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Mashita R, Sakae H, Nishiyama Y, Nagatani H. Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of Ion Transfer Mechanisms of Mitoxantrone at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces: Effects of Zwitterionic Dendrimer and Phospholipid Layer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2111-2119. [PMID: 38171364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ionic partition property and transfer mechanism of the anthraquinone antitumor agent mitoxantrone (MTX) were studied in detail at the water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface by means of surface-sensitive spectroelectrochemical techniques. The interfacial mechanism of the cationic MTX species was composed of potential-driven ion transfer and adsorption processes. The ion association between MTX and zwitterionic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with peripheral carboxy groups was also investigated in terms of the effects of pH and dendritic generation. The monovalent HMTX+ interacted effectively with the negatively charged dendrimers at neutral pH, while the divalent H2MTX2+ exhibited a weak association under acidic conditions. The higher stability of the dendrimer-MTX associates in the interfacial region was found for higher dendritic generations: G3.5 ≥ G2.5 > G1.5. The interfacial behavior of MTX and its dendrimer associates was further analyzed at the phospholipid-modified interface as a model biomembrane surface. The adsorption process of HMTX+ occurred mainly on the hydrophilic side of the phospholipid layer. The spectroelectrochemical results indicated that the dendrimers penetrate into the phospholipid layer and alter the transfer mechanism of HMTX+ across the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Mashita
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakae
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nishiyama
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Nagatani
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Jetmore HD, Anupriya ES, Cress TJ, Shen M. Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions Electrodes for Chemical Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16519-16527. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry David Jetmore
- University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | | | - Tanner Joe Cress
- University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Mei Shen
- University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
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3
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Takami T, Kanai S, Nishiyama Y, Lee HJ, Nagatani H. Transfer Mechanism of Anthracycline Antibiotics and Their Ion‐Association with PAMAM Dendrimer at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinari Takami
- Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology: Kanazawa Daigaku Daigakuin Shizen Kagaku Kenkyuka Division of Material Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Shohei Kanai
- Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology: Kanazawa Daigaku Daigakuin Shizen Kagaku Kenkyuka Division of Material Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Yoshio Nishiyama
- Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology: Kanazawa Daigaku Daigakuin Shizen Kagaku Kenkyuka Division of Material Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Kyungpook National University Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hirohisa Nagatani
- Kanazawa University Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering Kakuma 920-1192 Kanazawa JAPAN
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4
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Flores-Mejía R, Fragoso-Vázquez MJ, Pérez-Blas LG, Parra-Barrera A, Hernández-Castro SS, Estrada-Pérez AR, Rodrígues J, Lara-Padilla E, Ortiz-Morales A, Correa-Basurto J. Chemical characterization (LC-MS-ESI), cytotoxic activity and intracellular localization of PAMAM G4 in leukemia cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8210. [PMID: 33859258 PMCID: PMC8050087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation 4 of polyamidoamine dendrimer (G4-PAMAM) has several biological effects due to its tridimensional globular structure, repetitive branched amides, tertiary amines, and amino-terminal subunit groups liked to a common core. G4-PAMAM is cytotoxic due to its positive charges. However, its cytotoxicity could increase in cancer cells due to the excessive intracellular negative charges in these cells. Furthermore, this work reports G4-PAMAM chemical structural characterization using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS (LC-MS) by electrospray ionization to measure its population according to its positive charges. Additionally, the antiproliferative effects and intracellular localization were explored in the HMC-1 and K-562 cell lines by confocal microscopy. The LC-MS results show that G4-PAMAM generated multivalent mass spectrum values, and its protonated terminal amino groups produced numerous positive charges, which allowed us to determine its exact mass despite having a high molecular weight. Additionally, G4-PAMAM showed antiproliferative activity in the HMC-1 tumor cell line after 24 h (IC50 = 16.97 µM), 48 h (IC50 = 7.02 µM) and 72 h (IC50 = 5.98 µM) and in the K-562 cell line after 24 h (IC50 = 15.14 µM), 48 h (IC50 = 14.18 µM) and 72 h (IC50 = 9.91 µM). Finally, our results showed that the G4-PAMAM dendrimers were located in the cytoplasm and nucleus in both tumor cell lines studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Flores-Mejía
- Laboratorio 103, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - M J Fragoso-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - L G Pérez-Blas
- Laboratorio 103, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - A Parra-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa y Estudios del Cancer, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - S S Hernández-Castro
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A R Estrada-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J Rodrígues
