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Yang Y, Wang C, Zhuge Y, Zhang J, Xu K, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Chen H, Chu M, Jia C. Photodynamic Antifungal Activity of Hypocrellin A Against Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1810. [PMID: 31447816 PMCID: PMC6691099 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that hypocrellin A (HA) exhibits effective antimicrobial activities with proper irradiation. However, its antifungal activity and the involved mechanism have not been fully defined. In this study, HA-mediated cytotoxicity in Candida albicans cells was evaluated after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). The results showed that 1.0 μg/ml HA significantly decreased the survival rate of C. albicans cells with light illumination. Moreover, the ROS levels were also remarkably elevated by HA. Further study found that HA combined with illumination led to cell membrane potential depolarization and cell membrane integrity damage. To investigate the form of cell death, a series of apoptosis-related parameters, including mitochondrial transmembrane potential, metacaspase activity, DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation, and cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium, were analyzed. Data showed that all the above mentioned apoptosis hallmarks were affected after treatment with HA, indicating that HA induced C. albicans cell apoptosis. Finally, HA-mediated aPDT was demonstrated to be low-toxic and effective in treating cutaneous C. albicans infections. This study highlights the antifungal effect and mechanism of HA-mediated aPDT against C. albicans and provides a promising photodynamic antifungal candidate for C. albicans skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenglu Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingzhi Zhuge
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qilu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Singhal N, Datta A. Reversible Tuning of Chemical Structure of Nafion Cast Film by Heat and Acid Treatment. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:2395-403. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506911w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Singhal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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3
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Arivazhagan M, Meenakshi R. Quantum chemical studies on structure of 1-3-dibromo-5-chlorobenzene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 82:316-326. [PMID: 21835687 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Molecular structure and vibrational frequencies of 1-3-dibromo-5-chlorobenzene (DBCB) have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations using Becke's three-parameter exchange functional combined with Lee-Yang-Parr correlation (B3LYP) and standard basis set 6-31G. DFT (B3LYP/6-31G) calculations have been performed giving energies, optimized structure, harmonic vibrational frequencies, IR intensities, and Raman activities. Raman and IR spectra of the DBCB were recorded and complete assignment of the observed vibrational bands of DBCB has been proposed. The predicted first-hyperpolarizability of DBCB is 1.221×10(-30) esu, which suggests that the title compound is an attractive object for future studies of non-linear optical properties. The impact of di-substituted halogens on the compound has also been discussed. Besides, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), HOMO-LUMO analysis and NBO analysis were performed at DFT level of theory The UV-vis spectral analysis of DBCB has also been done which confirms the charge transfer of the title compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arivazhagan
- Department of Physics, A.A. Govt. Arts College, Musiri 621 201, India.
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4
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Rosenbaum M, He Z, Angenent LT. Light energy to bioelectricity: photosynthetic microbial fuel cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:259-64. [PMID: 20378333 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rosenbaum
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 214 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Lobban CS, Hallam SJ, Mukherjee P, Petrich JW. Photophysics and Multifunctionality of Hypericin-Like Pigments in Heterotrich Ciliates: A Phylogenetic Perspective. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 83:1074-94. [PMID: 17880503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the literature and present some new data to examine the occurrence and photophysics of the diverse hypericin-like chromophores in heterotrichs, the photoresponses of the cells, the various roles of the pigments and the taxa that might be studied to advance our understanding of these pigments. Hypericin-like chromophores are known chemically and spectrally so far only from the stentorids and Fabrea, the latter now seen to be sister to stentorids in the phylogenetic tree. For three hypericin-like pigments, the structures are known but these probably do not account for all the colors seen in stentorids. At least eight physiological groups of Stentor exist depending on pigment color and presence/absence of zoochlorellae, and some species can be bleached, leading to many opportunities for comparison of pigment chemistry and cell behavior. Several different responses to light are exhibited among heterotrichs, sometimes by the same cell; in particular, cells with algal symbionts are photophilic in contrast to the well-studied sciaphilous (shade-loving) species. Hypericin-like pigments are involved in some well-known photophobic reactions but other pigments (rhodopsin and flavins) are also involved in photoresponses in heterotrichs and other protists. The best characterized role of hypericin-like pigments in heterotrichs is in photoresponses and they have at least twice evolved a role as photoreceptors. However, hypericin and hypericin-like pigments in diverse organisms more commonly serve as predator defense and the pigments are multifunctional in heterotrichs. A direct role for the pigments in UV protection is possible but evidence is equivocal. New observations are presented on a folliculinid from deep water, including physical characterization of its hypericin-like pigment and its phylogenetic position based on SSU rRNA sequences. The photophysics of hypericin and hypericin-like pigments is reviewed. Particular attention is given to how their excited-state properties are modified by the environment. Dramatic changes in excited-state behavior are observed as hypericin is moved from the homogeneous environment of organic solvents to the much more structured surroundings provided by the complexes it forms with proteins. Among these complexes, it is useful to consider the differences between environments where hypericin is not found naturally and those where it is, notably, for example, in heterotrichs. It is clear that interaction with a protein modifies the photophysics of hypericin and understanding the molecular basis of this interaction is one of the outstanding problems in elucidating the function of hypericin and hypericin-like chromophores.
