1
|
Stringent Starvation Protein SspA and Iron Starvation Sigma Factor PvdS Coordinately Regulate Iron Uptake and Prodiginine Biosynthesis in
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. R3. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0116422. [PMID: 36326244 PMCID: PMC9680616 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01164-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Both deficiency and excess of intracellular iron can be harmful, and thus, the iron homeostasis needs to be tightly regulated in organisms. At present, the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is the best-characterized regulator involved in bacterial iron homeostasis, while other regulators of iron homeostasis remain to be further explored.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Liu C, Sun H, Wang S, Liao X, Zhang L. Membrane disruption boosts iron overload and endogenous oxidative stress to inactivate Escherichia coli by nanoscale zero-valent iron. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128951. [PMID: 35472538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of microorganisms by nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was extensively reported, but what happens inside the cells is rarely explored. Herein, we revealed that nZVI caused the drastic increase of intracellular iron concentrations, which subsequently catalyzed the Haber-Weiss reaction to produce high levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and inactivated E. coli cells by oxidative damage of DNA, evidenced by the significantly higher inactivation efficiencies of E. coli mutant strains deficient in iron uptake regulation and DNA repair than the parental strain. The intracellular iron levels, endogenous ROSs levels and the inactivation efficiencies of E. coli were positively correlated. The permeabilized cytomembrane due to the close contact between nZVI and E. coli was responsible for the iron overload. This work demonstrates experimentally for the first time that nZVI causes iron overload and endogenous oxidative stress to inactivate E. coli, thus deepening our knowledge of the nZVI antimicrobial mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Liao
- Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cavazza C, Collin-Faure V, Pérard J, Diemer H, Cianférani S, Rabilloud T, Darrouzet E. Proteomic analysis of Rhodospirillum rubrum after carbon monoxide exposure reveals an important effect on metallic cofactor biosynthesis. J Proteomics 2022; 250:104389. [PMID: 34601154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Some carboxydotrophs like Rhodospirillum rubrum are able to grow with CO as their sole source of energy using a Carbone monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) and an Energy conserving hydrogenase (ECH) to perform anaerobically the so called water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) (CO + H2O → CO2 + H2). Several studies have focused at the biochemical and biophysical level on this enzymatic system and a few OMICS studies on CO metabolism. Knowing that CO is toxic in particular due to its binding to heme iron atoms, and is even considered as a potential antibacterial agent, we decided to use a proteomic approach in order to analyze R. rubrum adaptation in term of metabolism and management of the toxic effect. In particular, this study allowed highlighting a set of proteins likely implicated in ECH maturation, and important perturbations in term of cofactor biosynthesis, especially metallic cofactors. This shows that even this CO tolerant microorganism cannot avoid completely CO toxic effects associated with its interaction with metallic ions. SIGNIFICANCE: This proteomic study highlights the fact that even in a microorganism able to handle carbon monoxide and in some way detoxifying it via the intrinsic action of the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), CO has important effects on metal homeostasis, metal cofactors and metalloproteins. These effects are direct or indirect via transcription regulation, and amplified by the high interdependency of cofactors biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cavazza
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Julien Pérard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 (CNRS-CEA), 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 (CNRS-CEA), 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muranishi K, Ishimori K, Uchida T. Regulation of the expression of the nickel uptake system in Vibrio cholerae by iron and heme via ferric uptake regulator (Fur). J Inorg Biochem 2022; 228:111713. [PMID: 35032924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fur (ferric uptake regulator) is a transcription factor that regulates expression of downstream genes containing a specific Fe2+-binding sequence called the Fur box. In Vibrio cholerae, a Fur box is located upstream of the nik operon, which is responsible for nickel uptake, suggesting that its expression is regulated by Fur. However, there are no reports that Ni2+ induces expression of Fur box genes. Accordingly, we here investigated whether Ni2+ or Fe2+ binds to Fur to regulate expression of the nik operon. We found that Fur binds to the Fur box in the presence of Fe2+ with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.2 μM, whereas only non-specific binding was observed in the presence of Ni2+. Thus, Fur-mediated expression of the nik operon is dependent on Fe2+, but not Ni2+. Since most iron in cells exists as heme, we examined the effect of heme on the Fur box binding activity of V. cholerae Fur (VcFur). Addition of heme to the VcFur-Fur box complex induced dissociation of VcFur from the Fur box, indicating that expression of the V. cholerae nik operon is regulated by both iron and heme. Furthermore, VCA1098, a nik operon-encoded protein, bound heme with a Kd of 1.3 μM. Collectively, our results suggest that the V. cholerae nik operon is involved not only in nickel uptake but also in heme uptake, and depends on iron and heme concentrations within bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Muranishi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ishimori
