCSD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculations followed by a kinetic analysis of various reaction pathways and computations of relative product yields in combustion and planetary atmospheres. These calculations were combined with the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) calculations of reaction rate constants for predicting product-branching ratios, which depend on the collision energy under single-collision conditions. The results demonstrate that the initial reaction begins with the formation of an intermediate 3i2 with an entrance barrier of 3.0 kcal mol-1 and an intermediate 1i1 without entrance barriers. The product-branching ratios obtained by solving kinetic equations with individual rate constants calculated using the RRKM and variational transition-state theories for determining the collision energies between 5 kcal mol-1 and 25 kcal mol-1 demonstrate that l-C6H + H is the dominant reaction product, whereas HC3C3 + H, l-C6 + H2, c-C6H + H, and c-C6 + H2 are minor products. The electronic absorption spectra of solid neon matrices in the range of 17 140-22 200 cm-1 were obtained by Maier et al., and the optimized ground and excited state structures of C6H were used to simulate the absorption spectra by one-photon excitation equations. The displaced harmonic oscillator approximation and the Franck-Condon approximation were used to simulate the absorption spectrum of the B2Π ← X2Π transition of C6H. This indicates that the vibronic structures were dominated by one of the six active completely symmetric modes, with v3 being the most crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Thomas AM, Lucas M, Zhao L, Liddiard J, Kaiser RI, Mebel AM. A combined crossed molecular beams and computational study on the formation of distinct resonantly stabilized C 5H 3 radicals via chemically activated C 5H 4 and C 6H 6 intermediates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 29537029 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00357b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crossed molecular beams technique was utilized to explore the formation of three isomers of resonantly stabilized (C5H3) radicals along with their d2-substituted counterparts via the bimolecular reactions of singlet/triplet dicarbon [C2(X1Σ+g/a3Πu)] with methylacetylene [CH3CCH(X1A1)], d3-methylacetylene [CD3CCH(X1A1)], and 1-butyne [C2H5CCH(X1A')] at collision energies up to 26 kJ mol-1via chemically activated singlet/triplet C5H4/C5D3H and C6H6 intermediates. These studies exploit a newly developed supersonic dicarbon [C2(X1Σ+g/a3Πu)] beam generated via photolysis of tetrachloroethylene [C2Cl4(X1Ag)] by excluding interference from carbon atoms, which represent the dominating (interfering) species in ablation-based dicarbon sources. We evaluated the performance of the dicarbon [C2(X1Σ+g/a3Πu)] beam in reactions with methylacetylene [CH3CCH(X1A1)] and d3-methylacetylene [CD3CCH(X1A1)]; the investigations demonstrate that the reaction dynamics match previous studies in our laboratory utilizing ablation-based dicarbon sources involving the synthesis of 1,4-pentadiynyl-3 [HCCCHCCH(X2B1)] and 2,4-pentadiynyl-1 [H2CCCCCH(X2B1)] radicals via hydrogen (deuterium) atom elimination. Considering the C2(X1Σ+g/a3Πu)-1-butyne [C2H5CCH(X1A')] reaction, the hitherto elusive methyl-loss pathway was detected. This channel forms the previously unknown resonantly stabilized penta-1-yn-3,4-dienyl-1 [H2CCCHCC(X2A)] radical along with the methyl radical [CH3(X2A2'')] and is open exclusively on the triplet surface with an overall reaction energy of -86 ± 10 kJ mol-1. The preferred reaction pathways proceed first by barrierless addition of triplet dicarbon to the π-electronic system of 1-butyne, either to both acetylenic carbon atoms or to the sterically more accessible carbon atom, to form the methyl-bearing triplet C6H6 intermediates [i41b] and [i81b], respectively, with the latter decomposing via a tight exit transition state to penta-1-yn-3,4-dienyl-1 [(H2CCCHCC(X2A)] plus the methyl radical [CH3(X2A2'')]. The successful unraveling of this methyl-loss channel - through collaborative experimental and computational efforts - underscores the viability of the photolytically generated dicarbon beam as an unprecedented tool to access reaction dynamics underlying the formation of resonantly stabilized free radicals (RSFR) that are vital to molecular mass growth processes that ultimately lead to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Lucas M, Thomas AM, Kaiser RI, Bashkirov EK, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM. Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Elementary Reaction of Ground State Atomic Carbon (C; 3Pj) with Pyridine (C5H5N; X1A1) via Ring Expansion and Ring Degradation Pathways. J Phys Chem A 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Aaron M. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | | | | | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Samara University, Samara, 443086, Russia
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8
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Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Formation of resonantly stabilised free radicals via the reactions of atomic carbon, dicarbon, and tricarbon with unsaturated hydrocarbons: theory and crossed molecular beams experiments. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2015.1075280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Sun YL, Huang WJ, Chin CH, Lee SH. Dynamics of the reaction of C2 with C6H2: an implication for the formation of interstellar C8H. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:194305. [PMID: 25416889 DOI: 10.1063/1.4901981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction C2 + C6H2 → C8H + H was investigated for the first time. Reactant C2 (C6H2) was synthesized from 1% C3F6/He (5% C2H2/He) by pulsed high-voltage discharge. We measured the translational-energy distribution, the angular distribution, and the photoionization spectrum of product C8H in a crossed molecular-beam apparatus using synchrotron vacuum-ultraviolet ionization. This reaction released average translational energy of 8.5 kcal mol(-1) corresponding to a fraction of 0.37 in translation. C8H was identified as octatetranyl based on the maximal translational-energy release 23 ± 2 kcal mol(-1) and the ionization threshold 8.9 ± 0.2 eV. Kinematic constraints can qualitatively account for the nearly isotropic angular distribution. The quantum-chemical calculations indicate that the exothermic reactions C2 (X (1)Σg (+)/a (3)Πu) + HC6H → C8H + H can proceed without entrance and exit barriers, implying the importance in the cold interstellar medium. This work verifies that interstellar C8H can be formed through the C2 + C6H2 reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jian Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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Parker DSN, Balucani N, Stranges D, Kaiser RI, Mebel A. A crossed beam and ab initio investigation on the formation of boronyldiacetylene (HCCCC11BO; X1Σ+) via the reaction of the boron monoxide radical (11BO; X2Σ+) with diacetylene (C4H2; X1Σg(+)). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8189-98. [PMID: 23879375 DOI: 10.1021/jp405228f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction dynamics of the boron monoxide radical ((11)BO; X(2)Σ(+)) with diacetylene (C4H2; X(1)Σg(+)) were investigated at a nominal collision energy of 17.5 kJ mol(-1) employing the crossed molecular beam technique and supported by ab initio and statistical (RRKM) calculations. The reaction is governed by indirect (complex forming) scattering dynamics with the boron monoxide radical adding with its boron atom to the carbon-carbon triple bond of the diacetylene molecule at one of the terminal carbon atoms without entrance barrier. This leads to a doublet radical intermediate (C4H2(11)BO), which undergoes unimolecular decomposition through hydrogen atom emission from the C1 carbon atom via a tight exit transition state located about 18 kJ mol(-1) above the separated products. This process forms the hitherto elusive boronyldiacetylene molecule (HCCCC(11)BO; X(1)Σ(+)) in a bimolecular gas phase reaction under single collision conditions. The overall reaction was determined to be exoergic by 62 kJ mol(-1). The reaction dynamics are compared to the isoelectronic diacetylene (C4H2; X(1)Σg(+))-cyano radical (CN; X(2)Σ(+)) system studied previously in our group. The characteristics of boronyl-diacetylene and the boronyldiacetylene molecule (HCCCC(11)BO; X(1)Σ(+)) as well as numerous intermediates are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian S N Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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Kaiser RI, Goswami M, Maksyutenko P, Zhang F, Kim YS, Landera A, Mebel AM. A Crossed Molecular Beams and Ab Initio Study on the Formation of C6H3 Radicals. An Interface between Resonantly Stabilized and Aromatic Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10251-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205795h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - M. Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - P. Maksyutenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - F. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Y. S. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Alexander Landera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Zhang F, Jones B, Maksyutenko P, Kaiser RI, Chin C, Kislov VV, Mebel AM. Formation of the Phenyl Radical [C6H5(X2A1)] under Single Collision Conditions: A Crossed Molecular Beam and ab Initio Study. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2672-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ja908559v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangtong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
| | - Brant Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
| | - Pavlo Maksyutenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
| | - Christine Chin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
| | - Vadim V. Kislov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
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Köhler M, Brockhinke A, Braun-Unkhoff M, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Quantitative Laser Diagnostic and Modeling Study of C2 and CH Chemistry in Combustion. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4719-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908242y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Köhler
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany, and Institut für Verbrennungstechnik, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Brockhinke
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany, and Institut für Verbrennungstechnik, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marina Braun-Unkhoff
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany, and Institut für Verbrennungstechnik, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Kohse-Höinghaus
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany, and Institut für Verbrennungstechnik, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Zhang F, Kim S, Kaiser RI, Jamal A, Mebel AM. A crossed beams and ab initio investigation on the formation of cyanodiacetylene in the reaction of cyano radicals with diacetylene. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:234308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3152714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Balucani N. Elementary reactions and their role in gas-phase prebiotic chemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:2304-2335. [PMID: 19564951 PMCID: PMC2695279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of complex organic molecules in a reactor filled with gaseous mixtures possibly reproducing the primitive terrestrial atmosphere and ocean demonstrated more than 50 years ago that inorganic synthesis of prebiotic molecules is possible, provided that some form of energy is provided to the system. After that groundbreaking experiment, gas-phase prebiotic molecules have been observed in a wide variety of extraterrestrial objects (including interstellar clouds, comets and planetary atmospheres) where the physical conditions vary widely. A thorough characterization of the chemical evolution of those objects relies on a multi-disciplinary approach: 1) observations allow us to identify the molecules and their number densities as they are nowadays; 2) the chemistry which lies behind their formation starting from atoms and simple molecules is accounted for by complex reaction networks; 3) for a realistic modeling of such networks, a number of experimental parameters are needed and, therefore, the relevant molecular processes should be fully characterized in laboratory experiments. A survey of the available literature reveals, however, that much information is still lacking if it is true that only a small percentage of the elementary reactions considered in the models have been characterized in laboratory experiments. New experimental approaches to characterize the relevant elementary reactions in laboratory are presented and the implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Balucani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; E-Mail:
; Tel. +39-075-585-5513; Fax: +39-075-585-5606
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