1
|
Chowdhury P, Lincon A, Bhowmik S, Ojha AK, Chaki S, Samanta T, Sen A, Dasgupta S. Biodegradable Solid Polymer Electrolytes from the Discarded Cataractous Eye Protein Isolate. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2240-2253. [PMID: 38326107 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The protein extracted from the discarded eye lenses postcataract surgery, referred to as the cataractous eye protein isolate (CEPI), is employed as a polymer matrix for the construction of solid polymer electrolyte species (SPEs). SPEs are expected to be inexpensive, conductive, and mechanically stable in order to be economically and commercially viable. Environmentally, these materials should be biodegradable and nontoxic. Taking these factors into account, we investigated the possibility of using a discarded protein as a polymer matrix for SPEs. Natural compounds sorbitol and sinapic acid (SA) are used as the plasticizer and cross-linker, respectively, to tune the mechanical as well as electrochemical properties. The specific material formed is demonstrated to have high ionic conductivity ranging from ∼2 × 10-2 to ∼8 × 10-2 S cm-1. Without the addition of any salt, the ionic conductivity of sorbitol-plasticized non-cross-linked CEPI is ∼7.5 × 10-2 S cm-1. Upon the addition of NaCl, the conductivity is enhanced to ∼8 × 10-1 S cm-1. This study shows the possibility of utilizing a discarded protein CEPI as an alternative polymer matrix with further potential for the construction of tunable, flexible, recyclable, biocompatible, and biodegradable SPEs for flexible green electronics and biological devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Abhijit Lincon
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Shishir Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Atul Kumar Ojha
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sreshtha Chaki
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Tridib Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Atri Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Swagata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shigenobu K, Philippi F, Tsuzuki S, Kokubo H, Dokko K, Watanabe M, Ueno K. On the concentration polarisation in molten Li salts and borate-based Li ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6970-6978. [PMID: 36804678 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05710g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytes that transport only Li ions play a crucial role in improving rapid charge and discharge properties in Li secondary batteries. Single Li-ion conduction can be achieved via liquid materials such as Li ionic liquids containing Li+ as the only cations because solvent-free fused Li salts do not polarise in electrochemical cells, owing to the absence of neutral solvents that allow polarisation in the salt concentration and the inevitably homogeneous density in the cells under anion-blocking conditions. However, we found that borate-based Li ionic liquids induce concentration polarisation in a Li/Li symmetric cell, which results in their transference (transport) numbers under anion-blocking conditions (tabcLi) being well below unity. The electrochemical polarisation of the borate-based Li ionic liquids was attributed to an equilibrium shift caused by exchangeable B-O coordination bonds in the anions to generate Li salts and borate-ester solvents at the electrode/electrolyte interface. By comparing borate-based Li ionic liquids containing different ligands, the B-O bond strength and extent of ligand exchange were found to be directly linked to the tabcLi values. This study confirms that the presence of dynamic exchangeable bonds causes electrochemical polarisation and provides a reference for the rational molecular design of Li ionic liquids aimed at achieving single-ion conducting liquid electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shigenobu
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kokubo
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Superior CO2/N2 separation performance of highly branched Poly(1,3 dioxolane) plasticized by polyethylene glycol. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Alebrahim T, Chakraborty A, Hu L, Patil S, Cheng S, Acharya D, Doherty CM, Hill AJ, Cook TR, Lin H. Gas transport characteristics of supramolecular networks of metal-coordinated highly branched Poly(ethylene oxide). J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
5
|
Bae S, Kim Y, Kim JM, Kim JH. Dual-Cation Electrolytes Crosslinked with MXene for High-Performance Electrochromic Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:874. [PMID: 33808123 PMCID: PMC8065717 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
MXene, a 2D material, is used as a filler to manufacture polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity because of its unique sheet shape, large specific surface area and high aspect ratio. Because MXene has numerous -OH groups on its surface, it can cause dehydration and condensation reactions with poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) and consequently create pathways for the conduction of cations. The movement of Grotthuss-type hydrogen ions along the cation-conduction pathway is promoted and a high ionic conductivity can be obtained. In addition, when electrolytes composed of a conventional acid or metal salt alone is applied to an electrochromic device (ECD), it does not bring out fast response time, high coloration efficiency and transmittance contrast simultaneously. Therefore, dual-cation electrolytes are designed for high-performance ECDs. Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amine lithium salt (LiTFSI) was used as a source of lithium ions and PSSA crosslinked with MXene was used as a source of protons. Dual-Cation electrolytes crosslinked with MXene was applied to an indium tin oxide-free, all-solution-processable ECD. The effect of applying the electrolyte to the device was verified in terms of response time, coloration efficiency and transmittance contrast. The ECD with a size of 5 × 5 cm2 showed a high transmittance contrast of 66.7%, fast response time (8 s/15 s) and high coloration efficiency of 340.6 cm2/C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Bae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.B.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Youngno Kim
