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Safonov DA, Vanag VK. Oscillatory microcells connected on a ring by chemical waves. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:063134. [PMID: 34241281 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of four coupled microcells with the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction in them is analyzed with the aid of partial differential equations. Identical BZ microcells are coupled in a circle via identical narrow channels containing all the components of the BZ reaction, which is in the stationary excitable state in the channels. Spikes in the BZ microcells generate unidirectional chemical waves in the channels. A thin filter is put in between the end of the channel and the cell. To make coupling between neighboring cells of the inhibitory type, hydrophobic filters are used, which let only Br2 molecules, the inhibitor of the BZ reaction, go through the filter. To simulate excitatory coupling, we use a hypothetical filter that let only HBrO2 molecules, the activator of the BZ reaction, go through it. New dynamic modes found in the described system are compared with the "old" dynamic modes found earlier in the analogous system of the "single point" BZ oscillators coupled in a circle by pulses with time delay. The "new" and "old" dynamic modes found for inhibitory coupling match well, the only difference being much broader regions of multi-rhythmicity in the "new" dynamic modes. For the excitatory type of coupling, in addition to four symmetrical modes of the "old" type, many new asymmetrical modes coexisting with the symmetrical ones have been found. Asymmetrical modes are characterized by the spikes occurring any time within some finite time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Safonov
- Centre for Nonlinear Chemistry, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo str., Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
| | - Vladimir K Vanag
- Centre for Nonlinear Chemistry, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo str., Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
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2
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Light and chemical oscillations: Review and perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Berlanga I. Synthesis of Non-Uniform Functionalized Amphiphilic Block Copolymers and Giant Vesicles in the Presence of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E352. [PMID: 31398958 PMCID: PMC6723531 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant vesicles with several-micrometer diameters were prepared by the self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer in the presence of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. The vesicle is composed of a non-uniform triblock copolymer synthesized by multi-step reactions in the presence of air at room temperature. The triblock copolymer contains poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) as the hydrophilic block copolymerized with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)3), which catalyzes the BZ reaction, and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) as the hydrophobic block. In this new approach, the radicals generated in the BZ reaction can activate a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to self-assemble the polymer into vesicles with diameters of approximately 3 µm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements demonstrated that the PGMA-b-Ru(bpy)3-b-PHPMA triblock copolymer is brominated and increases the osmotic pressure inside the vesicle, leading to micrometer-sized features. The effect of solvent on the morphological transitions are also discussed briefly. This BZ strategy, offers a new perspective to prepare giant vesicles as a platform for promising applications in the areas of microencapsulation and catalyst support, due to their significant sizes and large microcavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Berlanga
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origins of Life Initiative, Harvard University, 100 Edwin H. Land Bvld., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials. FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago 8370456, Chile.
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Toth R, Taylor AF. The Tris(2,2'-Bipyridyl)Ruthenium-Catalysed Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967406779946928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Belousov – Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction is the prototypical oscillating chemical reaction. The tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium-catalysed BZ reaction (often simply referred to as the ruthenium-catalysed BZ reaction) displays photosensitivity and has been widely exploited for examination of the effects of illumination on nonlinear reaction kinetics. In this review, we investigate the behaviour of the ruthenium-catalysed BZ reaction. The mechanism of the reaction is analysed and we examine how light sensitivity is incorporated into kinetic models of the reaction. The temporal dynamics of the photosensitive reaction is presented and, finally, we discuss the extraordinary wealth of behaviour that has been observed in the spatially-distributed system when perturbed by visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Toth
- University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Prasanna Kumar DJ, Verma S, Jasuja K, Dayal P. Tuning the oscillatory dynamics of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction using ruthenium nanoparticle decorated graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3164-3173. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium nanoparticle decorated graphene nano-mats to enhance chemical oscillations in BZ reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sachin Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Kabeer Jasuja
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Pratyush Dayal
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- India
