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Qiu J, Fujita M, Tonokura K, Enami S. Stability of Terpenoid-Derived Secondary Ozonides in Aqueous Organic Media. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5386-5397. [PMID: 35921086 PMCID: PMC9393869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,2,4-Trioxolanes, known as secondary ozonides (SOZs), are key products of ozonolysis of biogenic terpenoids. Functionalized terpenoid-derived SOZs are readily taken up into atmospheric aerosols; however, their condensed-phase fates remain unknown. Here, we report the results of a time-dependent mass spectrometric investigation into the liquid-phase fates of C10 and C13 SOZs synthesized by ozonolysis of a C10 monoterpene alcohol (α-terpineol) in water:acetone (1:1 = vol:vol) mixtures. Isomerization of Criegee intermediates and bimolecular reaction of Criegee intermediates with acetone produced C10 and C13 SOZs, respectively, which were detected as their Na+-adducts by positive-ion electrospray mass spectrometry. Use of CD3COCD3, D2O, and H218O solvents enabled identification of three types of C13 SOZs (aldehyde, ketone, and lactol) and other products. These SOZs were surprisingly stable in water:acetone (1:1) mixtures at T = 298 K, with some persisting for at least a week. Theoretical calculations supported the high stability of the lactol-type C13 SOZ formed from the aldehyde-type C13 SOZ via intramolecular rearrangement. The present results suggest that terpenoid-derived SOZs can persist in atmospheric condensed phases, potentially until they are delivered to the epithelial lining fluid of the pulmonary alveoli via inhaled particulate matter, where they may exert hitherto unrecognized adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Qiu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Michiya Fujita
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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2
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Sun J, Yin Y, Li W, Jin O, Na N. CHEMICAL REACTION MONITORING BY AMBIENT MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:70-99. [PMID: 33259644 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactions conducted in different media (liquid phase, gas phase, or surface) drive developments of versatile techniques for the detection of intermediates and prediction of reasonable reaction pathways. Without sample pretreatment, ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has been applied to obtain structural information of reactive molecules that differ in polarity and molecular weight. Commercial ion sources (e.g., electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and direct analysis in real-time) have been reported to monitor substrates and products by offline reaction examination. While the interception or characterization of reactive intermediates with short lifetime are still limited by the offline modes. Notably, online ionization technologies, with high tolerance to salt, buffer, and pH, can achieve direct sampling and ionization of on-going reactions conducted in different media (e.g., liquid phase, gas phase, or surface). Therefore, short-lived intermediates could be captured at unprecedented timescales, and the reaction dynamics could be studied for mechanism examinations without sample pretreatments. In this review, via various AMS methods, chemical reaction monitoring and mechanism elucidation for different classifications of reactions have been reviewed. The developments and advances of common ionization methods for offline reaction monitoring will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ouyang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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3
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Atakan O, Caner C. Evaluation of different ozonation on aflatoxin degradation and physicochemical characteristics of hazelnuts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Atakan
- Engineering Faculty Department of Food Engineering Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Turkey
| | - Cengiz Caner
- Engineering Faculty Department of Food Engineering Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Turkey
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4
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Niki E, Noguchi N. Antioxidant action of vitamin E in vivo as assessed from its reaction products with multiple biological oxidants. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:352-363. [PMID: 33327809 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1866181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E acts as essential antioxidant against detrimental oxidation of biological molecules induced by multiple reactive species. To gain more insight into the physiological role of vitamin E, the levels of its oxidation products in humans under normal and pathological conditions were compared. α-Tocopherol quinone (α-TQ) and 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol (5-NgT) were focused. α-TQ is produced by multiple oxidants including oxygen radicals, peroxynitrite, hypochlorite, singlet oxygen, and ozone, while 5-NgT is produced by nitrogen dioxide radical derived from peroxynitrite and the reaction of nitrite and hypochlorite. The reported concentrations of α-TQ and 5-NgT in healthy human plasma