- KIURI Institute, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Jeong Min Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.B.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.B.); (J.M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang W, Fang Z, Zhao M, Peng Y, Zhang J, Guan S. Solid polymer electrolytes based on the composite of PEO–LiFSI and organic ionic plastic crystal. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Effect of dangling side branching of polymer electrolyte membrane at the electrode interface on enhancement of ionic conductivity and capacity retention. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Fu G, Kyu T. Effect of Side-Chain Branching on Enhancement of Ionic Conductivity and Capacity Retention of a Solid Copolymer Electrolyte Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13973-13981. [PMID: 29148782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low current drain driven by the low ionic conductivity of a solid polymer electrolyte is one of the major obstacles of solid-state battery. In an effort to improve the ionic conductivity of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and monofunctional polyethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA) were copolymerized via photopolymerization to afford a PEGDA network with dangling PEGMEA side chains. By attaching PEGMEA side branches to the PEGDA network backbone, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was found to decrease, which may be controlled by relative amounts of PEGMEA and PEGDA. Concurrently, the ionic conductivity of a co-PEM consisting of lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonylimide (LiTFSI) salt and a succinonitrile plasticizer in the PEGMEA-co-PEGDA copolymer network was enhanced with increasing PEGMEA side branching. The relationship between the network Tg and ionic conductivity of the branched co-PEM was analyzed in the context of the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation. The plasticized branched co-PEM network exhibited room-temperature ionic conductivity at a superionic conductor level of 10-3 S/cm. Of particular importance is the fact that excellent capacity retention at a high current rate (2 C) in charge/discharge cyclings of Li4Ti5O12/co-PEM/Li and LiFePO4/co-PEM/Li half-cells was achieved. This improved charge retention may be attributed to lower frictional surfaces of the electrodes afforded by side brushes, which probably alleviates formation of irreversible reaction byproducts at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Fu
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Thein Kyu
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paranjape N, Mandadapu PC, Wu G, Lin H. Highly-branched cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide) with enhanced ionic conductivity. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Chen B, Huang Z, Chen X, Zhao Y, Xu Q, Long P, Chen S, Xu X. A new composite solid electrolyte PEO/Li10GeP2S12/SN for all-solid-state lithium battery. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Kubo T, Kuroda K, Naito T, Mukai SA, Sano T, Akiyoshi K, Otsuka K. Simple Preparation and Characterization of Viscoelastic Gels Induced by Multiple Intermolecular Interactions Using Low-Molecular-Weight Species. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kubo
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Kenta Kuroda
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Toyohiro Naito
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Sada-atsu Mukai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
- The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Katsura Int’tech Center
| | - Tomoharu Sano
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
- The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Katsura Int’tech Center
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Design of polymers with an intrinsic disordered framework for Li-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Enhanced ionic conductivity in borate ester plasticized Polyacrylonitrile electrolytes for lithium battery application. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Grünebaum M, Hiller MM, Jankowsky S, Jeschke S, Pohl B, Schürmann T, Vettikuzha P, Gentschev AC, Stolina R, Müller R, Wiemhöfer HD. Synthesis and electrochemistry of polymer based electrolytes for lithium batteries. PROG SOLID STATE CH 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Funke K. Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy-the European dimension. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2013; 14:043502. [PMID: 27877585 PMCID: PMC5090311 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/4/043502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Solid State Ionics has its roots essentially in Europe. First foundations were laid by Michael Faraday who discovered the solid electrolytes Ag2S and PbF2 and coined terms such as cation and anion, electrode and electrolyte. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the main lines of development toward Solid State Ionics, pursued in Europe, concerned the linear laws of transport, structural analysis, disorder and entropy and the electrochemical storage and conversion of energy. Fundamental contributions were then made by Walther Nernst, who derived the Nernst equation and detected ionic conduction in heterovalently doped zirconia, which he utilized in his Nernst lamp. Another big step forward was the discovery of the extraordinary properties of alpha silver iodide in 1914. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the concept of point defects was established by Yakov Il'ich Frenkel, Walter Schottky and Carl Wagner, including the development of point-defect thermodynamics by Schottky and Wagner. In terms of point defects, ionic (and electronic) transport in ionic crystals became easy to visualize. In an 'evolving scheme of materials science', point disorder precedes structural disorder, as displayed by the AgI-type solid electrolytes (and other ionic crystals), by ion-conducting glasses, polymer electrolytes and nano-composites. During the last few decades, much progress has been made in finding and investigating novel solid electrolytes and in using them for the preservation of our environment, in particular in advanced solid state battery systems, fuel cells and sensors. Since 1972, international conferences have been held in the field of Solid State Ionics, and the International Society for Solid State Ionics was founded at one of them, held at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, in 1987.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Funke
