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Wurst KM, Bender M, Lauth J, Maiti S, Chassé T, Meixner A, Siebbeles LDA, Bunz UHF, Braun K, Scheele M. Correlated, Dual-Beam Optical Gating in Coupled Organic-Inorganic Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai M. Wurst
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Institute of Chemistry; Physical Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Sonam Maiti
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Alfred Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Chemical Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Wurst KM, Bender M, Lauth J, Maiti S, Chassé T, Meixner A, Siebbeles LDA, Bunz UHF, Braun K, Scheele M. Correlated, Dual‐Beam Optical Gating in Coupled Organic–Inorganic Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11559-11563. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai M. Wurst
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Institute of ChemistryPhysical ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9–11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Sonam Maiti
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Alfred Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Wang R, Yan X, Yang X, Wang Y, Li H, Sheng C. Long Lived Photoexcitation Dynamics in π-Conjugated Polymer/PbS Quantum Dot Blended Films for Photovoltaic Application. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E352. [PMID: 30971029 PMCID: PMC6418649 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We used continuous wave photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy to investigate long-lived polarons in a blend of PbS quantum dot and regio-regular poly (3-hexylthiophene) (RR-P3HT). The charge transfer from RR-P3HT to PbS as well as from PbS to RR-P3HT were observed after changing the capping ligand of PbS from a long chain molecular to a short one. Therefore, PbS could be used to extend the working spectral range in hybrid solar cells with a proper capping ligand. However, we found that the recombination mechanism in the millisecond time region is dominated by the trap/defects in blended films, while it improves to a bimolecular recombination partially after ligand exchange. Our results suggest that passivating traps of nanocrystals by improving surface ligands will be crucial for relevant solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Wang
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Yan
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yuchen Wang
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Heng Li
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Chuanxiang Sheng
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Barrows CJ, Rinehart JD, Nagaoka H, deQuilettes DW, Salvador M, Chen JIL, Ginger DS, Gamelin DR. Electrical Detection of Quantum Dot Hot Electrons Generated via a Mn 2+-Enhanced Auger Process. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:126-130. [PMID: 27966967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An all-solid-state quantum-dot-based photon-to-current conversion device is demonstrated that selectively detects the generation of hot electrons. Photoexcitation of Mn2+-doped CdS quantum dots embedded in the device is followed by efficient picosecond energy transfer to Mn2+ with a long-lived (millisecond) excited-state lifetime. Electrons injected into the QDs under applied bias then capture this energy via Auger de-excitation, generating hot electrons that possess sufficient energy to escape over a ZnS blocking layer, thereby producing current. This electrically detected hot-electron generation is correlated with a quench in the steady-state Mn2+ luminescence and the introduction of a new nonradiative excited-state decay process, consistent with electron-dopant Auger cross-relaxation. The device's efficiency at detecting hot-electron generation provides a model platform for the study of hot-electron ionization relevant to the development of novel photodetectors and alternative energy-conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Barrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Rinehart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Hirokazu Nagaoka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Dane W deQuilettes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Michael Salvador
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Jennifer I L Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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Colbert AE, Jedlicka E, Wu W, Ginger DS. Subpicosecond Photon-Energy-Dependent Hole Transfer from PbS Quantum Dots to Conjugated Polymers. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5150-5155. [PMID: 27973888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We use transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy to study the origin of photon-energy dependent hole transfer yields in blends of PbS quantum dots with the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). We selectively excite only the quantum dots at two different wavelengths and measure the polymer ground state bleach resulting from the transfer of photoexcited holes. The higher photon-energy pump shows a greater prompt yield of hole transfer compared to the lower photon-energy excitation, on time scales sufficient to out-compete hot carrier cooling in lead chalcogenide quantum dots. We interpret the results as evidence that the excess energy of nonthermalized, or "hot," excitons resulting from higher photon-energy excitation allows more efficient charge transfer to the polymer in these systems. The data also demonstrate slow charge transfer rates, up to ∼1 ns, of the relaxed excitations on the PbS dots. These findings help to clarify the role of excess photon energy and carrier relaxation dynamics on free carrier generation in donor/acceptor solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Colbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Erin Jedlicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Wenbi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Simanta Kundu
- Department
of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amitava Patra
- Department
