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Dust emission reduction enhanced gas-to-particle conversion of ammonia in the North China Plain. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6887. [PMID: 36371439 PMCID: PMC9653376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium salt is an important component of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and has significant impacts on air quality, climate, and natural ecosystems. However, a fundamental understanding of the conversion kinetics from ammonia to ammonium in unique environments of high aerosol loading is lacking. Here, we report the uptake coefficient of ammonia (γNH3) on ambient PM2.5 varying from 2.2 × 10-4 to 6.0 × 10-4 in the North China Plain. It is significantly lower than those on the model particles under simple conditions reported in the literature. The probability-weighted γNH3 increases obviously, which is well explained by the annual decrease in aerosol pH due to the significant decline in alkali and alkali earth metal contents from the emission source of dust. Our results elaborate on the complex interactions between primary emissions and the secondary formation of aerosols and the important role of dust in atmospheric chemistry.
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2
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Contactless membrane distillation for effective ammonia recovery from waste sludge: A new configuration and mass transfer mechanism. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Wang T, Liu Y, Deng Y, Cheng H, Yang Y, Feng Y, Zhang L, Fu H, Chen J. Photochemical Oxidation of Water-Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) on Mineral Dust and Enhanced Organic Ammonium Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15631-15642. [PMID: 33210909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which is closely related to biogenic emissions, is of great importance in the atmosphere for its ubiquitous existence and rich abundance. Levoglucosan, a typical WSOC, is usually considered to be stable and thus used as a tracer of biomass burning. However, we found that levoglucosan can be photo-oxidized on mineral dust, with formic acid, oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, 2,3-dioxopropanoic acid, dicarbonic acid, performic acid, mesoxalaldehyde, 2-hydroxymalonaldehyde, carbonic formic anhydride, and 1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione detected as main products. Further, we observed the heterogeneous uptake of NH3 promoted by the carboxylic acids stemming from the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of levoglucosan. The mineral-dust-initiated PCO of levoglucosan and enhanced heterogeneous uptake of NH3, which are highly influenced by irradiation and moisture conditions, were for the first time revealed. The reaction mechanisms and pathways were studied in detail by diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-ToF-MS) and flow reactor systems. Diverse WSOC constituents were studied as well, and the reactivity toward NH3 is related to the number of hydroxyl groups of the WSOC molecules. This work reveals a new precursor of secondary organic aerosols and provides experimental evidence of the existence of organic ammonium salts in atmospheric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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The Influence of Alkalization and Temperature on Ammonia Recovery from Cow Manure and the Chemical Properties of the Effluents. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11082441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Manure is a substantial source of ammonia volatilization into the atmosphere before and after soil application. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of temperature and alkalization treatments on the release of ammonia and ammonia recovery (AR) from cow manure and to characterize the chemical properties of the resultant effluents. In a closed glass reactor, 100 g of fresh cow manure was mixed with 100 mL of deionized water and the mixture was treated with various volume of KOH to increase the manure pH to 7, 9, and 12. Ammonia was distilled from the mixture at temperatures of 75, 85, 95, and 100 °C for a maximum of 5 h. Ammonia was received as diluted boric and sulfuric acids. Results indicated that the highest ammonia recovery was 86.3% and 90.2%, which were achieved at a pH of 12 and temperatures of 100 and 95 °C, respectively. The recovered ammonia in boric acid was higher than in sulfuric acid, except at a pH of 12 and temperatures of 95 and 100 °C. The effluents, after ammonia was removed, showed that the variation in pH ranged between 6.30 and 9.38. The electrical conductivity ranged between 4.5 and 9. (dS m−1) and total potassium ranged between 9.4 and 57.2 mg kg−1.