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Tang A, Green JR, Wang J. Long-Lasting Complex Reaction Behavior in a Closed Ferroin-Bromate-Hydroxybenzenesulfonate System. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8301-8307. [PMID: 30289717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bromate-phenolsulfonate reaction was found to exhibit spontaneous oscillations in a batch reactor, where the addition of small amounts of ferroin would result in nonoscillatory behavior. As the ferroin concentration was increased, the system produced very rich nonlinear behavior, including three isolated oscillatory regimes that were separated by as long as 48 h nonoscillatory period. The long-lasting nonlinear behavior may be attributed to the slow desulfonation of phenolsulfonate in an acidic solution, forming phenol-like intermediates. However, unlike the bromate-phenol oscillator, oxygen was found to greatly influence the reaction, and various complex oscillations could be observed by tuning the oxygen concentration. Mechanistic studies performed through employing 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to measure intermediate species at different stages of the reaction were able to identify 1,4-benzoquinone, 2-bromo-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,6-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol as major components during the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - James R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Jichang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada
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7
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Weiss S, Deegan RD. Weakly and strongly coupled Belousov-Zhabotinsky patterns. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:022215. [PMID: 28297951 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.022215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate experimentally and numerically the synchronization of two-dimensional spiral wave patterns in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction due to point-to-point coupling of two separate domains. Different synchronization modalities appear depending on the coupling strength and the initial patterns in each domain. The behavior as a function of the coupling strength falls into two qualitatively different regimes. The weakly coupled regime is characterized by inter-domain interactions that distorted but do not break wave fronts. Under weak coupling, spiral cores are pushed around by wave fronts in the other domain, resulting in an effective interaction between cores in opposite domains. In the case where each domain initially contains a single spiral, the cores form a bound pair and orbit each other at quantized distances. When the starting patterns consist of multiple randomly positioned spiral cores, the number of cores decreases with time until all that remains are a few cores that are synchronized with a partner in the other domain. The strongly coupled regime is characterized by interdomain interactions that break wave fronts. As a result, the wave patterns in both domains become identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Weiss
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert D Deegan
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Tang A, Bell JG, Green JR, Wang J. Complex Nonlinear Behavior in the Bromate-2-Aminophenol Reaction. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Jeffrey G. Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - James R. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Jichang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
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Luo H, Wang C, Ren L, Gao Q, Pan C, Epstein IR. Light-Modulated Intermittent Wave Groups in a Diffusively Fed Reactive Gel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Luo
- College of Chemical Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu P.R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Zaozhuang University; Zaozhuang 277160 Shandong P.R. China
| | - Chenlong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Lin Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Changwei Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Irving R. Epstein
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS 015; Brandeis University; Waltham MA 02454-9110 USA
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Luo H, Wang C, Ren L, Gao Q, Pan C, Epstein IR. Light-Modulated Intermittent Wave Groups in a Diffusively Fed Reactive Gel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4988-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Luo
- College of Chemical Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu P.R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Zaozhuang University; Zaozhuang 277160 Shandong P.R. China
| | - Chenlong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Lin Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Changwei Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Irving R. Epstein
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS 015; Brandeis University; Waltham MA 02454-9110 USA
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11
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Vanag VK, Smelov PS, Klinshov VV. Dynamical regimes of four almost identical chemical oscillators coupled via pulse inhibitory coupling with time delay. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5509-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06883e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of four almost identical pulse coupled chemical oscillators with time delay are systematically studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir K. Vanag
- Centre for Nonlinear Chemistry
- Chemical-Biological Institute
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
- Kaliningrad
- Russia
| | - Pavel S. Smelov
- Centre for Nonlinear Chemistry
- Chemical-Biological Institute
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
- Kaliningrad
- Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Klinshov
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
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12
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Ren L, Fan B, Gao Q, Zhao Y, Luo H, Xia Y, Lu X, Epstein IR. Experimental, numerical, and mechanistic analysis of the nonmonotonic relationship between oscillatory frequency and photointensity for the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillator. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2015; 25:064607. [PMID: 26117132 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oscillation frequency of a nonlinear reaction system acts as a key factor for interaction and superposition of spatiotemporal patterns. To control and design spatiotemporal patterns in oscillatory media, it is important to establish the dominant frequency-related mechanism and the effects of external forces and species concentrations on oscillatory frequency. In the Ru(bipy)3(2+)-catalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillator, a nonmonotonic relationship exists between light intensity and oscillatory frequency (I-F relationship), which is composed of fast photopromotion and slow photoinhibition regions in the oscillation frequency curve. In this work, we identify the essential mechanistic step of the I-F relationship: the previously proposed photoreaction Ru(II)* + Ru(II) + BrO3(-) + 3H(+) → HBrO2 + 2Ru(III) + H2O, which has both effects of frequency-shortening and frequency-lengthening. The concentrations of species can shift the light intensity that produces the maximum frequency, which we simulate and explain with a mechanistic model. This result will benefit studies of pattern formation and biomimetic movement of oscillating polymer gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Bowen Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Yuemin Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Hainan Luo
