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Sun H, Yee SS, Gobeze HB, He R, Martinez D, Risinger AL, Schanze KS. One- and Two-Photon Activated Release of Oxaliplatin from a Pt(IV)-Functionalized Poly(phenylene ethynylene). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15996-16005. [PMID: 35360898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a water-soluble poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE-Pt(IV)) that is functionalized with oxidized oxaliplatin Pt(IV) units and its use for photoactivated chemotherapy. The photoactivation strategy is based on photoinduced electron transfer from the PPE backbone to oxaliplatin Pt(IV) as an electron acceptor; this process triggers the release of oxaliplatin, which is a clinically used anticancer drug. Mechanistic studies carried out using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with picosecond-nanosecond transient absorption support the hypothesis that electron transfer triggers the drug release. Photoactivation is effective, producing oxaliplatin with a good chemical yield in less than 1 h of photolysis (400 nm, 5 mW cm-2). Photorelease of oxaliplatin from PPE-Pt(IV) can also be effected with two-photon excitation by using 100 fs pulsed light at 725 nm. Cytotoxicity studies using SK-OV-3 human ovarian cancer cells demonstrate that without photoactivation PPE-Pt(IV) is not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 10 μM in polymer repeating unit (PRU) concentration. However, following a short period of 460 nm irradiation, oxaliplatin is released from PPE-Pt(IV), resulting in cytotoxicity at concentrations as low as 2.5 μM PRU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Samantha S Yee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Habtom B Gobeze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ru He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - April L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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Wang J, Yang X, Zhao P, Deng H, Zhuo LG, Wang G, Yang Y, Wei H, Zhou Z, Liao W. Investigating Antibacterial Efficiency and Mechanism of Oligo-thiophenes under White Light and Specific Biocidal Activity against E. coli in Dark. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3561-3570. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Gang Zhuo
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanquan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchuan Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu, Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Sichuan 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Wei
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu, Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Sichuan 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu, Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Sichuan 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
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Monge F, Jagadesan P, Bondu V, Donabedian PL, Ista L, Chi EY, Schanze KS, Whitten DG, Kell AM. Highly Effective Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55688-55695. [PMID: 33267577 PMCID: PMC7724758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the inactivation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by synthetic conjugated polymers and oligomers developed in our laboratories as antimicrobials for bacteria, fungi, and nonenveloped viruses. The results show highly effective light-induced inactivation with several of these oligomers and polymers including irradiation with near-UV and visible light. In the best case, one oligomer induced a 5-log reduction in pfu/mL within 10 min. In general, the oligomers are more active than the polymers; however, the polymers are active with longer wavelength visible irradiation. Although not studied quantitatively, the results show that in the presence of the agents at concentrations similar to those used in the light studies, there is essentially no dark inactivation of the virus. Because three of the five materials/compounds examined are quaternary ammonium derivatives, this study indicates that conventional quaternary ammonium antimicrobials may not be active against SARS-CoV-2. Our results suggest several applications involving the incorporation of these materials in wipes, sprays, masks, and clothing and other personal protection equipment that can be useful in preventing infections and the spreading of this deadly virus and future outbreaks from similar viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia
A. Monge
- Center
for Biomedical Engineering, University of
New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-0001, New Mexico, United States
- Biomedical
Engineering Graduate Program, University
of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-0001, New Mexico, United States
| | - Pradeepkumar Jagadesan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San
Antonio, San Antonio 78249-1644, Texas, United States
| | - Virginie Bondu
- Department
of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131-0001, New Mexico, United States
| | - Patrick L. Donabedian
- Center
for Biomedical Engineering, University of
New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-0001, New Mexico, United States
- Nanoscience
and Microsystems Engineering Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-0001, New Mexico, United States
| | - Linnea Ista
- Center
for Biomedical Engineering, University of
New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-0001, New Mexico, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, New Mexico, United States
| | - Eva Y. Chi
- Center
for Biomedical Engineering, University of
New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-0001, New Mexico, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, New Mexico, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San
Antonio, San Antonio 78249-1644, Texas, United States
| | - David G. Whitten
- Center
for Biomedical Engineering, University of
New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-0001, New Mexico, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, New Mexico, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University
of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-0001, New Mexico, United States
| | - Alison M. Kell
- Department
of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131-0001, New Mexico, United States
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Schanze KS, Whitten DG, Kell AM, Chi EY, Ista LK, Monge FA, Jagadesan P, Bondu V, Donabedian PL. Highly Effective Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.09.29.20204164. [PMID: 33052358 PMCID: PMC7553178 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.29.20204164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current Covid-19 Pandemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus has proven extremely difficult to prevent or control. Currently there are few treatment options and very few long-lasting disinfectants available to prevent the spread. While masks and protective clothing and social distancing may offer some protection, their use has not always halted or slowed the spread. Several vaccines are currently undergoing testing; however there is still a critical need to provide new methods for inactivating the virus before it can spread and infect humans. In the present study we examined the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by synthetic conjugated polymers and oligomers developed in our laboratories as antimicrobials for bacteria, fungi and non-enveloped viruses. Our results show that we can obtain highly effective light induced inactivation with several of these oligomers and polymers including irradiation with near-UV and visible light. With both the oligomers and polymers, we can reach several logs of inactivation with relatively short irradiation times. Our results suggest several applications involving the incorporation of these materials in wipes, sprays, masks and clothing and other Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) that can be useful in preventing infections and the spreading of this deadly virus and future outbreaks from similar viruses.
