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Pérez MÁ, Gallego S, Palacio L, Hernández A, Prádanos P, Carmona FJ. Saline Retention and Permeability of Nanofiltration Membranes Versus Resistance and Capacitance as Obtained from Impedance Spectroscopy under a Concentration Gradient. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:608. [PMID: 37367812 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy has been widely used for the study of the electrical properties of membranes for their characterization. The most common use of this technique is the measure of the conductivity of different electrolyte solutions to study the behavior and movement of electrically charged particles inside the pores of membranes. The objective of this investigation was to observe if there is a relation present between the retention that a nanofiltration membrane possesses to certain electrolytic solutions (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and Na2SO4) and the parameters that are obtained through IS measurements of the active layer of the membrane. To achieve our objective, different characterization techniques were performed to obtain the permeability, retention, and zeta potential values of a Desal-HL nanofiltration membrane. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed when a gradient concentration was present between both sides of the membrane to study the variation that the electrical parameters had with the time evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel-Ángel Pérez
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gallego
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Palacio
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Prádanos
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Carmona
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Junker MA, de Vos WM, de Grooth J, Lammertink RG. Relating uncharged solute retention of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer nanofiltration membranes to effective structural properties. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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3
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Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Tsou TY, Hsu JP. Nanofiltration through pH-regulated bipolar cylindrical nanopores for solution containing symmetric, asymmetric, and mixed salts. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Removal of Sulfadiazine by Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes: Measurement, Modeling, and Mechanisms. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11020104. [PMID: 33540550 PMCID: PMC7912794 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a complete steric, electrostatic, and dielectric mass transfer model is applied to investigate the separation mechanism of typical antibiotic sulfadiazine by NF90, NF270, VNF-8040 and TMN20H-400 nanofiltration membranes. FTIR and XPS analysis clearly indicate that the membranes we used possess skin layers containing both amine and carboxylic acid groups that can be distributed in an inhomogeneous fashion, leading to a bipolar fixed charge distribution. We compare the theoretical and experimental rejection rate of the sulfadiazine as a function of the pressure difference across the nanopore for the four polyamide membranes of inhomogeneously charged nanopores. It is shown that the rejection rate of sulfadiazine obtained by the solute transport model has similar qualitative results with that of experiments and follows the sequence: RNF90>RVNF2−8040>RNF270>RTMN20H−400. The physical explanation can be attributed to the influence of the inhomogeneous charge distribution on the electric field that arises spontaneously so as to maintain the electroneutrality within the nanopore.
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Zhu H, Hu B, Hu H, He W, Huang J, Li G. Tunable dielectric constant of water confined in graphene oxide nanochannels. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marecka-Migacz A, Mitkowski PT, Nędzarek A, Różański J, Szaferski W. Effect of pH on Total Volume Membrane Charge Density in the Nanofiltration of Aqueous Solutions of Nitrate Salts of Heavy Metals. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E235. [PMID: 32937943 PMCID: PMC7558355 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The separation efficiencies of aqueous solutions containing nitric salts of Zn, Cu, Fe or Pb at various pH in process of nanofiltration have been investigated experimentally. These results were used to obtain the total volume membrane charge densities, through mathematical modelling based on the Donnan-Steric partitioning Model. The experimentally obtained retention values of individual heavy metal ions varied between 36% (Zn2+ at pH = 2), 57% (Pb2+ at pH = 2), 80% (Fe3+ at pH = 9), and up to 97% (Cu2+ at pH = 9). The mathematical modelling allowed for fitting the total volume membrane charge density (Xd), which yielded values ranging from -451.90 to +900.16 mol/m3 for different non-symmetric ions. This study presents the application of nanofiltration (NF) modelling, including a consideration of each ion present in the NF system-even those originating from solutions used to adjust the pH values of the feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Marecka-Migacz
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (J.R.); (W.S.)
| | - Piotr Tomasz Mitkowski
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (J.R.); (W.S.)
| | - Arkadiusz Nędzarek
- Department of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Różański
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (J.R.); (W.S.)
| | - Waldemar Szaferski
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (J.R.); (W.S.)
