1
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Ozhogin IV, Pugachev AD, Tkachev VV, Kozlenko AS, Chepurnoi PB, Dmitriev VS, Shilov GV, Aldoshin SM, Minkin VI, Lukyanov BS. Synthesis and study of interconversions of new indoline spiropyrans based on 4-hydroxy-3,5-diformylbenzoic acid. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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2
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Dowds M, Stenspil SG, de Souza JH, Laursen BW, Cacciarini M, Nielsen MB. Orthogonal‐ and Path‐dependent Photo/Acidoswitching in an Eight‐state Dihydroazulene‐Spiropyran Dyad. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Dowds
- University of Copenhagen Department of Chemistry DENMARK
| | | | | | - Bo W. Laursen
- University of Copenhagen Department of Chemistry DENMARK
| | | | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- University of Copenhagen Department of Chemistry Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen DENMARK
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3
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Xia H, Ding Y, Gong J, Lilienkampf A, Xie K, Bradley M. Programmable and Flexible Fluorochromic Polymer Microarrays for Information Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27107-27117. [PMID: 35639498 PMCID: PMC9204690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive fluorochromic materials are regarded as an effective means for information storage. Their reversible changes of color and fluorescence facilitate the storage process and increase the possible storage capacity. Here, we propose an optically reconfigurable Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process to realize tunable emissions based on photochromic spiropyrans and common fluorophores. The kinetics of the photoisomerization of the spiropyran and the FRET process of the composite were systematically investigated. Through tuning the ratios of the acceptor spiropyran and donor fluorophore and external light stimuli, a programmable FRET process was developed to obtain tunable outputs. More importantly, flexible microarrays were fabricated from such fluorochromic mixtures by inkjet printing (230 ppi) and the dynamic FRET process could also be applied to generate tunable fluorescence in ready-made microstructures. The flexible patterns created using the microarrays could be used as novel optically readable media for information storage by altering the composition and optical performance of every feature within the microarray. A key aspect of information storage such is anti-counterfeiting, and these colorful displays can be fabricated and integrated in a simple and straightforward system. The reliable fabrication and programmable optical performances of these large-scale flexible polymer microarrays represent a substantial step toward high-density and high-security information storage platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xia
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and
Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuguo Ding
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jingjing Gong
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Annamaria Lilienkampf
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kang Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and
Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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4
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Structures of spiropyrans exhibiting photochromic properties in the solid state. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Mamun MSA, Sainoo Y, Takaoka T, Waizumi H, Wang Z, Alam MI, Ando A, Arafune R, Komeda T. Chemistry of the photoisomerization and thermal reset of nitro-spiropyran and merocyanine molecules on the channel of the MoS 2 field effect transistor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27273-27281. [PMID: 34850795 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have explored the chemical reaction of the photoisomerization and thermal reaction of the photochromic spiropyran (SP) 1',3'-Dihydro-1',3',3' trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1 benzopyran-2,2'-(2H)-indole] molecule deposited on the atomic thin channel of a MoS2 field-effect transistor (FET) through the analysis of the FET property. With four monolayers of SP molecules on the channel, we observed a clear shift of the threshold voltage in the drain-current vs gate-voltage plot with UV-light injection on the molecule, which was due to the change of the SP molecule to merocyanine (MC). A complete reset from MC to SP molecule was achieved by thermal annealing, while the injection of green light could revert the FET property to the original condition. In the process of change from MC to SP, two types of decay rates were confirmed. The quick- and slow-decay components corresponded to the molecules attached directly to the substrate and those in the upper layer, respectively. The activation energies for the conversion of MC to SP molecules were estimated as 71 kJ/mol and 90 kJ/mol for the former and latter, respectively. Combined with DFT calculations, we concluded that the Id-Vg shift with photoisomerization from SP to MC is due to the upper layer molecules and the dipole moment in the surface normal direction. Based on the estimated activation energy of 90 kJ/mol for the reset process, we calculated the conversion rate in a controllable temperature range. From these values, we consider that the chemical state of MC can be maintained and switched in a designated time period, which demonstrates the possibility of this system in logical operation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Sainoo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takaoka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan
| | - Hiroki Waizumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan.
