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Badr L, Epstein I. Propagation behavior of silver hydroxide precipitate bands. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tóth R, Walliser RM, Lagzi I, Boudoire F, Düggelin M, Braun A, Housecroft CE, Constable EC. Probing the mystery of Liesegang band formation: revealing the origin of self-organized dual-frequency micro and nanoparticle arrays. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8367-8374. [PMID: 27722657 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodic precipitation processes in gels can result in impressive micro- and nanostructured patterns known as periodic precipitation (or Liesegang bands). Under certain conditions, the silver nitrate-chromium(vi) system exhibits the coexistence of two kinds of Liesegang bands with different frequencies. We now present that the two kinds of bands form independently on different time scales and the pH-dependent chromate(vi)-dichromate(vi) equilibrium controls the formation of the precipitates. We determined the spatial distribution and constitution of the particles in the bands using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy (STXM) measurements. This provided the necessary empirical input data to formulate a model for the pattern formation; a model that quantitatively reproduces the experimental observations. Understanding the pattern-forming process at the molecular level enables us to tailor the size and the shape of the bands, which, in turn, can lead to new functional architectures for a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Tóth
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Roché M Walliser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - István Lagzi
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budafoki út 8, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Florent Boudoire
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland. and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Düggelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Artur Braun
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | | | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Walliser RM, Tóth R, Lagzi I, Mathys D, Marot L, Braun A, Housecroft CE, Constable EC. Understanding the formation of aligned, linear arrays of Ag nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-assembly process, the Liesegang phenomenon, was applied to align silver nanoparticles in highly periodic linear arrays and two alternative mechanisms were proposed to explain the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Tóth
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Dübendorf
- Switzerland
| | - István Lagzi
- Department of Physics
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Daniel Mathys
- Centre of Microscopy
- University of Basel
- Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Laurent Marot
- Department of Physics
- University of Basel
- Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Artur Braun
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Dübendorf
- Switzerland
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Mansour AA, Al-Ghoul M. Band Propagation, Scaling Laws, and Phase Transition in a Precipitate System. 2. Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9201-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Abi Mansour
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Mazen Al-Ghoul
- Department
of Chemistry and Program in Computational Science, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 11-0236
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Walliser RM, Boudoire F, Orosz E, Tóth R, Braun A, Constable EC, Rácz Z, Lagzi I. Growth of nanoparticles and microparticles by controlled reaction-diffusion processes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1828-1834. [PMID: 25586218 DOI: 10.1021/la504123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of different sizes of nanoparticles and microparticles is important in designing nanostructured materials with various properties. Wet synthesis methods lack the flexibility to create various sizes of particles (particle libraries) using fixed conditions without the repetition of the steps in the method with a new set of parameters. Here, we report a synthesis method based on nucleation and particle growth in the wake of a moving chemical front in a gel matrix. The process yields well-separated regions (bands) filled with nearly monodisperse nanoparticles and microparticles, with the size of the particles varying from band to band in a predictable way. The origin of the effect is due to an interplay of a precipitation reaction of the reagents and their diffusion that is controlled in space and time by the moving chemical front. The method represents a new approach and a promising tool for the fast and competitive synthesis of various sizes of colloidal particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roché M Walliser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
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Nabika H, Sato M, Unoura K. Liesegang patterns engineered by a chemical reaction assisted by complex formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5047-5051. [PMID: 24766181 DOI: 10.1021/la5003786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Liesegang rings based on a chemical reaction, not a conventional precipitation reaction, have been developed by appropriate design of the nucleation dynamics in a system involving complex formation in a matrix. The periodic and concentric rings consisted of well-dispersed Ag nanoparticles with diameters of a few nanometers. The approach modeled here could be applied to form novel micropatterns out of inorganic salts, metal nanoparticles, organic nanocrystals, or polymeric fibers, and it could also offer a scaffold for novel models of a wide variety of reaction-diffusion phenomena in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Nabika
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University , 1-4-12 Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
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Dayeh M, Ammar M, Al-Ghoul M. Transition from rings to spots in a precipitation reaction–diffusion system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time the transition from rings to spots with squared/hexagonal symmetry in a periodic precipitation system, which consists of sulfide/hydroxide ions diffusing into a gel matrix containing dissolved cadmium(ii) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Dayeh
- Department of Chemistry
- American University of Beirut
- Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Manal Ammar
- Department of Chemistry
- American University of Beirut
- Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Al-Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry
- American University of Beirut
- Beirut, Lebanon
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Al-Ghoul M, Ammar M, Al-Kaysi RO. Band Propagation, Scaling Laws and Phase Transition in a Precipitate System. I: Experimental Study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:4427-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rabih O. Al-Kaysi
- College of Basic Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National
Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Lagzi I. Controlling and engineering precipitation patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3350-3354. [PMID: 22283626 DOI: 10.1021/la2049025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Controlling and engineering chemical structures are the most important scientific challenges in material science. Precipitation patterns from ions or nanoparticles are promising candidates for designing bulk structure for catalysis, energy production, storage, and electronics. There are only a few procedures and techniques to control precipitation (Liesegang) patterns in gel media (e.g., using an electric field, varying the initial concentration of the electrolytes). However, those methods provide just a limited degree of freedom. Here, we provide a robust and transparent way to control and engineer Liesegang patterns by varying gel concentration and inducing impurity by addition of gelatin to agarose gel. Using this experimental method, different precipitation structures can be obtained with different width and spatial distribution of the formed bands. A new variant of a sol-coagulation model was developed to describe and understand the effect of the gel concentration and impurities on Liesegang pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Lagzi
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Budafoki út 8, Hungary.
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Abi Mansour A, Al Ghoul M. Scaling and crossover dynamics in the hyperbolic reaction-diffusion equations of initially separated components. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:026107. [PMID: 21929064 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.026107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the dynamics of front propagation in the family of reactions (nA + mB (k)→ C) with initially segregated reactants in one dimension using hyperbolic reaction-diffusion equations with the mean-field approximation for the reaction rate. This leads to different dynamics than those predicted by their parabolic counterpart. Using perturbation techniques, we focus on the initial and intermediate temporal behavior of the center and width of the front and derive the different time scaling exponents. While the solution of the parabolic system yields a short time scaling as t(1/2) for the front center, width, and global reaction rate, the hyperbolic system exhibits linear scaling for those quantities. Moreover, those scaling laws are shown to be independent of the stoichiometric coefficients n and m. The perturbation results are compared with the full numerical solutions of the hyperbolic equations. The crossover time at which the hyperbolic regime crosses over to the parabolic regime is also studied. Conditions for static and moving fronts are also derived and numerically validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Abi Mansour
- Program in Computational Science, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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