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Darmadi I, Nugroho FAA, Langhammer C. High-Performance Nanostructured Palladium-Based Hydrogen Sensors-Current Limitations and Strategies for Their Mitigation. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3306-3327. [PMID: 33181012 PMCID: PMC7735785 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen gas is rapidly approaching a global breakthrough as a carbon-free energy vector. In such a hydrogen economy, safety sensors for hydrogen leak detection will be an indispensable element along the entire value chain, from the site of hydrogen production to the point of consumption, due to the high flammability of hydrogen-air mixtures. To stimulate and guide the development of such sensors, industrial and governmental stakeholders have defined sets of strict performance targets, which are yet to be entirely fulfilled. In this Perspective, we summarize recent efforts and discuss research strategies for the development of hydrogen sensors that aim at meeting the set performance goals. In the first part, we describe the state-of-the-art for fast and selective hydrogen sensors at the research level, and we identify nanostructured Pd transducer materials as the common denominator in the best performing solutions. As a consequence, in the second part, we introduce the fundamentals of the Pd-hydrogen interaction to lay the foundation for a detailed discussion of key strategies and Pd-based material design rules necessary for the development of next generation high-performance nanostructured Pd-based hydrogen sensors that are on par with even the most stringent and challenging performance targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Darmadi
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ferry Anggoro Ardy Nugroho
- DIFFER
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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O’Brien CP, Lee IC. The interaction of CO with PdCu hydrogen separation membranes: An operando infrared spectroscopy study. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Darmadi I, Nugroho FAA, Kadkhodazadeh S, Wagner JB, Langhammer C. Rationally Designed PdAuCu Ternary Alloy Nanoparticles for Intrinsically Deactivation-Resistant Ultrafast Plasmonic Hydrogen Sensing. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1424-1432. [PMID: 31056911 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sensors are a prerequisite for the implementation of a hydrogen economy due to the high flammability of hydrogen-air mixtures. They are to comply with the increasingly stringent requirements set by stakeholders, such as the automotive industry and manufacturers of hydrogen safety systems, where sensor deactivation is a severe but widely unaddressed problem. In response, we report intrinsically deactivation-resistant nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensors enabled by a rationally designed ternary PdAuCu alloy nanomaterial, which combines the identified best intrinsic attributes of the constituent binary Pd alloys. This way, we achieve extraordinary hydrogen sensing metrics in synthetic air and poisoning gas background, simulating real application conditions. Specifically, we find a detection limit in the low ppm range, hysteresis-free response over 5 orders of magnitude hydrogen pressure, subsecond response time at room temperature, long-term stability, and, as the key, excellent resistance to deactivating species like carbon monoxide, notably without application of any protective coatings. This constitutes an important step forward for optical hydrogen sensor technology, as it enables application under demanding conditions and provides a blueprint for further material and performance optimization by combining and concerting intrinsic material assets in multicomponent nanoparticles. In a wider context, our findings highlight the potential of rational materials design through alloying of multiple elements for gas sensor development, as well as the potential of engineered metal alloy nanoparticles in nanoplasmonics and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Darmadi
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Shima Kadkhodazadeh
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob B. Wagner
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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TAKASHIMA T, SUZUKI T, IRIE H. Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate on Palladium-Copper Alloy Nanoparticulate Electrode. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.18-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro TAKASHIMA
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
- Special Doctoral Program for Green Energy Conversion Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Tomohiro SUZUKI
- Special Doctoral Program for Green Energy Conversion Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Hiroshi IRIE
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
- Special Doctoral Program for Green Energy Conversion Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