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - E Lara-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Ortiz-Morales
- Laboratorio 103, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - J Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Flores-Mejía R, Fragoso-Vázquez MJ, Pérez-Blas LG, Parra-Barrera A, Hernández-Castro SS, Estrada-Pérez AR, Rodrígues J, Lara-Padilla E, Ortiz-Morales A, Correa-Basurto J. Chemical characterization (LC–MS–ESI), cytotoxic activity and intracellular localization of PAMAM G4 in leukemia cells. Sci Rep 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGeneration 4 of polyamidoamine dendrimer (G4-PAMAM) has several biological effects due to its tridimensional globular structure, repetitive branched amides, tertiary amines, and amino-terminal subunit groups liked to a common core. G4-PAMAM is cytotoxic due to its positive charges. However, its cytotoxicity could increase in cancer cells due to the excessive intracellular negative charges in these cells. Furthermore, this work reports G4-PAMAM chemical structural characterization using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS (LC–MS) by electrospray ionization to measure its population according to its positive charges. Additionally, the antiproliferative effects and intracellular localization were explored in the HMC-1 and K-562 cell lines by confocal microscopy. The LC–MS results show that G4-PAMAM generated multivalent mass spectrum values, and its protonated terminal amino groups produced numerous positive charges, which allowed us to determine its exact mass despite having a high molecular weight. Additionally, G4-PAMAM showed antiproliferative activity in the HMC-1 tumor cell line after 24 h (IC50 = 16.97 µM), 48 h (IC50 = 7.02 µM) and 72 h (IC50 = 5.98 µM) and in the K-562 cell line after 24 h (IC50 = 15.14 µM), 48 h (IC50 = 14.18 µM) and 72 h (IC50 = 9.91 µM). Finally, our results showed that the G4-PAMAM dendrimers were located in the cytoplasm and nucleus in both tumor cell lines studied.
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Kowalewska K, Rodriguez-Prieto T, Skrzypek S, Cano J, Ramírez RG, Poltorak L. Electroanalytical study of five carbosilane dendrimers at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. Analyst 2021; 146:1376-1385. [PMID: 33403382 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work is focused on the electroanalytical study of a family of five imidazolium-terminated carbosilane dendrimers (from generation G1 to G3) at the polarized liquid-liquid interface formed between water and 1,2-dichloroethane solutions. All dendrimers with permanently and positively charged imidazolium groups located at the periphery within the branched carbosilane core were found to be electrochemically active. Based on the concentration and scan rate dependencies we have concluded that these molecules undergo interfacial ion transfer processes accompanied by interfacial adsorption/desorption rather than the electrochemically induced interfacial formation of the macromolecule-anion (tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate) from the organic phase complex. Also, we report several physicochemical and electroanalytical parameters (e.g. diffusion coefficients, LODs, and detection sensitivities) for the studied family of dendrimers. Our work aims to contribute to the understating of the interaction between branched macromolecules and biomimetic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Electroanalysis and Electrochemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
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Li M, He P, Yu Z, Zhang S, Gu C, Nie X, Gu Y, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Shao Y. Investigation of Dendrimer Transfer Behaviors at the Micro-Water/1,2-Dichloroethane Interface Facilitated by Dibenzo-18-Crown-6. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1515-1522. [PMID: 33356146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trans-interfacial behaviors of multiple ionic species at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are of importance to biomembrane mimicking, chemical and biosensing, and interfacial molecular catalysis. Utilizing host-guest interaction to facilitate ion transfer is an effective and commonly used method to decrease the Gibbs energy of transfer of a target molecule. Herein, we investigated a facilitated ion transfer (FIT) process of poly(amidoamine)dendrimer (PAMAM, G0-G2) by dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) at the microinterfaces between water and 1,2-dichloroethane (μ-W/DCE). Because of the host-guest interaction between a dendrimer and a ligand, negative shifts of the transfer potentials were observed using cyclic voltammetry or Osteryoung square wave voltammetry. From the FIT behavior of the dendrimer, we revealed that each DB18C6 could selectively coordinate with one amino group. We first evaluated the protonated status of the intermediate state (1:2) exactly under the conditions the dendrimer (G1) transfers across the interface using the electrochemical mass spectrometry (EC-MS)-hyphenated technique, which is much smaller than the protonated status in the water phase (1:8 to 14). Using the same methodology, we also studied the facilitated transfer behaviors of G0 and G2. Based on these results, we put forward the mechanism of the FIT process, which might involve a deprotonating process at the interface for higher-generation dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengyou Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaoyue Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaxiong Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianhao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Co-deposition of silica and proteins at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Kowalewska K, Sipa K, Leniart A, Skrzypek S, Poltorak L. Electrochemistry at the liquid–liquid interface rediscovers interfacial polycondensation of nylon-6,6. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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10
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Puri SR, Kim J. Kinetics of Antimicrobial Drug Ion Transfer at a Water/Oil Interface Studied by Nanopipet Voltammetry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:1873-1879. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Raj Puri
