1
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Schmitt T, Huck C, Oberhof N, Hsu LY, Blasco E, Dreuw A, Tegeder P. Characteristics and long-term kinetics of an azobenzene derivative and a donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct as orthogonal photoswitches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7190-7202. [PMID: 38349743 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05786k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Light-triggered molecular switches are extensively researched for their applications in medicine, chemistry and material science and, if combined, particularly for their use in multifunctional smart materials, for which orthogonally, i.e. individually, addressable photoswitches are needed. In such a multifunctional mixture, the switching properties, efficiencies and the overall performance may be impaired by undesired mutual dependences of the photoswitches on each other. Within this study, we compare the performance of the pure photoswitches, namely an azobenzene derivative (Azo) and a donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct (DASA), with the switching properties of their mixture using time-resolved temperature-dependent UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy, time-resolved IR absorption spectroscopy at room temperature and quantum mechanical calculations to determine effective cross sections, switching kinetics as well as activation energies of thermally induced steps. We find slightly improved effective cross sections, percentages of switched molecules and no increased activation barriers of the equimolar mixture compared to the single compounds. Thus, the studied mixture Azo + DASA is very promising for future applications in multifunctional smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schmitt
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christian Huck
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nils Oberhof
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li-Yun Hsu
- Institute for Molecular System Engineering and Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute for Molecular System Engineering and Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Tong X, Zheng X, Zhao Z, Li Q, Zhao H, Zou D, Ren Z. Design, Synthesis and Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Azobenzene-Based Polysiloxanes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300404. [PMID: 37660351 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of polymeric structures on second-order nonlinear optical properties, polysiloxanes materials based on azobenzene as chromophore have been designed and synthesized successfully. Herein, the siloxane monomer is directly bonded to azobenzene units by palladium catalysis, which avoids the influence of flexible chains on the photoelectric properties of azobenzene. According to the different positions of azobenzene units in the polymers, it is divided into side-chain, main-chain, and alternative-type polymers. The chemical structures of obtained polysiloxanes are confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and mass spectra. Three polymers present high thermal decomposition temperatures and the medium glass transition temperatures. The effects of polymeric structures on the second-order nonlinear properties are compared. The main-chain polysiloxane possesses the highest thermal stability because of its rigid architecture. The side-chain polysiloxane shows the fastest isomerization transformation rate due to the large free volume. Besides, the alternative polysiloxane displays the best second-order nonlinear performance with second harmonic generation coefficient (d33 ) value of 47.6 pm V-1 , which is 3 times higher than the side-chain one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xunsheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Zhennan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Quanwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haisong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dexun Zou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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3
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Wirsing S, Hänsel M, Craciunescu L, Belova V, Schreiber F, Broch K, Engels B, Tegeder P. Adsorption Structures Affecting the Electronic Properties and Photoinduced Charge Transfer at Perylene-Based Molecular Interfaces. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300386. [PMID: 37428120 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Perylene-based organic semiconductors are widely used in organic electronic devices. Here, we studied the ultrafast excited state dynamics after optical excitation at interfaces between the electron donor (D) diindenoperylene (DIP) and the electron acceptor (A) dicyano-perylene-bis(dicarboximide) (PDIR-CN2 ) using femtosecond time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) in combination with large scale quantum chemical calculations. Thereby, we varied in bilayer structures of DIP and PDIR-CN2 the interfacial molecular geometry. For an interfacial configuration which contains a edge-on geometry but also additional face-on domains an optically induced charge transfer (CT) is observed, which leads to a pronounced increase of the SHG signal intensity due to electric field induced second harmonic generation. The interfacial CT state decays within 7.5±0.7 ps, while the creation of hot CT states leads to a faster decay (5.3±0.2 ps). For the bilayer structures with mainly edge-on geometries interfacial CT formation is suppressed since π-π overlap perpendicular to the interface is missing. Our combined experimental and theoretical study provides important insights into D/A charge transfer properties, which is needed for the understanding of the interfacial photophysics of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Hänsel