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Cui J, Zhou X, Wang G, Chi C, Liu Z, Zhou M. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Mass Selected Homoleptic Copper Carbonyl Cluster Cations in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7810-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405250y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Cui J, Xing X, Chi C, Wang G, Liu Z, Zhou M. Infrared Photodissociation Spectra of Mass-Selected Homoleptic Dinuclear Palladium Carbonyl Cluster Cations in the Gas Phase. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Grybos R, Benco L, Bučko T, Hafner J. Interaction of NO molecules with Pd clusters:Ab initiodensity-functional study. J Comput Chem 2009; 30:1910-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Zanti G, Peeters D. DFT Study of Small Palladium Clusters Pdnand Their Interaction with a CO Ligand (n= 1-9). Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jiang L, Xu Q. Density functional theory study of the interaction of carbon monoxide with the second-row transition-metal dimers. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Jiang L, Xu Q. Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on the Reactions of Copper Atoms with Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide Molecules in Rare-Gas Matrices. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2690-6. [PMID: 17388387 DOI: 10.1021/jp067050w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of laser-ablated Cu atoms with CO and NO mixtures in solid argon and neon have been investigated using matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy. Copper carbonyls and copper nitrosyls have been observed, whereas copper carbonyl nitrosyl complexes are absent from the present experiments. New products, (CuCO)2, [NO]Cu[NO], Cu2(mu2-NO), and Cu(NO)2Cu, have been formed in the copper experiments and characterized using infrared spectroscopy on the basis of the results of the isotopic shifts, mixed isotopic splitting patterns, stepwise annealing, the change of reagent concentration and laser energy, and comparison with theoretical predictions. Density functional theory calculations have been performed on these copper carbonyls and copper nitrosyls, which support the identification of these products from the matrix infrared spectrum. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed to account for the formation of copper carbonyls and copper nitrosyls. Similar matrix experiments with Ag and Au produce no new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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Wang M, Liu X, Meng J, Wu Z. Interaction of H2 with transition metal homonuclear dimers Cu2, Ag2, Au2 and heteronuclear dimers PdCu, PdAg and PdAu. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Schultz NE, Gherman BF, Cramer CJ, Truhlar DG. PdnCO (n = 1,2): Accurate Ab Initio Bond Energies, Geometries, and Dipole Moments and the Applicability of Density Functional Theory for Fuel Cell Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:24030-46. [PMID: 17125374 DOI: 10.1021/jp064467t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrode poisoning by CO is a major concern in fuel cells. As interest in applying computational methods to electrochemistry is increasing, it is important to understand the levels of theory required for reliable treatments of metal-CO interactions. In this paper we justify the use of relativistic effective core potentials for the treatment of PdCO and hence, by inference, for metal-CO interactions where the predominant bonding mechanism is charge transfer. We also sort out key issues involving basis sets and we recommend that bond energies of 17.2, 43.3, and 69.4 kcal/mol be used as the benchmark bond energy for dissociation of Pd2 into Pd atoms, PdCO into Pd and CO, and Pd2CO into Pd2 and CO, respectively. We calculated the dipole moments of PdCO and Pd2CO, and we recommend benchmark values of 2.49 and 2.81 D, respectively. Furthermore, we tested 27 density functionals for this system and found that only hybrid density functionals can qualitatively and quantitatively predict the nature of the sigma-donation/pi-back-donation mechanism that is associated with the Pd-CO and Pd2-CO bonds. The most accurate density functionals for the systems tested in this paper are O3LYP, OLYP, PW6B95, and PBEh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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16
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Maroulis G. Is the Hyperpolarizability of Cu2 Negative? A Study of Basis Set and Electron Correlation Effects. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0352128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Maroulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
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17
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, Cao A, Liu J. Theoretical Chemical Study on NO Interaction with Cu. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, Cao A, Liu J, Fan G. Copper assisted intercoversion of NO to N2O: a quantum chemical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(02)00735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Andrews L, Citra A. Infrared spectra and density functional theory calculations on transition metal nitrosyls. Vibrational frequencies of unsaturated transition metal nitrosyls. Chem Rev 2002; 102:885-912. [PMID: 11942782 DOI: 10.1021/cr0000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lester Andrews
- University of Virginia, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319, USA
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20
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Krim L, Alikhani EM, Manceron L. Infrared Spectrum of the Palladium Nitrosyl Complex Isolated in Solid Argon. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lahouari Krim
- LADIR/Spectrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7075 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Boîte 49, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Esmaïl M. Alikhani
- LADIR/Spectrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7075 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Boîte 49, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Manceron