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Kolb C, Davidovits P, Jayne J, Shi Q, Worsnop D. Kinetics of Trace Gas Uptake by Liquid Surfaces. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967402103165324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.E. Kolb
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821-3976, USA
| | - P. Davidovits
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821-3976, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3809, USA
| | - J.T. Jayne
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821-3976, USA
| | - Q. Shi
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821-3976, USA
| | - D.R. Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821-3976, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3809, USA
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6
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Chen H, Wang M, Yao L, Chen J, Wang L. Uptake of Gaseous Alkylamides by Suspended Sulfuric Acid Particles: Formation of Ammonium/Aminium Salts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11710-11717. [PMID: 28910093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amides represent an important class of nitrogen-containing compounds in the atmosphere that can in theory interact with atmospheric acidic particles and contribute to secondary aerosol formation. In this study, uptake coefficients (γ) of six alkylamides (C1 to C3) by suspended sulfuric acid particles were measured using an aerosol flow tube coupled to a high resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HRToF-CIMS). At 293 K and < 3% relative humidity (RH), the measured uptake coefficients for six alkylamides were in the range of (4.8-23) × 10-2. A negative dependence upon RH was observed for both N-methylformamide and N,N-dimethylformamide, likely due to decreased mass accommodation coefficients (α) at lower acidities. A negative temperature dependence was observed for N,N-dimethylformamide under < 3% RH, also consistent with the mass accommodation-controlled uptake processes. Chemical analysis of reacted sulfuric acid particles indicates that alkylamides hydrolyzed in the presence of water molecules to form ammonium or aminium. Our results suggest that multiphase uptake of amides will contribute to growth of atmospheric acidic particles and alter their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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7
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Fairhurst MC, Ezell MJ, Kidd C, Lakey PSJ, Shiraiwa M, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Kinetics, mechanisms and ionic liquids in the uptake of n-butylamine onto low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4827-4839. [PMID: 28133655 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric particles adversely affect visibility, health, and climate, yet the kinetics and mechanisms of particle formation and growth are poorly understood. Multiphase reactions between amines and dicarboxylic acids (diacids) have been suggested to contribute. In this study, the reactions of n-butylamine (BA) with solid C3-C8 diacids were studied at 296 ± 1 K using a Knudsen cell interfaced to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Uptake coefficients for amines on the diacids with known geometric surface areas were measured at initial amine concentrations from (3-50) × 1011 cm-3. Uptake coefficients ranged from 0.7 ± 0.1 (2σ) for malonic acid (C3) to <10-6 for suberic acid (C8), show an odd-even carbon number effect, and decrease with increasing chain length within each series. Butylaminium salts formed from evaporation of aqueous solutions of BA with C3, C5 and C7 diacids (as well as C8) were viscous liquids, suggesting that ionic liquids (ILs) form on the surface during the reactions of gas phase amine with the odd carbon diacids. Predictions from the kinetic multi-layer model of aerosol surface and bulk chemistry (KM-SUB) were quantitatively consistent with uptake occurring via dissolution of the underlying diacid into the IL layer and reaction with amine taken up from the gas phase. The butylaminium salts formed from the C4 and C6 diacids were solids, and their uptake coefficients were smaller. These experiments and kinetic modeling demonstrate the unexpected formation of ILs in a gas-solid reaction, and suggest that ILs should be considered under some circumstances in atmospheric processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Ezell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Carla Kidd
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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8
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Fairhurst MC, Ezell MJ, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Knudsen cell studies of the uptake of gaseous ammonia and amines onto C3–C7 solid dicarboxylic acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26296-26309. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While atmospheric particles affect health, visibility and climate, the details governing their formation and growth are poorly understood on a molecular level.
