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Dutta A, Ončák M, Izadi F, Arthur-Baidoo E, Ameixa J, Denifl S, Bald I. Plasmon-driven chemical transformation of a secondary amide probed by surface enhanced Raman scattering. Commun Chem 2024; 7:188. [PMID: 39187571 PMCID: PMC11347659 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmon-driven chemical conversion is gaining burgeoning interest in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we study the reactivity of N-methyl-4-sulfanylbenzamide (NMSB) at nanocavities of gold and silver nanoparticle aggregates under plasmonic excitation to gain understanding of the respective reaction mechanism. NMSB is a secondary amide, which is a frequent binding motive found in peptides and a common coupling product of organic molecules and biomolecules. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is used as a two-in-one in-situ spectroscopic tool to initiate the molecular transformation process and simultaneously monitor and analyze the reaction products. Supported by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) studies with the gas phase molecule, a hot electron-mediated conversion of NMSB to p-mercaptobenzamide and p-mercaptobenzonitrile is proposed at the plasmonic nanocavities. The reaction rate showed negligible dependence on the external temperature, ruling out the dominant role of heat in the chemical transformation at the plasmonic interface. This is reflected in the absence of a superlinear relationship between the reaction rate constant and the laser power density, and DEA and SERS studies indicate a hot-electron mediated pathway. We conclude that the overall reaction rate is limited by the availability of energetic hot electrons to the NMSB molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Dutta
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Farhad Izadi
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eugene Arthur-Baidoo
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - João Ameixa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Dolejškova 3, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic.
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Czelej K, Colmenares JC, Jabłczyńska K, Ćwieka K, Werner Ł, Gradoń L. Sustainable hydrogen production by plasmonic thermophotocatalysis. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Dutta A, Schürmann R, Kogikoski S, Mueller NS, Reich S, Bald I. Kinetics and Mechanism of Plasmon-Driven Dehalogenation Reaction of Brominated Purine Nucleobases on Ag and Au. ACS Catal 2021; 11:8370-8381. [PMID: 34239772 PMCID: PMC8256422 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasmon-driven photocatalysis is an emerging and promising application of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs). An understanding of the fundamental aspects of plasmon interaction with molecules and factors controlling their reaction rate in a heterogeneous system is of high importance. Therefore, the dehalogenation kinetics of 8-bromoguanine (BrGua) and 8-bromoadenine (BrAde) on aggregated surfaces of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) NPs have been studied to understand the reaction kinetics and the underlying reaction mechanism prevalent in heterogeneous reaction systems induced by plasmons monitored by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We conclude that the time-average constant concentration of hot electrons and the time scale of dissociation of transient negative ions (TNI) are crucial in defining the reaction rate law based on a proposed kinetic model. An overall higher reaction rate of dehalogenation is observed on Ag compared with Au, which is explained by the favorable hot-hole scavenging by the reaction product and the byproduct. We therefore arrive at the conclusion that insufficient hole deactivation could retard the reaction rate significantly, marking itself as rate-determining step for the overall reaction. The wavelength dependency of the reaction rate normalized to absorbed optical power indicates the nonthermal nature of the plasmon-driven reaction. The study therefore lays a general approach toward understanding the kinetics and reaction mechanism of a plasmon-driven reaction in a heterogeneous system, and furthermore, it leads to a better understanding of the reactivity of brominated purine derivatives on Ag and Au, which could in the future be exploited, for example, in plasmon-assisted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Dutta
- Institute
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University
of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robin Schürmann
- Institute
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University
of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sergio Kogikoski
- Institute
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University
of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Niclas S. Mueller
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University