of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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ten Cate S, Sandeep CSS, Liu Y, Law M, Kinge S, Houtepen AJ, Schins JM, Siebbeles LDA. Generating free charges by carrier multiplication in quantum dots for highly efficient photovoltaics. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:174-81. [PMID: 25607377 DOI: 10.1021/ar500248g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: In a conventional photovoltaic device (solar cell or photodiode) photons are absorbed in a bulk semiconductor layer, leading to excitation of an electron from a valence band to a conduction band. Directly after photoexcitation, the hole in the valence band and the electron in the conduction band have excess energy given by the difference between the photon energy and the semiconductor band gap. In a bulk semiconductor, the initially hot charges rapidly lose their excess energy as heat. This heat loss is the main reason that the theoretical efficiency of a conventional solar cell is limited to the Shockley-Queisser limit of ∼33%. The efficiency of a photovoltaic device can be increased if the excess energy is utilized to excite additional electrons across the band gap. A sufficiently hot charge can produce an electron-hole pair by Coulomb scattering on a valence electron. This process of carrier multiplication (CM) leads to formation of two or more electron-hole pairs for the absorption of one photon. In bulk semiconductors such as silicon, the energetic threshold for CM is too high to be of practical use. However, CM in nanometer sized semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offers prospects for exploitation in photovoltaics. CM leads to formation of two or more electron-hole pairs that are initially in close proximity. For photovoltaic applications, these charges must escape from recombination. This Account outlines our recent progress in the generation of free mobile charges that result from CM in QDs. Studies of charge carrier photogeneration and mobility were carried out using (ultrafast) time-resolved laser techniques with optical or ac conductivity detection. We found that charges can be extracted from photoexcited PbS QDs by bringing them into contact with organic electron and hole accepting materials. However, charge localization on the QD produces a strong Coulomb attraction to its counter charge in the organic material. This limits the production of free charges that can contribute to the photocurrent in a device. We show that free mobile charges can be efficiently produced via CM in solids of strongly coupled PbSe QDs. Strong electronic coupling between the QDs resulted in a charge carrier mobility of the order of 1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). This mobility is sufficiently high so that virtually all electron-hole pairs escape from recombination. The impact of temperature on the CM efficiency in PbSe QD solids was also studied. We inferred that temperature has no observable effect on the rate of cooling of hot charges nor on the CM rate. We conclude that exploitation of CM requires that charges have sufficiently high mobility to escape from recombination. The contribution of CM to the efficiency of photovoltaic devices can be further enhanced by an increase of the CM efficiency above the energetic threshold of twice the band gap. For large-scale applications in photovoltaic devices, it is important to develop abundant and nontoxic materials that exhibit efficient CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren ten Cate
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - C. S. Suchand Sandeep
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Matt Law
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sachin Kinge
- Toyota Motor Europe, Functional Nanomaterials Lab, Advanced Technology, Hoge Wei 33, B-1930 Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Juleon M. Schins
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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Singhal P, Ghosh HN. Hot-Hole Extraction from Quantum Dot to Molecular Adsorbate. Chemistry 2015; 21:4405-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bhattacharyya S, Patra A. Interactions of π-conjugated polymers with inorganic nanocrystals. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Chen M, Shao L, Kershaw SV, Yu H, Wang J, Rogach AL, Zhao N. Photocurrent enhancement of HgTe quantum dot photodiodes by plasmonic gold nanorod structures. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8208-16. [PMID: 25020202 DOI: 10.1021/nn502510u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The near-field effects of noble metal nanoparticles can be utilized to enhance the performance of inorganic/organic photosensing devices, such as solar cells and photodetectors. In this work, we developed a well-controlled fabrication strategy to incorporate Au nanostructures into HgTe quantum dot (QD)/ZnO heterojunction photodiode photodetectors. Through an electrostatic immobilization and dry transfer protocol, a layer of Au nanorods with uniform distribution and controllable density is embedded at different depths in the ZnO layer for systematic comparison. More than 80 and 240% increments of average short-circuit current density (Jsc) are observed in the devices with Au nanorods covered by ∼7.5 and ∼4.5 nm ZnO layers, respectively. A periodic finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation model is developed to analyze the depth-dependent property and confirm the mechanism of plasmon-enhanced light absorption in the QD layer. The wavelength-dependent external quantum efficiency spectra suggest that the exciton dissociation and charge extraction efficiencies are also enhanced by the Au nanorods, likely due to local electric field effects. The photodetection performance of the photodiodes is characterized, and the results show that the plasmonic structure improves the overall infrared detectivity of the HgTe QD photodetectors without affecting their temporal response. Our fabrication strategy and theoretical and experimental findings provide useful insight into the applications of metal nanostructures to enhance the performance of organic/inorganic hybrid optoelectronic devices.
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Wang Y, Liu K, Mukherjee P, Hines DA, Santra P, Shen HY, Kamat P, Waldeck DH. Driving charge separation for hybrid solar cells: photo-induced hole transfer in conjugated copolymer and semiconductor nanoparticle assemblies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:5066-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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