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan.
| | - Md Iftekharul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9808578, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ando
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Arafune
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 304-0044, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Komeda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 9800877, Japan
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6
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Pugachev AD, Tkachev VV, Aldoshin SM, Makarova NI, Rostovtseva IA, Metelitsa AV, Stankevich NV, Shilov GV, Lukyanov BS. Structure and Properties of 1,3,3-Trimethyl-6′-chlorospiro[indoline-2,2′-2H-chromene]. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221070069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Indoline spiropyran containing an σ-acceptor chlorine atom in 6′ position of the 2H-chromene part of the molecule was synthesized and studied. The use of 1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-3H-indolium perchlorate as a starting compound made it possible to achieve higher product yields as compared to previous studies. The molecular structure of the compound was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The features of the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions were investigated using CrystalExplorer17 software package. The photochromic behavior in acetonitrile solution was studied for the first time. It was found that the merocyanine form of spiropyran is characterized by an absorption maximum at 592 nm, which is 37 nm closer to the range of the “biological window” in comparison with the nitro-substituted analog.
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7
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Abstract
Abstract
This article furnishes an introduction to one of the most well-known classes of photochromic colorant. While the properties of spiropyran dyes inspired pioneering efforts to exploit photochromism for industrial applications, their lack of robustness held them back from commercialization. Nevertheless, this type of dye remains at the heart of much of the work to develop light-responsive materials upon which many potential applications in different fields of scientific and technological endeavor depend. The article describes the photochromism, synthesis, and applications of spiropyran colorants with an emphasis on the structural subtype that has attracted the greatest scrutiny. It also acts as a springboard to sources of more detail on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Towns
- Arkema UK Ltd , Clifford House, York Road , Wetherby , West Yorkshire LS22 7NS, United Kingdom
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8
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Kaiser C, Halbritter T, Heckel A, Wachtveitl J. Proton-Transfer Dynamics of Photoacidic Merocyanines in Aqueous Solution. Chemistry 2021; 27:9160-9173. [PMID: 33929051 PMCID: PMC8361770 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoacids attract increasing scientific attention, as they are valuable tools to spatiotemporally control proton‐release reactions and pH values of solutions. We present the first time‐resolved spectroscopic study of the excited state and proton‐release dynamics of prominent merocyanine representatives. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements of a pyridine merocyanine with two distinct protonation sites revealed dissimilar proton‐release mechanisms: one site acts as a photoacid generator as its pKa value is modulated in the ground state after photoisomerization, while the other functions as an excited state photoacid which releases its proton within 1.1 ps. With a pKa drop of 8.7 units to −5.5 upon excitation, the latter phenolic site is regarded a super‐photoacid. The 6‐nitro derivative exhibits only a phenolic site with similar, yet slightly less photoacidic characteristics and both compounds transfer their proton to methanol and ethanol. In contrast, for the related 6,8‐dinitro compound an intramolecular proton transfer to the ortho‐nitro group is suggested that is involved in a rapid relaxation into the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kaiser
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, Reykjavik, postcode is missing, Iceland.,Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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9
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Qian H, Purwanto NS, Ivanoff DG, Halmes AJ, Sottos NR, Moore JS. Fast, reversible mechanochromism of regioisomeric oxazine mechanophores: Developing in situ responsive force probes for polymeric materials. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Duan Y, Zhao H, Xiong C, Mao L, Wang D, Zheng Y. Learning from Spiropyrans: How to Make Further Developments of
Donor‐Acceptor
Stenhouse Adducts. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Duan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Jianshe North Road Section 2 No. 4, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong Zongbu Second Road No. 17 Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Haiquan Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Jianshe North Road Section 2 No. 4, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong Zongbu Second Road No. 17 Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Chaoyue Xiong
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Jianshe North Road Section 2 No. 4, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong Zongbu Second Road No. 17 Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Lijun Mao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Jianshe North Road Section 2 No. 4, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong Zongbu Second Road No. 17 Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Jianshe North Road Section 2 No. 4, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong Zongbu Second Road No. 17 Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Jianshe North Road Section 2 No. 4, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong Zongbu Second Road No. 17 Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
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11
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Danowski W, van Leeuwen T, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Photoresponsive porous materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:24-40. [PMID: 36131866 PMCID: PMC9417539 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines, switches, and motors enable control over nanoscale molecular motion with unprecedented precision in artificial systems. Integration of these compounds into robust material scaffolds, in particular nanostructured solids, is a fabrication strategy for smart materials with unique properties that can be controlled with external stimuli. Here, we describe a subclass of these structures, namely light-responsive porous materials metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) appended with molecular photoswitches. In this review, we provide an overview of a broad range of light-responsive porous materials focusing on potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Danowski