of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Szczerbiński J, Metternich JB, Goubert G, Zenobi R. How Peptides Dissociate in Plasmonic Hot Spots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905197. [PMID: 31894644 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-induced hot carriers enable dissociation of strong chemical bonds by visible light. This unusual chemistry has been demonstrated for several diatomic and small organic molecules. Here, the scope of plasmon-driven photochemistry is extended to biomolecules and the reactivity of proteins and peptides in plasmonic hot spots is described. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is used to both drive the reactions and to monitor their products. Peptide backbone bonds are found to dissociate in the hot spot, which is reflected in the disappearance of the amide I band in the TER spectra. The observed fragmentation pathway involves nonthermal activation, presumably by dissociative capture of a plasmon-induced hot electron. This fragmentation pathway is known from electron transfer dissociation (ETD) of peptides in gas-phase mass spectrometry (MS), which suggests a general similarity between plasmon-induced photochemistry and nonergodic reactions triggered by electron capture. This analogy may serve as a design principle for plasmon-induced reactions of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Szczerbiński
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas B Metternich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Goubert
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Hossain A, Sakthipandi K, Atique Ullah AKM, Roy S. Recent Progress and Approaches on Carbon-Free Energy from Water Splitting. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:103. [PMID: 34138052 PMCID: PMC7770706 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight is the most abundant renewable energy resource, providing the earth with enough power that is capable of taking care of all of humanity's desires-a hundred times over. However, as it is at times diffuse and intermittent, it raises issues concerning how best to reap this energy and store it for times when the Sun is not shining. With increasing population in the world and modern economic development, there will be an additional increase in energy demand. Devices that use daylight to separate water into individual chemical elements may well be the answer to this issue, as water splitting produces an ideal fuel. If such devices that generate fuel were to become widely adopted, they must be low in cost, both for supplying and operation. Therefore, it is essential to research for cheap technologies for water ripping. This review summarizes the progress made toward such development, the open challenges existing, and the approaches undertaken to generate carbon-free energy through water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslam Hossain
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - K Sakthipandi
- Department of Physics, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti, Tamil Nadu, 626 115, India.
| | - A K M Atique Ullah
- Nanoscience and Technology Research Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjay Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College), Howrah, West Bengal, 711102, India
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Dai X, Sun Y. Reduction of carbon dioxide on photoexcited nanoparticles of VIII group metals. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16723-16732. [PMID: 31478541 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide on nanoparticles of group VIII transition metals represents an emerging research area in recent years because of their promise in transforming carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into value-added chemicals and fuels with the energy input of light. This mini review summarizes the fundamentals of the reduction of carbon dioxide and addresses how the photoexcitation of the metal nanoparticles can influence the reactions. The important roles of non-thermal hot electrons and photothermal effect in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide are highlighted, and the recent research reported in the literature are overviewed. There are still challenges in characterizing the photocatalytic reactions to distinguish the contributions of non-thermal and photothermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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7
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Gargiulo J, Berté R, Li Y, Maier SA, Cortés E. From Optical to Chemical Hot Spots in Plasmonics. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2525-2535. [PMID: 31430119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the possibility to induce chemical transformations by using tunable plasmonic modes has opened the question of whether we can control or create chemical hot spots in these systems. This can be rationalized as the reactive analogue of the well-established concept of optical hot spots, which have drawn a great deal of attention to plasmonic nanostructures for their ability to circumvent the far-field diffraction limit of conventional optical elements. Although optical hot spots can be mainly defined by the geometry and permittivity of the nanostructures, the degrees of freedom influencing their photocatalytic properties appear to be much more numerous. In fact, the reactivity of plasmonic systems are deeply influenced by the dynamics and interplay of photons, plasmon-polaritons, carriers, phonons, and molecular states. These degrees of freedom can affect the reaction rates, the product selectivity, or the spatial localization of a chemical reaction. In this Account, we discuss the oportunities to control chemical hot spots by tuning the cascade of events that follows the excitation and decay of plasmonic modes in nanostructures. We discuss a series of techniques to spatially map and image plasmonic nanoscale reactivity at the single photocatalyst level. We show how to optimize the reactivity of carriers by manipulating their excitation and decay mechanisms in plasmonic nanoparticles. In addition, the tailored generation of non-thermal phonons in metallic nanostructures and their dissipation is shown as a promise to understand and exploit thermal photocatalysis at the nanoscale. Understanding and controlling these processes is essential for the rational design of solar nanometric photocatalysts. Nevertheless, the ultimate capability of a plasmonic photocatalyst to trigger a chemical reaction is correlated to its ability to navigate through, or even modify, the potential energy surface of a given chemical reaction. Here we reunite both worlds, the plasmonic photocatalysts and the molecular ones, identifying different energy transfer pathways and their influence on selectivity and efficiency of chemical reactions. We foresee that the migration from optical to chemical hot spots will greatly assist the understanding of ongoing plasmonic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gargiulo