are highly variable ranging from 15 to 360 and 4 to 170 nM, respectively. In general, the molar ratio 5-NgT/γ-tocopherol was higher than the ratio α-TQ/α-tocopherol. Both absolute concentrations of α-TQ and 5-NgT and the molar ratios to the parent tocopherols were elevated significantly in the plasma of patients with various diseases compared with healthy subjects except neurological diseases. The molar ratios of the products to the respective parent compounds decreased in the order of 5-NgT/γ-tocopherol > α-TQ/α-tocopherol > hydroxyoctadecadienoate/linoleate > 3-nitrotyrosine/tyrosine > isoprostane/arachidonate. The molar ratios of nitrated products to the respective parent compounds in human plasma are approximately 10-2 for 5-NgT and 10-5 for 3-nitrotyrosine, nitro-oleic acid, and 8-nitroguaine. These data indicate that vitamin E acts as an important physiological antioxidant and that α-TQ and 5-NgT represent biomarker for oxidative stress and nitrative stress respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Jackowska I, Bojanowska M, Staszowska‐Karkut M, Sachadyn‐Król M. Low concentration short time ozonation of rapeseed seeds reduces the stability of the oil and content of some antioxidant components. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Jackowska
- Department of Chemistry University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka Street 15 20‐950 Lublin Poland
| | - Monika Bojanowska
- Department of Chemistry University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka Street 15 20‐950 Lublin Poland
| | - Monika Staszowska‐Karkut
- Department of Chemistry University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka Street 15 20‐950 Lublin Poland
| | - Monika Sachadyn‐Król
- Department of Chemistry University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka Street 15 20‐950 Lublin Poland
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6
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Enami S, Colussi AJ. OH-Radical Oxidation of Lung Surfactant Protein B on Aqueous Surfaces. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2018; 7:S0077. [PMID: 30533342 PMCID: PMC6245955 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollutants generate reactive oxygen species on lung surfaces. Here we report how hydroxyl radicals (·OH) injected on the surface of water react with SP-B1-25, a 25-residue polypeptide surrogate of human lung surfactant protein B. Our experiments consist of intersecting microjets of aqueous SP-B1-25 solutions with O3/O2/H2O/N2(g) gas streams that are photolyzed into ·OH(g) in situ by 266 nm laser nanosecond pulses. Surface-sensitive mass spectrometry enables us to monitor the prompt (<10 μs) and simultaneous formation of primary O n -containing products/intermediates (n≤5) triggered by the reaction of ·OH with interfacial SP-B1-25. We found that O-atoms from both O3 and ·OH are incorporated into the reactive cysteine Cys8 and Cys11 and tryptophan Trp9 components of the hydrophobic N-terminus of SP-B1-25 that lies at the topmost layers of the air-liquid interface. Remarkably, these processes are initiated by ·OH additions rather than by H-atom abstractions from S-H, C-H, or N-H groups. By increasing the hydrophilicity of the N-terminus region of SP-B1-25, these transformations will impair its role as a surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology
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7
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Abstract
Due to the adverse effect of atmospheric aerosols on public health and their ability to affect climate, extensive research has been undertaken in recent decades to understand their sources and sinks, as well as to study their physical and chemical properties. Atmospheric aerosols are important players in the Earth’s radiative budget, affecting incoming and outgoing solar radiation through absorption and scattering by direct and indirect means. While the cooling properties of pure inorganic aerosols are relatively well understood, the impact of organic aerosols on the radiative budget is unclear. Additionally, organic aerosols are transformed through chemical reactions during atmospheric transport. The resulting complex mixture of organic aerosol has variable physical and chemical properties that contribute further to the uncertainty of these species modifying the radiative budget. Correlations between oxidative processing and increased absorptivity, hygroscopicity, and cloud condensation nuclei activity have been observed, but the mechanisms behind these phenomena have remained unexplored. Herein, we review environmentally relevant heterogeneous mechanisms occurring on interfaces that contribute to the processing of aerosols. Recent laboratory studies exploring processes at the aerosol–air interface are highlighted as capable of generating the complexity observed in the environment. Furthermore, a variety of laboratory methods developed specifically to study these processes under environmentally relevant conditions are introduced. Remarkably, the heterogeneous mechanisms presented might neither be feasible in the gas phase nor in the bulk particle phase of aerosols at the fast rates enabled on interfaces. In conclusion, these surface mechanisms are important to better understand how organic aerosols are transformed in the atmosphere affecting the environment.
