1
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Reinmuth-Selzle K, Bellinghausen I, Leifke AL, Backes AT, Bothen N, Ziegler K, Weller MG, Saloga J, Schuppan D, Lucas K, Pöschl U, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J. Chemical modification by peroxynitrite enhances TLR4 activation of the grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. Front Allergy 2023; 4:1066392. [PMID: 36873048 PMCID: PMC9975604 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1066392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical modification of aeroallergens by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) may contribute to the growing prevalence of respiratory allergies in industrialized countries. Post-translational modifications can alter the immunological properties of proteins, but the underlying mechanisms and effects are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation of the major birch and grass pollen allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5, and how the physiological oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO-) changes the TLR4 activation through protein nitration and the formation of protein dimers and higher oligomers. Of the two allergens, Bet v 1 exhibited no TLR4 activation, but we found TLR4 activation of Phl p 5, which increased after modification with ONOO- and may play a role in the sensitization against this grass pollen allergen. We attribute the TLR4 activation mainly to the two-domain structure of Phl p 5 which may promote TLR4 dimerization and activation. The enhanced TLR4 signaling of the modified allergen indicates that the ONOO--induced modifications affect relevant protein-receptor interactions. This may lead to increased sensitization to the grass pollen allergen and thus contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergies in the Anthropocene, the present era of globally pervasive anthropogenic influence on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Leifke
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna T. Backes
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Bothen
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kira Ziegler
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael G. Weller
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Garzón-Porras AM, Bertuzzi DL, Lucas K, Ornelas C. Well-Defined Bifunctional Dendrimer Bearing 54 Nitric Oxide-Releasing Moieties and 54 Ursodeoxycholic Acid Groups Presenting High Anti-Inflammatory Activity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5171-5187. [PMID: 36413181 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are endogenous molecules involved in physiological processes associated with inflammation. Since inflammatory processes are present in the mechanisms of many diseases, these molecules are important for the development of new drugs. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a well-defined bifunctional dendrimer with 108 termini bearing 54 NO-releasing groups and 54 UDCA units (Dendri-(NO/UDCA)54). For comparison, a lower-generation dendrimer bearing 18 NO-releasing groups and 18 UDCA units (Dendri-(NO/UDCA)18) was also synthesized. The anti-inflammatory activity of these dendrimers was evaluated, showing that the bifunctional dendrimers have an inverse correlation between concentration and anti-inflammatory activity, with an effect dramatically pronounced for Dendri-(NO/UDCA)54 20, which at just 0.25 nM inhibited 76.1% of IL-8 secretion. Data suggest that nanomolar concentrations of these dendrimers aid in releasing NO in a safe and controlled way. This bifunctional dendrimer has great potential as a drug against multifactorial diseases associated with inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Garzón-Porras
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas─UNICAMP, 13083-861 Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Diego L Bertuzzi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas─UNICAMP, 13083-861 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas─UNICAMP, 13083-861 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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3
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Reinmuth-Selzle K, Tchipilov T, Backes AT, Tscheuschner G, Tang K, Ziegler K, Lucas K, Pöschl U, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Weller MG. Determination of the protein content of complex samples by aromatic amino acid analysis, liquid chromatography-UV absorbance, and colorimetry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4457-4470. [PMID: 35320366 PMCID: PMC9142416 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fast and accurate determination of the protein content of a sample is an important and non-trivial task of many biochemical, biomedical, food chemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental research activities. Different methods of total protein determination are used for a wide range of proteins with highly variable properties in complex matrices. These methods usually work reasonably well for proteins under controlled conditions, but the results for non-standard and complex samples are often questionable. Here, we compare new and well-established methods, including traditional amino acid analysis (AAA), aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA) based on the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, reversed-phase liquid chromatography of intact proteins with UV absorbance measurements at 220 and 280 nm (LC-220, LC-280), and colorimetric assays like Coomassie Blue G-250 dye-binding assay (Bradford) and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. We investigated different samples, including proteins with challenging properties, chemical modifications, mixtures, and complex matrices like air particulate matter and pollen extracts. All methods yielded accurate and precise results for the protein and matrix used for calibration. AAA, AAAA with fluorescence detection, and the LC-220 method yielded robust results even under more challenging conditions (variable analytes and matrices). These methods turned out to be well-suited for reliable determination of the protein content in a wide range of samples, such as air particulate matter and pollen. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teodor Tchipilov
- Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna T. Backes
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Tscheuschner
- Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Tang
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kira Ziegler
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael G. Weller
- Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Rosch M, Lucas K, Al-Gousous J, Pöschl U, Langguth P. Formulation and Characterization of an Effervescent Hydrogen-Generating Tablet. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1327. [PMID: 34959728 PMCID: PMC8707073 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen, as a medical gas, is a promising emerging treatment for many diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Molecular hydrogen can be generated through hydrogen ion reduction by a metal, and magnesium-containing effervescent tablets constitute an attractive formulation strategy for oral delivery. In this regard, saccharide-based excipients represent an important class of potential fillers with high water solubility and sweet taste. In this study, we investigated the effect of different saccharides on the morphological and mechanical properties and the disintegration of hydrogen-generating effervescent tablets prepared by dry granulation. Mannitol was found to be superior to other investigated saccharides and promoted far more rapid hydrogen generation combined with acceptable mechanical properties. In further product optimization involving investigation of lubricant effects, adipic acid was selected for the optimized tablet, due to regulatory considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Rosch
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (K.L.); (U.P.)
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (K.L.); (U.P.)
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (K.L.); (U.P.)