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Berté
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Yi Li
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
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8
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Liu S, Yuan T, Wei W, Su H, Wang W. Photoassisted Electrochemical Micropatterning of Gold Film. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9413-9418. [PMID: 31282660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical etching is a powerful and popular method for fabricating micropatterns on metal substrates for use in electronic devices, electrochemical sensors, and plasmonic substrates. In order to achieve micropatterning, either a prepatterned insulating layer (mask) or a scanning microelectrode is often required to selectively trigger electrochemical etching at the desired locations. In the present work, we employed a well-focused light beam to enable the photoassisted electrochemical etching of gold film with a spatial resolution close to the optical diffraction limit (∼300 nm). It was found that the simultaneous application of light irradiation and appropriate potential were critical for the oxidative dissolution (i.e., etching) of gold to occur. Superior controllability of light beam allowed for the direct-write micropatterning without the need of mask or probe. Etching kinetics and mechanism were also studied by monitoring the dynamic evolution of optical transparency with a conventional transmission bright-field microscope, together with characterizations on the as-obtained patterns with atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy. This study is anticipated to contribute a feasible method for the micropatterning of gold film with implications for nanoelectronics and electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Tinglian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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9
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Li S, Czap G, Wang H, Wang L, Chen S, Yu A, Wu R, Ho W. Bond-Selected Photodissociation of Single Molecules Adsorbed on Metal Surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:077401. [PMID: 30848644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.077401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the photoassisted activation of selected C─H bonds in individual molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces within the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope. Photons can couple to the C─H bond activation of specific hydrocarbons through a resonant photoassisted tunneling process. The molecule to be activated can be selected by positioning the tip with subangstrom resolution. Furthermore, structural tomography of the molecule and its dissociation products are imaged at different heights by the inelastic tunneling probe. The demonstration of single bond dissociation induced by resonant photoassisted tunneling electrons implies the attainment of atomic scale spatial resolution for bond-selected photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Gregory Czap
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Likun Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Arthur Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Ruqian Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - W Ho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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Wang P, Tang X, Huang L, Kang J, Zhong H. Ultraviolet irradiation-induced substitution of fluorine with hydroxyl radical for mass spectrometric analysis of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 905:100-5. [PMID: 26755143 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and solvent free substitution reaction of a fluorine atom in perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF) with a hydroxyl radical is reported. Under irradiation of ultraviolet laser on semiconductor nanoparticles or metal surfaces, hydroxyl radicals can be generated through hole oxidization. Among all fluorine atoms of PFOSF, highly active hydroxyl radicals specifically substitute the fluorine of sulfonyl fluoride functional group. Resultant perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is further ionized through capture of photo-generated electrons that switch the neutral molecules to negatively charged odd electron hypervalent ions. The unpaired electron subsequently initiates α O-H bond cleavage and produces perfluorooctane sulfonate negative ions. Hydroxyl radical substitution and molecular dissociation of PFOSF have been confirmed by masses with high accuracy and resolution. It has been applied to direct mass spectrometric imaging of PFOSF adsorbed on surfaces of plant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Jie Kang
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Hongying Zhong
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China.