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Yahui Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Xingjie Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Irving R Epstein
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS 015, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, USA
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Buskohl PR, Kramb RC, Vaia RA. Synchronicity in Composite Hydrogels: Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) Active Nodes in Gelatin. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3595-602. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512829h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip R. Buskohl
- AFRL/RX Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Ryan C. Kramb
- AFRL/RX Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Richard A. Vaia
- AFRL/RX Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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14
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Proskurkin IS, Vanag VK. New type of excitatory pulse coupling of chemical oscillators via inhibitor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17906-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of excitatory pulse coupling of two chemical oscillators via a short interruption of inhibitor inflow is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. Proskurkin
- Centre for Nonlinear Chemistry
- Chemical-Biological Institute
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
- Kaliningrad
- Russia
| | - Vladimir K. Vanag
- Centre for Nonlinear Chemistry
- Chemical-Biological Institute
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
- Kaliningrad
- Russia
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Taylor AF, Tinsley MR, Showalter K. Insights into collective cell behaviour from populations of coupled chemical oscillators. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [PMID: 26195263 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01964h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems such as yeast show coordinated activity driven by chemical communication between cells. Experiments with coupled chemical oscillators can provide insights into the collective behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette F. Taylor
- Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Mark R. Tinsley
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
| | - Kenneth Showalter
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
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Klika V, Grmela M. Mechano-chemical coupling in Belousov-Zhabotinskii reactions. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:124110. [PMID: 24697427 DOI: 10.1063/1.4869195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechano-chemical coupling has been recently recognised as an important effect in various systems as chemical reactivity can be controlled through an applied mechanical loading. Namely, Belousov-Zhabotinskii reactions in polymer gels exhibit self-sustained oscillations and have been identified to be reasonably controllable and definable to the extent that they can be harnessed to perform mechanical work at specific locations. In this paper, we use our theoretical work of nonlinear mechano-chemical coupling and investigate the possibility of providing an explanation of phenomena found in experimental research by means of this theory. We show that mechanotransduction occurs as a response to both static and dynamic mechanical stimulation, e.g., volume change and its rate, as observed experimentally and discuss the difference of their effects on oscillations. Plausible values of the quasi-stoichiometric parameter f of Oregonator model are estimated together with its dependence on mechanical stimulation. An increase in static loading, e.g., pressure, is predicted to have stimulatory effect whereas dynamic loading, e.g., rate of volume change, is predicted to be stimulatory only up to a certain threshold. Further, we offer a physically consistent explanation of the observed phenomena why some Belousov-Zhabotinskii gels require an additional mechanical stimulation to show emergence of oscillation or why "revival" of oscillations in Belousov-Zhabotinskii reactions is possible together with indications for further experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Klika
- Department of Mathematics, FNSPE, Czech Technical University in Prague, Trojanova 13, Prague 2, 120 00, Czech Republic and New Technologies - Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Grmela
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, C.P. 6079 suc. Centre-ville, Montreal, H3C 3A7 Quebec, Canada
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Yamamoto T, Yoshida R. Self-oscillation of polymer and photo-regulation by introducing photochromic site to induce LCST changes. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lu X, Ren L, Gao Q, Zhao Y, Wang S, Yang J, Epstein IR. Photophobic and phototropic movement of a self-oscillating gel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7690-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Using computational modeling, we show that self-oscillating Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) gels can both emit and sense a chemical signal and thus drive neighboring gel pieces to spontaneously self-aggregate, so that the system exhibits autochemotaxis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the closest system to the ultimate self-recombining material, which can be divided into separated parts and the parts move autonomously to assemble into a structure resembling the original, uncut sample. We also show that the gels' coordinated motion can be controlled by light, allowing us to achieve selective self-aggregation and control over the shape of the gel aggregates. By exposing the BZ gels to specific patterns of light and dark, we design a BZ gel "train" that leads the movement of its "cargo." Our findings pave the way for creating reconfigurable materials from self-propelled elements, which autonomously communicate with neighboring units and thereby actively participate in constructing the final structure.