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8
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Xiao P, Yang JJ, Fang WH, Cui G. QM/MM studies on ozonolysis of α-humulene and Criegee reactions with acids and water at air–water/acetonitrile interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16138-16150. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
QM/MM electronic structure calculations reveal important mechanistic insights on the ozonolysis of α-humulene and Criegee reactions with acids and water at air–water/acetonitrile interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Jia-Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
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9
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Ishizuka S, Fujii T, Matsugi A, Sakamoto Y, Hama T, Enami S. Controlling factors of oligomerization at the water surface: why is isoprene such a unique VOC? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15400-15410. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial oligomerization of isoprene is facilitated by the resonance stabilization through the formation of a tertiary carbocation with a conjugated CC bond pair, and electron enrichment induced by the neighboring methyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Ishizuka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0819
- Japan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies
| | - Tomihide Fujii
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Akira Matsugi
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Tsukuba 305-8569
- Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0819
- Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies
- Tsukuba 305-8506
- Japan
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10
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Shiraiwa M, Ueda K, Pozzer A, Lammel G, Kampf CJ, Fushimi A, Enami S, Arangio AM, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Fujitani Y, Furuyama A, Lakey PSJ, Lelieveld J, Lucas K, Morino Y, Pöschl U, Takahama S, Takami A, Tong H, Weber B, Yoshino A, Sato K. Aerosol Health Effects from Molecular to Global Scales. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13545-13567. [PMID: 29111690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Poor air quality is globally the largest environmental health risk. Epidemiological studies have uncovered clear relationships of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM) with adverse health outcomes, including mortality by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Studies of health impacts by aerosols are highly multidisciplinary with a broad range of scales in space and time. We assess recent advances and future challenges regarding aerosol effects on health from molecular to global scales through epidemiological studies, field measurements, health-related properties of PM, and multiphase interactions of oxidants and PM upon respiratory deposition. Global modeling combined with epidemiological exposure-response functions indicates that ambient air pollution causes more than four million premature deaths per year. Epidemiological studies usually refer to PM mass concentrations, but some health effects may relate to specific constituents such as bioaerosols, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and transition metals. Various analytical techniques and cellular and molecular assays are applied to assess the redox activity of PM and the formation of reactive oxygen species. Multiphase chemical interactions of lung antioxidants with atmospheric pollutants are crucial to the mechanistic and molecular understanding of oxidative stress upon respiratory deposition. The role of distinct PM components in health impacts and mortality needs to be clarified by integrated research on various spatiotemporal scales for better evaluation and mitigation of aerosol effects on public health in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Gerhard Lammel
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher J Kampf
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akihiro Fushimi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Andrea M Arangio
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) , Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Yuji Fujitani
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akiko Furuyama
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | | | | | - Yu Morino
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Takahama
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) , Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Akinori Takami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | | | | | - Ayako Yoshino
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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11
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Enami S, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. Criegee Intermediates React with Levoglucosan on Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3888-3894. [PMID: 28767252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan (Levo), a C6-anhydrosaccharide produced in the combustion of cellulosic materials, is the major component of aerosols produced from biomass burning over vast regions worldwide. Levo has long been considered chemically inert and thus has been used as a tracer of biomass burning sources. However, we now show that sugars including Levo, glucose, arabitol, and mannitol react rapidly with Criegee intermediates (CIs) generated during the ozonolysis of sesquiterpenes on the surface of water:acetonitrile microjets. Hydrophilic Levo reacts faster with CIs than with water or surface-active 1-octanol at air-aqueous interfaces. This unexpected phenomenon is likely associated with the relatively low water density at air-aqueous interfaces coupled with a higher gas-phase acidity of the saccharide hydroxyl groups (i.e., -OH) versus n-alkanols. Results presented herein show that aerosol saccharides are in fact reactive toward CIs. Given the abundance of saccharides in the atmosphere, they may be important contributors to the growth and mass loading of secondary organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - A J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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12