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9
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Zhang R, Wang G, Guo S, Zamora ML, Ying Q, Lin Y, Wang W, Hu M, Wang Y. Formation of urban fine particulate matter. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3803-55. [PMID: 25942499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Song Guo
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Hu
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- #Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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10
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Behera SN, Sharma M, Aneja VP, Balasubramanian R. Ammonia in the atmosphere: a review on emission sources, atmospheric chemistry and deposition on terrestrial bodies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:8092-131. [PMID: 23982822 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous ammonia (NH3) is the most abundant alkaline gas in the atmosphere. In addition, it is a major component of total reactive nitrogen. The largest source of NH3 emissions is agriculture, including animal husbandry and NH3-based fertilizer applications. Other sources of NH3 include industrial processes, vehicular emissions and volatilization from soils and oceans. Recent studies have indicated that NH3 emissions have been increasing over the last few decades on a global scale. This is a concern because NH3 plays a significant role in the formation of atmospheric particulate matter, visibility degradation and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to sensitive ecosystems. Thus, the increase in NH3 emissions negatively influences environmental and public health as well as climate change. For these reasons, it is important to have a clear understanding of the sources, deposition and atmospheric behaviour of NH3. Over the last two decades, a number of research papers have addressed pertinent issues related to NH3 emissions into the atmosphere at global, regional and local scales. This review article integrates the knowledge available on atmospheric NH3 from the literature in a systematic manner, describes the environmental implications of unabated NH3 emissions and provides a scientific basis for developing effective control strategies for NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailesh N Behera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore,
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11
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Dempsey LP, Faust JA, Nathanson GM. Near-Interfacial Halogen Atom Exchange in Collisions of Cl2 with 2.7 M NaBr–Glycerol. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12306-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jp308202k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Logan P. Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University
Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Faust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University
Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
| | - Gilbert M. Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University
Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
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12
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Abstract
For more than two decades a cadre of physical chemists has focused on understanding the formation processes, chemical composition, and chemical kinetics of atmospheric aerosol particles and droplets with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to ∼10,000 nm. They have adapted or invented a range of fundamental experimental and theoretical tools to investigate the thermochemistry, mass transport, and chemical kinetics of processes occurring at nanoscale gas-liquid and gas-solid interfaces for a wide range of nonideal, real-world substances. State-of-the-art laboratory methods devised to study molecular spectroscopy, chemical kinetics, and molecular dynamics also have been incorporated into field measurement instruments that are deployed routinely on research aircraft, ships, and mobile laboratories as well as at field sites from megacities to the most remote jungle, desert, and polar locations. These instruments can now provide real-time, size-resolved aerosol particle physical property and chemical composition data anywhere in Earth's troposphere and lower stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976
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13
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Lin TY, Pan YT, Lee HY, Wang PY, Wu CH. Markedly Enhanced Purge-and-Trap Performance and Efficiency for the Determination of Ammonium Ion in High-Salinity Water Samples. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Zhang R, Khalizov A, Wang L, Hu M, Xu W. Nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in the atmosphere. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1957-2011. [PMID: 22044487 DOI: 10.1021/cr2001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry and Environment, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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15
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Chakraborty D, Chandra A. Hydrogen bonded structure and dynamics of liquid-vapor interface of water-ammonia mixture: An ab initio molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:114510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3637499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Yin S, Ge M, Wang W, Liu Z, Wang D. Uptake of gas-phase alkylamines by sulfuric acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Davidovits P, Kolb CE, Williams LR, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR. Update 1 of: Mass Accommodation and Chemical Reactions at Gas−Liquid Interfaces. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR76-109. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100360b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Davidovits
- Chemistry Department, 2609 Beacon Street, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Charles E. Kolb
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Leah R. Williams
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - John T. Jayne
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
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Liggio J, Li SM, Vlasenko A, Stroud C, Makar P. Depression of ammonia uptake to sulfuric acid aerosols by competing uptake of ambient organic gases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:2790-2796. [PMID: 21405082 DOI: 10.1021/es103801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The neutralization of acidic aerosols by ammonia has been studied through experiments which combine ambient air with laboratory generated sulfuric acid aerosol. Results indicated that acidic aerosol mixed with organic free air and ammonia was neutralized on a time scale<1 min, consistent with expectations. However, in the presence of ambient organic gases and ammonia, the rate of aerosol neutralization is significantly reduced. This reduction in ammonia uptake was concurrent with an increase in the amount of particle phase organics. A steady state in the NH4+/SO4(2-) in the presence of organic gases was established on time scales of 10 min to several hours, corresponding to NH3 uptake coefficients in the range of 4×10(-3)-2×10(-4). The degree to which neutralization was slowed was dependent upon the initial ammonia concentration and the organic mass added to the aerosols. These results suggest that inorganic equilibrium thermodynamic models may overestimate the rate of ammonia uptake and that ambient particles may remain acidic for longer than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Liggio
- Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada.
