1
|
Cha H. Efficient Hole Transfer from a Twisted Perylenediimide Acceptor to a Conjugated Polymer in Organic Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:737. [PMID: 36676474 PMCID: PMC9866189 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors have recently attracted tremendous interest due to their potential as alternatives to fullerene derivatives in bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Nevertheless, physical understanding of charge carrier generation and transfer mechanism that occurred at the interface between the non-fullerene molecule and donor polymer is still behind their enhanced photovoltaic performance. Here we report examples of a non-planar perylene dimer (TP) as an electron acceptor and achieve a power conversion efficiency of 6.29% in a fullerene-free solar cell. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show high quenching efficiency driven by the excitons of both conjugated polymer and TP molecule, respectively, indicating efficient electron and hole transfer, which can support a highly intermixed phase of blends measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing incident wide-angle X-ray diffraction (GIWAXS). Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TAS) reveals that the fast exciton dissociation process from TP molecule to donor polymer contributes to additionally increasing current density, leading to stronger incident photon to current efficiency in the visible region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Cha
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeiske S, Sandberg OJ, Kurpiers J, Shoaee S, Meredith P, Armin A. Probing Charge Generation Efficiency in Thin-Film Solar Cells by Integral-Mode Transient Charge Extraction. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:1188-1195. [PMID: 35571262 PMCID: PMC9097587 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photogeneration of free charges in light-harvesting devices is a multistep process, which can be challenging to probe due to the complexity of contributing energetic states and the competitive character of different driving mechanisms. In this contribution, we advance a technique, integral-mode transient charge extraction (ITCE), to probe these processes in thin-film solar cells. ITCE combines capacitance measurements with the integral-mode time-of-flight method in the low intensity regime of sandwich-type thin-film devices and allows for the sensitive determination of photogenerated charge-carrier densities. We verify the theoretical framework of our method by drift-diffusion simulations and demonstrate the applicability of ITCE to organic and perovskite semiconductor-based thin-film solar cells. Furthermore, we examine the field dependence of charge generation efficiency and find our ITCE results to be in excellent agreement with those obtained via time-delayed collection field measurements conducted on the same devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zeiske
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar J. Sandberg
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jona Kurpiers
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics,
Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Safa Shoaee
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics,
Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Paul Meredith
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deutsch M, Wirsing S, Kaiser D, Fink RF, Tegeder P, Engels B. Geometry relaxation-mediated localization and delocalization of excitons in organic semiconductors: A quantum chemical study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0028943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Deutsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - D. Kaiser
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - R. F. Fink
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - P. Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomson CG, Lee AL, Vilela F. Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1495-1549. [PMID: 32647551 PMCID: PMC7323633 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergy between photocatalysis and continuous flow chemical reactors has shifted the paradigms of photochemistry, opening new avenues of research with safer and scalable processes that can be readily implemented in academia and industry. Current state-of-the-art photocatalysts are homogeneous transition metal complexes that have favourable photophysical properties, wide electrochemical redox potentials, and photostability. However, these photocatalysts present serious drawbacks, such as toxicity, limited availability, and the overall cost of rare transition metal elements. This reduces their long-term viability, especially at an industrial scale. Heterogeneous photocatalysts (HPCats) are an attractive alternative, as the requirement for the separation and purification is largely removed, but typically at the cost of efficiency. Flow chemical reactors can, to a large extent, mitigate the loss in efficiency through reactor designs that enhance mass transport and irradiation. Herein, we review some important developments of heterogeneous photocatalytic materials and their application in flow reactors for sustainable organic synthesis. Further, the application of continuous flow heterogeneous photocatalysis in environmental remediation is briefly discussed to present some interesting reactor designs that could be implemented to enhance organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Thomson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Vilela
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brook CP, DeWeerd N, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Structural and electronic effects in perfluorobenzylated perylenes. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
6
|
Single-strand and ladder-type polymeric acceptors based on regioisomerically-pure perylene diimides towards all-polymer solar cells. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
7
|
Shivanna R, Rajaram S, Narayan KS. Role of Charge-Transfer State in Perylene-Based Organic Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Shivanna
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 India
- Optoelectronics Group; Cavendish Laboratory; University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE; U.K
| | - Sridhar Rajaram
- International Centre for Materials Science; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 India
