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Kilian AS, Abreu GJP, de Siervo A, Landers R, Morais J. Evidencing the formation of Pt nano-islands on Cr2O3/Ag(111). CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01628h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports on a comprehensive surface atomic structure investigation on the Pt/Cr2O3/Ag(111) model catalyst. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was applied to achieve the Pt/Cr2O3 model system and in...
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Abstract
This is a Review of recent studies on surface structures of crystalline materials in the presence of gases in the mTorr to atmospheric pressure range, which brings surface science into a brand new direction. Surface structure is not only a property of the material but also depends on the environment surrounding it. This Review emphasizes that high/ambient pressure goes hand-in-hand with ambient temperature, because weakly interacting species can be densely covering surfaces at room temperature only when in equilibrium with a sufficiently high gas pressure. At the same time, ambient temperatures help overcome activation barriers that impede diffusion and reactions. Even species with weak binding energy can have residence lifetimes on the surface that allow them to trigger reconstructions of the atomic structure. The consequences of this are far from trivial because under ambient conditions the structure of the surface dynamically adapts to its environment and as a result completely new structures are often formed. This new era of surface science emerged and spread rapidly after the retooling of characterization techniques that happened in the last two decades. This Review is focused on the new surface structures enabled particularly by one of the new tools: high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy. We will cover several important surfaces that have been intensely scrutinized, including transition metals, oxides, and alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Salmeron
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Baran Eren
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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The Effect of Shape-Controlled Pt and Pd Nanoparticles on Selective Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Trichloroethylene. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring the shape of nanoscale materials enables obtaining morphology-controlled surfaces exhibiting specific interactions with reactants during catalytic reactions. The specifics of nanoparticle surfaces control the catalytic performance, i.e., activity and selectivity. In this study, shape-controlled Platinum (Pt) and Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles with distinct morphology were produced, i.e., cubes and cuboctahedra for Pt and spheres and polyhedra/multiple-twins for Pd, with (100), (111 + 100), curved/stepped and (111) facets, respectively. These particles with well-tuned surfaces were subsequently deposited on a Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) support. The morphological characteristics of the particles were determined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while their adsorption properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of CO adsorbed at room temperature. The effect of the nanoparticle shape and surface structure on the catalytic performance in hydrodechlorination (HDCl) of trichloroethylene (TCE) was examined. The results show that nanoparticles with different surface orientations can be employed to affect selectivity, with polyhedral and multiply-twinned Pd exhibiting the best ethylene selectivity.
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Revealing the structure of a catalytic combustion active-site ensemble combining uniform nanocrystal catalysts and theory insights. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14721-14729. [PMID: 32554500 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002342117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported metal catalysts are extensively used in industrial and environmental applications. To improve their performance, it is crucial to identify the most active sites. This identification is, however, made challenging by the presence of a large number of potential surface structures that complicate such an assignment. Often, the active site is formed by an ensemble of atoms, thus introducing further complications in its identification. Being able to produce uniform structures and identify the ones that are responsible for the catalyst performance is a crucial goal. In this work, we utilize a combination of uniform Pd/Pt nanocrystal catalysts and theory to reveal the catalytic active-site ensemble in highly active propene combustion materials. Using colloidal chemistry to exquisitely control nanoparticle size, we find that intrinsic rates for propene combustion in the presence of water increase monotonically with particle size on Pt-rich catalysts, suggesting that the reaction is structure dependent. We also reveal that water has a near-zero or mildly positive reaction rate order over Pd/Pt catalysts. Theory insights allow us to determine that the interaction of water with extended terraces present in large particles leads to the formation of step sites on metallic surfaces. These specific step-edge sites are responsible for the efficient combustion of propene at low temperature. This work reveals an elusive geometric ensemble, thus clearly identifying the active site in alkene combustion catalysts. These insights demonstrate how the combination of uniform catalysts and theory can provide a much deeper understanding of active-site geometry for many applications.
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Zhang H, Sun H, Shen K, Hu J, Hu J, Jiang Z, Song F. Recent Progress with In Situ Characterization of Interfacial Structures under a Solid-Gas Atmosphere by HP-STM and AP-XPS. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223674. [PMID: 31703436 PMCID: PMC6888168 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
: Surface science is an interdisciplinary field involving various subjects such as physics, chemistry, materials, biology and so on, and it plays an increasingly momentous role in both fundamental research and industrial applications. Despite the encouraging progress in characterizing surface/interface nanostructures with atomic and orbital precision under ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) conditions, investigating in situ reactions/processes occurring at the surface/interface under operando conditions becomes a crucial challenge in the field of surface catalysis and surface electrochemistry. Promoted by such pressing demands, high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy (HP-STM) and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS), for example, have been designed to conduct measurements under operando conditions on the basis of conventional scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and photoemission spectroscopy, which are proving to become powerful techniques to study various heterogeneous catalytic reactions on the surface. This report reviews the development of HP-STM and AP-XPS facilities and the application of HP-STM and AP-XPS on fine investigations of heterogeneous catalytic reactions via evolutions of both surface morphology and electronic structures, including dehydrogenation, CO oxidation on metal-based substrates, and so on. In the end, a perspective is also given regarding the combination of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and STM towards the identification of the structure-performance relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101000, China
| | - Haoliang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101000, China
| | - Kongchao Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101000, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101000, China
| | - Jinbang Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101000, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.Z.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (J.H.); (Z.J.)