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Craciunescu
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Belova
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71, avenue des Martyrs CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Dubuis S, Dellai A, Courdurié C, Owona J, Kalafatis A, Vellutini L, Genin E, Rodriguez V, Castet F. Nonlinear Optical Responses of Photoswitchable Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10861-10871. [PMID: 37141624 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This work combines hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) experiments performed in the NIR range (1.30 and 1.60 μm) and quantum chemical calculations to provide a comprehensive description of the second harmonic generation (SHG) responses of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs). Representative derivatives of the three generations of DASAs, which differ by the nature of their electron-donating and withdrawing moieties and also include clickable species, have been synthesized and their photoswitching behavior fully characterized. The HRS measurements allow us to establish relationships between the magnitude of the SHG response of open forms and the nature of the donor and acceptor groups. The largest SHG responses are obtained for derivatives incorporating either a barbituric acid or an indanedione acceptor unit, while N-methylaniline appears as the most efficient donor group. The calculations support well the experimental data and show that high hyperpolarizabilities are associated to low excitation energies and large extent of the photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer, which enhances the dipole moment variation between the ground and first dipole-allowed electronic excited state. In addition, a complete investigation of the photoswitching kinetics of DASAs in chloroform solution shows important differences, highlighting in particular the role of the donor group on the photoswitching efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dubuis
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Angela Dellai
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Chloé Courdurié
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Josianne Owona
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Apostolos Kalafatis
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Luc Vellutini
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Emilie Genin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Vincent Rodriguez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
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5
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Karthika C, Das P, Samuelson A. Electro-switching of first hyperpolarizability of metallorganic complexes via ligand reduction/oxidation. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Yi XG, Wang YF, Qin T, Liu XX, Jiang SL, Huang J, Yang K, Li J, Li ZR. Electric field induced intra-molecular self-redox: superalkali Li 3N 3Mg as a candidate for NLO molecular switches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21928-21937. [PMID: 32970081 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel intra-molecular self-redox switch, Li3N3Mg, is constructed theoretically. Our investigation showed that a suitably oriented external electric field (OEEF) can drive a long-range excess electron transfer from Mg atoms to Li3 rings. And subsequently, an interesting intra-molecular self-redox from Li32+N33-Mg+ to Li3+N33-Mg2+ accompanying the large different electronic static first hyperpolarizability (β) is exhibited. The increase of the β value constitutes an order of magnitude improvement from Li32+N33-Mg+ (34 986 a.u.) to Li3+N33-Mg2+ (101 225 a.u.), which indicates that Li3N3Mg is a good candidate for a self-redox NLO molecular switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Guang Yi
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, P. R. China.
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7
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Balakina MY, Shalin NI, Sharipova AV, Fominykh OD. The effect of cyano-containing acceptor moieties on the photoisomerisation mechanisms and UV/vis spectra of azochromophores with switchable nonlinear optical activity. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1800851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Yu. Balakina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Kazan Federal University, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita I. Shalin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Kazan Federal University, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya V. Sharipova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Olga D. Fominykh
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
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8