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Well-Defined Conjugated Macromolecules Based on Oligo(Arylene Ethynylene)s in Sensing. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecules with well-defined structures in terms of molar mass and monomer sequence became interesting building blocks for modern materials. The precision of the macromolecular structure makes fine-tuning of the properties of resulting materials possible. Conjugated macromolecules exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties that make them exceptional candidates for sensor construction. The importance of chain length and monomer sequence is particularly important in conjugated systems. The oligomer length, monomer sequence, and structural modification often influence the energy bang gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the molecules that reflect in their properties. Moreover, the supramolecular aggregation that is often observed in oligo-conjugated systems is usually strongly affected by even minor structural changes that are used for sensor designs. This review discusses the examples of well-defined conjugated macromolecules based on oligo(arylene ethynylene) skeleton used for sensor applications. Here, exclusively examples of uniform macromolecules are summarized. The sensing mechanisms and importance of uniformity of structure are deliberated.
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Green Phosphors Based on 9,10-bis((4-((3,7-dimethyloctyl)oxy) phenyl) ethynyl) Anthracene for LED. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10100703. [PMID: 31618987 PMCID: PMC6843851 DOI: 10.3390/mi10100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An anthracene aromatic unit was introduced into the phenylethynyl structure by a rigid acetylene linkage at the C-9 and C-10 positions via Sonogashira coupling reactions, resulting in a planar and straight-backbone molecule (9,10-bis((4-((3,7-dimethyloctyl)oxy) phenyl) ethynyl) anthracene) (BPEA). Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated the good thermal stability of the BPEA. Photoluminescence analysis showed that a suitable expanded π-conjugation in the BPEA made its excitation band extend into the visible region, and an intense green emission was observed under blue-light excitation. A bright green light-emitting diode with an efficiency of 18.22 lm/w was fabricated by coating the organic phosphor onto a 460 nm-emitting InGaN chip. All the results indicate that BPEA is a useful green-emitting material which is efficiently excited by blue light, and therefore, that it could be applied in many fields without UV radiation.
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Jagadesan P, Schanze KS. Poly(phenylene ethynylene) Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Synthesized via Chain-Growth Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeepkumar Jagadesan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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Whitten DG, Tang Y, Zhou Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Hill EH, Pappas HC, Donabedian PL, Chi EY. A Retrospective: 10 Years of Oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) Electrolytes: Demystifying Nanomaterials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:307-325. [PMID: 30056722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective, we first reviewed the synthesis of the oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) electrolytes (OPEs) we created in the past 10 years. Since the general antimicrobial activity of these OPEs had been reported in our previous account in Langmuir, we are focusing only on the unusual spectroscopic and photophysical properties of these OPEs and their complexes with anionic scaffolds and detergents in this Feature Article. We applied classical all-atom MD simulations to study the hydrogen bonding environment in the water surrounding the OPEs with and without detergents present. Our finding is that OPEs could form a unit cluster or unit aggregate with a few oppositely charged detergent molecules, indicating that the photostability and photoreactivity of these OPEs might be considerably altered with important consequences to their activity as antimicrobials and fluorescence-based sensors. Thus, in the following sections, we showed that OPE complexes with detergents exhibit enhanced light-activated biocidal activity compared to either OPE or detergent individually. We also found that similar complexes between certain OPEs and biolipids could be used to construct sensors for the enzyme activity. Finally, the OPEs could covalently bind to microsphere surfaces to make a bactericidal surface, which is simpler and more ordered than the surface grafted from microspheres with polyelectrolytes. In the Conclusions and Prospects section, we briefly summarize the properties of OPEs developed so far and future areas for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Whitten
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Yanli Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Eric H Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Harry C Pappas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Patrick L Donabedian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Eva Y Chi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