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Sanders L, Halder M, Xiao TL, Ding J, Armstrong DW, Petrich JW. The Separation of Hypericin's Enantiomers and Their Photophysics in Chiral Environments¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb01539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Chowdhury PK, Ashby KD, Datta A, Petrich JW. Effect of pH on the Fluorescence and Absorption Spectra of Hypericin in Reverse Micelles¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720612eopotf2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Showalter BM, Datta A, Chowdhury PK, Park J, Bandyopadhyay P, Choudhury PK, Kesavan S, Zeng Y, Kraus GA, Gordon MS, Toscano JP, Petrich JW. Identification of a Vibrational Frequency Corresponding to H-atom Translocation in Hypericin¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740157ioavfc2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Park J, Datta A, Chowdhury PK, Petrich JW. Is the Excited-State H-atom Transfer in Hypericin Concerted?¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0730105itesha2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Zhang HY, Liu W, Liu WZ, Xie JL. Photosensitization of Hypomycin B-A Novel Perylenequinonoid Pigment with Only One Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740191pohban2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Krishnamoorthy G, Webb SP, Nguyen T, Chowdhury PK, Halder M, Wills NJ, Carpenter S, Kraus GA, Gordon MS, Petrich JW. Synthesis of Hydroxy and Methoxy Perylene Quinones, Their Spectroscopic and Computational Characterization, and Their Antiviral Activity¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb01464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Song L, Xie J, Zhang C, Li C, Zhao J. Recognition of various biomolecules by the environment-sensitive spectral responses of hypocrellin B. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:683-8. [PMID: 17549271 DOI: 10.1039/b618678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the spectral responses of hypocrellin B (HB) to the microenvironments of various biomolecules were studied, with human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) used as the models for proteins, sodium alginate (SOA) and hyaluronan (HYA) for polysaccharides and liposomes for lipid membranes. Generally, compared to those in aqueous solution, the absorbance and fluorescence of HB were all strengthened in the model systems except for the fluorescence in HYA. Specially, according to the spectral responses of HB, the microenvironments in biomolecules and liposomes could be set in a sequence of hydrophobic grades, i.e., liposomes > proteins > polysaccharides. Further, R(F/A), a parameter defined as the ratio of the fluorescence intensity to the absorbance, was proposed to identify the microenvironment quantitatively. It was found that the R(F/A) could not only distinguish various types of biomolecules but also identify specific binding from nonspecific binding to proteins or polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China
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13
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Webb SP. Ab initio electronic structure theory as an aid to understanding excited state hydrogen transfer in moderate to large systems. Theor Chem Acc 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-005-0011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Halder M, Chowdhury PK, Das R, Mukherjee P, Atkins WM, Petrich JW. Interaction of Glutathione S-Transferase with Hypericin: A Photophysical Study. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:19484-9. [PMID: 16853517 DOI: 10.1021/jp051645u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of hypericin have been studied in its complex with two different isoforms, A1-1 and P1-1, of the protein glutathione S-transferase (GST). One molecule of hypericin binds to each of the two GST subunits. Comparisons are made with our previous results for the hypericin/human serum albumin complex (Photochem. Photobiol. 1999, 69, 633-645). Hypericin binds with high affinity to the GSTs: 0.65 microM for the A1-1 isoform and 0.51 microM for the P1-1 isoform (Biochemistry 2004, 43, 12761-12769). The photophysics and activity of hypericin are strongly modulated by the binding protein. Intramolecular hydrogen-atom transfer is suppressed in both cases. Most importantly, while there is significant singlet oxygen generation from hypericin bound to GST A1-1, binding to GST P1-1 suppresses singlet oxygen generation to almost negligible levels. The data are rationalized in terms of a simple model in which the hypericin photophysics depends entirely upon the decay of the triplet state by two competing processes, quenching by oxygen to yield singlet oxygen and ionization, the latter of these two are proposed to be modulated by A1-1 and P1-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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15
