1
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Goettl SJ, He C, Yang Z, Kaiser RI, Somani A, Portela-Gonzalez A, Sander W, Sun BJ, Fatimah S, Kadam KP, Chang AHH. Unconventional gas-phase synthesis of biphenyl and its atropisomeric methyl-substituted derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18321-18332. [PMID: 38912536 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00765d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The biphenyl molecule (C12H10) acts as a fundamental molecular backbone in the stereoselective synthesis of organic materials due to its inherent twist angle causing atropisomerism in substituted derivatives and in molecular mass growth processes in circumstellar environments and combustion systems. Here, we reveal an unconventional low-temperature phenylethynyl addition-cyclization-aromatization mechanism for the gas-phase preparation of biphenyl (C12H10) along with ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted methylbiphenyl (C13H12) derivatives through crossed molecular beams and computational studies providing compelling evidence on their formation via bimolecular gas-phase reactions of phenylethynyl radicals (C6H5CC, X2A1) with 1,3-butadiene-d6 (C4D6), isoprene (CH2C(CH3)CHCH2), and 1,3-pentadiene (CH2CHCHCHCH3). The dynamics involve de-facto barrierless phenylethynyl radical additions via submerged barriers followed by facile cyclization and hydrogen shift prior to hydrogen atom emission and aromatization to racemic mixtures (ortho, meta) of biphenyls in overall exoergic reactions. These findings not only challenge our current perception of biphenyls as high temperature markers in combustion systems and astrophysical environments, but also identify biphenyls as fundamental building blocks of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as coronene (C24H12) eventually leading to carbonaceous nanoparticles (soot, grains) in combustion systems and in deep space thus affording critical insight into the low-temperature hydrocarbon chemistry in our universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane J Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Zhenghai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Ankit Somani
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany.
| | | | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany.
| | - Bing-Jian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
| | - Siti Fatimah
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
| | - Komal P Kadam
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
| | - Agnes H H Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
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2
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Hirsch F, Fischer I, Bakels S, Rijs AM. Gas-Phase Infrared Spectra of the C 7H 5 Radical and Its Bimolecular Reaction Products. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2532-2540. [PMID: 35427137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Resonance-stabilized radicals are considered as possible intermediates in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in interstellar space. Here, we investigate the fulvenallenyl radical, the most stable C7H5 isomer by IR/UV ion dip spectroscopy employing free electron laser radiation in the mid-infrared region between 550 and 1750 cm-1. The radical is generated by pyrolysis from phthalide. Various jet-cooled reaction products are identified by their mass-selective IR spectra in the fingerprint region, based on a comparison with computed spectra. Interestingly, benzyl is present as a second resonance-stabilized radical. It is connected to fulvenallenyl by a sequence of two H atom losses or additions. Among the identified aromatic hydrocarbons are toluene and styrene, as well as polycyclic molecules, such as indene, naphthalene, fluorene and phenanthrene. Mechanisms for the formation of PAH from C7H5 have already been suggested in previous computational work. In particular, the radical/radical reaction of two fulvenallenyl radicals provides an efficient route to phenanthrene in one bimolecular step and might be relevant for PAH formation under astrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hirsch
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sjors Bakels
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk M Rijs
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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Suzuki S, Kiuchi S, Kinoshita K, Takeda Y, Sakaida S, Konno M, Tanaka K, Oguma M. Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzofuran, and dibenzofuran in fuel-rich oxidation of toluene using a flow reactor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6509-6525. [PMID: 33688862 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06615j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) have been attracting considerable attention owing to their high toxicity. Understanding their formation mechanism during combustion processes is important to control their emission. However, there are few studies that have quantitatively investigated OPAH formation in the fuel-rich oxidation of hydrocarbons, despite the availability of several studies on PAH formation. In this study, benzofuran and dibenzofuran as OPAHs were quantified in the fuel-rich oxidation of toluene using a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure in a temperature range of 1050-1350 K at equivalence ratios from 3.0 to 12.0 and residence times from 0.2 to 1.5 s. In addition to benzofuran and dibenzofuran, 4 types of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 19 types of PAHs were also evaluated. The experimental data obtained in this study were compared with those of the ethylene oxidation performed in our previous study. The existing kinetic model for PAH growth was modified based on several theoretical studies to predict the behavior of OPAHs with furan structures. The modified model showed significant improvements in the prediction of benzofuran and dibenzofuran formation. Based on the rate of production and sensitivity analysis using the modified model, the dominant reaction pathways of benzofuran and dibenzofuran were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Suzuki
- Research Institute for Energy Conversion, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan.