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11
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Linic S, Aslam U, Boerigter C, Morabito M. Photochemical transformations on plasmonic metal nanoparticles. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:567-76. [PMID: 25990912 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The strong interaction of electromagnetic fields with plasmonic nanomaterials offers opportunities in various technologies that take advantage of photophysical processes amplified by this light-matter interaction. Recently, it has been shown that in addition to photophysical processes, optically excited plasmonic nanoparticles can also activate chemical transformations directly on their surfaces. This potentially offers a number of opportunities in the field of selective chemical synthesis. In this Review we summarize recent progress in the field of photochemical catalysis on plasmonic metallic nanostructures. We discuss the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the observed chemical activity, and the issues that must be better understood to see progress in the field of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suljo Linic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Umar Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Calvin Boerigter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Morabito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Kale
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and ‡Program in Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Talin Avanesian
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and ‡Program in Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Phillip Christopher
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and ‡Program in Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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13
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Gaffney KJ, Liu SH, Miller AD, Szymanski P, Harris CB. The Adsorbate Electron Affinity Dependence of Femtosecond Electron Dynamics at Dielectric/Metal Interfaces. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Petek H. Photoexcitation of adsorbates on metal surfaces: one-step or three-step. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:091704. [PMID: 22957546 DOI: 10.1063/1.4746801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this essay we discuss the light-matter interactions at molecule-covered metal surfaces that initiate surface photochemistry. The hot-electron mechanism for surface photochemistry, whereby the absorption of light by a metal surface creates an electron-hole pair, and the hot electron scatters through an unoccupied resonance of adsorbate to initiate nuclear dynamics leading to photochemistry, has become widely accepted. Yet, ultrafast spectroscopic measurements of molecule-surface electronic structure and photoexcitation dynamics provide scant support for the hot electron mechanism. Instead, in most cases the adsorbate resonances are excited through photoinduced substrate-to-adsorbate charge transfer. Based on recent studies of the role of coherence in adsorbate photoexcitation, as measured by the optical phase and momentum resolved two-photon photoemission measurements, we examine critically the hot electron mechanism, and propose an alternative description based on direct charge transfer of electrons from the substrate to adsorbate. The advantage of this more quantum mechanically rigorous description is that it informs how material properties of the substrate and adsorbate, as well as their interaction, influence the frequency dependent probability of photoexcitation and ultimately how light can be used to probe and control surface femtochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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15
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Mukherjee S, Libisch F, Large N, Neumann O, Brown LV, Cheng J, Lassiter JB, Carter EA, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. Hot electrons do the impossible: plasmon-induced dissociation of H2 on Au. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:240-247. [PMID: 23194158 DOI: 10.1021/nl303940z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis is of paramount importance in chemistry and energy applications. Catalysts that couple light energy into chemical reactions in a directed, orbital-specific manner would greatly reduce the energy input requirements of chemical transformations, revolutionizing catalysis-driven chemistry. Here we report the room temperature dissociation of H(2) on gold nanoparticles using visible light. Surface plasmons excited in the Au nanoparticle decay into hot electrons with energies between the vacuum level and the work function of the metal. In this transient state, hot electrons can transfer into a Feshbach resonance of an H(2) molecule adsorbed on the Au nanoparticle surface, triggering dissociation. We probe this process by detecting the formation of HD molecules from the dissociations of H(2) and D(2) and investigate the effect of Au nanoparticle size and wavelength of incident light on the rate of HD formation. This work opens a new pathway for controlling chemical reactions on metallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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16
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Christopher P, Xin H, Marimuthu A, Linic S. Singular characteristics and unique chemical bond activation mechanisms of photocatalytic reactions on plasmonic nanostructures. NATURE MATERIALS 2012. [PMID: 23178296 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of heterogeneous photocatalysis has almost exclusively focused on semiconductor photocatalysts. Herein, we show that plasmonic metallic nanostructures represent a new family of photocatalysts. We demonstrate that these photocatalysts exhibit fundamentally different behaviour compared with semiconductors. First, we show that photocatalytic reaction rates on excited plasmonic metallic nanostructures exhibit a super-linear power law dependence on light intensity (rate ∝ intensity(n), with n > 1), at significantly lower intensity than required for super-linear behaviour on extended metal surfaces. We also demonstrate that, in sharp contrast to semiconductor photocatalysts, photocatalytic quantum efficiencies on plasmonic metallic nanostructures increase with light intensity and operating temperature. These unique characteristics of plasmonic metallic nanostructures suggest that this new family of photocatalysts could prove useful for many heterogeneous catalytic processes that cannot be activated using conventional thermal processes on metals or photocatalytic processes on semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Christopher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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17
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Linic S, Christopher P, Ingram DB. Plasmonic-metal nanostructures for efficient conversion of solar to chemical energy. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:911-21. [PMID: 22109608 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2113] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a renewed interest in the harvesting and conversion of solar energy. Among various technologies, the direct conversion of solar to chemical energy using photocatalysts has received significant attention. Although heterogeneous photocatalysts are almost exclusively semiconductors, it has been demonstrated recently that plasmonic nanostructures of noble metals (mainly silver and gold) also show significant promise. Here we review recent progress in using plasmonic metallic nanostructures in the field of photocatalysis. We focus on plasmon-enhanced water splitting on composite photocatalysts containing semiconductor and plasmonic-metal building blocks, and recently reported plasmon-mediated photocatalytic reactions on plasmonic nanostructures of noble metals. We also discuss the areas where major advancements are needed to move the field of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suljo Linic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Watanabe
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Gorodetskii VV, Sametova AA, Matveev AV, Bulgakov NN. Elucidation of the nature of active oxygen in the reaction of low-temperature oxidation of CO on single crystal surfaces platinum and palladium. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793107020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Chulkov EV, Borisov AG, Gauyacq JP, Sanchez-Portal D, Silkin VM, Zhukov VP, Echenique PM. Electronic Excitations in Metals and at Metal Surfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4160-206. [PMID: 17031983 DOI: 10.1021/cr050166o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E V Chulkov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastian/Donostia, Basque Country, Spain.