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Thomas van Leeuwen
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
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12
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Topbas O, Sariisik AM, Erkan G, Ek O. Photochromic microcapsules by coacervation and in situ polymerization methods for product-marking applications. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Ozhogin IV, Chernyavina VV, Lukyanov BS, Malay VI, Rostovtseva IA, Makarova NI, Tkachev VV, Lukyanova MB, Metelitsa AV, Aldoshin SM. Synthesis and study of new photochromic spiropyrans modified with carboxylic and aldehyde substituents. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Cardano F, Del Canto E, Giordani S. Spiropyrans for light-controlled drug delivery. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15537-15544. [PMID: 31339137 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular assembly of acetylsalicylic acid to a merocyanine-Zn complex translates into a photo-controllable drug delivery system. Herein, we present the synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of a three-component assembly combining a spiropyran derivative, a zinc(ii) cation, and acetylsalicylic acid. The ON/OFF system can be modulated by safe and easily affordable stimuli, for the specific delivery of more than one active compound. Our results confirm the formation of a ternary system in solution, where the behaviour is dominated by photo-induced responses, and pave the way for the use of such smart platforms for medicinal chemistry purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cardano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Nano Carbon Materials, via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy. and University of Genoa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Del Canto
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Chemistry, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Nano Carbon Materials, via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy. and Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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15
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Muramatsu T, Sagara Y, Traeger H, Tamaoki N, Weder C. Mechanoresponsive Behavior of a Polymer-Embedded Red-Light Emitting Rotaxane Mechanophore. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24571-24576. [PMID: 31251579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A red light-emitting photoluminescent supramolecular mechanophore based on an interlocked molecular motif is presented. The rotaxane-based mechanophore contains a cyclic compound featuring a π-extended 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) dye as a red emitter that was threaded onto a dumbbell-shaped molecule containing an electron-poor 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide quencher at its center. Through two aliphatic hydroxyl groups attached to the dumbbell and the cycle, the mechanophore was covalently embedded into the backbone of a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. The mechanophore is only weakly photoluminescent in solution, indicating that the BODIPY's emission is efficiently quenched. Solution-cast films of the rotaxane-containing polymer, by contrast, show an appreciable photoluminescence, which suggests that during film formation, some of the emitting cycles are trapped in positions away from the quencher. Interestingly, the emission intensity could be significantly reduced by swelling the films with an organic solvent and the emission increased again upon drying, suggesting that such solvent plasticization causes a reversible rearrangement. In both dry and solvent-swollen films, uniaxial deformation caused a significant, reversible increase of the emission intensity, on account of mechanically induced shuttling of the emitters away from and back to the quenchers. It is shown that the properties of the polymer can be tuned by the solvent, and that such plasticizing extends the small palette of approaches that allow modification of the activation stress of a given material system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Muramatsu
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0020 , Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Sagara
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0020 , Japan
- JST-PRESTO , Honcho 4-1-8 , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
| | - Hanna Traeger
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , University of Fribourg , Chemin des Verdiers 4 , CH-1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20, W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0020 , Japan
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , University of Fribourg , Chemin des Verdiers 4 , CH-1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
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16
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Gerkman MA, Yuan S, Duan P, Taufan J, Schmidt-Rohr K, Han GGD. Phase transition of spiropyrans: impact of isomerization dynamics at high temperatures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5813-5816. [PMID: 31041949 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02141h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Isomerization behaviors of spiropyran derivatives in neat condensed phase were studied to understand their unusual phase transitions including cold-crystallization after extreme supercooling down to -50 °C. Compounds with different functional groups were compared, and the equilibrium between isomers at high temperatures was found to determine phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael A Gerkman
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
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17
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Chakraborty M, Ahmed T, Dhale RS, Majhi D, Sarkar M. Understanding the Microscopic Behavior of Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquids through Various Spectroscopic Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:12114-12130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
| | - Tasnim Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ranu Satish Dhale
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
| | - Debashis Majhi
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
| | - Moloy Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
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18
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Cao X, Gan W, Shi Y, Xu H, Gao H. Tunable Fluorescence from a Responsive Hyperbranched Polymer with Spatially Arranged Fluorophore Arrays. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3723-3728. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670 (USA)
| | - Weiping Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670 (USA)
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670 (USA)