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
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5
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Lucas K, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Oppitz N, Ackermann M. Cinnamon and Hop Extracts as Potential Immunomodulators for Severe COVID-19 Cases. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:589783. [PMID: 33719281 PMCID: PMC7952639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.589783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kurt Lucas
| | | | - Nicole Oppitz
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Lucas K, Rosch M, Langguth P. Molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) as a potential treatment for acute and chronic fatigue. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000378. [PMID: 33368699 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases as well as acute conditions can lead to fatigue, which can be either temporary or chronic in nature. Acute fatigue develops frequently after physical exercise or after alcohol hangover, whereas microbial infections such as influenza or COVID-19 and chronic diseases like Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis are often associated with chronic fatigue. Oxidative stress and a resulting disturbance of mitochondrial function are likely to be common denominators for many forms of fatigue, and antioxidant treatments have been shown to be effective in alleviating the symptoms of fatigue. In this study, we review the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in fatigue and the antioxidant effects of the intake of molecular hydrogen. We propose that molecular hydrogen is well suited for the treatment of temporary and chronic forms of oxidative stress-associated fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Rosch
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Langguth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Ziegler K, Kunert AT, Reinmuth-Selzle K, Leifke AL, Widera D, Weller MG, Schuppan D, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Lucas K, Pöschl U. Chemical modification of pro-inflammatory proteins by peroxynitrite increases activation of TLR4 and NF-κB: Implications for the health effects of air pollution and oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101581. [PMID: 32739154 PMCID: PMC7767743 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants like fine particulate matter can cause adverse health effects through oxidative stress and inflammation. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) such as peroxynitrite can chemically modify proteins, but the effects of such modifications on the immune system and human health are not well understood. In the course of inflammatory processes, the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can sense damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we investigate how the TLR4 response and pro-inflammatory potential of the proteinous DAMPs α-Synuclein (α-Syn), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and high-mobility-group box 1 protein (HMGB1), which are relevant in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, changes upon chemical modification with peroxynitrite. For the peroxynitrite-modified proteins, we found a strongly enhanced activation of TLR4 and the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in stable reporter cell lines as well as increased mRNA expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 in human monocytes (THP-1). This enhanced activation of innate immunity via TLR4 is mediated by covalent chemical modifications of the studied DAMPs. Our results show that proteinous DAMPs modified by peroxynitrite more potently amplify inflammation via TLR4 activation than the native DAMPs, and provide first evidence that such modifications can directly enhance innate immune responses via a defined receptor. These findings suggest that environmental pollutants and related ROS/RNS may play a role in promoting acute and chronic inflammatory disorders by structurally modifying the body's own DAMPs. This may have important consequences for chronic neurodegenerative, cardiovascular or gastrointestinal diseases that are prevalent in modern societies, and calls for action, to improve air quality and climate in the Anthropocene. Pollutants and oxidative stress can cause protein nitration and oligomerization. Peroxynitrite amplifies inflammatory potential of disease-related proteins in vitro. Chemical modification of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Positive feedback of modified DAMPs via pattern recognition receptor (TLR4). Air pollution may promote inflammatory disorders in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Ziegler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna T Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Anna Lena Leifke
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, Reading, UK
| | - Michael G Weller
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Kurt Lucas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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8
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Ose R, Tu J, Schink A, Maxeiner J, Schuster P, Lucas K, Saloga J, Bellinghausen I. Cinnamon extract inhibits allergen-specific immune responses in human and murine allergy models. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 50:41-50. [PMID: 31573731 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceylon cinnamon has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties in many diseases including allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse in more detail the effects of cinnamon extract (CE) and its major compounds p-cymene and trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA) on allergen-specific immune responses in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Therefore, monocyte-derived mature dendritic cells (DC) from grass or birch pollen allergic donors were pulsed with the respective allergen in the presence or absence of CE, p-cymene, CA or the solvent ethanol and co-cultured with autologous CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, basophil activation test was performed with or without CE or ethanol treatment. For the in vivo experiments, BALB/c mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and orally treated with CE or ethanol. RESULTS Addition of CE, p-cymene or CA, but not ethanol significantly inhibited DC maturation and subsequent allergen-specific T cell proliferation as well as Th1 and Th2 cytokine production. Sulphidoleukotriene release and CD63 expression by basophils were also significantly diminished after addition of CE. In vivo, treatment of OVA-sensitized mice with CE led to a significant shift from OVA-specific IgE towards IgG2a production and to a strong inhibition of OVA-specific proliferation. Moreover, airway inflammation as well as anaphylaxis after intranasal or systemic allergen challenge was significantly reduced in CE-treated mice. Furthermore, topical application of CE prevented calcipotriol-induced atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in these mice. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Taken together, our data indicate that the anti-inflammatory effect of cinnamon might be exploited for treatment of allergic inflammation, which needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ose
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jessica Tu
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Schink
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Maxeiner
- Asthma Core Facility, Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Schuster
- Asthma Core Facility, Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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9
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Neumann J, Ziegler K, Gelléri M, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Liu F, Bellinghausen I, Schuppan D, Birk U, Pöschl U, Cremer C, Lucas K. Nanoscale distribution of TLR4 on primary human macrophages stimulated with LPS and ATI. Nanoscale 2019; 11:9769-9779. [PMID: 31066732 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00943d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role in the recognition of invading pathogens. Upon activation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), TLR4 is recruited into specific membrane domains and dimerizes. In addition to LPS, TLR4 can be stimulated by wheat amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATI). ATI are proteins associated with gluten containing grains, whose ingestion promotes intestinal and extraintestinal inflammation. However, the effect of ATI vs. LPS on the membrane distribution of TLR4 at the nanoscale has not been analyzed. In this study, we investigated the effect of LPS and ATI stimulation on the membrane distribution of TLR4 in primary human macrophages using single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We found that in unstimulated macrophages the majority of TLR4 molecules are located in clusters, but with donor-dependent variations from ∼51% to ∼75%. Depending on pre-clustering, we found pronounced variations in the fraction of clustered molecules and density of clusters on the membrane upon LPS and ATI stimulation. Although clustering differed greatly among the human donors, we found an almost constant cluster diameter of ∼44 nm for all donors, independent of treatment. Together, our results show donor-dependent but comparable effects between ATI and LPS stimulation on the membrane distribution of TLR4. This may indicate a general mechanism of TLR4 activation in primary human macrophages. Furthermore, our methodology visualizes TLR4 receptor clustering and underlines its functional role as a signaling platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Neumann