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Wang L, Lal V, Khalizov AF, Zhang R. Heterogeneous chemistry of alkylamines with sulfuric acid: implications for atmospheric formation of alkylaminium sulfates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:2461-2465. [PMID: 20192255 DOI: 10.1021/es9036868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous interaction of alkylamines with sulfuric acid has been investigated to assess the role of amines in aerosol growth through the formation of alkylaminium sulfates. The kinetic experiments were conducted in a low-pressure fast flow reactor coupled to an ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ID-CIMS). The measurements of heterogeneous uptake of methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine were performed in the acidity range of 59-82 wt % H(2)SO(4) and between 243 and 283 K. Irreversible reactive uptakes were observed for all three alkylamines, with comparable uptake coefficients (gamma) in the range of 2.0 x 10(-2) to 4.4 x 10(-2). The measured gamma value was slightly higher in more concentrated sulfuric acid and at lower temperatures. The results imply that the heterogeneous reactions of alkylamines contribute effectively to the growth of atmospheric acidic particles and, hence, secondary organic aerosol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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20
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Lloyd JA, Heaton KJ, Johnston MV. Reactive Uptake of Trimethylamine into Ammonium Nitrate Particles. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4840-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900634d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Lloyd
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Katherine J. Heaton
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Murray V. Johnston
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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21
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Davidovits P, Kolb CE, Williams LR, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR. Mass accommodation and chemical reactions at gas-liquid interfaces. Chem Rev 2007; 106:1323-54. [PMID: 16608183 DOI: 10.1021/cr040366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Davidovits
- Chemistry Department, 2609 Beacon Street, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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22
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Gopalakrishnan S, Liu D, Allen HC, Kuo M, Shultz MJ. Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of Aqueous Interfaces: Salts, Acids, Bases, and Nanodrops. Chem Rev 2006; 106:1155-75. [PMID: 16608176 DOI: 10.1021/cr040361n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Paul S, Chandra A. Liquid-vapor interfacial properties of water-ammonia mixtures: Dependence on ammonia concentration. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:174712. [PMID: 16375562 DOI: 10.1063/1.2107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium and dynamical properties of the liquid-vapor interfaces of water-ammonia mixtures are investigated by means of molecular-dynamics simulations. Altogether, we have simulated seven different systems of different concentration of ammonia. The inhomogeneous density, anisotropic orientational profiles, surface tension, and the pattern of hydrogen bonding are calculated for both water and ammonia molecules in order to characterize the location, width, thermodynamic aspects, and microscopic structure of the liquid-vapor interfaces of each of the water-ammonia systems. The dynamical aspects of the interfaces are investigated in terms of the anisotropic diffusion and dipole orientational relaxation of water and ammonia molecules. The properties of the interfaces are compared with those of the corresponding bulk phases. The present theoretical results are also compared with experimental findings wherever available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India 208016
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Davidovits P, Worsnop DR, Williams LR, Kolb CE, Gershenzon M. Comment on “Mass Accommodation Coefficient of Water: Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Revised Analysis of Droplet Train/Flow Reactor Experiment”. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14742-6; discussion 14747-9. [PMID: 16852859 DOI: 10.1021/jp0449915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Davidovits
- Chemistry Department, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3809, USA.