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Enami S, Colussi AJ. Reactions of Criegee Intermediates with Alcohols at Air-Aqueous Interfaces. J Phys Chem A 2017. [PMID: 28635281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fate of Criegee intermediates (CIs) from the gas-phase ozonolysis of unsaturated organic compounds in the troposphere is largely controlled by their reactions with water vapor. We recently found that against all expectations carboxylic acids compete at millimolar concentrations with water for CIs at the air-liquid interface of aqueous organic media. This outcome is consistent with both the low water concentration in the outermost interfacial layers and the enrichment of the competing acids therein. Here we show, via online electrospray mass spectrometric detection, that CIs generated in situ in the fast ozonolysis of sesquiterpenes (C15H24) on the surface of water:acetonitrile microjets react with n ≥ 4 linear alcohols CnH2n+1OH to produce high molecular weight C15+n ethers in one step. The OH group of 1-octanol proved to be ∼25 times less reactive than that of n-octanoic toward CIs at the same bulk molar concentration, revealing that the reactivity of hydroxylic species depends on both acidities and interfacial affinities. CI interfacial reactions with surface-active hydroxylic species, by bypassing water, represent shortcuts to molecular complexity in atmospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - A J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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13
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Abstract
In the troposphere, the fate of gas-phase Criegee intermediates (CIs) is deemed to be determined by their reactions with water molecules. Here it is shown that CIs produced in situ on the surface of water/acetonitrile (W/AN) solutions react competitively with millimolar carboxylic acids. Present experiments probe, via online electrospray mass spectrometry, CIs' chemistry on the surface of α-humulene and β-caryophyllene in W/AN microjets exposed to O3(g) for <10 μs. Mass-specific identification lets us establish the progeny of products and intermediates generated in the early stages of CIs' reactions with H2O, D2O, H218O, and n-alkyl-COOH (n = 1-7). It is found that n-alkyl-COOH competes for CIs with interfacial water, their competitiveness being an increasing function of n. Present findings demonstrate that CIs can react with species other than H2O on the surface of aqueous organic aerosols due to the low water concentrations prevalent in the outermost interfacial layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - A J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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14
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Matsuoka K, Sakamoto Y, Hama T, Kajii Y, Enami S. Reactive Uptake of Gaseous Sesquiterpenes on Aqueous Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:810-818. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsuoka
- Graduate
School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Graduate
School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate
School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8316, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Institute
of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshizumi Kajii
- Graduate
School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate
School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8316, Japan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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15
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Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Introductory lecture: atmospheric chemistry in the Anthropocene. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:11-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The term “Anthropocene” was coined by Professor Paul Crutzen in 2000 to describe an unprecedented era in which anthropogenic activities are impacting planet Earth on a global scale. Greatly increased emissions into the atmosphere, reflecting the advent of the Industrial Revolution, have caused significant changes in both the lower and upper atmosphere. Atmospheric reactions of the anthropogenic emissions and of those with biogenic compounds have significant impacts on human health, visibility, climate and weather. Two activities that have had particularly large impacts on the troposphere are fossil fuel combustion and agriculture, both associated with a burgeoning population. Emissions are also changing due to alterations in land use. This paper describes some of the tropospheric chemistry associated with the Anthropocene, with emphasis on areas having large uncertainties. These include heterogeneous chemistry such as those of oxides of nitrogen and the neonicotinoid pesticides, reactions at liquid interfaces, organic oxidations and particle formation, the role of sulfur compounds in the Anthropocene and biogenic–anthropogenic interactions. A clear and quantitative understanding of the connections between emissions, reactions, deposition and atmospheric composition is central to developing appropriate cost-effective strategies for minimizing the impacts of anthropogenic activities. The evolving nature of emissions in the Anthropocene places atmospheric chemistry at the fulcrum of determining human health and welfare in the future.