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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11
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Sakae H, Toda Y, Yokoyama T. Electrochemical behavior of ferritin at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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Nagatani H, Fujisawa M, Imura H. Mechanistic Analysis of Ion Association between Dendrigraft Poly-l-lysine and 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3237-3243. [PMID: 29457910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular association between biocompatible dendritic polymers, dendrigraft poly-l-lysines (DGLs), and an anionic fluorescent probe, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS-), was studied at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. The fluorescence intensity of ANS measured in aqueous solution was enhanced by the coexistence of DGLs over a wide pH range (2 < pH < 10), where ANS and DGL exist as a monoanionic form and a polycation, respectively. The voltammetric responses indicated that the positively charged DGLs were adsorbed at the water|DCE interface, whereas ANS- was transferred across the interface accompanied by the adsorption process. The interfacial behavior of the DGL-ANS associates was analyzed by potential-modulated fluorescence (PMF) spectroscopy. The PMF results demonstrated that the ion association between DGLs and ANS at the water|DCE interface is strongly affected by the applied potential and the dendritic generation of DGL. By applying appropriate potentials, the ANS anion was dissociated from its ion associate with DGLs at the interface and transferred into the organic phase, whereas DGLs remained in the aqueous phase. The Gibbs free energy of ion association (Δ GD···ANS) was estimated for the second-fourth generation DGLs (DGL-G2-G4) and the G4 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer as a control. The highest stability of the DGL-G4-ANS associate manifested itself through Δ GD···ANS: DGL-G4-ANS (>G4 PAMAM dendrimer-ANS) > DGL-G3-ANS > DGL-G2-ANS. The results elucidated the efficient anion-binding ability of higher generation DGLs and its potential dependence at the liquid|liquid interface.
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Poltorak L, Sudhölter EJ, de Smet LC. Effect of charge of quaternary ammonium cations on lipophilicity and electroanalytical parameters: Task for ion transfer voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Soda N, Arotiba OA. A polyamidoamine dendrimer-streptavidin supramolecular architecture for biosensor development. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 118:14-18. [PMID: 28686995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel polyamidoamine dendrimer-streptavidin supramolecular architecture suitable as a versatile platform for biosensor development is reported. The dendrimer was electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode via cyclic voltammetry. The dendrimer electrode was further modified with streptavidin by electrostatic attraction upon drop coating. The platform i.e. the dendrimer-streptavidin modified electrode was electrochemically interrogated in phosphate buffer, ferrocyanide and H2O2. The dendrimer-streptavidin platform was used in the preparation of a simple DNA biosensor as a proof of concept. The supramolecular architecture of dendrimer-streptavidin was stable, electroactive and thus lends itself as a versatile immobilisation layer for any biotinylated bioreceptors in biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Soda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O A Arotiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Sakae H, Fujisawa M, Nagatani H, Imura H. Molecular association between flavin derivatives and dendritic polymers at the water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Ion transfer and adsorption behavior of ionizable drugs affected by PAMAM dendrimers at the water|1,2- dichloroethane interface. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Poltorak L, Morakchi K, Herzog G, Walcarius A. Electrochemical characterization of liquid-liquid micro-interfaces modified with mesoporous silica. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Investigation of a solvent-cast organogel to form a liquid-gel microinterface array for electrochemical detection of lysozyme. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 893:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Nagatani H, Sakae H, Torikai T, Sagara T, Imura H. Photoinduced Electron Transfer of PAMAM Dendrimer-Zinc(II) Porphyrin Associates at Polarized Liquid|Liquid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6237-6244. [PMID: 25989445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous photoinduced electron-transfer reaction of the ion associates between NH2-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato zinc(II) (ZnTPPS(4-)) was studied at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. The positive photocurrent arising from the photoreduction of ZnTPPS(4-) by a lipophilic quencher, decamethylferrocene, in the interfacial region was significantly enhanced by the ion association with the PAMAM dendrimers. The photocurrent response of the dendrimer-ZnTPPS(4-) associates was dependent on the pH condition and on the generation of dendrimer. A few cationic additives such as polyallylamine and n-octyltrimethyammonium were also examined as alternatives to the PAMAM dendrimer, but the magnitude of the photocurrent enhancement was rather small. The high photoreactivity of the dendrimer-ZnTPPS(4-) associates was interpreted mainly as a result of the high interfacial concentration of photoreactive porphyrin units associated stably with the dendrimer which was preferably adsorbed at the polarized water|DCE interface. The photochemical data observed in the second and fourth generation PAMAM dendrimer systems demonstrated that the higher generation dendrimer which can incorporate a porphyrin molecule more completely in the interior is less efficient for the photocurrent enhancement at the interface. These results indicated that the photoreactivity of ionic reactant at a polarized liquid|liquid interface can readily be modified via ion association with the charged dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Nagatani