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25
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Miller Y, Chaban GM, Gerber RB. Ab Initio Vibrational Calculations for H2SO4 and H2SO4·H2O: Spectroscopy and the Nature of the Anharmonic Couplings. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6565-74. [PMID: 16834003 DOI: 10.1021/jp058110l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational frequencies for fundamental, overtone, and combination excitations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and of sulfuric acid monohydrate cluster (H2SO4 x H2O) are computed directly from ab initio MP2/TZP potential surface points using the correlation-corrected vibrational self-consistent field (CC-VSCF) method, which includes anharmonic effects. The results are compared with experiment. The computed transitions show in nearly all cases good agreement with experimental data and consistent improvement over the harmonic approximation. The CC-VSCF improvements over the harmonic approximation are largest for the overtone and combination excitations and for the OH stretching fundamental. The agreement between the calculations and experiment also supports the validity of the MP2/TZP potential surfaces. Anharmonic coupling between different vibrational modes is found to significantly affect the vibrational frequencies. Analysis of the mean magnitude of the anharmonic coupling interactions between different pairs of normal modes is carried out. The results suggest possible mechanisms for the internal flow of vibrational energy in H2SO4 and H2SO4 x H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Miller
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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26
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Berndt T, Böge O, Stratmann F, Heintzenberg J, Kulmala M. Rapid Formation of Sulfuric Acid Particles at Near-Atmospheric Conditions. Science 2005; 307:698-700. [PMID: 15692045 DOI: 10.1126/science.1104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the formation of new particles in a laboratory study, starting from H2SO4 produced in situ through the reaction of OH radicals with SO2. Newly formed particles were observed for H2SO4 concentrations above 7 x 10(6) per cubic centimeter. At 293 kelvin, a rough estimate yielded a nucleation rate of 0.3 to 0.4 particles per cubic centimeter per second for approximately 10(7) particles per cubic centimeter of H2SO4 (particle size >/= 3 nanometers). These findings are in agreement with observations from the atmosphere. The results demonstrate that under laboratory conditions similar to the atmosphere, particle formation occurs at atmospheric H2SO4 concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Berndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V., Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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27
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Worsnop DR, Williams LR, Kolb CE, Mozurkewich M, Gershenzon M, Davidovits P. Comment on “The NH3Mass Accommodation Coefficient for Uptake onto Sulfuric Acid Solution”. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036519+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Worsnop DR, Williams LR, Kolb CE, Mozurkewich M, Gershenzon M, Davidovits P. Comment on “Gas-Phase Flow and Diffusion Analysis of the Droplet-Train/Flow-Reactor Technique for the Mass Accommodation Process”. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036517p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Mozurkewich
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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29
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Hanson DR, Kosciuch E. Reply to “Comment on ‘The NH3 Mass Accommodation Coefficient for Uptake onto Sulfuric Acid Solutions'”. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0311761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Morita A, Sugiyama M, Kameda H, Koda S, Hanson DR. Mass Accommodation Coefficient of Water: Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Revised Analysis of Droplet Train/Flow Reactor Experiment. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030479s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sugiyama
- Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kameda
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Koda
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - David R. Hanson
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80303-2000
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31
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Abstract
Molecular beam scattering experiments provide a way to disentangle the elementary steps involved in energy transfer and chemical reactions between gases and liquids. After surveying the history and recent progress in this field, we review studies of the kinematics of gas-liquid collisions and proton exchange of HCl, DCl, and HBr with supercooled sulfuric acid and liquid glycerol. These experiments help to clarify the role of the surface region in controlling trapping and interfacial- and bulk-phase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert M Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, USA.