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchida
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian S, Fan R, Albert T, Khade RL, Dai H, Harnden KA, Hosseinzadeh P, Liu J, Nilges MJ, Zhang Y, Moënne-Loccoz P, Guo Y, Lu Y. Stepwise nitrosylation of the nonheme iron site in an engineered azurin and a molecular basis for nitric oxide signaling mediated by nonheme iron proteins. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6569-6579. [PMID: 34040732 PMCID: PMC8132939 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mononitrosyl and dinitrosyl iron species, such as {FeNO}7, {FeNO}8 and {Fe(NO)2}9, have been proposed to play pivotal roles in the nitrosylation processes of nonheme iron centers in biological systems. Despite their importance, it has been difficult to capture and characterize them in the same scaffold of either native enzymes or their synthetic analogs due to the distinct structural requirements of the three species, using redox reagents compatible with biomolecules under physiological conditions. Here, we report the realization of stepwise nitrosylation of a mononuclear nonheme iron site in an engineered azurin under such conditions. Through tuning the number of nitric oxide equivalents and reaction time, controlled formation of {FeNO}7 and {Fe(NO)2}9 species was achieved, and the elusive {FeNO}8 species was inferred by EPR spectroscopy and observed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, with complemental evidence for the conversion of {FeNO}7 to {Fe(NO)2}9 species by UV-Vis, resonance Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies. The entire pathway of the nitrosylation process, Fe(ii) → {FeNO}7 → {FeNO}8 → {Fe(NO)2}9, has been elucidated within the same protein scaffold based on spectroscopic characterization and DFT calculations. These results not only enhance the understanding of the dinitrosyl iron complex formation process, but also shed light on the physiological roles of nitric oxide signaling mediated by nonheme iron proteins. Stepwise nitrosylation from Fe(ii) to {FeNO}7, {FeNO}8 and then to {Fe(NO)2}9 is reported for the first time in the same protein scaffold, providing deeper understanding of the detailed mechanism of dinitrosyl iron complex formation.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical Sciences Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana IL USA +1-217-333-2619
| | - Ruixi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA USA +1-412-268-1061 +1-412-268-1704
| | - Therese Albert
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road Portland OR USA +1-503-346-3429
| | - Rahul L Khade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology 1 Castle Point Terrace Hoboken NJ USA +1-201-216-8240 +1-201-216-5513
| | - Huiguang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical Sciences Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana IL USA +1-217-333-2619
| | - Kevin A Harnden
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical Sciences Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana IL USA +1-217-333-2619
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical Sciences Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana IL USA +1-217-333-2619
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical Sciences Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana IL USA +1-217-333-2619
| | - Mark J Nilges
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical Sciences Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana IL USA +1-217-333-2619
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology 1 Castle Point Terrace Hoboken NJ USA +1-201-216-8240 +1-201-216-5513
| | - Pierre Moënne-Loccoz
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road Portland OR USA +1-503-346-3429
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA USA +1-412-268-1061 +1-412-268-1704
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical Sciences Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana IL USA +1-217-333-2619
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lill R. Do FeS clusters rule bacterial iron regulation? J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15464-15465. [PMID: 33188081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.h120.016190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, the bacterial ferric uptake regulator (Fur) has been thought to respond to ferrous iron to transcriptionally regulate genes required for balancing iron uptake, storage, and utilization. Because iron binding to Fur has never been confirmed in vivo, the physiological iron-sensing mechanism remains an open question. Fontenot et al. now show that Fur purified from Escherichia coli binds an all-Cys-coordinated [2Fe-2S] cluster. This finding opens the exciting possibility that Fur may join numerous well-studied bacterial, fungal, and mammalian proteins that use FeS clusters for cellular iron regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fontenot CR, Tasnim H, Valdes KA, Popescu CV, Ding H. Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) reversibly binds a [2Fe-2S] cluster to sense intracellular iron homeostasis in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15454-15463. [PMID: 32928958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a global transcription factor that regulates intracellular iron homeostasis in bacteria. The current hypothesis states that when the intracellular "free" iron concentration is elevated, Fur binds ferrous iron, and the iron-bound Fur represses the genes encoding for iron uptake systems and stimulates the genes encoding for iron storage proteins. However, the "iron-bound" Fur has never been isolated from any bacteria. Here we report that the Escherichia coli Fur has a bright red color when expressed in E. coli mutant cells containing an elevated intracellular free iron content because of deletion of the iron-sulfur cluster assembly proteins IscA and SufA. The acid-labile iron and sulfide content analyses in conjunction with the EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements and the site-directed mutagenesis studies show that the red Fur protein binds a [2Fe-2S] cluster via conserved cysteine residues. The occupancy of the [2Fe-2S] cluster in Fur protein is ∼31% in the E. coli iscA/sufA mutant cells and is decreased to ∼4% in WT E. coli cells. Depletion of the intracellular free iron content using the membrane-permeable iron chelator 2,2´-dipyridyl effectively removes the [2Fe-2S] cluster from Fur in E. coli cells, suggesting that Fur senses the intracellular free iron content via reversible binding of a [2Fe-2S] cluster. The binding of the [2Fe-2S] cluster in Fur appears to be highly conserved, because the Fur homolog from Hemophilus influenzae expressed in E. coli cells also reversibly binds a [2Fe-2S] cluster to sense intracellular iron homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey R Fontenot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Homyra Tasnim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kathryn A Valdes
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Codrina V Popescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Huangen Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y. Computational Investigations of Heme Carbenes and Heme Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13231-13247. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Stevens Institute of Technology 1 Castle Point on Hudson Hoboken NJ 07030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Silica-Induced Protein (Sip) in Thermophilic Bacterium Thermus thermophilus Responds to Low Iron Availability. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3198-3207. [PMID: 26994077 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04027-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thermus thermophilus HB8 expresses silica-induced protein (Sip) when cultured in medium containing supersaturated silicic acids. Using genomic information, Sip was identified as a Fe(3+)-binding ABC transporter. Detection of a 1-kb hybridized band in Northern analysis revealed that sip transcription is monocistronic and that sip has its own terminator and promoter. The sequence of the sip promoter showed homology with that of the σ(A)-dependent promoter, which is known as a housekeeping promoter in HB8. Considering that sip is transcribed when supersaturated silicic acids are added, the existence of a repressor is presumed. DNA microarray analysis suggested that supersaturated silicic acids and iron deficiency affect Thermus cells similarly, and enhanced sip transcription was detected under both conditions. This suggested that sip transcription was initiated by iron deficiency and that the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) controlled the transcription. Three Fur gene homologues (TTHA0255, TTHA0344, and TTHA1292) have been annotated in the HB8 genome, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the TTHA0344 product interacts with the sip promoter region. In medium containing supersaturated silicic acids, free Fe(3+) levels were decreased due to Fe(3+) immobilization on colloidal silica. This suggests that, because Fe(3+) ions are captured by colloidal silica in geothermal water, Thermus cells are continuously exposed to the risk of iron deficiency. Considering that Sip is involved in iron acquisition, Sip production may be a strategy to survive under conditions of low iron availability in geothermal water. IMPORTANCE The thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB8 produces silica-induced protein (Sip) in the presence of supersaturated silicic acids. Sip has homology with iron-binding ABC transporter; however, the mechanism by which Sip expression is induced by silicic acids remains unexplained. We demonstrate that Sip captures iron and its transcription is regulated by the repressor ferric uptake regulator (Fur). This implies that Sip is expressed with iron deficiency. In addition, it is suggested that negatively charged colloidal silica in supersaturated solution absorbs Fe(3+) ions and decreases iron availability. Considering that geothermal water contains ample silicic acids, it is suggested that thermophilic bacteria are always facing iron starvation. Sip production may be a strategy for surviving under conditions of low iron availability in geothermal water.