| | - K. S. Narayan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 India
- School of Advanced Materials; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hong J, Ha YH, Cha H, Kim R, Kim YJ, Park CE, Durrant JR, Kwon SK, An TK, Kim YH. All-Small-Molecule Solar Cells Incorporating NDI-Based Acceptors: Synthesis and Full Characterization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44667-44677. [PMID: 29235849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based small molecules were synthesized as nonfullerene acceptors and incorporated in all-small-molecule solar cells. Three NDI-based small molecules, NDICN-T, NDICN-BT, and NDICN-TVT, were designed with different linkers between two NDI units to induce the different conjugation length and modulate the geometric structures of the NDI dimers. The small NDI-based dimer electron acceptors with slip-stacked structures that facilitate π-π stacking interactions and/or hinder excessive aggregation exhibited different morphological behaviors, such as miscibility or crystallinity in bulk heterojunction blends with 7,7'-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole) (DTS-F) electron donors. The photovoltaic devices prepared with NDICN-TVT gave the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.01%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.75 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 7.10 mA cm-2, and a fill factor of 56.2%, whereas the DTS-F:NDICN-T and DTS-F:NDICN-BT devices provided PCEs of 1.81 and 0.13%, respectively. Studies of the charge-generation properties, charge-transfer dynamics, and charge-transport properties for understanding the structure-property relations revealed that DTS-F:NDICN-TVT blend films with well-developed domains and well-ordered crystalline structures performed well, whereas an excessive miscibility between DTS-F and NDICN-BT disrupted the crystallinity of the material and yielded a poor device performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Hong
- POSTECH Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Yu Jin Kim
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chan Eon Park
- POSTECH Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Tae Kyu An
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Department of IT Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation , Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tamai Y, Fan Y, Kim VO, Ziabrev K, Rao A, Barlow S, Marder SR, Friend RH, Menke SM. Ultrafast Long-Range Charge Separation in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12473-12481. [PMID: 29148715 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, long-range charge separation in polymer-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) enables electrons and holes to move beyond their Coulomb capture radius and overcome geminate recombination. Understanding the nature of charge generation and recombination mechanisms in efficient, nonfullerene-acceptor-based OSCs are critical to further improve device performance. Here we report charge dynamics in an OSC using a perylene diimide (PDI) dimer acceptor. We use transient absorption spectroscopy to track the time evolution of electroabsorption caused by the dipolar electric field generated between electron-hole pairs as they separate after ionization at the donor-acceptor interface. We show that charges separate rapidly (<1 ps) and that free charge carriers are generated very efficiently (∼90% quantum yield). However, in the PDI-based OSC, external charge extraction is impaired by faster nongeminate decay to the ground state and to lower-lying triplet states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Tamai
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yeli Fan
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Vincent O Kim
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kostiantyn Ziabrev
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Barlow
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - S Matthew Menke
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chistyakov AA, Zvaigzne MA, Nikitenko VR, Tameev AR, Martynov IL, Prezhdo OV. Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dot Solids for Photovoltaic Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4129-4139. [PMID: 28799772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD) solids represent a new type of condensed matter drawing high fundamental and applied interest. Quantum confinement in individual QDs, combined with macroscopic scale whole materials, leads to novel exciton and charge transfer features that are particularly relevant to optoelectronic applications. This Perspective discusses the structure of semiconductor QD solids, optical and spectral properties, charge carrier transport, and photovoltaic applications. The distance between adjacent nanoparticles and surface ligands influences greatly electrostatic interactions between QDs and, hence, charge and energy transfer. It is almost inevitable that QD solids exhibit energetic disorder that bears many similarities to disordered organic semiconductors, with charge and exciton transport described by the multiple trapping model. QD solids are synthesized at low cost from colloidal solutions by casting, spraying, and printing. A judicious selection of a layer sequence involving QDs with different size, composition, and ligands can be used to harvest sunlight over a wide spectral range, leading to inexpensive and efficient photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Chistyakov
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - M A Zvaigzne
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - V R Nikitenko
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A R Tameev
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 31-building 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - I L Martynov
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - O V Prezhdo