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670 (USA)
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670 (USA)
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19
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Fleming CL, Li S, Grøtli M, Andréasson J. Shining New Light on the Spiropyran Photoswitch: A Photocage Decides between cis–trans or Spiro-Merocyanine Isomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14069-14072. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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20
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Wang L, Zhou W, Tang Q, Yang H, Zhou Q, Zhang X. Rhodamine-Functionalized Mechanochromic and Mechanofluorescent Hydrogels with Enhanced Mechanoresponsive Sensitivity. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E994. [PMID: 30960921 PMCID: PMC6403975 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart materials responsible to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, solvents, light, redox agents, and mechanical or electric/magnetic field, have drawn considerable attention recently. Herein, we described a novel rhodamine (Rh) mechanophore-based mechanoresponsive micellar hydrogel with excellent mechanochromic and mechanofluorescent properties. We found with astonishment that, due to the favorable activation of rhodamine spirolactam in the presence of water, together with the stress concentration effect, the mechanoresponsive sensitivity of this hydrogel was enhanced significantly. As a result, the stress needed to trigger the mechanochromic property of Rh in the hydrogel was much lower than in its native polymer matrix reported before. The hydrogel based on Rh, therefore, exhibited excellent mechanochromic property even at lower stress. Moreover, due to the reversibility of color on/off, the hydrogel based on Rh could be used as a reusable and erasable material for color printing/writing. Of peculiar importance is that the hydrogel could emit highly bright fluorescence under sufficient stress or strain. This suggested that the stress/strain of hydrogel could be detected quantificationally and effectively by the fluorescence data. We also found that the hydrogel could respond to acid/alkali and exhibited outstanding properties of acidichromism and acidifluorochromism. Up to now, hydrogels with such excellent mechanochromic and mechanofluorescent properties have rarely been reported. Our efforts may be essentially beneficial to the design of the mechanochromic and mechanofluorescent hydrogels with enhanced mechanoresponsive sensitivity, fostering their potential applications in a number of fields such as damage or stress/strain detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Wanfu Zhou
- Oil Production Technology Institute, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing 163453, China.
| | - Quan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Haiyang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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21
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Breslin VM, Barbour NA, Dang DK, Lopez SA, Garcia-Garibay MA. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis of a 6-nitroindolinospiropyran in solution and in nanocrystalline suspension under single excitation conditions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:741-749. [PMID: 29796517 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was used to study the photochemical ring-opening reaction for a 6-nitroindolinospiropyran (SP1) in solution and in nanocrystalline (NC) suspension at 298 K. We measured the kinetics in argon purged and air saturated acetonitrile and found that the presence of oxygen affected two out of the three components of the kinetic decay at 440 nm. These are assigned to the triplet excited states of the Z- and E-merocyanines (3Z-MC* and 3E-MC*). In contrast, a long-lived growth component at 550 nm and the decay of a band centered at 590 nm showed no dependence on oxygen and are assigned, respectively, to the ground state Z- and E-merocyanines (Z-MC0 and E-MC0). Laser flash photolysis studies performed in NC suspensions initially showed a very broad, featureless absorption spectrum that decayed uniformly for ca. 70 ns before revealing a more defined spectrum that persisted for greater than 4 ms and is consistent with a mixture of the more stable Z- and E-MC0 structures. We performed quantum mechanical calculations on the interconversion of E- and Z-MCs on the S0 and S1 potential energy surfaces. The computed UV-vis spectra for a scan along the Z → E interconversion reaction coordinate show substantial absorptivity from 300-600 nm, which suggests that the broad, featureless transient absorption spectrum results from the contribution of the transition structure and other high-energy species during the Z to E isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Breslin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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22
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Synthesis, structure and photochromic properties of novel highly functionalized spiropyrans of 1,3-benzoxazin-4-one series. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Lubbe AS, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Recent developments in reversible photoregulation of oligonucleotide structure and function. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1052-1079. [PMID: 28128377 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00461j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the photoregulation of biological functions, due to the high level of spatiotemporal precision achievable with light. Additionally, light is non-invasive and waste-free. In particular, the photoregulation of oligonucleotide structure and function is a rapidly developing study field with relevance to biological, physical and material sciences. Molecular photoswitches have been incorporated in oligonucleotides for 20 years, and the field has currently grown beyond fundamental studies on photochemistry of the switches and DNA duplex stability, and is moving towards applications in chemical biology, nanotechnology and material science. Moreover, the currently emerging field of photopharmacology indicates the relevance of photocontrol in future medicine. In recent years, a large number of publications has appeared on photoregulation of DNA and RNA structure and function. New strategies are evaluated and novel, exciting applications are shown. In this comprehensive review, the key strategies for photoswitch inclusion in oligonucleotides are presented and illustrated with recent examples. Additionally the applications that have emerged in recent years are discussed, including gene regulation, drug delivery and materials design. Finally, we identify the challenges that the field currently faces and look forward to future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk S Lubbe