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Wiehe A, Shaker YM, Brandt JC, Mebs S, Senge MO. Lead structures for applications in photodynamic therapy. Part 1: Synthesis and variation of m-THPC (Temoporfin) related amphiphilic A2BC-type porphyrins. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Chen DZ, Wang DP, Kong DX, Zhang X. Quantum study on photophysical and photochemical process of a new photosensitizer: hypomycin B. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Sanders L, Halder M, Xiao TL, Ding J, Armstrong DW, Petrich JW. The Separation of Hypericin's Enantiomers and Their Photophysics in Chiral Environments¶. Photochem Photobiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1562/2004-05-28-rn-181.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Krishnamoorthy G, Webb SP, Nguyen T, Chowdhury PK, Halder M, Wills NJ, Carpenter S, Kraus GA, Gordon MS, Petrich JW. Synthesis of Hydroxy and Methoxy Perylene Quinones, Their Spectroscopic and Computational Characterization, and Their Antiviral Activity¶. Photochem Photobiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1562/2004-11-23-ra-378r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Zhang LZ, Tang GQ, Gao BW, Zhang GL. Spectroscopic studies on the excited-state properties of the light-induced antiviral drug hypocrellin A loaded in the mesoporous solid. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Wang DP, Chen SG, Chen DZ. Theoretical study on the trihydroxy-anthraquinone tautomerism in the ground and excited states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(03)00529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Chowdhury P, Das K, Datta A, Liu WZ, Zhang HY, Petrich J. A comparison of the excited-state processes of nearly symmetrical perylene quinones: hypocrellin A and hypomycin B. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Liu J, Zhao YW, Zhao JQ, Xia AD, Jiang LJ, Wu S, Ma L, Dong YQ, Gu YH. Two-photon excitation studies of hypocrellins for photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2002; 68:156-64. [PMID: 12468211 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(02)00379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical and photochemical properties of hypocrellins (HA and HB) are examined with two-photon excitations at 800 nm using femtosecond pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser. The two-photon excited fluorescence spectra of HA and HB are very similar to those obtained by one-photon excitation, which may indicate that the two-photon induced photodynamic processes of hypocrellins are similar to one-photon induced photodynamic processes. The two-photon excitation cross sections of HA and HB are measured at 800 nm as about 34.8 x 10(-50) cm(4) s/photon and 21.3 x 10(-50) cm(4) s/photon, respectively. The large two-photon cross sections of both HA and HB, suggest that the hypocrellins can be potential two-photon phototherapeutic agents. As an example for two-photon photodynamic therapy of hypocrellins, we also further examine the cell-damaging effects of HA upon two-photon illumination. Our preliminary results of cell viability test indicate hypocrellins can effectively damage the Hela cells under two-photon illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100080, China
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23
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Showalter BM, Datta A, Chowdhury PK, Park J, Bandyopadhyay P, Choudhury PK, Kesavan S, Zeng Y, Kraus GA, Gordon MS, Toscano JP, Petrich JW. Identification of a vibrational frequency corresponding to H-atom translocation in hypericin. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 74:157-63. [PMID: 11547549 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0157:ioavfc>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, ab initio quantum mechanical calculations and synthetic organic chemistry a region in the infrared spectrum of triplet hypericin has been found between 1400 and 1500 cm-1 corresponding to the translocation of the hydrogen atom between the enol and the keto oxygens, O...H...O. This result is discussed in the context of the photophysics of hypericin and of eventual measurements to observe directly the excited-state H-atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Showalter
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhang HY, Liu W, Liu WZ, Xie JL. Photosensitization of hypomycin B--a novel perylenequinonoid pigment with only one intramolecular hydrogen bond. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 74:191-5. [PMID: 11547553 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0191:pohban>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance technique and spin-trapping methods were used to determine the photoproduction of 1O2 and O2.- by hypomycin B (HMB), a novel perylenequinonoid pigment (PQP) possessing only one hydroxyl group. It was found that the yields of 1O2 and O2.- for HMB were comparable to those for hypocrellin A, a typical natural PQP with good photosensitivity. In addition, the absorption and fluorescence spectra for HMB were investigated. The pKa values in the ground and excited states of HMB were determined to be 8.94 and 5.54, respectively. Thus, the photodynamic mechanisms of HMB may involve not only the photogeneration of 1O2 and O2.- but also the light-induced acidification. Consequently, HMB is proposed to be a good photodynamic therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Zhang