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Department of Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cha H, Wu J, Wadsworth A, Nagitta J, Limbu S, Pont S, Li Z, Searle J, Wyatt MF, Baran D, Kim JS, McCulloch I, Durrant JR. An Efficient, "Burn in" Free Organic Solar Cell Employing a Nonfullerene Electron Acceptor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701156. [PMID: 28657152 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of the efficiency, stability, and photophysics of organic solar cells employing poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3'″-di(2-octyldodecyl)-2,2';5',2″;5″,2'″-quaterthiophen-5,5'″-diyl)] (PffBT4T-2OD) as a donor polymer blended with either the nonfullerene acceptor EH-IDTBR or the fullerene derivative, [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71 BM) as electron acceptors is reported. Inverted PffBT4T-2OD:EH-IDTBR blend solar cell fabricated without any processing additive achieves power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 9.5 ± 0.2%. The devices exhibit a high open circuit voltage of 1.08 ± 0.01 V, attributed to the high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of EH-IDTBR. Photoluminescence quenching and transient absorption data are employed to elucidate the ultrafast kinetics and efficiencies of charge separation in both blends, with PffBT4T-2OD exciton diffusion kinetics within polymer domains, and geminate recombination losses following exciton separation being identified as key factors determining the efficiency of photocurrent generation. Remarkably, while encapsulated PffBT4T-2OD:PC71 BM solar cells show significant efficiency loss under simulated solar irradiation ("burn in" degradation) due to the trap-assisted recombination through increased photoinduced trap states, PffBT4T-2OD:EH-IDTBR solar cell shows negligible burn in efficiency loss. Furthermore, PffBT4T-2OD:EH-IDTBR solar cells are found to be substantially more stable under 85 °C thermal stress than PffBT4T-2OD:PC71 BM devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jade Nagitta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Saurav Limbu
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sebastian Pont
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhe Li
- SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Baglan Bay Innovation Centre, Port Talbot, Swansea, SA12 7AX, UK
| | - Justin Searle
- SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Baglan Bay Innovation Centre, Port Talbot, Swansea, SA12 7AX, UK
| | - Mark F Wyatt
- EPSRC UK National Mass Spectrometry Facility (NMSF), Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Derya Baran
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Baglan Bay Innovation Centre, Port Talbot, Swansea, SA12 7AX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang J, Peng J, Liu X, Liang Z. Efficient and Stable Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Two Planar Nonfullerene Acceptors with Tunable Crystallinity and Phase Miscibility. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20704-20710. [PMID: 28570073 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Planar perylene diimides (PDIs), when used as nonfullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics, are constrained by their large π-aggregation in solid state. To tackle this issue, another planar nonfullerene acceptor 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITIC) with weak crystallinity and near-infrared light absorption is introduced into the PTB7-Th:PDI binary blend to fabricate efficient and stable ternary solar cells. We have finely tuned the PDI/ITIC weight ratio to investigate the influences of individual ITIC and PDI on the optical, electronic, and morphological properties of the PTB7-Th:ITIC:PDI ternary blend. Compared to the binary blend, complementary optical absorption is achieved in all ternary blends. More importantly, it is found that ITIC plays a critical role on largely suppressing the PDI aggregates in the PTB7-Th:PDI blend, while PDI aids to form an interpenetrating network morphology to facilitate charge transport in the PTB7-Th:ITIC blend. Consequently, when the PDI/ITIC ratio is 3:7 (w/w), the PTB7-Th:ITIC:PDI based inverted solar cells exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency of 8.64% due to their favorable out-of-plane π-π stacking, finest phase-separation morphology, and highest charge mobility. Remarkably, the optimal cells that are solution-processed in air show the promising efficiency of 7.09%, suggesting good ambient stability of such ternary solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park HJ, Kim MJ, Park JB, Kang IN, Yoon UC, Hwang DH. New 1,7-Disubstituted Perylenediimides as Molecular Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hea Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Baek Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department of Chemistry; The Catholic University of Korea; Gyeonggi-do 420-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Chan Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zarrabi N, Burn PL, Meredith P, Shaw PE. Acceptor and Excitation Density Dependence of the Ultrafast Polaron Absorption Signal in Donor-Acceptor Organic Solar Cell Blends. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2640-2646. [PMID: 27355877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transient absorption spectroscopy on organic semiconductor blends for solar cells typically shows efficient charge generation within ∼100 fs, accounting for the majority of the charge carriers. In this Letter, we show using transient absorption spectroscopy on blends containing a broad range of acceptor content (0.01-50% by weight) that the rise of the polaron signal is dependent on the acceptor concentration. For low acceptor content (<10% by weight), the polaron signal rises gradually over ∼1 ps with most polarons generated after 200 fs, while for higher acceptor concentrations (>10%) most polarons are generated within 200 fs. The rise time in blends with low acceptor content was also found to be sensitive to the pump fluence, decreasing with increasing excitation density. These results indicate that the sub-100 fs rise of the polaron signal is a natural consequence of both the high acceptor concentrations in many donor-acceptor blends and the high excitation densities needed for transient absorption spectroscopy, which results in a short average distance between the exciton and the donor-acceptor interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Zarrabi
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Mathematics & Physics, and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Mathematics & Physics, and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Meredith