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4
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Reilly NJ, Kokkin DL, Ward ML, Flores J, Ross SD, McCaslin LM, Stanton JF. Gas-Phase Optical Detection of 3-Ethynylcyclopentenyl: A Resonance-Stabilized C7H7 Radical with an Embedded 1-Vinylpropargyl Chromophore. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10400-10411. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Damian L. Kokkin
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Meredith L. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Jonathan Flores
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Sederra D. Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Laura M. McCaslin
- Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - John F. Stanton
- Quantum Theory Project, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Florida, Gainesville Florida 32611, United States
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5
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Matsugi A. Thermal Decomposition of Benzyl Radicals: Kinetics and Spectroscopy in a Shock Tube. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:824-835. [PMID: 31917568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of high-temperature reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons and radicals is essential for the modeling of hydrocarbon growth processes in combustion environments. In this study, the thermal decomposition reaction of benzyl radicals was investigated using time-resolved broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy behind reflected shock waves at a postshock pressure of 100 kPa and temperatures of 1530, 1630, and 1740 K. The transient absorption spectra during the decomposition were recorded over the spectral range of 282-410 nm. The spectra were contributed by the absorption of benzyl radicals and some transient and residual absorbing species. The temporal behavior of the absorption was analyzed using a kinetic model to determine the rate constant for benzyl decomposition. The obtained rate constants can be represented by the Arrhenius expression k1 = 1.1 × 1012 exp(-30 500 K/T) s-1 with an estimated logarithmic uncertainty of Δlog10 k = ±0.2. Kinetic simulation of the secondary reactions indicated that fulvenallenyl radicals are potentially responsible for the transient absorption that appeared around 400 nm. This assignment is consistent with the available spectroscopic information of this radical. Possible candidates for the residual absorbing species are presented, suggesting the potential importance of ortho-benzyne as a reactive intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsugi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 16-1 Onogawa , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8569 , Japan
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6
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Liszka MK, Brezinsky K. Variable high‐pressure and concentration study of cyclohexane pyrolysis at high temperatures. INT J CHEM KINET 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Krzysztof Liszka
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois
| | - Kenneth Brezinsky
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois
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7
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Rahman RK, Raj A, Ibrahim S, Khan M I, Al Muhairi NO. Reduction in Natural Gas Consumption in Sulfur Recovery Units through Kinetic Simulation Using a Detailed Reaction Mechanism. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramees K. Rahman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Abhijeet Raj
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Salisu Ibrahim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ibrahim Khan M
- Standards & Technology Division, Abu Dhabi Gas Industry Limited, ADNOC Gas Processing, P.O. Box 665, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nasser Omair Al Muhairi
- Operations
Department, Abu Dhabi Gas Industry Limited, ADNOC Gas Processing, P.O. Box 665, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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8
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Li Y, Yuan W, Li T, Li W, Yang J, Qi F. Experimental and kinetic modeling investigation of rich premixed toluene flames doped with n-butanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10628-10636. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08518d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Blending of n-butanol for rich toluene combustion strongly suppresses the formation of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE
| | - Wenhao Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Qi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE
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9
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Oxidative destruction of monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants in sulfur recovery units. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Shapero M, Cole-Filipiak NC, Haibach-Morris C, Neumark DM. Benzyl Radical Photodissociation Dynamics at 248 nm. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12349-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shapero
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neil C. Cole-Filipiak
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Courtney Haibach-Morris
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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11
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Polino D, Parrinello M. Combustion Chemistry via Metadynamics: Benzyl Decomposition Revisited. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:978-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5118807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Polino
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich and Facoltà di Informatica,
Istituto di Scienze Computazionali, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano Switzerland
| | - Michele Parrinello
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich and Facoltà di Informatica,
Istituto di Scienze Computazionali, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano Switzerland
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12
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Sander W, Roy S, Bravo-Rodriguez K, Grote D, Sanchez-Garcia E. The Benzylperoxyl Radical as a Source of Hydroxyl and Phenyl Radicals. Chemistry 2014; 20:12917-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Rezgui Y, Guemini M. Benzene combustion: A detailed chemical kinetic modeling in laminar flames conditions. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158414030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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An experimental and theoretical investigation of the formation of C7H7 isomers in the bimolecular reaction of dicarbon molecules with 1,3-pentadiene. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Chakraborty A, Fulara J, Dietsche R, Maier JP. Spectroscopic characterization of C7H3+ and C7H3˙: electronic absorption and fluorescence in 6 K neon matrices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7023-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronic absorption spectra of mass-selected C7H3+ and C7H3˙ isomers in a neon matrix have been identified for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstarasse 80, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Neumann J, Gottschalk KE, Astumian RD. Driving and controlling molecular surface rotors with a terahertz electric field. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5242-5248. [PMID: 22574650 DOI: 10.1021/nn301001s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in the design and synthesis of molecular motors and rotors. Loosely inspired by biomolecular machines such as kinesin and the FoF1 ATPsynthase, these molecules are hoped to provide elements for construction of more elaborate structures that can carry out tasks at the nanoscale corresponding to the tasks accomplished by elementary machines in the macroscopic world. Most of the molecular motors synthesized to date suffer from the drawback that they operate relatively slowly (less than kHz). Here we show by molecular dynamics studies of a diethyl sulfide rotor on a gold(111) surface that a high-frequency oscillating electric field normal to the surface can drive directed rotation at GHz frequencies. The maximum directed rotation rate is 10(10) rotations per second, significantly faster than the rotation of previously reported directional molecular rotors. Understanding the fundamental basis of directed motion of surface rotors is essential for the further development of efficient externally driven artificial rotors. Our results represent a step toward the design of a surface-bound molecular rotary motor with a tunable rotation frequency and direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Neumann