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Ziegler K, Neumann J, Liu F, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Cremer C, Saloga J, Reinmuth-Selzle K, Pöschl U, Schuppan D, Bellinghausen I, Lucas K. Nitration of Wheat Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors Increases Their Innate and Adaptive Immunostimulatory Potential in vitro. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3174. [PMID: 30740114 PMCID: PMC6357940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATI) can be found in all gluten containing cereals and are, therefore, ingredient of basic foods like bread or pasta. In the gut ATI can mediate innate immunity via activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on immune cells residing in the lamina propria, promoting intestinal, as well as extra-intestinal, inflammation. Inflammatory conditions can induce formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and, thereby, endogenous protein nitration in the body. Moreover, air pollutants like ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can cause exogenous protein nitration in the environment. Both reaction pathways may lead to the nitration of ATI. To investigate if and how nitration modulates the immunostimulatory properties of ATI, they were chemically modified by three different methods simulating endogenous and exogenous protein nitration and tested in vitro. Here we show that ATI nitration was achieved by all three methods and lead to increased immune reactions. We found that ATI nitrated by tetranitromethane (TNM) or ONOO- lead to a significantly enhanced TLR4 activation. Furthermore, in human primary immune cells, TNM nitrated ATI induced a significantly higher T cell proliferation and release of Th1 and Th2 cytokines compared to unmodified ATI. Our findings implicate a causative chain between nitration, enhanced TLR4 stimulation, and adaptive immune responses, providing major implications for public health, as nitrated ATI may strongly promote inhalative wheat allergies (baker's asthma), non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS), other allergies, and autoimmune diseases. This underlines the importance of future work analyzing the relationship between endo- and exogenous protein nitration, and the rise in incidence of ATI-related and other food hypersensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Ziegler
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Neumann
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fobang Liu
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Cremer
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Tong H, Lakey PSJ, Arangio AM, Socorro J, Shen F, Lucas K, Brune WH, Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Reactive Oxygen Species Formed by Secondary Organic Aerosols in Water and Surrogate Lung Fluid. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:11642-11651. [PMID: 30234977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in adverse health effects of air pollutants. Respiratory deposition of fine air particulate matter can lead to the formation of ROS in epithelial lining fluid, potentially causing oxidative stress and inflammation. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) account for a large fraction of fine particulate matter, but their role in adverse health effects is unclear. Here, we quantify and compare the ROS yields and oxidative potential of isoprene, β-pinene, and naphthalene SOA in water and surrogate lung fluid (SLF). In pure water, isoprene and β-pinene SOA were found to produce mainly OH and organic radicals, whereas naphthalene SOA produced mainly H2O2 and O2•-. The total molar yields of ROS of isoprene and β-pinene SOA were 11.8% and 8.2% in water and decreased to 8.5% and 5.2% in SLF, which can be attributed to ROS removal by lung antioxidants. A positive correlation between the total peroxide concentration and ROS yield suggests that organic (hydro)peroxides may play an important role in ROS formation from biogenic SOA. The total molar ROS yields of naphthalene SOA was 1.7% in water and increased to 11.3% in SLF. This strong increase is likely due to redox reaction cycles involving environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFR) or semiquinones, antioxidants, and oxygen, which may promote the formation of H2O2 and the adverse health effects of anthropogenic SOA from aromatic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Tong
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Andrea M Arangio
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Joanna Socorro
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Fangxia Shen
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - William H Brune
- Department of Meteorology , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department , Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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Schink A, Neumann J, Leifke AL, Ziegler K, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Cremer C, Thines E, Weber B, Pöschl U, Schuppan D, Lucas K. Screening of herbal extracts for TLR2- and TLR4-dependent anti-inflammatory effects. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203907. [PMID: 30307962 PMCID: PMC6181297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal extracts represent an ample source of natural compounds, with potential to be used in improving human health. There is a growing interest in using natural extracts as possible new treatment strategies for inflammatory diseases. We therefore aimed at identifying herbal extracts that affect inflammatory signaling pathways through toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR2 and TLR4. Ninety-nine ethanolic extracts were screened in THP-1 monocytes and HeLa-TLR4 transfected reporter cells for their effects on stimulated TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways. The 28 identified anti-inflammatory extracts were tested in comparative assays of stimulated HEK-TLR2 and HEK-TLR4 transfected reporter cells to differentiate between direct TLR4 antagonistic effects and interference with downstream signaling cascades. Furthermore, the ten most effective anti-inflammatory extracts were tested on their ability to inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation in HeLa-TLR4 transfected reporter cell lines and for their ability to repolarize M1-type macrophages. Ethanolic extracts which showed the highest anti-inflammatory potential, up to a complete inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production were Castanea sativa leaves, Cinchona pubescens bark, Cinnamomum verum bark, Salix alba bark, Rheum palmatum root, Alchemilla vulgaris plant, Humulus lupulus cones, Vaccinium myrtillus berries, Curcuma longa root and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi leaves. Moreover, all tested extracts mitigated not only TLR4, but also TLR2 signaling pathways. Seven of them additionally inhibited translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Two of the extracts showed impact on repolarization of pro-inflammatory M1-type to anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. Several promising anti-inflammatory herbal extracts were identified in this study, including extracts with previously unknown influence on key TLR signaling pathways and macrophage repolarization, serving as a basis for novel lead compound identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schink
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Neumann
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Leifke
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kira Ziegler
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Cremer
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bettina Weber
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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13
