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Chlorine Dioxide: Friend or Foe for Cell Biomolecules? A Chemical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415660. [PMID: 36555303 PMCID: PMC9779649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on inorganic compounds and cell biomolecules. As a disinfectant also present in drinking water, ClO2 helps to destroy bacteria, viruses, and some parasites. The Environmental Protection Agency EPA regulates the maximum concentration of chlorine dioxide in drinking water to be no more than 0.8 ppm. In any case, human consumption must be strictly regulated since, given its highly reactive nature, it can react with and oxidize many of the inorganic compounds found in natural waters. Simultaneously, chlorine dioxide reacts with natural organic matter in water, including humic and fulvic acids, forming oxidized organic compounds such as aldehydes and carboxylic acids, and rapidly oxidizes phenolic compounds, amines, amino acids, peptides, and proteins, as well as the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH, responsible for electron and proton exchange and energy production in all cells. The influence of ClO2 on biomolecules is derived from its interference with redox processes, modifying the electrochemical balances in mitochondrial and cell membranes. This discourages its use on an individual basis and without specialized monitoring by health professionals.
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Chuang YH, Wu KL, Lin WC, Shi HJ. Photolysis of Chlorine Dioxide under UVA Irradiation: Radical Formation, Application in Treating Micropollutants, Formation of Disinfection Byproducts, and Toxicity under Scenarios Relevant to Potable Reuse and Drinking Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2593-2604. [PMID: 35025487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of potable reuse water utilities and drinking water utilities from a low-pressure UV/H2O2 (LPUV/H2O2) advanced oxidation process (AOP) to alternative AOPs in which oxidants can effectively absorb photons and rapidly generate radicals has attracted great interest. Herein, we propose a novel UVA/ClO2 AOP for different water treatment scenarios because of reduced photon absorption by the background matrix and high molar absorptivity for ClO2 at UVA wavelengths. While the photolysis of ClO2 produces •Cl + O2 or •ClO + O(3P) via distinct product channels, we determined the parameters needed to accurately model the loss of oxidants and the formation of byproducts and combined a kinetic model with experimental data to determine quantum yields (Φ). Modeling incorporating the optimized Φ simultaneously predicted oxidant loss and the formation of major products -HOCl, Cl-, and ClO3-. We also systematically investigated the removal of three contaminants exhibiting different radical reactivities, the formation of 35 regulated and unregulated halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs), DBP-associated toxicity, and N-acetylcysteine thiol reactivity in synthetic or authentic RO permeates/surface waters treated by different AOPs. The kinetic model developed in this study was used to optimize operating conditions to control undesired products and improve contaminant removal efficiency. The results indicate that UVA/ClO2 can outperform LPUV/H2O2 in terms of electrical energy per order of contaminant degradation, disinfection byproduct formation, and toxicity indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsueh Chuang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Wu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jia Shi
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
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3
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Kong Q, Fan M, Yin R, Zhang X, Lei Y, Shang C, Yang X. Micropollutant abatement and byproduct formation during the co-exposure of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) and UVC radiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126424. [PMID: 34174627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis of ClO2 by UVC radiation occurs in several drinking water treatment scenarios (e.g., pre-oxidation by ClO2 with post-UVC disinfection or a multi-barrier disinfection system comprising ClO2 and UVC disinfection in sequence). However, whether micropollutants are degraded and undesired byproducts are formed during the co-exposure of ClO2 and UVC radiation remain unclear. This study demonstrated that four micropollutants (trimethoprim, iopromide, caffeine, and ciprofloxacin) were degraded by 14.4-100.0% during the co-exposure of ClO2 and UVC radiation in the synthetic drinking water under the environmentally relevant conditions (UV dose of 207 mJ cm-2, ClO2 dose of 1.35 mg L-1, and pH of 7.0). Trimethoprim and iopromide were predominantly degraded by ClO2 oxidation and direct UVC photolysis, respectively. Caffeine and ciprofloxacin were predominantly degraded by the radicals (HO• and Cl•) and the in-situ formed free chlorine from ClO2 photolysis, respectively. The yields of total organic chlorine (12.5 µg L-1 from 1.0 mg C L-1 of NOM) and chlorate (0.14 mg L-1 From 1.35 mg L-1 of ClO2) during the co-exposure were low. However, the yield of chlorite was high (0.76 mg L-1 from 1.35 mg L-1 of ClO2), which requires attention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mengge Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Champ TB, Jang JH, Lee JL, Wu G, Reynolds