- Chair for Applied Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Amalienstrasse 54, Munich, 80799, Germany
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17
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Matsugi A, Miyoshi A. Reactions of o-benzyne with propargyl and benzyl radicals: potential sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in combustion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9722-8. [PMID: 22678346 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of o-benzyne with propargyl and benzyl radicals have been investigated computationally. The possible reaction pathways have been explored by quantum chemical calculations at the M06-2X/6-311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level and the mechanisms have been investigated by the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory/master-equation calculations. It was found that the o-benzyne associates with the propargyl and benzyl radicals without pronounced barriers and the activated adducts easily isomerize to five-membered ring species. Indenyl radical and fluorene + H were predicted to be dominantly produced by the reactions of o-benzyne with propargyl and benzyl radicals, respectively, with the rate constants close to the high-pressure limits at temperatures below 2000 K. The related reactions on the two potential energy surfaces, namely, the reaction between fulvenallenyl radical and acetylene and the decomposition reactions of indenyl and α-phenylbenzyl radicals were also investigated. The high reactivity of o-benzyne toward the resonance stabilized radicals suggested a potential role of o-benzyne as a precursor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsugi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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18
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Matsugi A, Miyoshi A. Computational study on the recombination reaction between benzyl and propargyl radicals. INT J CHEM KINET 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Polino
- Department Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Cavallotti
- Department Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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20
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Polino D, Famulari A, Cavallotti C. Analysis of the Reactivity on the C7H6 Potential Energy Surface. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7928-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2019236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Polino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Famulari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Cavallotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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21
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Derudi M, Polino D, Cavallotti C. Toluene and benzyl decomposition mechanisms: elementary reactions and kinetic simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:21308-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22601k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Tian Z, Pitz WJ, Fournet R, Glaude PA, Battin-Leclerc F. A detailed kinetic modeling study of toluene oxidation in a premixed laminar flame. PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMBUSTION 2011; 33:233-261. [PMID: 23762016 PMCID: PMC3677400 DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An improved chemical kinetic model for the toluene oxidation based on experimental data obtained in a premixed laminar low-pressure flame with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) techniques has been proposed. The present mechanism consists of 273 species up to chrysene and 1740 reactions. The rate constants of reactions of toluene decomposition, reaction with oxygen, ipso-additions and metatheses with abstraction of phenylic H-atom are updated; new pathways of C4 + C2 species giving benzene and fulvene are added. Based on the experimental observations, combustion intermediates such as fulvenallene, naphtol, methylnaphthalene, acenaphthylene, 2-ethynylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, 1-methylphenanthrene, pyrene and chrysene are involved in the present mechanism. The final toluene model leads to an overall satisfactory agreement between the experimentally observed and predicted mole fraction profiles for the major products and most combustion intermediates. The toluene depletion is governed by metathese giving benzyl radicals, ipso-addition forming benzene and metatheses leading to C6H4CH3 radicals. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the unimolecular decomposition via the cleavage of a methyl C-H bond has a strong inhibiting effect, while decomposition via C-C bond breaking, ipso-addition of H-atom to toluene, decomposition of benzyl radicals and reactions related to C6H4CH3 radicals have promoting effect for the consumption of toluene. Moreover, flow rate analysis is performed to illustrate the formation pathways of mono- and polycyclic aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Tian
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy Université, ENSIC, 1, rue Grandville, BP 451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - William J. Pitz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA, USA
| | - René Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy Université, ENSIC, 1, rue Grandville, BP 451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Alexander Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy Université, ENSIC, 1, rue Grandville, BP 451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy Université, ENSIC, 1, rue Grandville, BP 451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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23
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Steinbauer M, Hemberger P, Fischer I, Bodi A. Photoionization of C7H6 and C7H5: Observation of the Fulvenallenyl Radical. Chemphyschem 2010; 12:1795-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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da Silva G, Cole JA, Bozzelli JW. Kinetics of the Cyclopentadienyl + Acetylene, Fulvenallene + H, and 1-Ethynylcyclopentadiene + H Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2275-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp906835w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - John A. Cole
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Joseph W. Bozzelli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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da Silva G, Bozzelli JW. The C7H5 Fulvenallenyl Radical as a Combustion Intermediate: Potential New Pathways to Two- and Three-Ring PAHs. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:12045-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907230b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel da Silva
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Joseph W. Bozzelli
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
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