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Lucas K, James P, Choh AC, Lee M, Czerwinski SA, Demerath EW, Johnson W. The positive association of infant weight gain with adulthood body mass index has strengthened over time in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:476-484. [PMID: 29493107 PMCID: PMC8782254 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant weight gain is positively related to adulthood body mass index (BMI), but it is unknown whether or not this association is stronger for individuals born during (compared with before) the obesity epidemic. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine how the infant weight gain-adulthood BMI association might have changed across successive birth year cohorts spanning most of the 20th century. METHODS The sample comprised 346 participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Confounder-adjusted regression models were used to test the associations of conditional weight-for-length Z-score, capturing weight change between ages 0-2 years, with young adulthood BMI and blood pressure, including cohort [1933-1949 {N = 137}, 1950-1969 {N = 108}, 1970-1997 {N = 101}] as an effect modifier. RESULTS Conditional weight-for-length Z-score was positively related to adulthood BMI, but there was significant effect modification by birth year cohort such that the association was over two times stronger in the 1970-1997 cohort (β 2.31; 95% confidence interval 1.59, 3.03) compared with the 1933-1949 (0.98; 0.31, 1.65) and 1950-1969 (0.87; 0.21, 1.54) cohorts. A similar pattern was found for systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS The infant weight gain-adulthood BMI association was over two times stronger among a cohort born during the obesity epidemic era compared with cohorts born earlier in the 20th century.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Lucas
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - P. James
- MRC Unit, The Gambia and MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A. C. Choh
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, USA
| | - M. Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, USA
| | - S. A. Czerwinski
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, USA
| | - E. W. Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - W. Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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14
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Lang-Yona N, Kunert AT, Vogel L, Kampf CJ, Bellinghausen I, Saloga J, Schink A, Ziegler K, Lucas K, Schuppan D, Pöschl U, Weber B, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J. Fresh water, marine and terrestrial cyanobacteria display distinct allergen characteristics. Sci Total Environ 2018; 612:767-774. [PMID: 28866404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, global cyanobacteria biomass increased due to climate change as well as industrial usage for production of biofuels and food supplements. Thus, there is a need for thorough characterization of their potential health risks, including allergenicity. We therefore aimed to identify and characterize similarities in allergenic potential of cyanobacteria originating from the major ecological environments. Different cyanobacterial taxa were tested for immunoreactivity with IgE from allergic donors and non-allergic controls using immunoblot and ELISA. Moreover, mediator release from human FcεR1-transfected rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells was measured, allowing in situ examination of the allergenic reaction. Phycocyanin content and IgE-binding potential were determined and inhibition assays performed to evaluate similarities in IgE-binding epitopes. Mass spectrometry analysis identified IgE-reactive bands ranging between 10 and 160kDa as phycobiliprotein compounds. Levels of cyanobacterial antigen-specific IgE in plasma of allergic donors and mediator release from sensitized RBL cells were significantly higher compared to non-allergic controls (p<0.01). Inhibition studies indicated cross-reactivity between IgE-binding proteins from fresh water cyanobacteria and phycocyanin standard. We further addressed IgE-binding characteristics of marine water and soil-originated cyanobacteria. Altogether, our data suggest that the intensive use and the strong increase in cyanobacterial abundance due to climate change call for increasing awareness and further monitoring of their potential health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Lang-Yona
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Anna Theresa Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lothar Vogel
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Allergology, Langen, Germany
| | - Christopher Johannes Kampf
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Department of Dermatology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Department of Dermatology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Schink
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kira Ziegler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bettina Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Schink A, Naumoska K, Kitanovski Z, Kampf CJ, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Thines E, Pöschl U, Schuppan D, Lucas K. Anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamon extract and identification of active compounds influencing the TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways. Food Funct 2018; 9:5950-5964. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon extract and its active compounds attenuate TLR2-/TLR4-mediated inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schink
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Katerina Naumoska
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry
| | - Zoran Kitanovski
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Christopher Johannes Kampf
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
| | | | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff Forschung gGmbH
- Kaiserslautern
- Germany
- Institute of Molecular Physiology
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55131 Mainz
- Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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16
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Shiraiwa M, Ueda K, Pozzer A, Lammel G, Kampf CJ, Fushimi A, Enami S, Arangio AM, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Fujitani Y, Furuyama A, Lakey PSJ, Lelieveld J, Lucas K, Morino Y, Pöschl U, Takahama S, Takami A, Tong H, Weber B, Yoshino A, Sato K. Aerosol Health Effects from Molecular to Global Scales. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:13545-13567. [PMID: 29111690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Poor air quality is globally the largest environmental health risk. Epidemiological studies have uncovered clear relationships of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM) with adverse health outcomes, including mortality by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Studies of health impacts by aerosols are highly multidisciplinary with a broad range of scales in space and time. We assess recent advances and future challenges regarding aerosol effects on health from molecular to global scales through epidemiological studies, field measurements, health-related properties of PM, and multiphase interactions of oxidants and PM upon respiratory deposition. Global modeling combined with epidemiological exposure-response functions indicates that ambient air pollution causes more than four million premature deaths per year. Epidemiological studies usually refer to PM mass concentrations, but some health effects may relate to specific constituents such as bioaerosols, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and transition metals. Various analytical techniques and cellular and molecular assays are applied to assess the redox activity of PM and the formation of reactive oxygen species. Multiphase chemical interactions of lung antioxidants with atmospheric pollutants are crucial to the mechanistic and molecular understanding of oxidative stress upon respiratory deposition. The role of distinct PM components in health impacts and mortality needs to be clarified by integrated research on various spatiotemporal scales for better evaluation and mitigation of aerosol effects on public health in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Gerhard Lammel
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher J Kampf
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akihiro Fushimi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Andrea M Arangio
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) , Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Yuji Fujitani
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akiko Furuyama
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | | | | | - Yu Morino
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Takahama
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) , Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Akinori Takami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | | | | | - Ayako Yoshino
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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17