MA, Abu-Omar MM. Lignin-Derived Non-Heme Iron and Manganese Complexes: Catalysts for the On-Demand Production of Chlorine Dioxide in Water under Mild Conditions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2905-2913. [PMID: 33544576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A lignin-derived ligand, bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-propylbenzyl)glycine (DHEG), was synthesized from 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol (dihydroeugenol (DHE)) and the amino acid glycine. Two mononuclear iron and manganese complexes of DHEG were prepared, characterized, and employed for the oxidation of chlorite to chlorine dioxide in aqueous solution. Peroxyacetic acid (PAA) was used as a "green" oxidant in the redox reactions to initiate the formation of high-valent Fe and Mn (IV)-OH intermediates. EPR studies verified the formation of a high-valent MnIV species. Both Fe and Mn complexes catalyzed chlorite oxidation with bimolecular rate constants of 32 and 144 M-1 s-1, respectively, at pH 4.0 and 25 °C. The Mn complex was found to be more efficient for chlorite oxidation with a turnover frequency of 17 h-1 and remained active during subsequent additions of PAA. The rate of ClO2 decomposition with PAA/Mn-DHEG was first order in PAA and increased significantly as pH increased. A mechanism that accounts for all observations is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebeh B Champ
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jun H Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Justin L Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael A Reynolds
- Shell Exploration and Production Company (SEPCO), Houston, Texas 77079, United States
| | - Mahdi M Abu-Omar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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5
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Benjamin I. Chemical Reaction Dynamics at Liquid Interfaces: A Computational Approach. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967402103165360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies of liquid interfaces provide remarkable evidence for the unique properties of these systems. In this review we examine how these properties affect the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions which take place at the liquid/vapor interface and at the liquid/liquid interface. We demonstrate how the rapidly varying density and viscosity, the marked changes in polarity and the surface roughness manifest themselves in isomerization, electron transfer and photodissociation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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Minella M, Baudino M, Minero C. A revised photocatalytic transformation mechanism for chlorinated VOCs: Experimental evidence from C2Cl4 in the gas phase. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom;
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8
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Harris SJ, Murdock D, Zhang Y, Oliver TAA, Grubb MP, Orr-Ewing AJ, Greetham GM, Clark IP, Towrie M, Bradforth SE, Ashfold MNR. Comparing molecular photofragmentation dynamics in the gas and liquid phases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6567-82. [PMID: 23552482 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50756d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article explores the extent to which insights gleaned from detailed studies of molecular photodissociations in the gas phase (i.e. under isolated molecule conditions) can inform our understanding of the corresponding photofragmentation processes in solution. Systems selected for comparison include a thiophenol (p-methylthiophenol), a thioanisole (p-methylthioanisole) and phenol, in vacuum and in cyclohexane solution. UV excitation in the gas phase results in RX-Y (X = O, S; Y = H, CH3) bond fission in all cases, but over timescales that vary by ~4 orders of magnitude - all of which behaviours can be rationalised on the basis of the relevant bound and dissociative excited state potential energy surfaces (PESs) accessed by UV photoexcitation, and of the conical intersections that facilitate radiationless transfer between these PESs. Time-resolved UV pump-broadband UV/visible probe and/or UV pump-broadband IR probe studies of the corresponding systems in cyclohexane solution reveal additional processes that are unique to the condensed phase. Thus, for example, the data clearly reveal evidence of (i) vibrational relaxation of the photoexcited molecules prior to their dissociation and of the radical fragments formed upon X-Y bond fission, and (ii) geminate recombination of the RX and Y products (leading to reformation of the ground state parent and/or isomeric adducts). Nonetheless, the data also show that, in each case, the characteristics (and the timescale) of the initial bond fission process that occurs under isolated molecule conditions are barely changed by the presence of a weakly interacting solvent like cyclohexane. These condensed phase studies are then extended to an ether analogue of phenol (allyl phenyl ether), wherein UV photo-induced RO-allyl bond fission constitutes the first step of a photo-Claisen rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Harris
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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Patterson JD, Reid PJ. Time-Resolved Infrared Absorption Studies of the Solvent-Dependent Photochemistry of ClNO. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10437-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211697r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington
98195, United States
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington
98195, United States
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10
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Hayes SC, Wallace PM, Bolinger JC, Reid PJ. Investigating the phase-dependent photochemical reaction dynamics of chlorine dioxide using resonance Raman spectroscopy. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350210156024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Bixby TJ, Bolinger JC, Patterson JD, Reid PJ. Femtosecond pump-probe studies of actinic-wavelength dependence in aqueous chlorine dioxide photochemistry. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:154503. [PMID: 19388755 DOI: 10.1063/1.3116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The actinic or photolysis-wavelength dependence of aqueous chlorine dioxide (OClO) photochemistry is investigated using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Following photoexcitation at 310, 335, and 410 nm the photoinduced evolution in optical density is measured from the UV to the near IR. Analysis of the optical-density evolution illustrates that the quantum yield for atomic chlorine production (Phi(Cl)) increases with actinic energy, with Phi(Cl)=0.16+/-0.02 for 410 nm excitation and increasing to 0.25+/-0.01 and 0.54+/-0.10 for 335 and 310 nm excitations, respectively. Consistent with previous studies, the production of Cl occurs through two channels, with one channel corresponding to prompt (<5 ps) Cl formation and the other corresponding to the thermal decomposition of ClOO formed by OClO photoisomerization. The partitioning between Cl production channels is dependent on actinic energy, with prompt Cl production enhanced with an increase in actinic energy. Limited evidence is found for enhanced ClO production with an increase in actinic energy. Stimulated emission and excited-state absorption features associated with OClO populating the optically prepared (2)A(2) surface decrease with an increase in actinic energy suggesting that the excited-state decay dynamics are also actinic energy dependent. The studies presented here provide detailed information on the actinic-wavelength dependence of OClO photochemistry in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J Bixby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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12
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Bixby TJ, Patterson JD, Reid PJ. Femtosecond TRIR Studies of ClNO Photochemistry in Solution: Evidence for Photoisomerization and Geminate Recombination. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3886-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J. Bixby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Joshua D. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Cooksey CC, Reid PJ. The Phase-dependent Photochemical Reaction Dynamics of Halooxides and Nitrosyl Halides¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Cooksey CC, Johnson KJ, Reid PJ. Femtosecond Pump−Probe Studies of Nitrosyl Chloride Photochemistry in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8613-22. [PMID: 16836421 DOI: 10.1021/jp062069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a femtosecond pump-probe study of the primary events of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) photochemistry in solution. Following 266 nm photolysis, the resulting evolution in optical density is measured for ClNO dissolved in acetonitrile, chloroform, and dichloromethane. The results demonstrate that photolysis results in the production of a photoproduct that has an absorption band maximum at 295 nm in acetonitrile and 330 nm in chloroform and dichloromethane. To determine the extent of Cl production, comparative photochemical studies of methyl hypochlorite (MeOCl) and ClNO are performed. Photolysis of MeOCl in solution results in the production of the Cl:solvent charge-transfer complex; therefore, a comparison of the spectral evolution observed following MeOCl and ClNO photolysis under identical photolysis conditions is performed to determine the extent of Cl production following ClNO photolysis. We find that similar to the gas-phase photochemistry, Cl and NO formation is the dominant photochemical channel in acetonitrile. However, the photochemistry in chloroform and dichloromethane is more complex, with a second product formed in addition to Cl and NO. It is proposed that in these solvents photoisomerization also occurs, resulting in the production of ClON. The results presented here represent the first detailed examination of the solution phase photochemistry of ClNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Cooksey
- Box 351700, Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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15