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Riaz S, Friedrichs G. Vibrational sum-frequency generation study of molecular structure, sterical constraints and nonlinear optical switching contrast of mixed alkyl-azobenzene self-assembled monolayers. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2020-1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of azobenzene (AB) functionalized alkyl thiols on gold diluted with simple alkyl thiols provide a straightforward way to photochromic surfaces with high and tunable photoswitching efficiency. Trans-cis isomerization of the AB molecule changes the physical properties of the surface, including the nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy as a nonlinear type of laser spectroscopy offers surface- and orientation-sensitive insight into the molecular structure of mixed SAMs. In this study, VSFG as well as ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the morphology, molecular structure, and NLO response of mixed SAMs with systematically varied surface composition. Methylazobenzene (MeAB) has been used as the molecular switch with the methyl substituent serving as orientational VSFG marker. Both short-chain and long-chain alkyl thiol co-ligands have been used to gain insight into the interplay between SAM structure and sterical constraints that are known to limit the free switching volume. Underlining the dominating role of sterical effects for controlling photochromic properties, a strong inhibition of the photoswitching efficiency and NLO response has been observed for the SAMs with an alkyl thiol co-ligand long enough to spatially extend into the layer of the MeAB chromophore. Overall, with <12% signal change, the relative NLO switching contrasts remained low in all cases. VSFG spectral trends clearly revealed that the presumably higher photoswitching efficiency upon dilution with the co-ligand is counteracted by a loss of structural order of the chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Riaz
- Islamabad College for Girls , F-6/2 , Islamabad, 44000 , Pakistan
| | - Gernot Friedrichs
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 , Kiel , Germany
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9
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Tuan-Anh T, Zaleśny R. Predictions of High-Order Electric Properties of Molecules: Can We Benefit from Machine Learning? ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5318-5325. [PMID: 32201820 PMCID: PMC7081434 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is an exigency of adopting machine learning techniques to screen and discover new materials which could address many societal and technological challenges. In this work, we follow this trend and employ machine learning to study (high-order) electric properties of organic compounds. The results of quantum-chemistry calculations of polarizability and first hyperpolarizability, obtained for more than 50,000 compounds, served as targets for machine learning-based predictions. The studied set of molecular structures encompasses organic push-pull molecules with variable linker lengths. Moreover, the diversified set of linkers, composed of alternating single/double and single/triple carbon-carbon bonds, was considered. This study demonstrates that the applied machine learning strategy allows us to obtain the correlation coefficients, between predicted and reference values of (hyper)polarizabilities, exceeding 0.9 on training, validation, and test set. However, in order to achieve such satisfactory predictive power, one needs to choose the training set appropriately, as the machine learning methods are very sensitive to the linker-type diversity in the training set, yielding catastrophic predictions in certain cases. Furthermore, the dependence of (hyper)polarizability on the length of spacers was studied in detail, allowing for explanation of the appreciably high accuracy of employed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Tuan-Anh
- Oxford University
Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme Viet
Nam, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Robert Zaleśny
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry,
Faculty
of Chemistry, Wrocław University of
Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Wang YF, Qin T, Tang JM, Liu YJ, Xie M, Li J, Huang J, Li ZR. Novel inorganic aromatic mixed-valent superalkali electride CaN 3Ca: an alkaline-earth-based high-sensitivity multi-state nonlinear optical molecular switch. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5985-5994. [PMID: 32123888 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Focusing on innovative high-performance single-pole double-throw nonlinear optical (NLO) molecular switches, two C3v configurations (1 and 3) and one D3h configuration (2) of bipyramidal CaN3Ca have been obtained by using quantum mechanical methods. Not only are 1, 2, and 3 alkaline-earth-based aromatic superalkalis, but they are also interesting electrides. The salt-like electronic structures of e-Ca2+N33-Ca2+ (1) and Ca2+N33-Ca2+e- (3) with localized redox centres are rare inorganic Robin-Day class II-type structures, and e0.5-Ca2+N33-Ca2+e0.5- (2) with a delocalized structure is a class III-type mixed-valent superalkali electride. Under a small external electric field of ±0.0110 a.u. (0.565 V Å-1), the short-distance hopping of Ca atoms in CaN3Ca from the D3h configuration with in-plane aromaticity to each C3v configuration with out-of-plane aromaticity brings about the long-range transfer of half an electron from one Ca atom to another. And, subsequently, a large dipole moment (μ0) and remarkable static first hyperpolarizability (β0) occur. μz and βzzz range from 0 (D3h, off form) to -12.1 or 12.1 D (C3v, on forms) and from 0 (D3h, off form) to -19 428 or 19 428 a.u. (C3v, on forms), respectively. These extremely large differences in μz and βzzz values between the D3h and each of the C3v configurations confirm the potential of these inorganic aromatic Robin-Day-type superalkali electrides for applications in high-sensitivity multi-state nonlinear optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Feng Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, P. R. China.
| | - Tian Qin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Min Tang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Jiao Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, P. R. China.
| | - Miao Xie
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, P. R. China.
| | - Jiangen Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Ru Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China.