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Yoshida R. Self-oscillating gels beating like a heart muscle. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012; 8:163-72. [PMID: 27493533 PMCID: PMC4629644 DOI: 10.2142/biophysics.8.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
So far stimuli-responsive polymer gels and their application to smart materials have been widely studied. On the other hand, as a novel biomimetic gel, we developed gels with an autonomous self-oscillating function like a heart muscle, which was firstly reported in 1996. We designed the self-oscillating polymers and gels by utilizing the oscillating reaction, called the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. The self-oscillating polymer is composed of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) network in which the catalyst for the BZ reaction is covalently immobilized. In the presence of the reactants, the polymer gel undergoes spontaneous cyclic swelling-deswelling changes without any on-off switching of external stimuli. Potential applications of the self-oscillating polymers and gels include several kinds of functional material systems, such as bio-mimetic actuators and mass transport surface. In this review, recent progress on the polymer gels is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the activation energies of the aggregation–disaggregation self-oscillation induced by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction by utilizing the nonthermoresponsive polymer chain in a wide temperature range. This is because the conventional type self-oscillating polymer chain, with thermoresponsive poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAAm) main-chain covalently bonded to the ruthenium catalyst (Ru(bpy)3) of the BZ reaction, cannot evaluate the activation energy over the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The nonthermoresponsive self-oscillating polymer chain is composed of a poly-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) main-chain with the ruthenium catalyst (Ru(bpy)3). As a result, we clarified that the activation energy of the aggregation–disaggregation self-oscillation of the polymer chain is hardly affected by the concentrations of the BZ substrates. In addition, the activation energy of the nonthermoresponsive self-oscillating polymer chain was found to be almost the same value as normal BZ reaction, i.e., not including the self-oscillating polymer system with Ru moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hara
- Nanosystem Research Institute, NRI, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, AIST, Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.
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Yashin VV, Kuksenok O, Dayal P, Balazs AC. Mechano-chemical oscillations and waves in reactive gels. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:066601. [PMID: 22790650 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/6/066601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We review advances in a new area of interdisciplinary research that concerns phenomena arising from inherent coupling between non-linear chemical dynamics and mechanics. This coupling provides a route for chemical-to-mechanical energy transduction, which enables materials to exhibit self-sustained oscillations and/or waves in both concentration and deformation fields. We focus on synthetic polymer gels, where the chemo-mechanical behavior can be engineered into the material. We provide a brief review of experimental observations on several types of chemo-mechanical oscillations in gels. Then, we discuss methods used to theoretically and computationally model self-oscillating polymer gels. The rest of the paper is devoted to describing results of theoretical and computational modeling of gels that undergo the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. We discuss a remarkable form of mechano-chemical transduction in these materials, where the application of an applied force or mechanical contact can drive the system to switch between different dynamical behavior, or alter the mechanical properties of the material. Finally, we discuss ways in which photosensitive BZ gels could be used to fabricate biomimetic self-propelled objects. In particular, we describe how non-uniform illumination can be used to direct the movement of BZ gel 'worms' along complex paths, guiding them to bend, reorient and turn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Yashin
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Nakata S, Matsushita M, Sato T, Suematsu NJ, Kitahata H, Amemiya T, Mori Y. Photoexcited Chemical Wave in the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7406-12. [PMID: 21563834 DOI: 10.1021/jp2012057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
| | - Mariko Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
- Hikuma Junior High School, 4-2-15 Hikuma, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 430-0901, Japan
| | - Taisuke Sato
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko J. Suematsu
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitahata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan, and PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takashi Amemiya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Mori
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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24
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Yoshida R. Self-oscillating gels driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction as novel smart materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3463-83. [PMID: 20503208 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200904075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