- Laboratory for Computational Biology, Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo University, Zibo, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The excited-state intramolecular H-atom transfer of hypericin (Hyp) was investigated as a function of pH in monodispersed reverse micelles formed by sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate/heptane/water and in complexes with Tb3+ under conditions in which one of the two carbonyl groups of Hyp is incapable of accepting a hydrogen atom. The results of pump-probe transient absorption experiments provide no evidence for a concerted H-atom transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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26
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Photophysics, photochemistry and photobiology of hypocrellin photosensitizers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03183199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Chowdhury PK, Ashby KD, Datta A, Petrich JW. Effect of pH on the fluorescence and absorption spectra of hypericin in reverse micelles. Photochem Photobiol 2000; 72:612-8. [PMID: 11107845 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0612:eopotf>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The well-characterized, monodispersed nature of reverse micelles formed by sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate/heptane and their usefulness in approximating a membrane-like environment have been exploited to investigate the effect of pH and water pool size on the photophysical properties of hypericin (Hyp). Our measurements reveal two titratable groups of pKa approximately 1.5 and approximately 12.5. These are assigned to the HypH+/Hyp equilibrium (the deprotonation of a carbonyl group) and the Hyp-/Hyp2- equilibrium (the deprotonation of a peri hydroxyl group). The low-energy absorbance maxima of HypH+, of Hyp and Hyp- and of Hyp2- are 583, 594 and 613 nm, respectively. Neither at pH 13 nor at 1 M HCl is the system entirely in the Hyp2- or the HypH+ forms. Ours is the first study of Hyp in reverse micelles as well as the first time-resolved study of Hyp as a function of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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28
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Datta A, Smirnov AV, Wen J, Chumanov G, Petrich JW. Multidimensional reaction coordinate for the excited-state H-atom transfer in perylene quinones: importance of the 7-membered ring in hypocrellins A and B. Photochem Photobiol 2000. [PMID: 10687390 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0710166mrcfte2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state intramolecular H-atom transfer reactions of hypocrellins B and A are compared by using time-resolved absorption and fluorescence upconversion techniques. The hypocrellin B photophysics are well described by a simple model involving one ground-state species and excited-state forward and reverse H-atom transfer with a nonfluorescent excited state. We suggest that excited-state conformational changes are coupled to the H-atom transfer in hypocrellin B just as gauche/anti changes are coupled to the H-atom transfer in hypocrellin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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29
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Kraus GA, Melekhov A, Carpenter S, Wannemuhler Y, Petrich J. Phenanthrenequinone antiretroviral agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:9-11. [PMID: 10636231 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Compounds 3 and 5 are the first phenanthrenequinones to exhibit significant virucidal activity against the retrovirus equine infectious anemia virus. They differ from hypericin in that their virucidal activity is not light dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Kraus