- University of Münster, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kunze M, Karatas Y, Wiemhöfer HD, Schönhoff M. Correlations of Ion Motion and Chain Motion in Salt-in-Polysiloxane-g-oligoether Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3014405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kunze
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and SFB 458, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yunus Karatas
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry and SFB 458, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Wiemhöfer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry and SFB 458, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and SFB 458, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaskhedikar N, Karatas Y, Cui G, Maier J, Wiemhöfer HD. Nanocomposites based on borate esters as improved lithium-ion electrolytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Kunze M, Schulz A, Wiemhöfer HD, Eckert H, Schönhoff M. Transport Mechanisms of Ions in Graft-Copolymer Based Salt-in-Polymer Electrolytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2010.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Salt-in-polymer electrolytes based on graft copolymers with oligoether side chains and added LiCF3SO3 (LiTf) are investigated concerning the transport and dynamics of the ionic species with respect to applications as Li ion conductors. Polymer architectures are based on polysiloxane or polyphosphazene backbones with one or two side chains per monomer, respectively. NMR methods provide information about molecular dynamics on different length scales: The mechanisms governing local dynamics and long range mass transport are studied on the basis of temperature dependent spin-lattice relaxation rates and pulsed field gradient diffusion measurements for 7Li, 19F and 1H, respectively. The correlation times characterizing local ion dynamics reflect the complexation of the cations by the oligoether side chains of the polymer. 7Li and 19F diffusion coefficients and their activation energies are rather similar, suggesting the formation of ion pairs and clusters with similar activation barriers for cation and/or anion long-range transport. Activation energies of local reorientations are generally significantly smaller than activation energies of long range diffusion. Long range transport is affected by (1) the coupling of conformational side chain reorientations to the cation movement, and (2) the correlated diffusion of cations and anions within ion pairs. Ion pairs and their dissociation play a major role in controlling the resulting conductivity of the material. Guidelines for material optimization in terms of a maximized conductivity can thus be derived by identifying a compromise between high ionic mobility and good Li complexation by the coordinating side chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kunze
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institut f. Physikalische Chemie, Münster
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institut f. Physikalische Chemie, Münster
| | - Hans-Dieter Wiemhöfer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Universität Münster, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Münster, Deutschland
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Salt-in-Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries Based on Organo-Functionalized Polyphosphazenes and Polysiloxanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2010.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An overview is given on polymer electrolytes based on organo-functionalized polyphosphazenes and polysiloxanes. Chemical and electrochemical properties are discussed with respect to the synthesis, the choice of side groups and the goal of obtaining membranes and thin films that combine high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability. Electrochemical stability, concentration polarization and the role of transference numbers are discussed with respect to possible applications in lithium batteries. It is shown that the ionic conductivities of salt-in-polymer membranes without additives and plasticizers are limited to maximum conductivities around 10-4S/cm. Nevertheless, a straightforward strategy based on additives can increase the conductivities to at least 10-3S/cm and maybe further. In this context, the future role of polymers for safe, alternative electrolytes in lithium batteries will benefit from concepts based on polymeric gels, composites and hybrid materials. Presently developed polymer electrolytes with oligoether sidechains are electrochemically stable in the potential range 0–4.5V (vs. Li/Li+ reference).
Collapse
|
21
|
Funke K, Banhatti RD, Laughman DM, Badr LG, Mutke M, Santic A, Wrobel W, Fellberg EM, Biermann C. First and Second Universalities: Expeditions Towards and Beyond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2010.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of translational and localised ionic movements in disordered materials has seen intense activity spanning several decades. This article attempts to convey a concise overview of our contribution to this field over the period from 2005 to 2010 and to place it in its broad context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Radha D. Banhatti
- University of Münster, Department of Physical Chemistry, Münster, Deutschland
| | - D. M. Laughman
- University of Muenster, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Muenster, Deutschland
| | - L. G. Badr
- University of Muenster, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Muenster
| | | | | | | | | | - C. Biermann
- University of Muenster, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Münster, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|