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16
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Enami S, Fujii T, Sakamoto Y, Hama T, Kajii Y. Carboxylate Ion Availability at the Air–Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9224-9234. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tomihide Fujii
- Graduate School of Global Environmental
Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Global Environmental
Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8316, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yoshizumi Kajii
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental
Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8316, Japan
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17
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Chemical exposure-response relationship between air pollutants and reactive oxygen species in the human respiratory tract. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32916. [PMID: 27605301 PMCID: PMC5015057 DOI: 10.1038/srep32916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution can cause oxidative stress and adverse health effects such as asthma and other respiratory diseases, but the underlying chemical processes are not well characterized. Here we present chemical exposure-response relations between ambient concentrations of air pollutants and the production rates and concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the human respiratory tract. In highly polluted environments, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) containing redox-active transition metals, quinones, and secondary organic aerosols can increase ROS concentrations in the ELF to levels characteristic for respiratory diseases. Ambient ozone readily saturates the ELF and can enhance oxidative stress by depleting antioxidants and surfactants. Chemical exposure-response relations provide a quantitative basis for assessing the relative importance of specific air pollutants in different regions of the world, showing that aerosol-induced epithelial ROS levels in polluted megacity air can be several orders of magnitude higher than in pristine rainforest air.
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18
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Enami S, Sakamoto Y, Hara K, Osada K, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. "Sizing" Heterogeneous Chemistry in the Conversion of Gaseous Dimethyl Sulfide to Atmospheric Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1834-1843. [PMID: 26761399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions is a global source of cloud condensation nuclei. The amounts of the nucleating H2SO4(g) species produced in such process, however, remain uncertain. Hydrophobic DMS is mostly oxidized in the gas phase into H2SO4(g) + DMSO(g) (dimethyl sulfoxide), whereas water-soluble DMSO is oxidized into H2SO4(g) in the gas phase and into SO4(2-) + MeSO3(-) (methanesulfonate) on water surfaces. R = MeSO3(-)/(non-sea-salt SO4(2-)) ratios would therefore gauge both the strength of DMS sources and the extent of DMSO heterogeneous oxidation if Rhet = MeSO3(-)/SO4(2-) for DMSO(aq) + ·OH(g) were known. Here, we report that Rhet = 2.7, a value obtained from online electrospray mass spectra of DMSO(aq) + ·OH(g) reaction products that quantifies the MeSO3(-) produced in DMSO heterogeneous oxidation on aqueous aerosols for the first time. On this basis, the inverse R dependence on particle radius in size-segregated aerosol collected over Syowa station and Southern oceans is shown to be consistent with the competition between DMSO gas-phase oxidation and its mass accommodation followed by oxidation on aqueous droplets. Geographical R variations are thus associated with variable contributions of the heterogeneous pathway to DMSO atmospheric oxidation, which increase with the specific surface area of local aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University , Uji 611-0011, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0610, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Hara
- Department of Earth Science System, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazuo Osada
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , California 91125, United States
| | - Agustín J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , California 91125, United States
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Chapleski RC, Zhang Y, Troya D, Morris JR. Heterogeneous chemistry and reaction dynamics of the atmospheric oxidants, O3, NO3, and OH, on organic surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3731-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00375j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous chemistry of the most important atmospheric oxidants, O3, NO3, and OH, plays a central role in regulating atmospheric gas concentrations, processing aerosols, and aging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yafen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