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32
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Hanson DR, Sugiyama M, Morita A. Revised Kinetics in the Droplet-Train Apparatus Due to a Wall Loss. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035710g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Hanson
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3000 USA
| | - Masakazu Sugiyama
- Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7−3−1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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33
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Tolocka MP, Saul TD, Johnston MV. Reactive Uptake of Nitric Acid into Aqueous Sodium Chloride Droplets Using Real-Time Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036612y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Tolocka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Thomas D. Saul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Murray V. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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34
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Gershenzon M, Davidovits P, Williams LR, Shi Q, Jayne JT, Kolb CE, Worsnop DR. Uptake of H217O(g) and D2O(g) by Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036402l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Zhang HZ, Li YQ, Xia JR, Davidovits P, Williams LR, Jayne JT, Kolb CE, Worsnop DR. Uptake of Gas-Phase Species by 1-Octanol. 1. Uptake of α-Pinene, γ-Terpinene, p-Cymene, and 2-Methyl-2-hexanol as a Function of Relative Humidity and Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0342529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Theoretical study on the structures and vibrational spectra of the H2SO4–(CO2)x (x=1, 2) hydrogen bonded complexes. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Knopf DA, Luo BP, Krieger UK, Koop T. Thermodynamic Dissociation Constant of the Bisulfate Ion from Raman and Ion Interaction Modeling Studies of Aqueous Sulfuric Acid at Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027775+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Hanson D, Kosciuch E. The NH3 Mass Accommodation Coefficient for Uptake onto Sulfuric Acid Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021570j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Hanson
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307-3000
| | - E. Kosciuch
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307-3000
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39
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Morita A, Sugiyama M, Koda S. Gas-Phase Flow and Diffusion Analysis of the Droplet-Train/Flow-Reactor Technique for the Mass-Accommodation Processes. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021571b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sugiyama
- Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Koda
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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40
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Water Confined at the Liquid-Air Interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05231-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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41
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Bienko AJ, Latajka Z. Density functional studies of 1:1 and 1:2 sulfuric acid complexes with carbon monoxide. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Schultz MJ, Baldelli S, Schnitzer C, Simonelli D. Aqueous Solution/Air Interfaces Probed with Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2002; 106:5313-5324. [PMID: 33975424 DOI: 10.1021/jp014466v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An important issue for developing a molecular-level mechanism of heterogeneous interactions at the aqueous interface is determining changes in the interface with changes in the bulk composition. Development of the nonlinear spectroscopy, sum frequency generation (SFG) provides a technique to probe these changes. Several molecular and ionic solutes have been used to investigate changes in the structure of the aqueous interface. Molecular solutes include glycerol and ammonia. Ionic and associated ion complexes include sulfuric acid as well as alkali sulfate and bisulfate salts. Molecular solutes and associated ion complexes penetrate to the top monolayer of the aqueous-air interface displacing water from the interface. Specifically, the conjectured ammonia-water complex is observed with ammonia tilted, on average, 25-38° from the normal. Ionic solutes generate a double layer in the interfacial region due to the differential distribution of anions and cations near the interface. The strength of the double layer is dependent on ion size and charge. Due to the extreme size of the proton, the strongest field is generated by acidic solutes. As the ionic solute concentration increases, associated ion pairs form and these penetrate to the top monolayer. These results have wide implications because the aqueous interface is ubiquitous in atmospheric and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, Pearson Lab., Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
| | - Steve Baldelli
- Department of Chemistry, Pearson Lab., Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
| | - Cheryl Schnitzer
- Department of Chemistry, Pearson Lab., Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
| | - Danielle Simonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Pearson Lab., Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
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43
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Li YQ, Zhang HZ, Davidovits P, Jayne JT, Kolb CE, Worsnop DR. Uptake of HCl(g) and HBr(g) on Ethylene Glycol Surfaces as a Function of Relative Humidity and Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012861f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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44
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Li YQ, Davidovits P, Kolb CE, Worsnop DR. Mass and Thermal Accommodation Coefficients of H2O(g) on Liquid Water as a Function of Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012758q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Shi Q, Jayne JT, Kolb CE, Worsnop DR, Davidovits P. Kinetic model for reaction of ClONO2with H2O and HCl and HOCl with HCl in sulfuric acid solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Boniface J, Shi Q, Li YQ, Cheung JL, Rattigan OV, Davidovits P, Worsnop DR, Jayne JT, Kolb CE. Uptake of Gas-Phase SO2, H2S, and CO2 by Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000479h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Fridlind AM, Jacobson MZ. A study of gas-aerosol equilibrium and aerosol pH in the remote marine boundary layer during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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