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Garcia-Ivars J, Durá-María J, Moscardó-Carreño C, Carbonell-Alcaina C, Alcaina-Miranda MI, Iborra-Clar MI. Rejection of trace pharmaceutically active compounds present in municipal wastewaters using ceramic fine ultrafiltration membranes: Effect of feed solution pH and fouling phenomena. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Thomas TE, Aani SA, Oatley-Radcliffe DL, Williams PM, Hilal N. Laser Doppler Electrophoresis and electro-osmotic flow mapping: A novel methodology for the determination of membrane surface zeta potential. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Efligenir A, Fievet P, Déon S, Sauvade P. Tangential electrokinetic characterization of hollow fiber membranes: Effects of external solution on cell electric conductance and streaming current. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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The averaged potential gradient approach to model the rejection of electrolyte solutions using nanofiltration: Model development and assessment for highly concentrated feed solutions. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Renou R, Szymczyk A, Maurin G, Malfreyt P, Ghoufi A. Superpermittivity of nanoconfined water. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:184706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4921043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Renou
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Anthony Szymczyk
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 CNRS UM2, UM1, Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Patrice Malfreyt
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, ICCF, UMR CNRS 6296, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aziz Ghoufi
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, IPR, UMR CNRS 6251, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
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Efligenir A, Fievet P, Déon S, Salut R. Characterization of the isolated active layer of a NF membrane by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Electrokinetics in undeveloped flows. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 410:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Geng Z, Zhang S, Mu J, Jiang X, Huo P, Lu Y, Luan J, Wang G. Design and preparation of poly(aryl ether ketone)/phosphotungstic acid hybrid films with low dielectric constant. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Geng Z, Ba J, Zhang S, Luan J, Jiang X, Huo P, Wang G. Ultra low dielectric constant hybrid films via side chain grafting reaction of poly(ether ether ketone) and phosphotungstic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35040h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Zhu H, Szymczyk A, Balannec B. On the salt rejection properties of nanofiltration polyamide membranes formed by interfacial polymerization. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Tu CH, Fang YY, Zhu J, Van der Bruggen B, Wang XL. Free energies of the ion equilibrium partition of KCl into nanofiltration membranes based on transmembrane electrical potential and rejection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10274-10281. [PMID: 21728362 DOI: 10.1021/la200219k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The free energies of ion equilibrium partition between an aqueous KCl solution and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were investigated on the basis of the relationship of the transmembrane electrical potential (TMEP) and rejection. The measurements of TMEP and rejection were performed for Filmtec NF membranes in KCl solutions over a wide range of salt concentrations (1-60 mol·m(-3)) and pH values (3-10) at the feed side, with pressure differences in the range 0.1-0.6 MPa. The reflection coefficient and transport number, which were used to obtain the distribution coefficients on basis of irreversible thermodynamics, were fitted by the two-layer model with consideration of the activity coefficient. Evidence for dielectric exclusion under the experimental conditions was obtained by analyzing the rejection of KCl at the isoelectric point. The free energies were calculated, and the contribution of the electrostatic effect, dielectric exclusion, steric hindrance, and activity coefficient on the ion partitioning is elucidated. It is clearly demonstrated that the dielectric exclusion plays a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Hui Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Chevereau E, Limousy L, Dutournie P. Use of Mordenite Surface Acidity Properties for the Selective Separation of Halide Salts: Modification of Dielectric Effects. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie1019968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Chevereau
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des MATériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB-EA 4250), Université de Bretagne Sud, rue de Saint-Maudé, BP 92116, 56 321 Lorient, France
| | - Lionel Limousy
- Laboratoire de Gestion des Risques et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 25 rue de Chemnitz, 68200 Mulhouse, France
| | - Patrick Dutournie
- Laboratoire de Gestion des Risques et Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 25 rue de Chemnitz, 68200 Mulhouse, France
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24
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Tan L, Liu S, Zeng F, Zhang S, Zhao J, Yu YE. A low dielectric constant polyimide/polyoxometalate composite. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Sobolev VD, Oparin EA, Sabbatovskii KG. Study of diffusion of alkali metals and ammonium chlorides through nanofiltration membrane with selective layer. COLLOID JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x10050157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Escoda A, Lanteri Y, Fievet P, Déon S, Szymczyk A. Determining the dielectric constant inside pores of nanofiltration membranes from membrane potential measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:14628-14635. [PMID: 20795661 DOI: 10.1021/la1023949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The membrane potential technique was applied to a nanofiltration polyamide membrane to determine its mean pore radius and the dielectric constant of electrolyte solutions inside pores. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to assess these features from membrane potential measurements. Membrane potential data were analyzed by means of the SEDE (steric electric and dielectric exclusion) transport model. Experiments were conducted with single-salt solutions of NaCl and CaCl(2) and mixed-salt solutions of NaCl and CaCl(2) at various concentrations. It was shown that the pore-size values deduced from the high-concentration limit of the membrane potential measured with the two single-salt solutions are in good agreement. With this parameter being known, the membrane potential measured at high salt concentration with electrolyte mixtures was further used to compute the dielectric constant inside pores. The latter was found to be smaller than its bulk value and to decrease when sodium ions were replaced by calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Escoda
- Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, Besançon Cedex 25030, France
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Szymczyk A, Zhu H, Balannec B. Ion Rejection Properties of Nanopores with Bipolar Fixed Charge Distributions. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:10143-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1025575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Szymczyk
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 Boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France, and Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - ENSCR, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, Bâtiment 10 A, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Haochen Zhu
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 Boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France, and Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - ENSCR, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, Bâtiment 10 A, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Béatrice Balannec
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, 5 Boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France, and Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - ENSCR, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, Bâtiment 10 A, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Yaroshchuk A, Luxbacher T. Interpretation of electrokinetic measurements with porous films: role of electric conductance and streaming current within porous structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:10882-10889. [PMID: 20459082 DOI: 10.1021/la100777z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that in tangential electrokinetic measurements with porous films the porous structure makes contribution not only to the cell electric conductance (as demonstrated previously) but also to the observed streaming current. Both of these contributions give rise to dependences of streaming-potential and streaming-current coefficients on the channel height. However, due to the combined contribution of two phenomena, the dependence of streaming-potential coefficient on the channel height may be rather complicated and not allow for simple extrapolation. At the same time, the dependences of streaming-current coefficient and cell electric conductance on the channel height turn out linear and can be easily extrapolated to zero channel heights. This enables one to determine separately the contributions of external surface of porous film and of its porous structure to the streaming current and of the channel and porous structure to the cell electric conductance. This procedure is illustrated by the measurements of tangential electrokinetic phenomena and electric conductance with Millipore mixed-cellulose membrane filters of various average pore sizes (from 0.025 to 5 mum) in the so-called adjustable-gap cell of SurPASS electrokinetic instrument (Anton Paar GmbH). The design of this cell allows for easy and quasi-continuous variation of channel height as well as accurate determination of cell electric conductance, streaming-current coefficient, and channel height (from the cell hydraulic permeability). The quality of linear fits of experimental data has been found to be very good, and thus, the extrapolation procedures were quite reliable and accurate. Zeta-potentials could be determined of both external film and internal pore surfaces. It is demonstrated that the porous structures make considerable contributions to both streaming-current coefficient and cell electric conductance especially in the case of filters with larger pores. It is also found that, rather surprisingly, in filters with smaller pores the reduction in the filter electric conductivity turns out essentially stronger than could be expected proceeding from the filter porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yaroshchuk
- ICREA and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Borrini J, Bernier G, Pellet-Rostaing S, Favre-Reguillon A, Lemaire M. Separation of lanthanides(III) by inorganic nanofiltration membranes using a water soluble complexing agent. J Memb Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Szymczyk A, Zhu H, Balannec B. Pressure-driven ionic transport through nanochannels with inhomogenous charge distributions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1214-1220. [PMID: 19735115 DOI: 10.1021/la902355x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of spatially inhomogeneous fixed charge distributions on the pressure-driven transport of ions through cylindrical nanopores have been investigated theoretically by means of an approximate version of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model that can be used with confidence for moderately charged nanopores with radius smaller than the Debye screening length of the system. Salt rejection rate has been computed as a function of the applied pressure difference for various one-dimensional (1D) unipolar charge distributions and has been compared with that obtained for a homogeneously charged nanochannel with an identical average volume charge density. The ion rejection capabilities of charged nanopores can be optimized by an appropriate distribution of the fixed charge concentration. When ions are forced to enter the nanopores by the end with the lowest fixed charged concentration, the salt rejection rate exhibits a nonmonotonous variation with the applied pressure. This phenomenon has been attributed to the influence of the inhomogeneous charge distribution on the electric field that arises spontaneously so as to maintain the electroneutrality within the nanopore.