So far stimuli-responsive polymer gels and their application to smart materials have been widely studied; this research has contributed to progress in gel science and engineering. For their development as a novel biomimetic polymer, studies of polymers with an autonomous self-oscillating function have been carried out since the first reports in 1996. The development of novel self-oscillating polymers and gels have been successful utilizing the oscillating reaction, called the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, which is recognized as a chemical model for understanding several autonomous phenomena in biological systems. The self-oscillating polymer is composed of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) network in which the catalyst for the BZ reaction is covalently immobilized. In the presence of the reactants, the polymer undergoes spontaneous cyclic soluble-insoluble changes or swelling-deswelling changes (in the case of gel) without any on-off switching of external stimuli. Potential applications of the self-socillating polymers and gels include several kinds of functional material systems, such as biomimetic actuators and mass transport surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
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Yoshida R. Design of self-oscillating gels and application to biomimetic actuators. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:1810-22. [PMID: 22294901 PMCID: PMC3264453 DOI: 10.3390/s100301810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a novel biomimetic polymer, we have developed polymer gels with an autonomous self-oscillating function. This was achieved by utilizing oscillating chemical reactions, called the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, which is recognized as a chemical model for understanding several autonomous phenomena in biological systems. Under the coexistence of the reactants, the polymer gel undergoes spontaneous swelling-deswelling changes without any on-off switching by external stimuli. In this review, our recent studies on the self-oscillating polymer gels and application to biomimetic actuators are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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26
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Yoshida R, Sakai T, Hara Y, Maeda S, Hashimoto S, Suzuki D, Murase Y. Self-oscillating gel as novel biomimetic materials. J Control Release 2009; 140:186-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Vanag VK, Epstein IR. A model for jumping and bubble waves in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky-aerosol OT system. J Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3231488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kuksenok O, Yashin VV, Balazs AC. Three-dimensional model for chemoresponsive polymer gels undergoing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:041406. [PMID: 18999426 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.041406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We develop a computational model to capture the complex, three-dimensional behavior of chemoresponsive polymer gels undergoing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. The model combines components of the finite difference and finite element techniques and is an extension of the two-dimensional gel lattice spring model recently developed by two of us [V. V. Yashin and A. C. Balazs, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 124707 (2007)]. Using this model, we undertake the first three-dimensional (3D) computational studies of the dynamical behavior of chemoresponsive BZ gels. For sufficiently large sample sizes and a finite range of reaction parameters, we observe regular and nonregular oscillations in both the size and shape of the sample that are coupled to the chemical oscillations. Additionally, we determine the critical values of these reaction parameters at the transition points between the different types of observed behavior. We also show that the dynamics of the chemoresponsive gels drastically depends on the boundary conditions at the surface of the sample. This 3D computational model could provide an effective tool for designing gel-based, responsive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kuksenok
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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29
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Yoshida R. Self-Oscillating Polymer and Gels as Novel Biomimetic Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.81.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Yashin VV, Balazs AC. Theoretical and computational modeling of self-oscillating polymer gels. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:124707. [PMID: 17411152 DOI: 10.1063/1.2672951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors model wave propagation in swollen, chemoresponsive polymer gels that are undergoing the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. To carry out this study, they first modify the Oregonator model for BZ reactions in simple solutions to include the effect of the polymer on the reaction kinetics. They then describe the gel dynamics through the framework of the two-fluid model. The polymer-solvent interactions that are introduced through the BZ reaction are captured through a coupling term, which is added to the Flory-Huggins model for polymer-solvent mixtures. The resulting theoretical model is then used to develop the gel lattice spring model (gLSM), which is a computationally efficient approach for simulating large-scale, two-dimensional (2D) deformations and chemical reactions within a swollen polymer network. The 2D calculations allow the authors to probe not only volume changes but also changes in the sample's shape. Using the gLSM, they determine the pattern formation and shape changes in 2D rectangular BZ gels that are anchored to a solid wall. They demonstrate that the dynamic patterns depend on whether the gel is expanded or contracted near the wall, and on the sample's dimensions. Finally, they isolate a scenario where the detachment of the gel from the wall leads to macroscopic motion of the entire sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Yashin