Collapse
|
10
|
Botello-Morte L, Pellicer S, Sein-Echaluce VC, Contreras LM, Neira JL, Abián O, Velázquez-Campoy A, Peleato ML, Fillat MF, Bes MT. Cysteine Mutational Studies Provide Insight into a Thiol-Based Redox Switch Mechanism of Metal and DNA Binding in FurA from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:173-185. [PMID: 26414804 PMCID: PMC4744886 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is the main transcriptional regulator of genes involved in iron homeostasis in most prokaryotes. FurA from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 contains five cysteine residues, four of them arranged in two redox-active CXXC motifs. The protein needs not only metal but also reducing conditions to remain fully active in vitro. Through a mutational study of the cysteine residues present in FurA, we have investigated their involvement in metal and DNA binding. RESULTS Residue C101 that belongs to a conserved CXXC motif plays an essential role in both metal and DNA binding activities in vitro. Substitution of C101 by serine impairs DNA and metal binding abilities of FurA. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements show that the redox state of C101 is responsible for the protein ability to coordinate the metal corepressor. Moreover, the redox state of C101 varies with the presence or absence of C104 or C133, suggesting that the environments of these cysteines are mutually interdependent. INNOVATION We propose that C101 is part of a thiol/disulfide redox switch that determines FurA ability to bind the metal corepressor. CONCLUSION This mechanism supports a novel feature of a Fur protein that emerges as a regulator, which connects the response to changes in the intracellular redox state and iron management in cyanobacteria. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Botello-Morte
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain .,2 Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Associated Unit to IQRS-CSIC, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellicer
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain .,2 Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Associated Unit to IQRS-CSIC, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Violeta C Sein-Echaluce
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain .,2 Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Associated Unit to IQRS-CSIC, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lellys M Contreras
- 3 Institut of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche , Elche, Spain
| | - José Luis Neira
- 2 Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Associated Unit to IQRS-CSIC, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain .,3 Institut of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche , Elche, Spain
| | - Olga Abián
- 2 Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Associated Unit to IQRS-CSIC, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain .,4 IIS Aragon-Aragon Health Science Institute (IACS) and Networked Biomedical Research Center of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd) , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián Velázquez-Campoy
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain .,2 Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Associated Unit to IQRS-CSIC, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain .,5 ARAID Foundation , Government of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Luisa Peleato
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain .,2 Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Associated Unit to IQRS-CSIC, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María F Fillat
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain .,2 Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Associated Unit to IQRS-CSIC, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Bes
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain .,2 Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)-Associated Unit to IQRS-CSIC, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deng Z, Wang Q, Liu Z, Zhang M, Machado ACD, Chiu TP, Feng C, Zhang Q, Yu L, Qi L, Zheng J, Wang X, Huo X, Qi X, Li X, Wu W, Rohs R, Li Y, Chen Z. Mechanistic insights into metal ion activation and operator recognition by the ferric uptake regulator. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7642. [PMID: 26134419 PMCID: PMC4506495 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) plays a key role in the iron homeostasis of prokaryotes, such as bacterial pathogens, but the molecular mechanisms and structural basis of Fur-DNA binding remain incompletely understood. Here, we report high-resolution structures of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 Fur in four different states: apo-Fur, holo-Fur, the Fur-feoAB1 operator complex and the Fur-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fur box complex. Apo-Fur is a transition metal ion-independent dimer whose binding induces profound conformational changes and confers DNA-binding ability. Structural characterization, mutagenesis, biochemistry and in vivo data reveal that Fur recognizes DNA by using a combination of base readout through direct contacts in the major groove and shape readout through recognition of the minor-groove electrostatic potential by lysine. The resulting conformational plasticity enables Fur binding to diverse substrates. Our results provide insights into metal ion activation and substrate recognition by Fur that suggest pathways to engineer magnetotactic bacteria and antipathogenic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengqin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Manfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ana Carolina Dantas Machado
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Physics, and Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Tsu-Pei Chiu
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Physics, and Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Chong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangge Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - XinMei Huo