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Das K, Smirnov AV, Wen J, Miskovsky P, Petrich JW. Photophysics of Hypericin and Hypocrellin A in Complex with Subcellular Components: Interactions with Human Serum Albumin. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chaloupka R, Obsil T, Plásek J, Sureau F. The effect of hypericin and hypocrellin-A on lipid membranes and membrane potential of 3T3 fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1418:39-47. [PMID: 10209209 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin (HY) and Hypocrellin-A (HA) photosensitization induce rapid depolarization of plasma membrane in 3T3 cells as revealed by confocal microspectrofluorimetry using diO-C5(3) fluorescent probe. HY and HA are also able to rigidify the lipid membrane of DMPC liposomes as indicated by the decrease of pyrene excimer fluorescence used as a marker of the lipid membrane fluidity. We have also observed a nonspecific inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity due to the HY and HA photosensitization. The described effects are concentration- and light dose-dependent and generally more pronounced for HA than for HY. All these observations suggest that the lipid membranes can play an important role in the photosensitization process induced by HY and HA at the cellular level. It can be hypothesized that for HA and HY the secondary mechanism following type I or type II photosensitization process can be the peroxidation of membrane lipids as well, and thus intracellular membranes seem to be one of the most important targets of these photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaloupka
- Institute of Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Losi A, Vecll A, Viappiani C. Photoinduced Structural Volume Changes in Aqueous Solutions of Blepharismin. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Park J, English DS, Wannemuehler Y, Carpenter S, Petrich JW. The role of oxygen in the antiviral activity of hypericin and hypocrellin. Photochem Photobiol 1998. [PMID: 9796444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb02519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The light-induced antiviral activity of hypericin and hypocrellin in the presence and absence of oxygen was examined under experimental conditions where the effect of oxygen depletion could be quantified. There was a significant reduction of light-induced antiviral activity of hypericin and hypocrellin under hypoxic conditions. Interestingly, antiviral activity of hypocrellin was not observed at low oxygen levels at which hypericin retained measurable virucidal activity. This suggests that additional pathways, such as the generation of protons from excited states of hypericin, may enhance the biological activity of activated oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-3111, USA
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Shang X, Zhang G, Liu Y, Tang G, Chen W. Optical Nonlinearities and Molecular Kinetics of Hypocrellin A. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Shang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guilan Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenju Chen
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Chaloupka R, Sureau F, Kocisova E, Petrich JW. Hypocrellin A photosensitization involves an intracellular pH decrease in 3T3 cells. Photochem Photobiol 1998. [PMID: 9679450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb03251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent pH probe carboxy-seminaphtorhodafluor-1 (C-Snarf-1) has been used for laser microspectro-fluorometric assays of intracellular pH in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts treated with hypocrellin A. These results are compared to those previously obtained with the structurally related hydroxylated polycyclic quinone, hypericin (Sureau et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 9484-9487, 1996). A mean local intracellular pH drop of 0.6 units has been observed in the presence of 1 microM hypocrellin A after 90 s of exposure to 0.1 microW of laser irradiation at 514.5 nm. The time evolution of the cytoplasm acidification for hypocrellin A-treated cells is faster than that for cells treated by hypericin. Thus, release of protons from an excited state of hypocrellin A appears to be more efficient than that from hypericin. In addition, the pH dependence of the quenching of C-Snarf-1 fluorescence in 3T3 cells under continuous irradiation has been observed. It is shown here that under continuous illumination, a pH decrease is able to induce a modification of the intracellular binding equilibrium of C-Snarf-1 that results in an increase of C-Snarf-1 fluorescence intensity. This latter observation suggests that the protons generated upon the photoexcitation of hypericin or its analogs may be involved in the production of other photoreactive species. Finally, we suggest that, just as for hypericin, this pH drop may be involved in the antiviral and antitumor activity of hypocrellin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaloupka
- L.P.B.C., Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France
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An electroreflectance and photoelectrochemical study of hypericin at bare and modified gold electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Das K, Dertz E, Paterson J, Zhang W, Kraus GA, Petrich JW. Hypericin, Hypocrellin, and Model Compounds: Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropies. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp973059+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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