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Morris G, Walder K, Carvalho AF, Tye SJ, Lucas K, Berk M, Maes M. The role of hypernitrosylation in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neuroprogressive diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 84:453-469. [PMID: 28789902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a wealth of data indicating that de novo protein S-nitrosylation in general and protein transnitrosylation in particular mediates the bulk of nitric oxide signalling. These processes enable redox sensing and facilitate homeostatic regulation of redox dependent protein signalling, function, stability and trafficking. Increased S-nitrosylation in an environment of increasing oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) is initially a protective mechanism aimed at maintaining protein structure and function. When O&NS becomes severe, mechanisms governing denitrosylation and transnitrosylation break down leading to the pathological state referred to as hypernitrosylation (HN). Such a state has been implicated in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and we investigate its potential role in the development and maintenance of neuroprogressive disorders. In this paper, we propose a model whereby the hypernitrosylation of a range of functional proteins and enzymes lead to changes in activity which conspire to produce at least some of the core abnormalities contributing to the development and maintenance of pathology in these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, SA152LW, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-040, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Susannah J Tye
- Deakin University, The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-040, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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18
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Lucas K, Nolte I, Galindo-Zamora V, Lerch M, Stukenborg-Colsman C, Behrens BA, Bouguecha A, Betancur S, Almohallami A, Wefstaedt P. Comparative measurements of bone mineral density and bone contrast values in canine femora using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and conventional digital radiography. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:130. [PMID: 28490330 PMCID: PMC5426025 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening due to bone remodelling processes after total hip replacement is one common cause for revision surgery. In human medicine, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard for quantitative evaluation of bone mineral density, whereas in veterinary medicine conventional radiography is used for follow-up studies. Recently, a method has been described using digital X-ray images for quantitative assessment of grey scale values of bone contrast. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA with grey scale values (GV) measured in digital X-ray images (RX50, RX66) ex vivo. RESULTS The measured GV in the chosen X-ray settings showed on average a good correlation (r = 0.61) to the measured BMD with DEXA. Correlation between the two X-ray settings was very good (r = 0.81). For comparisons among regions of interests (ROIs) a difference of 8.2% was found to be statistically significant, whereas in the case of RX50 and RX66 differences of 5.3% and 4.1% were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that measuring absolute changes in bone mineral density might be possible using digital radiography. Not all significant differences between ROIs detectable with DEXA can be displayed in the X-ray images because of the lower sensitivity of the radiographs. However, direct comparison of grey scale values of the periprosthetic femur in one individual patient during the follow-up period, in order to predict bone remodelling processes, should be possible, but with a lesser sensitivity than with DEXA. It is important that the same X-ray settings are chosen for each patient for follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lucas
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - I Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - V Galindo-Zamora
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Lerch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - B A Behrens
- Institute of Forming Technology and Machines, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Bouguecha
- Institute of Forming Technology and Machines, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Betancur
- Institute of Forming Technology and Machines, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Almohallami
- Institute of Forming Technology and Machines, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Wefstaedt
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Reinmuth-Selzle K, Kampf CJ, Lucas K, Lang-Yona N, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Shiraiwa M, Lakey PSJ, Lai S, Liu F, Kunert AT, Ziegler K, Shen F, Sgarbanti R, Weber B, Bellinghausen I, Saloga J, Weller MG, Duschl A, Schuppan D, Pöschl U. Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Allergies in the Anthropocene: Abundance, Interaction, and Modification of Allergens and Adjuvants. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:4119-4141. [PMID: 28326768 PMCID: PMC5453620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change are potential drivers for the increasing burden of allergic diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which air pollutants and climate parameters may influence allergic diseases, however, are complex and elusive. This article provides an overview of physical, chemical and biological interactions between air pollution, climate change, allergens, adjuvants and the immune system, addressing how these interactions may promote the development of allergies. We reviewed and synthesized key findings from atmospheric, climate, and biomedical research. The current state of knowledge, open questions, and future research perspectives are outlined and discussed. The Anthropocene, as the present era of globally pervasive anthropogenic influence on planet Earth and, thus, on the human environment, is characterized by a strong increase of carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and combustion- or traffic-related particulate matter in the atmosphere. These environmental factors can enhance the abundance and induce chemical modifications of allergens, increase oxidative stress in the human body, and skew the immune system toward allergic reactions. In particular, air pollutants can act as adjuvants and alter the immunogenicity of allergenic proteins, while climate change affects the atmospheric abundance and human exposure to bioaerosols and aeroallergens. To fully understand and effectively mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution and climate change on allergic diseases, several challenges remain to be resolved. Among these are the identification and quantification of immunochemical reaction pathways involving allergens and adjuvants under relevant environmental and physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Kampf
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes
Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Naama Lang-Yona
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | | | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Pascale S. J. Lakey
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Senchao Lai
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- South
China University of Technology, School of
Environment and Energy, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fobang Liu
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Anna T. Kunert
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Kira Ziegler
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Fangxia Shen
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Rossella Sgarbanti
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Bettina Weber
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Michael G. Weller
- Division
1.5 Protein Analysis, Federal Institute
for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department
of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute
of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy,
Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131 Germany
- Division
of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
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20
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21
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Campbell MA, Finlay S, Lucas K, Neal N, Williams R. Kick the habit: a social marketing campaign by Aboriginal communities in NSW. Aust J Prim Health 2016; 20:327-33. [PMID: 25265360 DOI: 10.1071/py14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tackling smoking is an integral component of efforts to improve health outcomes in Aboriginal communities. Social marketing is an effective strategy for promoting healthy attitudes and influencing behaviours; however, there is little evidence for its success in reducing smoking rates in Aboriginal communities. This paper outlines the development, implementation and evaluation of Kick the Habit Phase 2, an innovative tobacco control social marketing campaign in Aboriginal communities in New South Wales (NSW). The Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council worked with three Aboriginal communities and a creative agency to develop locally tailored, culturally relevant social marketing campaigns. Each community determined the target audience and main messages, and identified appropriate local champions and marketing tools. Mixed methods were used to evaluate the campaign, including surveys and interviews with community members and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service staff. Community survey participants demonstrated high recall of smoking cessation messages, particularly for messages and images specific to the Kick the Habit campaign. Staff participating in interviews reported an increased level of interest from community members in smoking cessation programs, as well as increased confidence and skills in developing further social marketing campaigns. Aboriginal community-driven social marketing campaigns in tobacco control can build capacity, are culturally relevant and lead to high rates of recall in Aboriginal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Campbell
- Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council of New South Wales, Level 3, 66 Wentworth Avenue, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - S Finlay
- Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council of New South Wales, Level 3, 66 Wentworth Avenue, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - K Lucas
- Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council of New South Wales, Level 3, 66 Wentworth Avenue, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - N Neal
- Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council of New South Wales, Level 3, 66 Wentworth Avenue, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - R Williams
- Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council of New South Wales, Level 3, 66 Wentworth Avenue, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
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Lucas K, Morris G, Anderson G, Maes M. The Toll-Like Receptor Radical Cycle Pathway: A New Drug Target in Immune-Related Chronic Fatigue. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2016; 14:838-54. [PMID: 25801843 DOI: 10.2174/1871527314666150317224645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss that peripheral and central activation of the Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) Radical Cycle may underpin the pathophysiology of immune-related chronic fatigue secondary to other medical diseases and conditions. The TLR Radical Cycle plays a role in illnesses and conditions that are disproportionately commonly comorbid with secondary chronic fatigue, including a) neuroinflammatory disorders, e.g. Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, psychological stressors, and b) systemic disorders, e.g. (auto)immune disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ankylosing spondylitis, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, incl. myocardial infarction, cancer and its treatments. Increased TLR signaling is driven by activated immuneinflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways, pathogen derived molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharides, and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Newly formed redox-derived DAMPs, secondary to oxidative processes, may further activate the TLR complex leading to an auto-amplifying TLR Radical feedback loop. Increased gut permeability with translocation of gram negative bacteria and LPS, which activates the TLR Radical Cycle, is another pathway that may play a role in most of the abovementioned diseases and the secondary fatigue accompanying them. It is concluded that secondary fatigue may be associated with activation of the TLR Radical Cycle pathway due to activated immune-inflammatory pathways, classical and redox-derived DAMPs and PAMPs plays a role in its pathophysiology. Such an activation of the TLR Radical Cycle pathway may also explain why the abovementioned conditions are primed for an increased expression of secondary chronic fatigue. Targeting the TLR Radical Cycle pathway may be an effective method to treat TLR-Radical Cycle-related diseases such as secondary chronic fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Zuo L, Lucas K, Fortuna CA, Chuang CC, Best TM. Molecular Regulation of Toll-like Receptors in Asthma and COPD. Front Physiol 2015; 6:312. [PMID: 26617525 PMCID: PMC4637409 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have both been historically associated with significant morbidity and financial burden. These diseases can be induced by several exogenous factors, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (e.g., allergens and microbes). Endogenous factors, including reactive oxygen species, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs), can also result in airway inflammation. Asthma is characterized by the dominant presence of eosinophils, mast cells, and clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells in the airways, while COPD typically results in the excessive formation of neutrophils, macrophages, and CD8+ T cells in the airways. In both asthma and COPD, in the respiratory tract, TLRs are the primary proteins of interest associated with the innate and adaptive immune responses; hence, multiple treatment options targeting TLRs are being explored in an effort to reduce the severity of the symptoms of these disorders. TLR-mediated pathways for both COPD and asthma have their similarities and differences with regards to cell types and the pro-inflammatory cytotoxins present in the airway. Because of the complex TLR cascade, a variety of treatments have been used to minimize airway hypersensitivity and promote bronchodilation. Although unsuccessful at completely alleviating COPD and severe asthmatic symptoms, new studies are focused on possible targets within the TLR cascade to ameliorate airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher A Fortuna
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas M Best
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
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Lucas K, Colin SP, Costello JH, Katija K, Klos E. Fluid interactions that enable stealth predation by the upstream-foraging hydromedusa Craspedacusta sowerbyi. Biol Bull 2013; 225:60-70. [PMID: 24088797 DOI: 10.1086/bblv225n1p60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Unlike most medusae that forage with tentacles trailing behind their bells, several species forage upstream of their bells using aborally located tentacles. It has been hypothesized that these medusae forage as stealth predators by placing their tentacles in more quiescent regions of flow around their bells. Consequently, they are able to capture highly mobile, sensitive prey. We used digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to quantitatively characterize the flow field around Craspedacusta sowerbyi, a freshwater upstream-foraging hydromedusa, to evaluate the mechanics of its stealth predation. We found that fluid velocities were minimal in front and along the sides of the bell where the tentacles are located. As a result, the deformation rates in the regions where the tentacles are located were low, below the threshold rates required to elicit an escape response in several species of copepods. Estimates of their encounter volume rates were examined on the basis of flow past the tentacles, and trade-offs associated with tentacle characteristics were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lucas
- Biology, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island 02809
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Lucas K, Maes M. Role of the Toll Like receptor (TLR) radical cycle in chronic inflammation: possible treatments targeting the TLR4 pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:190-204. [PMID: 23436141 PMCID: PMC7091222 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex, a receptor of the innate immune system, may underpin the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including asthma, cardiovascular disorder, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, clinical depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, alcohol abuse, and toluene inhalation. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors that recognize damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria. Here we focus on the environmental factors, which are known to trigger TLR4, e.g., ozone, atmosphere particulate matter, long-lived reactive oxygen intermediate, pentachlorophenol, ionizing radiation, and toluene. Activation of the TLR4 pathways may cause chronic inflammation and increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative and nitrosative stress and therefore TLR-related diseases. This implies that drugs or substances that modify these pathways may prevent or improve the abovementioned diseases. Here we review some of the most promising drugs and agents that have the potential to attenuate TLR-mediated inflammation, e.g., anti-LPS strategies that aim to neutralize LPS (synthetic anti-LPS peptides and recombinant factor C) and TLR4/MyD88 antagonists, including eritoran, CyP, EM-163, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 6-shogaol, cinnamon extract, N-acetylcysteine, melatonin, and molecular hydrogen. The authors posit that activation of the TLR radical (ROS/RNS) cycle is a common pathway underpinning many "civilization" disorders and that targeting the TLR radical cycle may be an effective method to treat many inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Lucas