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Remo Rohs
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Physics, and Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molecular characterization of a homolog of the ferric-uptake regulator, Fur, from the marine bacterium Marinobacter algicola DG893. Biometals 2014; 28:197-206. [PMID: 25528647 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Full length recombinant iron regulatory protein, Fur, has been isolated and characterized from the algal-associated marine bacterium Marinobacter algicola DG893. Under nondenaturing conditions the Fur protein behaves on size exclusion chromatography as a dimer while it is monomeric under SDS PAGE conditions. ICP-MS and fluorescence quenching experiments show that Mb-Fur binds a single metal ion (Zn, Mn, or Co) per monomer. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to probe the interaction of Mb-Fur with the purported Fur box in the promoter region upstream of the vibrioferrin biosynthetic operon. Interaction of Mb-Fur with a 100 bp DNA fragment containing the Fur box in the presence of 10 µM Mn, Co or Zn(II) resulted in decreased migration of DNA on a 7.5% polyacrylamide gel. In the absence of the Fur protein or the metal, no interaction is seen. The presence of EDTA in the binding, loading or running buffers also abolished all activity demonstrating the importance of the metal in formation of the promoter-repressor complex. Based on a high degree of similarity between Mb-Fur and its homolog from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) whose X-ray structure is known we developed a structural model for the former which suggested that only one of the several metal binding sites found in other Fur's would be functional. This is consistent with the single metal binding stoichiometry we observed. Since the purported metal binding site was one that has been described as "structural" rather than "functional" in PA and yet the monometallic Mb-Fur retains DNA Fur box binding ability it reopens the question of which site is which, or if different species have adapted the sites for different purposes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Khade RL, Fan W, Ling Y, Yang L, Oldfield E, Zhang Y. Iron porphyrin carbenes as catalytic intermediates: structures, Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopic properties, and bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7574-8. [PMID: 24910004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Iron porphyrin carbenes (IPCs) are thought to be intermediates involved in the metabolism of various xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, as well as in chemical reactions catalyzed by metalloporphyrins and engineered P450s. While early work proposed IPCs to contain Fe(II), more recent work invokes a double-bond description of the iron-carbon bond, similar to that found in Fe(IV) porphyrin oxenes. Reported herein is the first quantum chemical investigation of IPC Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopic properties, as well as their electronic structures, together with comparisons to ferrous heme proteins and an Fe(IV) oxene model. The results provide the first accurate predictions of the experimental spectroscopic observables as well as the first theoretical explanation of their electrophilic nature, as deduced from experiment. The preferred resonance structure is Fe(II)←{:C(X)Y}(0) and not Fe(IV)={C(X)Y}(2-), a result that will facilitate research on IPC reactivities in various chemical and biochemical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul L Khade
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical, Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khade RL, Fan W, Ling Y, Yang L, Oldfield E, Zhang Y. Iron Porphyrin Carbenes as Catalytic Intermediates: Structures, Mössbauer and NMR Spectroscopic Properties, and Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Fillat MF. The FUR (ferric uptake regulator) superfamily: diversity and versatility of key transcriptional regulators. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 546:41-52. [PMID: 24513162 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Control of metal homeostasis is essential for life in all kingdoms. In most prokaryotic organisms the FUR (ferric uptake regulator) family of transcriptional regulators is involved in the regulation of iron and zinc metabolism through control by Fur and Zur proteins. A third member of this family, the peroxide-stress response PerR, is present in most Gram-positives, establishing a tight functional interaction with the global regulator Fur. These proteins play a pivotal role for microbial survival under adverse conditions and in the expression of virulence in most pathogens. In this paper we present the current state of the art in the knowledge of the FUR family, including those members only present in more reduced numbers of bacteria, namely Mur, Nur and Irr. The huge amount of work done in the two last decades shows that FUR proteins present considerable diversity in their regulatory mechanisms and interesting structural differences. However, much work needs to be done to obtain a more complete picture of this family, especially in connection with the roles of some members as gas and redox sensors as well as to fully characterize their participation in bacterial adaptative responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María F Fillat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Parent A, Caux-Thang C, Signor L, Clémancey M, Sethu R, Blondin G, Maldivi P, Duarte V, Latour JM. Single Glutamate to Aspartate Mutation Makes Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur) as Sensitive to H2O2as Peroxide Resistance Regulator (PerR). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
Parent A, Caux-Thang C, Signor L, Clémancey M, Sethu R, Blondin G, Maldivi P, Duarte V, Latour JM. Single Glutamate to Aspartate Mutation Makes Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur) as Sensitive to H2O2as Peroxide Resistance Regulator (PerR). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10339-43. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|