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakae
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Taishi Torikai
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sagara
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hisanori Imura
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Sakae H, Nagatani H, Morita K, Imura H. Spectroelectrochemical characterization of dendrimer-porphyrin associates at polarized liquid|liquid interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:937-945. [PMID: 24397699 DOI: 10.1021/la404079m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular encapsulation of anionic porphyrins in NH2-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and the interfacial behavior of the dendrimer-porphyrin associates were studied at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. Formation of the ion associates was significantly dependent on the pH condition and on generation of dendrimers. 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPS(4-)) associated with the positively charged fourth-generation (G4) PAMAM dendrimer was highly stabilized in acidic aqueous solution without protolytic demetalation in a wide range of pH values (pH > 2). In contrast to the zinc(II) complex, the free base porphyrin (H2TPPS(4-)) was readily protonated under acidic conditions even in the presence of the dendrimers. In addition, the J-aggregates of diprotonated species, (H4TPPS(2-))n, were preferably formed on the dendrimer. The interfacial mechanism of the dendrimer-porphyrin associates was analyzed in detail by potential-modulated fluorescence (PMF) spectroscopy. PMF results indicated that the dendrimers incorporating porphyrin molecules were transferred across the positively polarized water|DCE interface via adsorption step, whereas the transfer responses of the porphyrin ions released from the dendrimers were observed at negatively polarized conditions. A negative shift of the transfer potential of porphyrin ions compared to the intrinsic transfer potential was apparently observed for each ion association system. The ion association stability between the dendrimer and the porphyrin molecules could be estimated from a negative shift of the transfer potential. ZnTPPS(4-) exhibited relatively strong interaction with the higher generation dendrimer, whereas H2TPPS(4-) was less effectively associated with the dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sakae
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and ‡Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University , Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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21
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Potential-mediated interaction between dextran sulfate and negatively charged phospholipids films at air/water and liquid/liquid interfaces. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Cámara CI, Quiroga MVC, Wilke N, Jimenez-Kairuz A, Yudi LM. Effect of chitosan on distearoylphosphatidylglycerol films at air/water and liquid/liquid interfaces. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Riva JS, Bierbrauer K, Beltramo DM, Yudi LM. Electrochemical study of the interfacial behavior of cationic polyelectrolytes and their complexation with monovalent anionic surfactants. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Gan S, Zhou M, Zhang J, Zhong L, Ulstrup J, Niu L. Ion Transfer Voltammetry Associated with Two Polarizable Interfaces Within Water and Moderately Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid Systems. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Herzog G, Flynn S, Johnson C, Arrigan DW. Electroanalytical Behavior of Poly-l-Lysine Dendrigrafts at the Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5693-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300856w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Herzog
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shane Flynn
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colm Johnson
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Damien W.M. Arrigan
- Nanochemistry Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Alvarez de Eulate E, Arrigan DWM. Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry of Hen-Egg-White-Lysozyme via Adsorption–Desorption at an Array of Liquid–Liquid Microinterfaces. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2505-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203249p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Alvarez de Eulate
- Nanochemistry Research
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- Nanochemistry Research
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Mirshafian R, Norouzi P, Ganjali MR. Voltammetric Ion-Selective Nanocomposite Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Erbium at the Interface Between two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The main aspects related to the charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are described. The particular topics to be discussed involve simple ion transfer. Focus is given on theoretical approaches, numerical simulations, and experimental methodologies. Concerning the theoretical procedures, different computational simulations related to simple ion transfer are reviewed. The main conclusions drawn from the most accepted models are described and analyzed in regard to their relevance for explaining different aspects of ion transfer. We describe numerical simulations implementing different approaches for solving the differential equations associated with the mass transport and charge transfer. These numerical simulations are correlated with selected experimental results; their usefulness in designing new experiments is summarized. Finally, many practical applications can be envisaged regarding the determination of physicochemical properties, electroanalysis, drug lipophilicity, and phase-transfer catalysis.