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Enami S, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. OH-Radical Specific Addition to Glutathione S-Atom at the Air-Water Interface: Relevance to the Redox Balance of the Lung Epithelial Lining Fluid. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3935-3943. [PMID: 26722895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants in epithelial lining fluids (ELF) prevent inhaled air pollutants from reaching lung tissue. This process, however, may upset ELF's redox balance, which is deemed to be expressed by the ratio of the major antioxidant glutathione (GSH) to its putative oxidation product GSSG. Previously, we found that at physiological pH O3(g) rapidly oxidizes GS(2-)(aq) (but not GSH(-)) to GSO3(-) rather than GSSG. Here, we report that in moderately acidic pH ≤ 5 media ·OH(g) oxidizes GSH(-)(aq) to sulfenic GSOH(-), sulfinic GSO2(-), and sulfonic GSO3(-) acids via ·OH specific additions to reduced S-atoms. The remarkable specificity of ·OH on water versus its lack of selectivity in bulk water implicates an unprecedented steering process during [OH···GSH] interfacial encounters. Thus, both O3 and ·OH oxidize GSH to GSOH(-) under most conditions, and since GSOH(-) is reduced back to GSH in vivo by NADPH, redox balance may be in fact signaled by GSH/GSOH ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University , Uji 611-0011, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Agustín J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4440-75. [PMID: 25856774 DOI: 10.1021/cr500487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Thomas DA, Wang L, Goh B, Kim ES, Beauchamp JL. Mass Spectrometric Sampling of a Liquid Surface by Nanoliter Droplet Generation from Bursting Bubbles and Focused Acoustic Pulses: Application to Studies of Interfacial Chemistry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3336-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504494t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Thomas
- Arthur
Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lingtao Wang
- Department
of Electrical Engineering-Electrophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Byoungsook Goh
- Arthur
Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Eun Sok Kim
- Department
of Electrical Engineering-Electrophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - J. L. Beauchamp
- Arthur
Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Physicochemical aspects of reaction of ozone with galactolipid and galactolipid-tocopherol layers. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:639-49. [PMID: 24862871 PMCID: PMC4052016 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The impact of reaction of galactolipids with ozone on the physicochemical properties of their monolayers was examined. In Megli and Russo (Biochim Biophys Acta, 1778:143–152, 2008), Cwiklik and Jungwirth (Chem Phys Lett, 486:99–103, 2010), Jurkiewicz et al. (Biochim Biophys Acta, 1818:2388–2402, 2012), Khabiri et al. (Chem Phys Lett, 519:93–99, 2012), and Conte et al. (Biochim Biophys Acta, 1828:510–517, 2013), the properties of layers formed from model mixtures composed of chosen lipids and selected oxidation products were studied, whereas in this work, question was raised as to how the oxidation reactions taking place in situ affect the physical properties of the galactolipid layers. So, set experiment should take into account the effect of all reaction products. The mechanical characteristics of monolayers of monogalactosyldiacyl-glycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) were determined by Langmuir trough technique, and the electrical properties of liposomes formed from these lipids by measuring their electrophoretic mobility. Considerable loss of galactolipid molecules forming monolayers was found at ozone concentrations (in aqueous medium) higher than 0.1 ppm with a stronger effect measured for MGDG. That goes along with the greater amounts of MDA found in the extracts of oxidized MGDG films compared with DGDG. Based on this, it was concluded that an additional galactose group present in DGDG molecules acts protectively under oxidative conditions. The surface tension of the solutions (of small volume) contacting the oxidized galactolipids films was significantly reduced, indicating the presence of soluble in polar media, surface active reaction products. The presence of α-tocopherol in mixtures with tested galactolipids at a molar ratio of lipid to tocopherol equal to 1.7:1 caused some inhibition of lipid oxidation, reducing the decrease of amount of lipid particles forming the monolayer. Here, also protective effect of α-tocopherol was greater for the MGDG compared to DGDG.
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Shiraiwa M, Selzle K, Pöschl U. Hazardous components and health effects of atmospheric aerosol particles: reactive oxygen species, soot, polycyclic aromatic compounds and allergenic proteins. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:927-39. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.663084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Davidovits P, Kolb CE, Williams LR, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR. Update 1 of: Mass Accommodation and Chemical Reactions at Gas−Liquid Interfaces. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR76-109. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100360b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Davidovits
- Chemistry Department, 2609 Beacon Street, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Charles E. Kolb
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Leah R. Williams
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - John T. Jayne
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
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Kinugawa T, Enami S, Yabushita A, Kawasaki M, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. Conversion of gaseous nitrogen dioxide to nitrate and nitrite on aqueous surfactants. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:5144-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01497d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hayase S, Yabushita A, Kawasaki M, Enami S, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. Heterogeneous Reaction of Gaseous Ozone with Aqueous Iodide in the Presence of Aqueous Organic Species. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:6016-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101985f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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