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Balanyà T, Labanda J, Llorens J, Sabaté J. Separation of metal ions and chelating agents by nanofiltration. J Memb Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mohapatra M, Anand S, Mishra BK, Giles DE, Singh P. Review of fluoride removal from drinking water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2009; 91:67-77. [PMID: 19775804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride in drinking water has a profound effect on teeth and bones. Up to a small level (1-1.5mg/L) this strengthens the enamel. Concentrations in the range of 1.5-4 mg/L result in dental fluorosis whereas with prolonged exposure at still higher fluoride concentrations (4-10mg/L) dental fluorosis progresses to skeletal fluorosis. High fluoride concentrations in groundwater, up to more than 30 mg/L, occur widely, in many parts of the world. This review article is aimed at providing precise information on efforts made by various researchers in the field of fluoride removal for drinking water. The fluoride removal has been broadly divided in two sections dealing with membrane and adsorption techniques. Under the membrane techniques reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, dialysis and electro-dialysis have been discussed. Adsorption, which is a conventional technique, deals with adsorbents such as: alumina/aluminium based materials, clays and soils, calcium based minerals, synthetic compounds and carbon based materials. Studies on fluoride removal from aqueous solutions using various reversed zeolites, modified zeolites and ion exchange resins based on cross-linked polystyrene are reviewed. During the last few years, layered double oxides have been of interest as adsorbents for fluoride removal. Such recent developments have been briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohapatra
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, Orissa, India.
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Investigating nanofiltration of multi-ionic solutions using the steric, electric and dielectric exclusion model. Chem Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Coronell O, Mariñas BI, Cahill DG. Accessibility and ion exchange stoichiometry of ionized carboxylic groups in the active layer of FT30 reverse osmosis membrane. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:5042-5048. [PMID: 19673304 DOI: 10.1021/es803595f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have experimentally determined the concentration of Ba2+ that associates with the accessible ionized R-COO- groups in the polyamide active layer of the FT30 reverse osmosis membrane in the pH range 3.42-10.30. Ba2+ concentrations in the active layer ([Ba2+]) were measured using the ion-probing/Rutherford backscattering spectrometry procedure reported in our previous work. We found that at all but the lowest experimental pH 3.42, [Ba2+] was lower than the corresponding total concentrations of R-COO- groups; their difference was consistent with steric and charge effects determining the accessibility and association, respectively, of Ba2+ to R-COO- groups. Accordingly, we propose two descriptors, the accessibility ratio (AR) and the neutralization number (NN), to account for the observed difference. AR, the fraction of R-COO- groups accessible to Ba2+ ions, and NN, the average number of R-COO- groups neutralized per Ba2+ ion, were determined experimentally performing Ag(+)-Ba2+ ion-exchange tests. The resulting AR = 0.40 indicated that on average only 40% of ionizable carboxylic groups were accessible to Ba2+. [Ba2+] values calculated using R-COO- concentrations and the AR and NN concepts were in agreement with experimental [Ba2+] results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Coronell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Lanteri Y, Fievet P, Szymczyk A. Evaluation of the steric, electric, and dielectric exclusion model on the basis of salt rejection rate and membrane potential measurements. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 331:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tan L, Liu S, Zeng F, Ling Z, Zhao J. Polyimide/polyoxometalate copolymer thin films: synthesis, thermal and dielectric properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Influence of operating conditions on the rejection of cobalt and lead ions in aqueous solutions by a nanofiltration polyamide membrane. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cavaco Morão A, Szymczyk A, Fievet P, Brites Alves A. Modelling the separation by nanofiltration of a multi-ionic solution relevant to an industrial process. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lanteri Y, Szymczyk A, Fievet P. Influence of steric, electric, and dielectric effects on membrane potential. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:7955-62. [PMID: 18616229 DOI: 10.1021/la800677q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The membrane potential arising through nanofiltration membranes separating two aqueous solutions of the same electrolyte at identical hydrostatic pressures but different concentrations is investigated within the scope of the steric, electric, and dielectric exclusion model. The influence of the ion size and the so-called dielectric exclusion on the membrane potential arising through both neutral and electrically charged membranes is investigated. Dielectric phenomena have no influence on the membrane potential through neutral membranes, unlike ion size effects which increase the membrane potential value. For charged membranes, both steric and dielectric effects increase the membrane potential at a given concentration but the diffusion potential (that is the high-concentration limit of the membrane potential) is affected only by steric effects. It is therefore proposed that membrane potential measurements carried out at high salt concentrations could be used to determine the mean pore size of nanofiltration membranes. In practical cases, the membrane volume charge density and the dielectric constant inside pores depend on the physicochemical properties of both the membrane and the surrounding solutions (pH, concentration, and chemical nature of ions). It is shown that the Donnan and dielectric exclusions affect the membrane potential of charged membranes similarly; namely, a higher salt concentration is needed to screen the membrane fixed charge. The membrane volume charge density and the pore dielectric constant cannot then be determined unambiguously by means of membrane potential experiments, and additional independent measurements are in need. It is suggested to carry out rejection rate measurements (together with membrane potential measurements).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Lanteri
- Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, Besançon Cedex 25030, France
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Navarro R, González M, Saucedo I, Avila M, Prádanos P, Martínez F, Martín A, Hernández A. Effect of an acidic treatment on the chemical and charge properties of a nanofiltration membrane. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Déon S, Dutournié P, Bourseau P. Modeling nanofiltration with Nernst-Planck approach and polarization layer. AIChE J 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Szymczyk A, Fatin-Rouge N, Fievet P. Tangential streaming potential as a tool in modeling of ion transport through nanoporous membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 309:245-52. [PMID: 17321538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tangential streaming potential (TSP) measurements have been carried out so as to assess the electrokinetic properties of the active layer of organic nanofiltration (NF) membranes. Due to the porous structure of NF membranes, cares must be taken to convert the experimental data into zeta potential. Indeed, an assumption that is implicitly made in Smoluchowski's theory (or in related approaches accounting for the surface conduction phenomenon) is that both streaming and conduction currents involved in the streaming potential process flow through an identical path. Such an assumption does not hold with porous membranes since the conduction current is expected to flow wherever the electric conductivity differs from zero. Consequently, a non-negligible share of the conduction current is likely to flow through the membrane body filled with the electrolyte solution. This phenomenon has been taken into account by carrying out a series of TSP measurements at various channel heights. Experiments have been conducted with various electrolyte solutions. The inferred zeta potentials have been further converted into membrane volume charge densities which have been used to predict the membrane performances in terms of rejection rates. The conventional NF theory, i.e. based on a steric/Donnan exclusion mechanism, has been found to be unable to describe the experimental rejection rates. Using the volume charge density of the membrane as an adjustable parameter, it has been shown that the conventional theory even predicts the opposite sign for the membrane charge. On the other hand, the experimental rejection rates have been well described by including dielectric effects in the exclusion mechanism. In this case, a noticeable lowering of the effective dielectric constant of the electrolyte solution inside pores has been predicted (with respect to the bulk value).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Szymczyk
- University of Franche-Comté, Institut UTINAM-UMR CNRS 6213, 25030 Besançon cedex, France.
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Chen H, Xie L, Lu H, Yang Y. Ultra-low-? polyimide hybrid films via copolymerization of polyimide and polyoxometalates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b618910e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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