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Jana S, Verma A, Kadu R, Kumar S. Visible-light-induced oxidant and metal-free dehydrogenative cascade trifluoromethylation and oxidation of 1,6-enynes with water. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6633-6644. [PMID: 28989690 PMCID: PMC5625288 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02556d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, oxy-trifluoromethylation in olefins is achieved using oxidants and transition metal catalysts. However, labile olefins remain unexplored due to their incompatibility with harsh reaction conditions. Here, unprecedented light-induced oxidant and metal-free tandem radical cyclization-trifluoromethylation and dehydrogenative oxygenation of 1,6-enynes have been achieved using a photoredox catalyst, CF3SO2Na, and phenanthrene-9,10-dione (PQ), Langlois' reagent (CF3SO2Na) and water as the oxygen source. This benign protocol allows for access to various CF3-containing C3-aryloyl/acylated benzofurans, benzothiophenes, and indoles. Moreover, the oxidized undesired products, which are inherently formed by the cleavage of the vinylic carbon and heteroatom bond, have been circumvented under oxidant free conditions. The mechanistic investigations by UV-visible and ESR spectroscopy, electrochemical studies, isotope labelling and density functional theory (DFT) suggest that light induced PQ produced a CF3 radical from CF3SO2Na. The generated CF3 radical adds to the alkene, followed by cyclization, to provide a vinylic radical that transfers an electron to PQ and generates a vinylic cation. Alternatively, electron transfer may occur from the CF3-added alkene moiety, forming a carbocation, which would undergo cationic cyclization to generate a vinylic carbocation. The subsequent addition of water to the vinylic cation, followed by the elimination of hydrogen gas, led to the formation of trifluoromethylated C3-aryloyl/acylated heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhan Jana
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal , Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri , Bhopal-462066 , India . ; http://home.iiserbhopal.ac.in/∼sangitkumar/
| | - Ajay Verma
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal , Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri , Bhopal-462066 , India . ; http://home.iiserbhopal.ac.in/∼sangitkumar/
| | - Rahul Kadu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal , Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri , Bhopal-462066 , India . ; http://home.iiserbhopal.ac.in/∼sangitkumar/
| | - Sangit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal , Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri , Bhopal-462066 , India . ; http://home.iiserbhopal.ac.in/∼sangitkumar/
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Hill EH, Pappas HC, Evans DG, Whitten DG. Cationic oligo-p-phenylene ethynylenes form complexes with surfactants for long-term light-activated biocidal applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:247-53. [PMID: 24149833 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cationic oligo-p-phenylene ethynylenes are highly effective light-activated biocides that deal broad-spectrum damage to a variety of pathogens, including bacteria. A potential problem arising in the long-term usage of these compounds is photochemical breakdown, which nullifies their biocidal activity. Recent work has shown that these molecules complex with oppositely-charged surfactants, and that the resulting complexes are protected from photodegradation. In this manuscript, we determine the biocidal activity of an oligomer and a complex formed between it and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The complexes are able to withstand prolonged periods of irradiation, continuing to effectively kill both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, while the oligomer by itself loses its biocidal effectiveness quickly in the presence of light. In addition, damage and stress responses induced by these biocides in both E. coli and S. aureus are discussed. This work shows that complexation with surfactants is a viable method for long-term light-activated biocidal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Hill
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, USA.
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Hill EH, Evans DG, Whitten DG. The influence of structured interfacial water on the photoluminescence of carboxyester-terminated oligo-p-phenylene ethynylenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric H. Hill
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque NM 87131-1341 USA
- The Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering Program and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque NM 87131-1341 USA
| | - Deborah G. Evans
- The Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering Program and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque NM 87131-1341 USA
| | - David G. Whitten
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque NM 87131-1341 USA
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12
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Hill EH, Evans DG, Whitten DG. Photochemistry of "end-only" oligo-p-phenylene ethynylenes: complexation with sodium dodecyl sulfate reduces solvent accessibility. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:9712-9720. [PMID: 23834062 DOI: 10.1021/la401983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cationic oligo-p-phenylene ethynylenes are very effective light-activated biocides and biosensors but degrade upon exposure to light. In this study, we explore the photochemistry of a class of "end-only" compounds from this series, which have cationic moieties on the ends of the backbone. Product characterization by mass spectrometry reveals that the photoreactivity of these molecules is higher than that of a previously studied oligomer and that the primary products of photolysis result from the addition of water or oxygen across the triple bond. In addition, a product suggesting the addition of peroxide or other reactive oxygen species across the triple bond was observed. To explore avenues by which the photodegradation of these compounds can be mitigated, the effects of complexation with sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles on their photochemistry was explored. Classical molecular dynamics simulations revealed that compounds that were protected from photolysis by SDS buried their phenylene ethynylene backbones into the interior of the micelle, protecting it from contact with water. This work has revealed a molecular basis for the protection of a novel class of light-activated biocides from irradiation that is consistent with the proposed photochemistry of these compounds. This information can be useful for developing photodegradation-resistant biocidal materials and applications for current compounds and leads to new molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Hill
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
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