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands. and Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Maiuri M, Brazard J. Electronic Couplings in (Bio-) Chemical Processes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Stadler E, Eibel A, Fast D, Freißmuth H, Holly C, Wiech M, Moszner N, Gescheidt G. A versatile method for the determination of photochemical quantum yieldsviaonline UV-Vis spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:660-669. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00401j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On-line UV-Vis monitoring of photochemical reactions driven by LEDs allows the straightforward determination of quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Stadler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - David Fast
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Hilde Freißmuth
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Christian Holly
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Mathias Wiech
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | | | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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26
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Ozhogin IV, Tkachev VV, Lukyanov BS, Shilov GV, Mukhanov EL, Vasilyuk GT, Aldoshin SM, Minkin VI. New polyfunctional spiropyran of 1,3-benzoxazin-4-one series with carbonyl-containing substituents in the [2H]-chromene moiety. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500817110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Kaiser C, Halbritter T, Heckel A, Wachtveitl J. Thermal, Photochromic and Dynamic Properties of Water-Soluble Spiropyrans. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kaiser
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laure-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laure-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laure-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laure-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
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28
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Wang T, Zhang N, Dai J, Li Z, Bai W, Bai R. Novel Reversible Mechanochromic Elastomer with High Sensitivity: Bond Scission and Bending-Induced Multicolor Switching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11874-11881. [PMID: 28290662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the rational designed mechanochromic polymer (MCP) materials have evoked major interest and experienced significant progress recently, it is still a great challenge to develop a facile and effective strategy for preparation of reversible broad-spectrum MCPs with a combination of wide-range color switch ability and high sensitivity, which thus make it possible to mimic gorgeous color change as in nature. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel rhodamine-based mechanochromic elastomer. Our results demonstrated that the elastomer exhibited very promising and unique properties. Three primary fluorescence colors were presented during continuous uniaxial extension and relaxing process, and reversible broad-spectrum fluorescence color change could be achieved consequently. The fluorescence quantum yield of the opened zwitterion of this new mechanophore was as high as 0.67. In addition, the elastomer showed very high sensitivity to stress with a detectable activation strain of ∼0.24, which was much smaller than those reported in the previous literature reports. Meantime, the easy-to-obtain material, facile preparation, and good mechanical property also made it suitable for potential practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zili Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 300 Massachusetts Avenue, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ruke Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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29
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Lin L, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Guo Y, Liu M. Two-Photon-Induced Isomerization of Spiropyran/Merocyanine at the Air/Water Interface Probed by Second Harmonic Generation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7859-7864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P. R. China
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30
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Göstl R, Sijbesma RP. π-extended anthracenes as sensitive probes for mechanical stress. Chem Sci 2016; 7:370-375. [PMID: 28791098 PMCID: PMC5518546 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart molecular systems having the ability to report on mechanical strain or failure in polymers via alteration of their optical properties are of great interest in materials science. However, only limited attention has been devoted to targeted chromophore engineering to fine-tune their physicochemical properties. Here, we describe the synthesis of π-extended anthracenes that can be released from their respective maleimide Diels-Alder adducts through the application of mechanical stress in solution and in the solid state. We demonstrate the improvement of fluorescence quantum yield as well as the tuning of excitation and emission wavelengths while retaining their excellent mechanochemical properties laying the foundation for a new series of mechanophores whose spectral characteristics can be modularly adjusted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Göstl
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513 , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands . ;
| | - R P Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513 , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands . ;
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31
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Nuernberger P, Ruetzel S, Brixner T. Multidimensionale elektronische Spektroskopie photochemischer Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Nuernberger P, Ruetzel S, Brixner T. Multidimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of Photochemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11368-86. [PMID: 26382095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Coherent multidimensional electronic spectroscopy can be employed to unravel various channels in molecular chemical reactions. This approach is thus not limited to analysis of energy transfer or charge transfer (i.e. processes from photophysics), but can also be employed in situations where the investigated system undergoes permanent structural changes (i.e. in photochemistry). Photochemical model reactions are discussed by using the example of merocyanine/spiropyran-based molecular switches, which show a rich variety of reaction channels, in particular ring opening and ring closing, cis-trans isomerization, coherent vibrational wave-packet motion, radical ion formation, and population relaxation. Using pump-probe, pump-repump-probe, coherent two-dimensional and three-dimensional, triggered-exchange 2D, and quantum-control spectroscopy, we gain intuitive pictures on which product emerges from which reactant and which reactive molecular modes are associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nuernberger
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Stefan Ruetzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany).