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11
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Karthika C, Sarath Kumar SR, Kathuria L, Das PK, Samuelson AG. In situ reversible redox switching of first hyperpolarizability of bimetallic ruthenium complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11079-11086. [PMID: 31093630 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00946a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article we report the reversible redox switching of first hyperpolarizability of bimetallic ruthenium complexes bridged by bipyridyl tetrazine (bptz) ligands by second harmonic light scattering experiments (SHLS). We have synthesised [RuII(acac)2(CH3CN)2] and [(acac)2Ru-bptz-Ru(acac)2] complexes and measured their first hyperpolarizabilities as a function of in situ electrochemical oxidation/reduction of the metal centres. As a result of the oxidation of ruthenium centre from Ru(ii) to Ru(iii), the molecular hyperpolarizability of the complexes went up. The mixed-valence intermediate bimetallic complex and not the fully oxidized complex exhibit the highest β value of 780 × 10-30 esu. We also demonstrated that the hyperpolarizability is reversible with the change of the oxidation state of the metal and both the complexes are stable for several cycles of redox switching. The experimental results are also supported by calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Karthika
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - S R Sarath Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - L Kathuria
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - P K Das
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - A G Samuelson
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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12
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Vlajić M, Schmidt J, Thomas A, Rück-Braun K. 2H
-Naphthopyran-Based Three-State Systems: From Solution Studies to Photoresponsive Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vlajić
- Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Str. des 17. Juni 135 D-10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry Division of Functional Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 40 D-10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Division of Functional Materials; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 40 D-10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Karola Rück-Braun
- Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Str. des 17. Juni 135 D-10623 Berlin Germany
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13
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Tonnelé C, Pielak K, Deviers J, Muccioli L, Champagne B, Castet F. Nonlinear optical responses of self-assembled monolayers functionalized with indolino–oxazolidine photoswitches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21590-21597. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The second harmonic generation responses of photoresponsive self-assembled monolayers based on indolino–oxazolidine derivatives are computed using a sequential MD/DFT approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Tonnelé
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR CNRS 5255)
- University of Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | - Kornelia Pielak
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR CNRS 5255)
- University of Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence
- France
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale
| | - Jean Deviers
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR CNRS 5255)
- University of Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”
- University of Bologna
- 40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale
- Chemistry Department
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter
- University of Namur
- Belgium
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR CNRS 5255)
- University of Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence
- France
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14
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Xing XS, Sa RJ, Li PX, Zhang NN, Zhou ZY, Liu BW, Liu J, Wang MS, Guo GC. Second-order nonlinear optical switching with a record-high contrast for a photochromic and thermochromic bistable crystal. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7751-7757. [PMID: 30210760 PMCID: PMC6118235 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01228d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) switchable materials are important for photonic and optoelectronic technologies. One important issue for NLO photoswitching, the most studied physical switching approach, is how to improve the switching contrast of second harmonic generation (SHG) in crystals, because the known values are generally below 3 times. Thermoswitching, as another approach, has shown impressive high SHG-switching contrasts (4-∞ times), but the fast decay of thermally induced states demands constant heat sources to maintain specific SHG intensities. We have synthesized a photochromic and thermochromic bistable acentric compound, β-[(MQ)ZnCl3] (MQ+ = N-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium), which represents the first crystalline compound with both photo- and heat-induced SHG-switching behavior and the first example of a thermoswitchable NLO crystal that can maintain its expected second-order NLO intensity without any heat source. The SHG-switching contrast can reach about 8 times after laser irradiation or 2 times after thermal annealing. The former value is the highest recorded for photoswitchable NLO crystals. This work also indicates that higher SHG-switching contrasts may be obtained through increasing electron-transfer efficiency, variation of permanent dipole moment, and self-absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Shuang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China . ;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Rong-Jian Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Pei-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China . ;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Bin-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Guo-Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China . ;
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15
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Stremlau S, Maass F, Tegeder P. Adsorption and switching properties of nitrospiropyran on Bi(1 1 4). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:314004. [PMID: 28604364 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa78be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spiropyrans are prototype molecular switches, which undergo a reversible photoinduced ring-opening/-closure reaction between the closed three-dimensional spiropyran (SP) and the open, planar merocyanine (MC) form. In solution the SP isomer is the thermodynamically stable form. Using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, we resolve a thermally-activated irreversible ring-opening reaction of nitrospiropyran resulting in the MC form for coverages above one monolayer. Thus, the situation found in solution is reversed for the adsorbed molecules, since the MC form is more stable due to the modified energetics by the presence of the substrate. In addition, illumination with blue light (445 nm) induced also the ring-opening, while the photostimulated back-reaction could not be observed. The photoisomerization is driven by a substrate-mediated process, i.e. a charge transfer from the substrate into molecular states. The situation changes completely in the monolayer regime. Neither a thermally-assisted nor a photoinduced ring-opening reaction has been identified. We ascribe the suppression to sterical effects stabilizing the SP form due to the surface structure of Bi(1 1 4), which consists of straight atomic rows separated by rough valleys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Stremlau