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Luntz AC, Persson M, Wagner S, Frischkorn C, Wolf M. Femtosecond laser induced associative desorption of H2 from Ru(0001): Comparison of “first principles” theory with experiment. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:244702. [PMID: 16821991 DOI: 10.1063/1.2206588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A three dimensional model based on molecular dynamics with electronic frictions is developed to describe the femtosecond laser induced associative desorption of H2 from Ru(0001)(1 x 1)H. Two molecular coordinates (internuclear separation d and center of mass distance to surface z) and a single phonon coordinate are included in the dynamics. Both the potential energy surface and the electronic friction tensor are calculated by density functional theory so that there are no adjustable parameters in the comparison of this model with the wide range of experiments available for this system. This "first principles" dynamic model gives results in semiquantitative agreement with all experimental results; nonlinear fluence dependence of the yield, isotope effect, two pulse correlation, and energy partitioning. The good agreement of theory with experiment supports a description of this surface femtochemistry in terms of thermalized hot electron induced chemistry with coupling to nuclear coordinates through electronic frictions. By comparing the dynamics with the analytical one dimensional frictional model used previously to fit the experiments for this system, we show that the success of the one dimensional model is based on the rapid intermixing of the z and d coordinates as the H-H climbs out of the adsorption well. However, projecting the three dimensional dynamics onto one dimension introduces a fluence (adsorbate temperature) dependent "entropic" barrier in addition to the potential barrier for the chemistry. This implies that some caution must be used in interpreting activation energies obtained in fitting experiments to the one dimensional model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Luntz
- Physics Department, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Lorente N, Pascual JI. Mode-specific strategy for controlling a single-molecule reaction. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2004; 362:1227-1238. [PMID: 15306474 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic tunnelling electrons are a proper excitation source to induce chemical transformations on a single adsorbate. When their energy is tuned to that of molecular vibrational states, the modification may follow complex internal vibrational pathways. Here, we analyse our recent results on the selective excitation of ammonium stretching or bending modes to control the outcome of a simple bond-cleavage reaction. With the help of model calculations, we provide a detailed molecular-scale picture of the competing internal pathways leading to molecular movement. A mode-selective strategy, based on local excitations of specific reaction coordinates, has an important drawback when applied to adsorbate systems due to the problem of fast energy randomization. The success of such a mode-selective strategy is determined here by the ability of the scanning tunnelling microscope to study reactivity in the limit of very low yield and very low power irradiation, in a regime where vibrational heating of the adsorbate/surface system becomes negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Lorente
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, UMR5589, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, cédex France
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Giancarlo LC, Flynn GW. Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy probes of self-assembled, physisorbed monolayers: peeking at the peaks. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2004; 49:297-336. [PMID: 15012431 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.49.1.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The imaging and control of self-assembled, physisorbed monolayers have been the subject of numerous scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy investigations. The successful interpretation of the structures observed in scanning probe images of molecules self-assembled at liquid-solid and gas-solid interfaces has benefited greatly from recent experimental and theoretical work. These studies are converging on a general tunneling mechanism that accounts for the images of weakly bound, insulating adsorbates. Experiments in which the dynamical behavior of these monolayers has been monitored as a function of time both statically and after the introduction of an external perturbation are described, and novel studies of the selective control of monolayer structure that make use of internal and external electric fields, photons, and solvent coadsorption are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Giancarlo
- Chemistry Department and Columbia Radiation Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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25
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Gross A, Levine RD. Spectroscopic characterization of collision-induced electronic deformation energy using sum rules. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1592510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Oman JK, Garrett SJ. Adsorption and Laser-Induced Thermal Desorption of 1,3-Butadiene on HOPG(0001). J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021196n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason K. Oman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322
| | - Simon J. Garrett
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322
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28