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33
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Bregnhøj M, Pimenta FM, Poronik YM, Gryko DT, Ogilby PR. Subtle structural changes in octupolar merocyanine dyes influence the photosensitized production of singlet oxygen. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1138-46. [PMID: 25940688 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00080g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of two indoline-based octupolar merocyanine dyes and of the corresponding quinoline-based dyes were examined. This seemingly subtle structural change in the chromophore of these molecules has an appreciable effect on the yields with which these respective compounds sensitize the production of singlet molecular oxygen, O2(a(1)Δg). The indoline-based dyes are reasonably efficient O2(a(1)Δg) sensitizers (ϕΔ ∼ 0.35), whereas the quinoline-based dyes are poor O2(a(1)Δg) sensitizers (ϕΔ ∼ 0.005). A series of experiments, including Laser-Induced Optoacoustic Calorimetric (LIOAC) measurements, reveal that this difference principally reflects the fact that the excited singlet state of the quinoline-based dyes rapidly and efficiently decays via nonradiative channels to regenerate the ground state molecule. It is likely that a charge-transfer state mediates this efficient coupling between the excited and ground states. Such subtle, structure-dependent effects are important in elucidating and ultimately understanding phenomena that influence the efficiency of photosensitized O2(a(1)Δg) production. In turn, the knowledge gained facilitates the rational design and preparation of O2(a(1)Δg) sensitizers with explicitly controlled properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 Denmark.
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34
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Ruetzel S, Diekmann M, Nuernberger P, Walter C, Engels B, Brixner T. Photoisomerization among ring-open merocyanines. I. Reaction dynamics and wave-packet oscillations induced by tunable femtosecond pulses. J Chem Phys 2015; 140:224310. [PMID: 24929391 DOI: 10.1063/1.4881258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon ultraviolet excitation, photochromic spiropyran compounds can be converted by a ring-opening reaction into merocyanine molecules, which in turn can form several isomers differing by cis and trans configurations in the methine bridge. Whereas the spiropyran-merocyanine conversion reaction of the nitro-substituted indolinobenzopyran 6-nitro-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indoline] (6-nitro BIPS) has been studied extensively in theory and experiments, little is known about photoisomerization among the merocyanine isomers. In this article, we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with variable excitation wavelengths to investigate the excited-state dynamics of the merocyanine in acetonitrile at room temperature, where exclusively the trans-trans-cis (TTC) and trans-trans-trans (TTT) isomers contribute. No photochemical ring-closure pathways exist for the two isomers. Instead, we found that (18±4)% of excited TTC isomers undergo an ultrafast excited-state cis→trans photoisomerization to TTT within 200 fs, while the excited-state lifetime of TTC molecules that do not isomerize is 35 ps. No photoisomerization was detected for the TTT isomer, which relaxes to the ground state with a lifetime of roughly 160 ps. Moreover, signal oscillations at 170 cm(-1) and 360 cm(-1) were observed, which can be ascribed to excited-state wave-packet dynamics occurring in the course of the TTC→TTT isomerization. The results of high-level time-dependent density functional theory in conjunction with polarizable continuum models are presented in the subsequent article [C. Walter, S. Ruetzel, M. Diekmann, P. Nuernberger, T. Brixner, and B. Engels, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 224311 (2014)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ruetzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meike Diekmann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christof Walter
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Hur DY, Shin EJ. Solvatochromic and Photochromic Behavior of Spiropyran-cored PAMAM Dendron and Cu2+-Selective Sensing. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Hur
- Department of Chemistry; Sunchon National University; Suncheon Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
| | - Eun Ju Shin
- Department of Chemistry; Sunchon National University; Suncheon Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
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36
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang G, Zhang M, Guan H. High stability of photoinduced merocyanine in naphthopyran-doped polyvinylpyrrolidone electrospun nanofibers. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 PR China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 PR China
| | - Guang Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 PR China
| | - Meiduo Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 PR China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 PR China
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37
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Abstract
Coherent multidimensional electronic spectroscopy is commonly used to investigate photophysical phenomena such as light harvesting in photosynthesis in which the system returns back to its ground state after energy transfer. By contrast, we introduce multidimensional spectroscopy to study ultrafast photochemical processes in which the investigated molecule changes permanently. Exemplarily, the emergence in 2D and 3D spectra of a cross-peak between reactant and product reveals the cis-trans photoisomerization of merocyanine isomers. These compounds have applications in organic photovoltaics and optical data storage. Cross-peak oscillations originate from a vibrational wave packet in the electronically excited state of the photoproduct. This concept isolates the isomerization dynamics along different vibrational coordinates assigned by quantum-chemical calculations, and is applicable to determine chemical dynamics in complex photoreactive networks.