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Ma Y, Lin L, Zhang L, Liu M, Guo Y, Lu Z. Effect of acidity on morphologies and photodimerization kinetics in Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of styrylquinoline derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Wutz D, Gluhacevic D, Chakrabarti A, Schmidtkunz K, Robaa D, Erdmann F, Romier C, Sippl W, Jung M, König B. Photochromic histone deacetylase inhibitors based on dithienylethenes and fulgimides. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4882-4896. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00976c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, photochromic properties, inhibition of different HDACs and corresponding molecular dockings of photochromic inhibitors are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Wutz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - D. Gluhacevic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - A. Chakrabarti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - K. Schmidtkunz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - D. Robaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - F. Erdmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - C. Romier
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative
- Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)
- Université de Strasbourg (UDS)
- CNRS
- INSERM
| | - W. Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - M. Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - B. König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
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18
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Lin L, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Guo Y, Liu M. Two-Photon-Induced Isomerization of Spiropyran/Merocyanine at the Air/Water Interface Probed by Second Harmonic Generation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7859-7864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P. R. China
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19
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List NH, Zaleśny R, Murugan NA, Kongsted J, Bartkowiak W, Ågren H. Relation between Nonlinear Optical Properties of Push-Pull Molecules and Metric of Charge Transfer Excitations. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:4182-8. [PMID: 26575913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We establish the relationships between the metric of charge transfer excitation (Δr) for the bright ππ* state and the two-photon absorption probability as well as the first hyperpolarizability for two families of push-pull π-conjugated systems. As previously demonstrated by Guido et al. (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2013, 9, 3118-3126), Δr is a measure for the average hole-electron distance upon excitation and can be used to discriminate between short- and long-range electronic excitations. We indicate two new benefits from using this metric for the analyses of nonlinear optical properties of push-pull systems. First, the two-photon absorption probability and the first hyperpolarizability are found to be interrelated through Δr; if β ∼ (Δr)(k), then roughly, δ(TPA) ∼ (Δr)(k+1). Second, a simple power relation between Δr and the molecular hyperpolarizabilities of push-pull systems offers the possibility of estimating properties for longer molecular chains without performing calculations of high-order response functions explicitly. We further demonstrate how to link the hyperpolarizabilities with the chain length of the push-pull π-conjugated systems through the metric of charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Holmgaard List
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Robert Zaleśny
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University , Tajovského 40, SK-97400 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - N Arul Murugan
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Wojciech Bartkowiak
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Ishii A, Hasegawa M. An Interfacial Europium Complex on SiO2 Nanoparticles: Reduction-Induced Blue Emission System. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11714. [PMID: 26122318 PMCID: PMC4485170 DOI: 10.1038/srep11714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Eu-coated SiO2 nanoparticles have been prepared, consisting of an interfacial complex of Eu and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) at the solid surfaces of the SiO2/Eu nanostructures. The as-prepared SiO2/Eu/phen nanoparticles exhibits sharp red emission via energy transfer from the phen to the EuIII. After sintering at 200 °C in air, the emission is tuned from red to blue. The blue emission is originated from EuII. This reduction-induced emissive phenomenon resulted from the electron-donating environment created by the surrounding phen and SiO2, which is the first reported fabrication of a stable EuII-based emissive material using mild conditions (reaction in air and at low temperature) and an organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructure. The existence of two different stable oxidation states with characteristic emissions, blue emissive EuII and red emissive EuIII, suggests significant potential applications as novel luminescent materials with inorganic-organic hybrid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ishii
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Miki Hasegawa
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
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21
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Schulze M, Utecht M, Moldt T, Przyrembel D, Gahl C, Weinelt M, Saalfrank P, Tegeder P. Nonlinear optical response of photochromic azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18079-86. [PMID: 26100382 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of photochromic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) constitutes an intriguing step towards novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. By utilizing the second-order NLO process of second harmonic generation (SHG), supported by density-functional theory and correlated wave function method calculations, we demonstrate that the photochromic interface provides the necessary prerequisites en route towards possible future technical applications: we find a high NLO contrast on the order of 16% between the switching states. These are furthermore accessible reversibly and with high efficiencies in terms of cross sections on the order of 10(-18) cm(2) for both photoisomerization reactions, i.e., drivable by means of low-power LED light sources. Finally, both photostationary states (PSSs) are thermally stable at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schulze
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heildeberg, Germany.
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