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Mathematics & Physics, and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Mathematics & Physics, and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Merschjann C, Tschierlei S, Tyborski T, Kailasam K, Orthmann S, Hollmann D, Schedel-Niedrig T, Thomas A, Lochbrunner S. Complementing Graphenes: 1D Interplanar Charge Transport in Polymeric Graphitic Carbon Nitrides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7993-9. [PMID: 26543003 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport in polymeric graphitic carbon nitrides is shown to proceed via diffusive hopping of electron and hole polarons with reasonably high mobilities >10(-5) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). The power-law behavior of the ultrafast luminescence decay exhibits that the predominant transport direction is perpendicular to the graphitic polymer sheets, thus complementing 2D materials like graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Merschjann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, D-18055, Rostock, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, D-18055, Rostock, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Tyborski
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2, A, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamalakannan Kailasam
- Institut für Chemie/Funktionsmaterialien, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, 160062, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Steven Orthmann
- Institut für Chemie/Festkörperchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Hollmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Schedel-Niedrig
- Institut Solare Brennstoffe/Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Institut für Chemie/Funktionsmaterialien, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, D-18055, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh R, Shivanna R, Iosifidis A, Butt HJ, Floudas G, Narayan KS, Keivanidis PE. Charge versus Energy Transfer Effects in High-Performance Perylene Diimide Photovoltaic Blend Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24876-24886. [PMID: 26480854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perylene diimide (PDI)-based organic photovoltaic devices can potentially deliver high power conversion efficiency values provided the photon energy absorbed is utilized efficiently in charge transfer (CT) reactions instead of being consumed in nonradiative energy transfer (ET) steps. Hitherto, it remains unclear whether ET or CT primarily drives the photoluminescence (PL) quenching of the PDI excimer state in PDI-based blend films. Here, we affirm the key role of the thermally assisted PDI excimer diffusion and subsequent CT reaction in the process of PDI excimer PL deactivation. For our study we perform PL quenching experiments in the model PDI-based composite made of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-thieno[3,4-b]thiophene)-2-6-diyl] (PBDTTT-CT) polymeric donor mixed with the N,N'-bis(1-ethylpropyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) acceptor. Despite the strong spectral overlap between the PDI excimer PL emission and UV-vis absorption of PBDTTT-CT, two main observations indicate that no significant ET component operates in the overall PL quenching: the PL intensity of the PDI excimer (i) increases with decreasing temperature and (ii) remains unaffected even in the presence of 10 wt % content of the PBDTTT-CT quencher. Temperature-dependent wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments further indicate that nonradiative resonance ET is highly improbable due to the large size of PDI domains. The dominance of the CT over the ET process is verified by the high performance of devices with an optimum composition of 30:70 PBDTTT-CT:PDI. By adding 0.4 vol % of 1,8-diiodooctane we verify the plasticization of the polymer side chains that balances the charge transport properties of the PBDTTT-CT:PDI composite and results in additional improvement in the device efficiency. The temperature-dependent spectral width of the PDI excimer PL band suggests the presence of energetic disorder in the PDI excimer excited state manifold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranbir Singh
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology@PoliMi, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064, India
| | | | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina , 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - K S Narayan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Panagiotis E Keivanidis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology , Dorothea Bldg, fifth floor, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou Str., Limassol 3041, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sauvé G, Fernando R. Beyond Fullerenes: Designing Alternative Molecular Electron Acceptors for Solution-Processable Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3770-80. [PMID: 26722869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are promising candidates for providing a low cost, widespread energy source by converting sunlight into electricity. Solution-processable active layers have predominantly consisted of a conjugated polymer donor blended with a fullerene derivative as the acceptor. Although fullerene derivatives have been the acceptor of choice, they have drawbacks such as weak visible light absorption and poor energy tuning that limit overall efficiencies. This has recently fueled new research to explore alternative acceptors that would overcome those limitations. During this exploration, one question arises: what are the important design principles for developing nonfullerene acceptors? It is generally accepted that acceptors should have high electron affinity, electron mobility, and absorption coefficient in the visible and near-IR region of the spectra. In this Perspective, we argue that alternative molecular acceptors, when blended with a conjugated polymer donor, should also have large nonplanar structures to promote nanoscale phase separation, charge separation and charge transport in blend films. Additionally, new material design should address the low dielectric constant of organic semiconductors that have so far limited their widespread application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Roshan Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Non-fullerene organic molecules are alternative and competitive acceptor materials for high-efficiency organic solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| |
Collapse
|