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Wong V, Gruebele M. Optically assisted atomic patterning: a multiple-quantum transition master equation study. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Morgenstern K, Rieder KH. Dissociation of water molecules with the scanning tunnelling microscope. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Petek H, Ogawa S. Surface femtochemistry: observation and quantum control of frustrated desorption of alkali atoms from noble metals. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2002; 53:507-31. [PMID: 11972017 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.53.090701.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a case study of the direct, real-time observation of a surface photochemical reaction, namely the frustrated photodesorption of alkali atoms from noble metal surfaces. Charge transfer excitation of an electron from the metal substrate into an unoccupied resonance of the alkali atom instantaneously turns on the repulsive Coulomb force inducing the nuclear motion of both the adsorbate and substrate atoms. The incipient nuclear wave packet dynamics are documented for the case of Cs/Cu(111) through the accompanying change in the surface electronic structure. The intimate view of atoms attempting to escape the surface bond highlights the unique role of the substrate in the electronic and nuclear dynamics that ultimately determine the product yields. Moreover, slow dephasing of the coherent polarization is exploited to demonstrate the control of nuclear wave packets through the phase of the excitation light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Theoretical aspects of dynamical processes at metal surfaces are reviewed. Experimental challenges to theory are presented and progress toward meeting these challenges is appraised. Topics include adsorbate vibrational energy flow, inelastic molecule-surface scattering, adsorption, transient mobility, dissociation, desorption, photochemistry, and electron-induced chemistry at metal surfaces. Experimental examples cited illustrate the richness of dynamical phenomena to be understood and the necessity of developing multidimensional, beyond Born-Oppenheimer, formulations of adsorbate dynamics. Classical mechanical and quantum mechanical treatments of dynamics are contrasted. The importance of including phonon and electron-hole pair dissipation in theories of adsorbate dynamics is emphasized, and strategies for doing this in classical and quantum treatments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Tully
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
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Study of H2, O2, CO adsorption and CO+O2 reaction on Pt(100), Pd(110) monocrystal surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(00)00060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Petek H, Nagano H, Weida MJ, Ogawa S. Quantum Control of Nuclear Motion at a Metal Surface. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Petek
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - H. Nagano
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - M. J. Weida
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - S. Ogawa
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
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Weik F, Sanche L, Ingólfsson O, Illenberger E. Stabilization of transient negative ions by vibrational energy transfer: A cluster and thin film study on SF6 and C6F6. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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35
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Gaffney K, Wong C, Liu S, Miller A, McNeill J, Harris C. Femtosecond electron dynamics at the benzene/Ag(111) interface. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Gadzuk J. Hot-electron femtochemistry at surfaces: on the role of multiple electron processes in desorption. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Guo H, Ma G. Dissipative quantum dynamics in discrete energy representation: Photon-stimulated desorption of NO from metals. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Katayama K, Sawada T, Tsuyumoto I, Harata A. Picosecond Energy Transfer at Gold/Electrolyte Interfaces Using Transient Reflecting Grating Method under Surface Plasmon Resonance Condition. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.72.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hanley L, Kornienko O, Ada ET, Fuoco E, Trevor JL. Surface mass spectrometry of molecular species. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 1999; 34:705-723. [PMID: 10407355 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(199907)34:7<705::aid-jms845>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial discusses the predominant methods available for surface mass spectrometry (MS) of molecular species: thermal desorption spectroscopy, laser desorption MS, secondary ion MS, post-ionization of desorbed neutrals and surface matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. Each of these has the capability to analyze molecular species that are chemisorbed, physisorbed, covalently bound to or the predominant component of a solid surface. These surface MS methods are briefly described, then their capabilities demonstrated using data predominantly from the authors' work. Comparisons are made with related methods in conventional MS. A very brief discussion is provided on the importance of complementing surface MS data with data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other surface analysis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hanley
- Department of Chemistry, m/c 111, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., 4500 SES, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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Ben-Nun M, Martínez TJ. Electronic Energy Funnels in Cis−Trans Photoisomerization of Retinal Protonated Schiff Base. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9823289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ben-Nun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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