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Bolinger JC, Bixby TJ, Reid PJ. Time-resolved infrared absorption studies of the solvent-dependent vibrational relaxation dynamics of chlorine dioxide. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:084503. [PMID: 16164308 DOI: 10.1063/1.2000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a series of time-resolved infrared absorption studies on chlorine dioxide (OClO) dissolved in H2O, D2O, and acetonitrile. Following the photoexcitation at 401 nm, the evolution in optical density for frequencies corresponding to asymmetric stretch of OClO is measured with a time resolution of 120+/-50 fs. The experimentally determined optical-density evolution is compared with theoretical models of OClO vibrational relaxation derived from collisional models as well as classical molecular-dynamics (MD) studies. The vibrational relaxation rates in D2O are reduced by a factor of 3 relative to H2O consistent with the predictions of MD. This difference reflects modification of the frequency-dependent solvent-solute coupling accompanying isotopic substitution of the solvent. Also, the geminate-recombination quantum yield for the primary photofragments resulting in the reformation of ground-state OClO is reduced in D2O relative to H2O. It is proposed that this reduction reflects enhancement of the dissociation rate accompanying vibrational excitation along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate. In contrast to H2O and D2O, the vibrational-relaxation dynamics in acetonitrile are not well described by the theoretical models. Reproduction of the optical-density evolution in acetonitrile requires significant modification of the frequency-dependent solvent-solute coupling derived from MD. It is proposed that this modification reflects vibrational-energy transfer from the asymmetric stretch of OClO to the methyl rock of acetonitrile. In total, the results presented here provide a detailed description of the solvent-dependent geminate-recombination and vibrational-relaxation dynamics of OClO in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Bolinger
- Box 351700, Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Reduced mechanism for the 366nm chlorine dioxide photodecomposition in N2-saturated aqueous solutions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Bolinger JC, Hayes SC, Reid PJ. Time resolved infrared absorption studies of geminate recombination and vibrational relaxation in OClO photochemistry. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:4795-803. [PMID: 15332913 DOI: 10.1063/1.1778373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast time-resolved infrared absorption studies of aqueous chlorine dioxide (OClO) photochemistry are reported. Following photoexcitation at 401 nm, the evolution in optical density at frequencies between 1000 to 1100 cm(-1) is monitored to investigate vibrational energy deposition and relaxation along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate following the reformation of ground-state OClO via geminate recombination of the primary photofragments. The measured kinetics are compared to two proposed models for the vibrational-relaxation dynamics along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate. This comparison demonstrates that the perturbation model derived from molecular dynamics studies is capable of qualitatively reproducing the observed kinetics, where the collisional model employed in previous UV-pump, visible probe experiments demonstrates poor agreement with experiment. The ability of the perturbation model to reproduce the optical-density evolution observed in these studies demonstrates that for aqueous OClO, frequency dependence of the solvent-solute coupling is important in defining the level-dependent vibrational relaxation rates along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate. The absence of optical-density evolution corresponding to the population of higher vibrational levels (n>8) along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate suggests that following geminate recombination, energy is initially deposited into a local Cl-O stretch, with the relaxation of vibrational energy from this coordinate providing for delayed vibrational excitation of the asymmetric- and symmetric-stretch coordinates relative to geminate recombination, as previously observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Bolinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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18
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Cooksey CC, Reid PJ. The Phase-dependent Photochemical Reaction Dynamics of Halooxides and Nitrosyl Halides¶. Photochem Photobiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2004)080<0386:tpprdo>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Brooksby C, Prezhdo OV, Reid PJ. Molecular dynamics study of the weakly solvent dependent relaxation dynamics following chlorine dioxide photoexcitation. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1614203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Cooksey CC, Reid PJ. Femtosecond Pump−Probe Studies of Dichlorine Monoxide in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030213l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Cooksey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
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21
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Wallace PM, Bolinger JC, Hayes SC, Reid PJ. On the actinic wavelength dependence of OClO photochemistry in solution. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1531613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Poulsen JA, Nyman G, Rossky PJ. A second-order Kubo response theory-centroid approach to vibrational energy relaxation for single-mode excitations. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1522376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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23