- LADIR/Spectrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7075 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Boîte 49, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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Rodriguez JA, Pérez M, Jirsak T, González L, Maiti A, Larese JZ. DeNOx Reactions on MgO(100), ZnxMg1-xO(100), CrxMg1-xO(100), and Cr2O3(0001): Correlation between Electronic and Chemical Properties of Mixed-Metal Oxides. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010633f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11953, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela, and Molecular Simulations Inc., 9685 Scranton Road, San Diego, California 92121
| | - M. Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11953, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela, and Molecular Simulations Inc., 9685 Scranton Road, San Diego, California 92121
| | - T. Jirsak
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11953, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela, and Molecular Simulations Inc., 9685 Scranton Road, San Diego, California 92121
| | - L. González
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11953, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela, and Molecular Simulations Inc., 9685 Scranton Road, San Diego, California 92121
| | - A. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11953, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela, and Molecular Simulations Inc., 9685 Scranton Road, San Diego, California 92121
| | - J. Z. Larese
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11953, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela, and Molecular Simulations Inc., 9685 Scranton Road, San Diego, California 92121
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Citra A, Andrews L. Reactions of Laser-Ablated Palladium and Platinum Atoms with Nitric Oxide: Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Calculations of MNO+,0,- and M(NO)2 in Solid Argon and Neon. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000796o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Citra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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23
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Endou A, Ohashi N, Yoshizawa K, Takami S, Kubo M, Miyamoto A, Broclawik E. Comparative Investigation on the Adsorption Properties of Precious Metal Clusters toward NO: A Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000035l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Endou
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Nobumoto Ohashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshizawa
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takami
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Momoji Kubo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Akira Miyamoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ewa Broclawik
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
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Zhou M, Andrews L. Reactions of Laser-Ablated Cu with NO: Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Calculations of CuNO+, CuNO, Cu(NO)2, and Cu(NO)2- in Solid Neon and Argon. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993516h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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Rodriguez JA, Jirsak T, Chaturvedi S, Hrbek J. Surface Chemistry of SO2 on Sn and Sn/Pt(111) Alloys: Effects of Metal−Metal Bonding on Reactivity toward Sulfur. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja982174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Rodriguez
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Tomas Jirsak
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Sanjay Chaturvedi
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Jan Hrbek
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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28
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Illas F, López N, Ricart JM, Clotet A, Conesa JC, Fernández-García M. Interaction of CO and NO with PdCu(111) Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982118w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adelt M, Nepijko S, Drachsel W, Freund HJ. Size-dependent luminescence of small palladium particles. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Loffreda D, Simon D, Sautet P. Molecular and dissociative chemisorption of NO on palladium and rhodium (100) and (111) surfaces: A density-functional periodic study. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Duarte HA, Salahub DR. Embedded cluster model for chemisorption using density functional calculations: Oxygen adsorption on the Al(100) surface. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Fernández-García M, Conesa JC, Clotet A, Ricart JM, López N, Illas F. Study of the Heterometallic Bond Nature in PdCu(111) Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971973x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Duarte HA, Salahub DR. NO/Ni, NO/Ni2, and (NO)2/Ni2 Interactions. A Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9706801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélio A. Duarte
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Dennis R. Salahub
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Zhang L, Kuhn M, Diebold U, Rodriguez JA. Thermal Stability of Ultrathin Cr Films on Pt(111). J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9627786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanping Zhang
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Markus Kuhn
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Ulrike Diebold
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - José A. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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Taketsugu T, Gordon MS. An ab initio study of the reaction mechanism of Co++NH3. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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