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38
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Sugahara A, Tanaka N, Okazawa A, Matsushita N, Kojima N. Photochromic Property of Anionic Spiropyran with Sulfonate-substituted Indoline Moiety. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sugahara
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naru Tanaka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Nobuyuki Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University
- Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University
| | - Norimichi Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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39
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Hur DY, Park TJ, Shin EJ. Synthesis and solvent-dependent photochromic reactions of porphyrin-spiropyran hybrid compounds. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 117:541-547. [PMID: 24036185 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin(Por)-spiropyran(SP) hybrid compounds, including Por-SP dyad, Por-SP2 triad, and Por-SP4 pentad, were prepared and characterized by (1)H NMR, MALDI-TOF MS and UV-Vis spectroscopies. Upon 350 nm UV irradiation of Por-SPn (n=1, 2, 4) in dichloromethane, unusual red-shifted absorption spectra were observed with the colour change from pink into green. Probably due to the protonation of core nitrogens in porphyrin ring, their absorption maxima in dichloromethane were shifted from 418 (Soret band), 515, 550, 590, 645 (four Q bands) nm into 450 and 665 nm. Also, fluorescence maxima were also shifted from 650 and 715 nm to 692 nm. In the other hands, upon irradiation with 350nm UV light in THF, the colour changed from pink into violet and absorption band at 590 nm increased and the fluorescence spectra showed the decrease of 650 and 715 nm bands and increase of 600-640 nm band, due to the normal ring-opening reaction of spiropyran moiety into merocyanine. In the dark, original absorption and fluorescence spectra were recovered very slowly in dichloromethane, but quickly in THF. The reversible photochromic reactions of Por-SPn (n=1, 2, 4) in dichloromethane and THF were investigated by observing absorption and fluorescence spectral changes during UV irradiation or standing in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Hur
- Department of Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-950, Republic of Korea
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40
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Thermal racemization of spiropyrans: implication of substituent and solvent effects revealed by computational study. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Synthesis of 1′,3,3′,4-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-2,2′-indoles] as a new class of ultrafast light-driven molecular switch. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Renkecz T, Mistlberger G, Pawlak M, Horváth V, Bakker E. Molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres containing photoswitchable spiropyran-based binding sites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:8537-8545. [PMID: 23961698 PMCID: PMC3772862 DOI: 10.1021/am401958e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A versatile approach for the preparation of photoswitchable molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is proposed where the selective recognition and the photoresponsive function are assumed by two different monomers. As a proof of concept, MIP microspheres were synthesized by precipitation polymerization for recognizing terbutylazine, a triazine-type herbicide. Formation of the selective binding sites was based upon H-bonding interactions between the template and the functional monomer methacrylic acid, whereas a polymerizable spiropyran unit was incorporated into the polymer matrix to provide light-controllable characteristics. A trifunctional monomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, was used as a cross-linker. The imprinted particles exhibited considerable morphological differences compared to their nonimprinted counterparts as observed by scanning electron microscopy. The imprinting effect was confirmed by equilibrium rebinding studies. The photoresponsiveness of the polymer particles was visualized by fluorescence microscopy and further characterized by spectroscopy. The template binding behavior could be regulated by alternating UV and visible light illumination when analyte release and uptake was observed, respectively. Binding isotherms fitted by the Freundlich model revealed the photomodulation of the number of binding sites and their average affinity. This facile synthetic approach may give an attractive starting point to endow currently existing highly selective MIPs with photoswitchable properties, thereby extending the scope of spiropyran-based photoresponsive smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Renkecz
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai E.-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Günter Mistlberger
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai E.-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Pawlak
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai E.-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Viola Horváth
- MTA-BME Research Group of Technical
Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences−Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért
tér 4., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai E.-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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43
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Szymański W, Beierle JM, Kistemaker HAV, Velema WA, Feringa BL. Reversible Photocontrol of Biological Systems by the Incorporation of Molecular Photoswitches. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6114-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 847] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Szymański