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Chorny I, Vieceli J, Benjamin I. Photodissociation and Vibrational Relaxation of OClO at Liquid Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021796m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Chorny
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - John Vieceli
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Ilan Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
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24
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Chorny I, Vieceli J, Benjamin I. Molecular dynamics study of the vibrational relaxation of OClO in bulk liquids. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1471558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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25
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Chorny I, Vieceli J, Benjamin I. Molecular dynamics study of the photodissociation of OClO in bulk liquids. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1471557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Reid PJ. Investigating the Phase-Dependent Reactivity of Chlorine Dioxide Using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013491y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Hayes SC, Thomsen CL, Reid PJ. The production and decay kinetics of ClOO in water and freon-11: A time-resolved resonance raman study. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1418733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Blainey PC, Reid PJ. FTIR studies of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in halogenated ethanols. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2001; 57:2763-2774. [PMID: 11789877 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of halogen substitution on intermolecular hydrogen-bonding in ethanol is studied. Specifically, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of ethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), and 2,2,2-trichloroethanol dissolved in carbon tetrachloride are reported as a function of temperature and concentration. The spectral intensities corresponding to monomer, dimer, and multimer formation are used to determine the effect of halogen substitution on intermolecular hydrogen-bonding. The enthalpy for dimerization was found to evolve from -4.2+/-0.3 kcal/mol in ethanol to -6.8+/-1.0 kcal/mol in TFE. An opposite trend was observed for multimer formation with enthalpies of -3.7+/-0.5 in ethanol and -2.1+/-1.4 kcal/mol in TFE. The majority of this evolution is assigned to the ability of ethanols to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving the hydoxyl proton and the halogen substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Blainey
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle 98195, USA
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Hayes SC, Cooksey CC, Wallace PM, Reid PJ. Femtosecond UV Pump/Near-IR Probe Studies of the Solvent-Dependent Excited-State Decay Dynamics of Chlorine Dioxide. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011831+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Vieceli J, Chorny I, Benjamin I. Photodissociation of ICN at the liquid/vapor interface of chloroform. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1388196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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31
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Reid PJ. Understanding the phase-dependent reactivity of chlorine dioxide using resonance Raman spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2001; 34:691-8. [PMID: 11560468 DOI: 10.1021/ar010064u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Progress in understanding the phase-dependent reactivity of chlorine dioxide (OClO) is outlined. Resonance Raman intensity analysis studies of gaseous and solution-phase OClO are presented which demonstrate that the optically prepared excited state undergoes significant modification in solution. In addition, time-resolved resonance Raman studies are presented which demonstrate that geminate recombination of the primary photoproducts, resulting in the re-formation of ground-state OClO, dominates the photochemical reaction dynamics in solution. The current picture of aqueous OClO photochemistry derived from these studies is discussed, and future directions of investigation are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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Poulsen J, Nymand TM, Keiding SR. Asymmetric stretch vibrational energy relaxation of OClO in liquid water. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Foster CE, Barham BP, Reid PJ. Resonance Raman intensity analysis of chlorine dioxide dissolved in chloroform: The role of nonpolar solvation. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1362297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Fidder H, Tschirschwitz F, Dühr O, Nibbering ETJ. Vibrational mode-specific photochemical reaction dynamics of chlorine dioxide in solution. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1357202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Csordás V, Bubnis B, Fábián I, Gordon G. Kinetics and mechanism of catalytic decomposition and oxidation of chlorine dioxide by the hypochlorite ion. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:1833-6. [PMID: 11312739 DOI: 10.1021/ic001106y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of ClO(2) by OCl(-)is first order with respect to both reactants in the neutral to alkaline pH range: -d[ClO(2)]/dt = 2k(OCl)[ClO(2)][OCl(-)]. The rate constant (T = 298 K, mu = 1.0 M NaClO(4)) and activation parameters are k(OCl) = 0.91 +/- 0.02 M(-1) s(-1), DeltaH = 66.5 +/- 0.9 kJ/mol, and DeltaS(++) = -22.3 +/- 2.9 J/(mol K). In alkaline solution, pH > 9, the primary products of the reaction are the chlorite and chlorate ions and consumption of the hypochlorite ion is not observed. The hypochlorite ion is consumed in increasing amounts, and the production of the chlorite ion ceases when the pH is decreased. The stoichiometry is kinetically controlled, and the reactants/products ratios are determined by the relative rates of the production and consumption of the chlorite ion in the ClO(2)/OCl(-) and HOCl/ClO(2)(-) reactions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Csordás
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O.B. 21, Debrecen H-4010, Hungary
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36
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Philpott MP, Hayes SC, Thomsen CL, Reid PJ. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding in chlorine dioxide photochemistry: A time-resolved resonance Raman study. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(00)00370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Thomsen CL, Reid PJ, Keiding SR. Quantum Yield for ClOO Formation following Photolysis of Aqueous OClO. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja002148o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten L. Thomsen
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Søren R. Keiding
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark, and Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Thomsen CL, Philpott MP, Hayes SC, Reid PJ. The formation of ClOO following the photoexcitation of aqueous OClO studied by two-color, time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Esposito A, Reid P, Rousslang K. A resonance Raman study of Cl2O photochemistry in solution: evidence for ClClO formation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(99)00181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Thomsen CL, Madsen D, Tho/gersen J, Byberg JR, Keiding SR. Femtosecond spectroscopy of the dissociation and geminate recombination of aqueous CS2. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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42
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Hayes SC, Philpott MP, Mayer SG, Reid PJ. A Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Study of Chlorine Dioxide Photochemistry in Water and Acetonitrile. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9914065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Matthew P. Philpott
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Steven G. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Esposito AP, Stedl T, Jónsson H, Reid PJ, Peterson KA. Absorption and Resonance Raman Study of the 2B1(X)−2A2(A) Transition of Chlorine Dioxide in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984368i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P. Esposito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Todd Stedl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630
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Peterson KA. Accurate ab initio near-equilibrium potential energy and dipole moment functions of the X 2B1 and first excited 2A2 electronic states of OClO and OBrO. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Philpott MJ, Hayes SC, Reid PJ. Femtosecond pump–probe studies of chlorine dioxide photochemistry in water and acetonitrile. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(98)00204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Hayes SC, Philpott MJ, Reid PJ. Geminate recombination and vibrational relaxation dynamics of aqueous chlorine dioxide: A time-resolved resonance Raman study. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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47
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Poulsen JA, Thomsen CL, Keiding SR, Tho/gersen J. Vibrational relaxation of ClO2 in water. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Foster CE, Reid PJ. Excited-State Reaction Dynamics of Chlorine Dioxide in Water from Absolute Resonance Raman Intensities. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Foster
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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49
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Thøgersen J, Thomsen CL, Poulsen JA, Keiding SR. Chemical Reactions in Liquids: Photolysis of OClO in Water. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980310s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Thøgersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C. L. Thomsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J. Aa. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S. R. Keiding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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50
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Philpott MJ, Charalambous S, Reid PJ. Comparison of chlorine dioxide photochemistry in acetonitrile and water using subpicosecond pump–probe spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)01164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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