- Sportzenkoppel 54, 22359, Hamburg, Germany
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Betancur Escobar S, Bouguecha A, Almohallami A, Niemeier H, Nolte I, Lucas K, Stukenborg-Colsmann C, Lerch M, Behrens BA. Patient-Individual Hip Cups: Simulation-Based Design and Sheet Metal Forming Manufacturing. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4076/bmt-2013-4076.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lucas K, Maes M. Molecular mechanisms underpinning laser printer and photocopier induced symptoms, including chronic fatigue syndrome and respiratory tract hyperresponsiveness: pharmacological treatment with cinnamon and hydrogen. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2013; 34:723-737. [PMID: 24522022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of laser printers and photocopiers (LP&P) may be associated with health problems. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical picture that is triggered by exposure to LP&P and the molecular mechanisms underpinning the symptoms. Exposure to LP&P to vulnerable subjects may cause a symptom complex consisting of 1) irritation and hyperresponsiveness of the upper and lower respiratory tract; and 2) chronic fatigue (syndrome, CFS). Symptoms occur within hours after L&P exposure and may last for some days or become chronic with exacerbations following LP&P exposure. Substances that can be found in toners or are generated during the printing process are Silica nanoparticles, Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles, Carbon Black, metals, ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOC), etc. The latter may generate oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), damage-associated molecular patterns molecules, pulmonary and systemic inflammation, and modulate Toll Like Receptor 4 (TRL4)‑related mechanisms. It is concluded that LP&P emissions may cause activation of the TLR4 Radical Cycle and thus be associated with the onset of chronic inflammatory and O&NS illnesses, such as CFS, in some vulnerable individuals. Cinnamon, an antagonist of the TLR4 complex, and Hydrogen, a potent antiinflammatory and oxygen radical scavenger, may have efficacy treating LP&P-induced illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Lucas
- Free Inventor, Sportzenkoppel 54, 22359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pope J, Thorne C, Cividino A, Lucas K. Effect of rheumatologist education on systematic measurements and treatment decisions in rheumatoid arthritis: the metrix study. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:2247-52. [PMID: 23070990 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether an educational intervention could result in changes in physicians' practice behavior. METHODS Twenty rheumatologists performed a prospective chart audit of 50 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and again after 6 months. Ten were randomized to the educational intervention: monthly Web-based conferences on the value of systematic assessments in RA, recent evidence-based information, practice efficiency, and other topics; this group also read articles on targeting care in RA. The others were randomized to no intervention. RESULTS One thousand serial RA charts were audited at baseline and 1000 at 6 months, with no between-group differences in patient characteristics: mean disease duration of 10 years; 77% women; 74% rheumatoid factor- positive; mean Disease Activity Score (DAS) 3.7; and 68% taking methotrexate, 14% taking steroids, and 27% taking biologics. At 6 months the intervention group collected more global assessments (patient global 53% preintervention vs 66% postintervention, and MD global 51% vs 60%; p < 0.05) and Health Assessment Questionnaires (37% vs 42%; p > 0.05; p = nonsignificant), whereas controls had no change in outcomes collected. For the intervention group there was a 32% increase in calculable composite scores [such as DAS, Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), Clinical Disease Activity Index; p < 0.05] but no change in the controls. There was more targeting to a low disease state. For those with SDAI between 3.3 and 11, the percentage of patients receiving a change in therapy was 66% in the intervention group and 36% in controls (p < 0.05). When DAS was between 2.4 and 3.6, 57% of the intervention group and 38% of controls made changes to treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Small-group learning with feedback from practice audits is an inexpensive way to improve outcomes in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Pope
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Abbi KKS, Zhu J, Ehmann WC, Epner E, Carraher M, Mierski J, Talamo G, Lucas K, Rybka W, Claxton D. G-CSF mobilized vs conventional donor lymphocytes for therapy of relapse or incomplete engraftment after allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 48:357-62. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Otter SJ, Lucas K, Springett K, Moore A, Davies K, Young A, Walker-Bone K. Identifying patient-reported outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of foot symptoms on self-perceived quality of life. Musculoskeletal Care 2012; 10:65-75. [PMID: 22337478 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of patient-reported outcome measures in healthcare is increasingly recognized but these need to be patient generated. Given that foot symptoms are very common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we chose a patient-centred model with which to investigate the patients' perspective on how their foot symptoms affected them as individuals and impacted on their self-perceived quality of life, rather than using the traditional approaches of clinical examination (e.g. prevalence of deformities) or radiological assessments. METHODS A 33-item self-administered postal questionnaire was sent to all people with RA attending outpatient clinics in three hospitals over the course of one month (n=390). The questionnaire used both quantitative and qualitative approaches to enquire about the nature and extent of foot complaints and how respondents believed this affected their quality of life. RESULTS In total, 190 usable replies were received (49%). Nearly all respondents (n=177; 93.2%) reported that their quality of life was adversely affected by their foot complaint(s), with over half describing their quality of life as being badly or very badly affected. When asked to rate how severely foot complaints affected their quality of life using a 10 cm visual analogue scale, the mean score was 5.36 (range 0-10 ± SD 3), indicating that foot complaints have a moderate-to-severe effect on quality of life. Those aspects of daily living most significantly affected were: the ability to walk and the ability to wear a variety of shoes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that people with RA focus on different aspects of the impact of their disease to doctors. Rather than foot deformity or ulceration, disease activity score or health assessment questionnaire score, patients were easily able to pinpoint the key negativities of living with RA in their feet and indicated choice of footwear and ability to walk as crucial. This study and similar ones are key to identifying appropriate patient-reported outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Otter
- School of Health Professions, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
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McInnes A, Jeffcoate W, Vileikyte L, Game F, Lucas K, Higson N, Stuart L, Church A, Scanlan J, Anders J. Foot care education in patients with diabetes at low risk of complications: a consensus statement. Diabet Med 2011; 28:162-7. [PMID: 21219423 PMCID: PMC3040291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To define and agree a practical educational framework for delivery by all healthcare professionals managing patients with diabetes, particularly those at low risk of developing foot complications. METHODS A consensus meeting of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Prior to the meeting, relevant clinical papers were disseminated to the panel for review. The consensus was largely based upon the experts' clinical experience and judgement. RESULTS Four main health behaviours were identified for those at low risk of developing foot complications, namely: control of blood glucose levels; attendance at annual foot screening examination; reporting of any changes in foot health immediately; and the engagement in a simple daily foot care routine. CONCLUSION There is currently little evidence-based literature to support specific foot care practices. Patients with diabetes at low risk of developing complications should be encouraged to undertake a basic foot care regimen to reduce their likelihood of developing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McInnes
- School of Health Professions, University of Brighton, 49 Darley Road, Brighton, UK.