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Yashin VV, Balazs AC. Pattern Formation and Shape Changes in Self-Oscillating Polymer Gels. Science 2006; 314:798-801. [PMID: 17082453 DOI: 10.1126/science.1132412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We developed an efficient model for responsive gels that captures large-scale, two-dimensional (2D) deformations and chemical reactions within a swollen polymer network. The 2D calculations allowed us to probe not only volume changes but also changes in sample shape. By focusing on gels undergoing the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, we observed traveling waves of local swelling that form a rich variety of dynamic patterns and give rise to distinctive oscillations in the gel's shape. The observed patterns depend critically on the gel's dimensions. The approach provides a useful computational tool for probing the dynamics of chemomechanical processes and uncovering morphological transformations in responsive gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Yashin
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Yashin VV, Balazs AC. Modeling Polymer Gels Exhibiting Self-Oscillations Due to the Belousov−Zhabotinsky Reaction. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma052622g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Yashin
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Anna C. Balazs
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Roussel MR, Wang J. Onset and Synchronization of Complex Dynamic Behavior in the Light-Sensitive Belousov−Zhabotinsky Reaction with Periodic and Nearly Periodic Switching. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002514q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc R. Roussel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Jichang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada
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Vanag VK, Zhabotinsky AM, Epstein IR. Pattern Formation in the Belousov−Zhabotinsky Reaction with Photochemical Global Feedback. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002390h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir K. Vanag
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS 015, Brandeis University, P.O. Box 549110, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110
| | - Anatol M. Zhabotinsky
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS 015, Brandeis University, P.O. Box 549110, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110
| | - Irving R. Epstein
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS 015, Brandeis University, P.O. Box 549110, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110
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36
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Treindl L, Knudsen D, Nakamura T, Matsumura-Inoue T, Jørgensen KB, Ruoff P. The Light-Perturbed Ru-Catalyzed Belousov−Zhabotinsky Reaction: Evidence for Photochemically Produced Bromous Acid and Bromide Ions by Phase Response Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002221x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovit Treindl
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, School of Science and Technology, Stavanger University College, Box 2557 Ullandhaug, 4091 Stavanger, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake, Nara 630, Japan
| | - David Knudsen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, School of Science and Technology, Stavanger University College, Box 2557 Ullandhaug, 4091 Stavanger, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake, Nara 630, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Nakamura
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, School of Science and Technology, Stavanger University College, Box 2557 Ullandhaug, 4091 Stavanger, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake, Nara 630, Japan
| | - Takeko Matsumura-Inoue
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, School of Science and Technology, Stavanger University College, Box 2557 Ullandhaug, 4091 Stavanger, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake, Nara 630, Japan
| | - Kåre B. Jørgensen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, School of Science and Technology, Stavanger University College, Box 2557 Ullandhaug, 4091 Stavanger, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake, Nara 630, Japan
| | - Peter Ruoff
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, School of Science and Technology, Stavanger University College, Box 2557 Ullandhaug, 4091 Stavanger, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake, Nara 630, Japan
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37
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Vanag VK, Zhabotinsky AM, Epstein IR. Role of Dibromomalonic Acid in the Photosensitivity of the Ru(bpy)32+-Catalyzed Belousov−Zhabotinsky Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001418m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir K. Vanag
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS 015, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110
| | - Anatol M. Zhabotinsky
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS 015, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110
| | - Irving R. Epstein
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS 015, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110
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