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Zhang W, Lucier BEG, Terskikh VV, Chen S, Huang Y. Understanding Cu(i) local environments in MOFs via63/65Cu NMR spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6690-6706. [PMID: 38725502 PMCID: PMC11077522 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00782d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) includes a vast number of hybrid organic and inorganic porous materials with wide-ranging applications. In particular, the Cu(i) ion exhibits rich coordination chemistry in MOFs and can exist in two-, three-, and four-coordinate environments, which gives rise to many structural motifs and potential applications. Direct characterization of the structurally and chemically important Cu(i) local environments is essential for understanding the sources of specific MOF properties. For the first time, 63/65Cu solid-state NMR has been used to investigate a variety of Cu(i) sites and local coordination geometries in Cu MOFs. This approach is a sensitive probe of the local Cu environment, particularly when combined with density functional theory calculations. A wide range of structurally-dependent 63/65Cu NMR parameters have been observed, including 65Cu quadrupolar coupling constants ranging from 18.8 to 74.8 MHz. Using the data from this and prior studies, a correlation between Cu quadrupolar coupling constants, Cu coordination number, and local Cu coordination geometry has been established. Links between DFT-calculated and experimental Cu NMR parameters are also presented. Several case studies illustrate the feasibility of 63/65Cu NMR for investigating and resolving inequivalent Cu sites, monitoring MOF phase changes, interrogating the Cu oxidation number, and characterizing the product of a MOF chemical reaction involving Cu(ii) reduction to Cu(i). A convenient avenue to acquire accurate 65Cu NMR spectra and NMR parameters from Cu(i) MOFs at a widely accessible magnetic field of 9.4 T is described, with a demonstrated practical application for tracking Cu(i) coordination evolution during MOF anion exchange. This work showcases the power of 63/65Cu solid-state NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations for molecular-level characterization of Cu(i) centers in MOFs, along with the potential of this protocol for investigating a wide variety of MOF structural changes and processes important for practical applications. This approach has broad applications for examining Cu(i) centers in other weight-dilute systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Bryan E G Lucier
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Victor V Terskikh
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Shoushun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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Bhattacharya A, Mishra V, Tkachuk DG, Mar A, Michaelis VK. Mercurial possibilities: determining site distributions in Cu 2HgSnS 4 using 63/65Cu, 119Sn, and 199Hg solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24306-24316. [PMID: 36172896 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chalcogenides are an important class of materials that exhibit tailorable optoelectronic properties accessible through chemical modification. For example, the minerals kesterite, stannite, and velikite (Cu2MSnS4, where M = Zn, Cd, or Hg, respectively) are a series of Group 12 transition metal tin sulfides that readily exhibit optical bandgaps spanning the Shockley-Queisser limit; however, achieving consensus on their structure (space group I4̄ vs. I4̄2m) has been difficult. This study explores the average long-range and local structure of Cu2HgSnS4 and evaluates the parallels of M = Zn and Cd sister compounds using complementary X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The 63/65Cu NMR spectra were acquired at multiple magnetic field strengths (B0 = 7.05, 11.75, and 21.1 T) to assess the unique chemical shift anisotropy and quadrupolar coupling contributions. They reveal two inequivalent sets of Cu sites in Cu2ZnSnS4, in contrast to only one set of sites in Cu2CdSnS4 and Cu2HgSnS4, clarifying structural assignments previously proposed through X-ray diffraction methods. The presence of these Cu sites was further supported by DFT calculations. The 119Sn and 199Hg NMR spectra suggest that an ordering phenomenon takes place in Cu2HgSnS4 when it undergoes annealing treatments. The trend in measured optical band gaps (1.5 eV for Cu2ZnSnS4, 1.2 eV for Cu2CdSnS4, and 0.9 eV for Cu2HgSnS4) was confirmed by electronic structure calculations, which show that the band gap narrows as the difference in electronegativity is diminished and that Hg-S bonds in Cu2HgSnS4 have greater covalent character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Vidyanshu Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Dylan G Tkachuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Arthur Mar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Goldbourt A. Distance measurements to quadrupolar nuclei: Evolution of the rotational echo double resonance technique. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:908-919. [PMID: 33729630 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular structure determination is the basis for understanding chemical processes and the property of materials. The direct dependence of the magnetic dipolar interaction on the distance makes solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) an excellent tool to study molecular structure when X-ray crystallography fails to provide atomic-resolution data. Although techniques to measure distances between pairs of isolated nuclear spin-1/2 pairs are routine and easy to implement using the rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiment (Gullion & Schaefer, 1989), the existence of a nucleus with a spin > 1/2, appearing in approximately 75% of the elements in the periodic table, poses a challenge due to difficulties stemming from the large nuclear quadrupolar coupling constant (QCC). This mini-review presents the existing solid-state magic-angle spinning NMR techniques aimed toward the efficient and accurate determination of internuclear distances between a spin-1/2 and a "quadrupolar" nucleus having a spin larger than one half. Analytical expressions are provided for the various recoupling curves stemming from different techniques, and a coherent nomenclature for these various techniques is suggested. Treatment of some special cases such as multiple spin effects and spins with close Larmor frequencies is also discussed. The most advanced methods can recouple spins with quadrupolar frequencies up to tens of megahertz and beyond, expanding the distance measurement capabilities of solid-state NMR to an increasingly growing number of applications and nuclear spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Drake IJ, Zhang Y, Gilles MK, Teris Liu CN, Nachimuthu P, Perera RCC, Wakita H, Bell AT. An In Situ Al K-Edge XAS Investigation of the Local Environment of H+- and Cu+-Exchanged USY and ZSM-5 Zeolites. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:11665-76. [PMID: 16800461 DOI: 10.1021/jp058244z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum coordination in the framework of USY and ZSM-5 zeolites containing charge-compensating cations (NH4+, H+, or Cu+) was investigated by Al K-edge EXAFS and XANES. This work was performed using a newly developed in-situ cell designed especially for acquiring soft X-ray absorption data. Both tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated Al were observed for hydrated H-USY and H-ZSM-5, in good agreement with 27Al NMR analyses. Upon dehydration, water desorbed from the zeolite, and octahedrally coordinated Al was converted progressively to tetrahedrally coordinated Al. These observations confirmed the hypothesis that the interaction of water with Brønsted acid protons can lead to octahedral coordination of Al without loss of Al from the zeolite lattice. When H+ is replaced with NH4+ or Cu+, charge compensating species that absorb less water, less octahedrally coordinated Al was observed. Analysis of Al K-edge EXAFS data indicates that the Al-O bond distance for tetrahedrally coordinated Al in dehydrated USY and ZSM-5 is 1.67 angstroms. Simulation of k3chi(k) for Cu+ exchanged ZSM-5 leads to an estimated distance between Cu+ and framework Al atoms of 2.79 angstroms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Drake
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, USA
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Guzman J, Anderson BG, Vinod CP, Ramesh K, Niemantsverdriet JW, Gates BC. Synthesis and reactivity of dimethyl gold complexes supported on MgO: characterization by infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:3675-3683. [PMID: 15807620 DOI: 10.1021/la0470434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl gold complexes bonded to partially dehydroxylated MgO powder calcined at 673 K were synthesized by adsorption of Au(CH3)2(acac) (acac is C5H7O2) from n-pentane solution. The synthesis and subsequent decomposition of the complexes by treatment in He or H2 were characterized with diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (DRIFT), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies. The XANES results identify Au(III) in the supported complexes, and the EXAFS and DRIFTS data indicate mononuclear dimethyl gold complexes as the predominant surface gold species, consistent with the lack of Au-Au contributions in the EXAFS spectrum and the presence of nu(as)(CH3) and nu(s)(CH3) bands in the IR spectrum. EXAFS data show that each complex is bonded to two oxygen atoms of the MgO surface at an Au-O distance of 2.16 angstroms. The DRIFT spectra show that reaction of Au(CH3)2(acac) with MgO at room temperature also formed Mg(acac)2 and H(acac) species on the support. Treatment of the dimethyl gold complexes in He or H2 at increasing temperatures varying from 373 to 573 K removed CH3 ligands and caused aggregation forming zerovalent gold nanoclusters of increasing size, ultimately with an average diameter of about 30 angstroms. Analysis of the gas-phase products during the genesis of the gold clusters indicated formation of CH4 (consistent with removal of CH3 groups) and CO2 at 473-573 K, associated with decomposition of the organic ligands derived from acac species. O2 and CO2 were also formed in the decomposition of ubiquitous carbonates present on the surface of the MgO support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Guzman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Identification of tetrahedrally ordered Si–O–Al environments in molecular sieves by {27Al}–29Si REAPDOR NMR. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Carl PJ, Vaughan DEW, Goldfarb D. Interactions of Cu(II) Ions with Framework Al in High Si:Al Zeolite Y as Determined from X- and W-Band Pulsed EPR/ENDOR Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0145659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Carl
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100, and Material Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - David E. W. Vaughan
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100, and Material Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniella Goldfarb
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100, and Material Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
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Delabie A, Pierloot K, Groothaert M, Schoonheydt R, Vanquickenborne L. The Coordination of CuII in Zeolites − Structure and Spectroscopic Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(200203)2002:3<515::aid-ejic515>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ueda T, Tatsumi T, Eguchi T, Nakamura N. Structure and Properties of Acidic Protons in Anhydrous Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid, H3PW12O40, As Studied by Solid-State 1H, 2H NMR, and 1H−31P Sedor NMR. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003439m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomomasa Tatsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Taro Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Niessen HG, Van Buskirk M, Dybowski C, Corbin DR, Reimer JA, Bell AT. Solid-State NMR Studies of Lead-Containing Zeolites. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003418s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko G. Niessen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 201 Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
| | - Michelle Van Buskirk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 201 Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
| | - Cecil Dybowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 201 Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
| | - David R. Corbin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 201 Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 201 Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 201 Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1462
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Rodriguez-Santiago L, Sierka M, Branchadell V, Sodupe M, Sauer J. Coordination of Cu+ Ions to Zeolite Frameworks Strongly Enhances Their Ability To Bind NO2. An ab Initio Density Functional Study. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973196k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodriguez-Santiago
- Contribution from the Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Arbeitsgruppe Quantenchemie an der Humboldt-Universität, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marek Sierka
- Contribution from the Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Arbeitsgruppe Quantenchemie an der Humboldt-Universität, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Contribution from the Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Arbeitsgruppe Quantenchemie an der Humboldt-Universität, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariona Sodupe
- Contribution from the Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Arbeitsgruppe Quantenchemie an der Humboldt-Universität, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Contribution from the Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Arbeitsgruppe Quantenchemie an der Humboldt-Universität, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Experimental and theoretical studies of NO decomposition and reduction over metal-exchanged ZSM-5. Catal Today 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(97)00059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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