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Marotta P, Lucas K. Management of hepatitis B: a longitudinal national survey - impact of the Canadian Hepatitis B Consensus Guidelines. Can J Gastroenterol 2010; 24:537-42. [PMID: 21152457 PMCID: PMC2948762 DOI: 10.1155/2010/931326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver, and The Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Canada, jointly developed the Canadian Chronic Hepatitis B (HBV) Consensus Guidelines to assist practitioners involved in the management of this complex disease. These guidelines were published in The Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology in June 2007 and distributed to all Canadian gastroenterologists and hepatologists. OBJECTIVE To assess the degree to which Canadian specialist physicians were able to incorporate the recommendations from the Canadian HBV Consensus Guidelines into their daily practice. METHODS A 30 min telephone survey probing the management strategies of 80 key HBV specialists was completed on three occasions, eight months apart, to longitudinally assess the impact of the Canadian HBV Consensus Guidelines on the management of HBV. The questionnaire detailed HBV practice patterns, the impact of the Canadian HBV Consensus Guidelines on clinical practice and HBV management. RESULTS The majority of specialists incorporated many of the published recommendations outlined in the Canadian HBV Consensus Guidelines into their daily practice for patients with HBV. However, because public drug coverage is a major hurdle in the management of HBV, patients are provided markedly different HBV treatments depending on whether they have public or private drug insurance coverage. CONCLUSIONS The management of HBV is growing in complexity and continues to evolve rapidly. The Canadian HBV Consensus Guidelines have served as a valuable tool for many physicians in the management of HBV. However, effective treatment algorithms continue to be rendered irrelevant by restrictive drug coverage issues. Coverage for effective therapies and, therefore, management of HBV, differs widely across Canada depending on therapy reimbursement criteria rather than patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Marotta
- Liver Transplant Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario.
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Grosse K, Schütze A, Ettrich U, Brannasch K, Scharnagel R, Gossrau G, Lucas K, Kaiser U, Sabatowski R. 995 ONE YEAR CATAMNESIS AFTER MULTIMODAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC BACK PAIN. Eur J Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Grosse
- Pain Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Schütze
- Pain Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - U. Ettrich
- Pain Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - K. Brannasch
- Pain Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - R. Scharnagel
- Pain Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - G. Gossrau
- Pain Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - K. Lucas
- Pain Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - U. Kaiser
- Pain Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - R. Sabatowski
- Pain Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Wasserman JL, Lucas K, Lee SH, Ashton A, Crowl CT, Marković N. Fabrication of one-dimensional programmable-height nanostructures via dynamic stencil deposition. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:073909. [PMID: 18681718 DOI: 10.1063/1.2960573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic stencil deposition (DSD) techniques offer a variety of fabrication advantages not possible with traditional lithographic processing, such as the ability to directly deposit nanostructures with programmable-height profiles. However, DSD systems have not enjoyed widespread usage due to their complexity. We demonstrate a simple, low-profile, portable, one-dimensional nanotranslation system that facilitates access to nanoscale DSD abilities. Furthermore we show a variety of fabricated programmable-height nanostructures, including parallel arrays of such structures, and suggest other applications that exploit the unique capabilities of DSD fabrication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wasserman
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Lucas K, Cowan M, Horn B, Dunham K, Bao L. 272: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from a CMV Sero-Negative Donor for Persistent CMV Infection Post-Transplant. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.12.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lopatinskaya L, Zwemmer J, Uitdehaag B, Lucas K, Polman C, Nagelkerken L. Mediators of apoptosis Fas and FasL predict disability progression in multiple sclerosis over a period of 10 years. Mult Scler 2007; 12:704-9. [PMID: 17262997 DOI: 10.1177/1352458506070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TNF-alpha, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta1, CCR3, CXCR3, CCR5, Fas and FasL mRNA levels in PBMC of 25 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were quantified at baseline by real-time PCR according to a post-hoc study design. The baseline values of the different markers were analysed with respect to their correlation with the increase in disability over a period of 10 years. High levels of Fas mRNA were associated with a favourable disease course in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS (R2 = 0.74, P = 0.0001, n = 13), as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS); high levels of FasL mRNA were associated with relatively mild disease progression (R2 = 0.86, P = 0.0001, n =12) in secondary progressive (SP) MS. These findings suggest that Fas-mediated apoptosis plays a major role in the mechanism underlying long-term disease progression in MS.:
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lopatinskaya
- Division of Biomedical Research, TNO Quality of Life, P.O. Box 2215, 2301 CE, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lucas K. An analysis of changes and differences in the excitatory process of nerves and muscles based on the physical theory of excitation. J Physiol 2007; 40:225-49. [PMID: 16993005 PMCID: PMC1533744 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1910.sp001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Lucas K. On the transference of the propagated disturbance from nerve to muscle with special reference to the apparent inhibition described by Wedensky. J Physiol 2007; 43:46-90. [PMID: 16993084 PMCID: PMC1512754 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1911.sp001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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