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - John M. Beierle
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Hans A. V. Kistemaker
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Velema
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute
for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The
Netherlands
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44
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Ivashenko O, van Herpt JT, Feringa BL, Rudolf P, Browne WR. UV/vis and NIR light-responsive spiropyran self-assembled monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4290-4297. [PMID: 23461631 DOI: 10.1021/la400192c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of a 6-nitro BIPS spiropyran (SP) modified with a disulfide-terminated aliphatic chain were prepared on polycrystalline gold surfaces and characterized by UV/vis absorption, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS). The SAMs obtained are composed of the ring-closed form (i.e., spiropyran) only. Irradiation with UV light results in conversion of the monolayer to the merocyanine form (MC), manifested in the appearance of an N(+) contribution in the N 1s region of the XPS spectrum of the SAMs, the characteristic absorption band of the MC form in the visible region at 555 nm, and the C-O stretching band in the SERS spectrum. Recovery of the initial state of the monolayer was observed both thermally and after irradiation with visible light. Several switching cycles were performed and monitored by SERS spectroscopy, demonstrating the stability of the SAMs during repeated switching between SP and MC states. A key finding in the present study is that ring-opening of the surface-immobilized spiropyrans can be induced by irradiation with continuous wave NIR (785 nm) light as well as by irradiation with UV light. We demonstrate that ring-opening by irradiation at 785 nm proceeds by a two-photon absorption pathway both in the SAMs and in the solid state. Hence, spiropyran SAMs on gold can undergo reversible photochemical switching from the SP to the MC form with both UV and NIR and the reverse reaction induced by irradiation with visible light or heating. Furthermore, the observation of NIR-induced switching with a continuous wave source holds important consequences in the study of photochromic switches on surfaces using SERS and emphasizes the importance of the use of multiple complementary techniques in characterizing photoresponsive SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Ivashenko
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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45
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Li H, Ding J, Chen S, Beyer C, Liu SX, Wagenknecht HA, Hauser A, Decurtins S. Synthesis and Redox and Photophysical Properties of Benzodifuran-Spiropyran Ensembles. Chemistry 2013; 19:6459-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Miskolczy Z, Biczók L. Photochromism of a Merocyanine Dye Bound to Sulfonatocalixarenes: Effect of pH and the Size of Macrocycle on the Kinetics. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:648-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310167j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Miskolczy
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Biczók
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
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47
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Bonefacino J, Tse MLV, Pun CFJ, Cheng X, Chan WKE, Boersma A, Tam HY. Characterization of Spirooxazine and Spiropyran Hosted in Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) for Germicidal UV Source Indicator Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/opj.2013.37a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Smolentsev AB, Glebov EM, Korolev VV, Paramonov SV, Fedorova OA. Fluorescent properties of an azacrown-containing styryl derivative of naphthopyran: ion-binding response and photochemical switching off. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:1803-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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49
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Balasubramanian G, Schulte J, Müller-Plathe F, Böhm MC. Structural and thermochemical properties of a photoresponsive spiropyran and merocyanine pair: Basis set and solvent dependence in density functional predictions. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Kohl-Landgraf J, Braun M, Özçoban C, Gonçalves DPN, Heckel A, Wachtveitl J. Ultrafast Dynamics of a Spiropyran in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14070-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja304395k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kohl-Landgraf
- Institute for Physical und Theoretical
Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt,
Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Markus Braun
- Institute for Physical und Theoretical
Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt,
Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Cem Özçoban
- Institute for Organic Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences,
Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - Diana P. N. Gonçalves
- Institute for Organic Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences,
Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences,
Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical und Theoretical
Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt,
Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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