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
- Correspondence:
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McCrum IT, Bondue CJ, Koper MTM. Hydrogen-Induced Step-Edge Roughening of Platinum Electrode Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6842-6849. [PMID: 31618039 PMCID: PMC6844181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrode surfaces may change their surface structure as a result of the adsorption of chemical species, impacting their catalytic activity. Using density functional theory, we find that the strong adsorption of hydrogen at low electrode potentials promotes the thermodynamics and kinetics of a unique type of roughening of 110-type Pt step edges. This change in surface structure causes the appearance of the so-called "third hydrogen peak" in voltammograms measured on Pt electrodes, an observation that has eluded explanation for over 50 years. Understanding this roughening process is important for structure-sensitive (electro)catalysis and the development of active and stable catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T. McCrum
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph J. Bondue
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Nguyen L, Tao FF, Tang Y, Dou J, Bao XJ. Understanding Catalyst Surfaces during Catalysis through Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6822-6905. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Nguyen
- Institute of In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalysis and State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment and College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Institute of In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalysis and State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment and College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Yu Tang
- Institute of In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalysis and State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment and College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Xiao-Jun Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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Li X, Roiaz M, Pramhaas V, Rameshan C, Rupprechter G. Polarization-Dependent SFG Spectroscopy of Near Ambient Pressure CO Adsorption on Pt(111) and Pd(111) Revisited. Top Catal 2018; 61:751-762. [PMID: 29950796 PMCID: PMC6010505 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polarization-dependent sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was employed to examine CO overlayers on Pt(111) and Pd(111) single crystal surfaces at room temperature. Utilizing different polarization combinations (SSP and PPP) of the visible and SFG light allows to determine the molecular orientation (tilt angle) of interface molecules but the analysis of the measured \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$I_{\text{ppp}}/I_{\text{ssp}}$$\end{document}Ippp/Issp is involved and requires a proper optical interface model. For CO/Pt(111), the hyperpolarizability ratio \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\left( {R={\beta _{aac}}/{\beta _{ccc}}={\beta _{bbc}}/{\beta _{ccc}}} \right)$$\end{document}R=βaac/βccc=βbbc/βccc is not exactly known and varying R in the range 0.1–0.5 yields tilt angles of 40°–0°, respectively. Based on the known perpendicular adsorption of CO on Pt, an exact R-value of 0.49 was determined. Polarization-dependent SFG spectra in the pressure range 10−4 to 36 mbar did not indicate any change of the tilt angle of adsorbed CO. Modeling also indicated a strong dependence of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${I_{{\text{ppp}}}}/{I_{{\text{ssp}}}}$$\end{document}Ippp/Issp on the incidence angles of visible and IR laser beams. Complementing previous low temperature/low pressure data, room temperature CO adsorption on Pd(111) was examined from 10−6 to 250 mbar. The absolute PPP and SSP spectral intensities on Pt and Pd were simulated, as well as the expected \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${I_{{\text{ppp}}}}/{I_{{\text{ssp}}}}$$\end{document}Ippp/Issp ratios. Although CO on Pt and Pd should exhibit similar intensities (at high CO coverage), the higher \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${I_{{\text{ppp}}}}/{I_{{\text{ssp}}}}$$\end{document}Ippp/Issp ratio for Pd (48 vs. 27 on Pt) renders the detection of adsorbed CO in SSP spectra difficult. The presence or absence of CO species in SSP spectra can thus not simply be correlated to tilted or perpendicular CO molecules, respectively. Careful modeling, including not only molecular and interface properties, but also the experimental configuration (incidence angles), is certainly required even for seemingly simple adsorbate–substrate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Roiaz
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pramhaas
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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van Spronsen MA, Frenken JWM, Groot IMN. Surface science under reaction conditions: CO oxidation on Pt and Pd model catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4347-4374. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Application of surface-science techniques, such as XPS, SXRD, STM, and IR spectroscopy under catalytic reactions conditions yield new structural and chemical information. Recent experiments focusing on CO oxidation over Pt and Pd model catalysts were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joost W. M. Frenken
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography
- 1090 BA Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Irene M. N. Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
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Wu CH, Eren B, Salmeron MB. Structure and Dynamics of Reactant Coadsorption on Single Crystal Model Catalysts by HP-STM and AP-XPS: A Mini Review. Top Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-015-0527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Devivaraprasad R, Kar T, Chakraborty A, Singh RK, Neergat M. Reconstruction and dissolution of shape-controlled Pt nanoparticles in acidic electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11220-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07832f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction and dissolution of shape-controlled Pt nanoparticles in acidic electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruttala Devivaraprasad
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)
- Powai, Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Tathagata Kar
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)
- Powai, Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Arup Chakraborty
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)
- Powai, Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)
- Powai, Mumbai-400076
- India
| | - Manoj Neergat
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)
- Powai, Mumbai-400076
- India
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