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Riva JS, Juarez AV, Beltramo DM, Yudi LM. Interaction of Chitosan with mono and di- valent anions in aqueous solution studied by cyclic voltammetry at a water/1,2-dichloroethane interface. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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González-Fuentes MA, Manríquez J, Antaño-López R, Godínez LA. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the transfer of anionic polyamidoamine dendrimers across two immiscible liquids. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Colqui Quiroga M, Monzón L, Yudi L. Voltammetric study and surface pressure isotherms describing Flunitrazepam incorporation into a distearoylphosphatidic acid film adsorbed at air/water and water/1,2-dichloroethane interfaces. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Scanlon MD, Arrigan DWM. Enhanced Electroanalytical Sensitivity via Interface Miniaturisation: Ion Transfer Voltammetry at an Array of Nanometre Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Rimboud M, Hart RD, Becker T, Arrigan DWM. Electrochemical behaviour and voltammetric sensitivity at arrays of nanoscale interfaces between immiscible liquids. Analyst 2011; 136:4674-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Nagatani H, Sakamoto T, Torikai T, Sagara T. Encapsulation of anilinonaphthalenesulfonates in carboxylate-terminated PAMAM dendrimer at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17686-17694. [PMID: 20939496 DOI: 10.1021/la1032477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular encapsulation of water-soluble anionic fluorescent dye molecules, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS), and its bimolecular derivative (bis-ANS), in the generation 3.5 polyamidoamine (G3.5 PAMAM) dendrimer was investigated in the bulk aqueous phase and at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. ANS(-) was electrostatically incorporated in the dendrimer, and the fluorescence enhancement with a blue shift of the emission maximum was observed at pH values <6, where the interior of the dendrimer was positively charged. The fluorescence enhancement of ANS was maximized around pH 3 and then decreased under more acidic conditions. The potential dependences of the molecular encapsulation and the interfacial mechanism were studied in detail by means of potential modulated fluorescence (PMF) spectroscopy. Under acidic conditions, the dendrimer incorporated ANS(-) at the positively polarized interface as well as in the aqueous phase. ANS(-) was released from the dendrimer at the intrinsic transfer potential and independently transferred across the interface. Bis-ANS exhibited relatively strong interaction with the dendrimer over a wide pH range (1 < pH < 8), and a negative shift of the transfer potential was observed under the corresponding pH condition. The PMF analysis clearly demonstrated that the interfacial mechanism of the dendrimer involves transfer and adsorption processes depending on the pH condition and the Galvani potential difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Nagatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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36
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Colqui Quiroga MV, Monzón LM, Yudi LM. Interaction of triflupromazine with distearoylphosphatidylglycerol films studied by surface pressure isotherms and cyclic voltammetry at a 1,2-dichloroethane/water interface. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Scanlon MD, Berduque A, Strutwolf J, Arrigan DW. Flow-injection amperometry at microfabricated silicon-based μ-liquid–liquid interface arrays. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Kivlehan F, Lefoix M, Moynihan HA, Thompson D, Ogurtsov VI, Herzog G, Arrigan DW. Interaction of acridine-calix[4]arene with DNA at the electrified liquid|liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Herzog G, Eichelmann-Daly P, Arrigan DW. Electrochemical behaviour of denatured haemoglobin at the liquid|liquid interface. Electrochem commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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40
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Arotiba OA, Owino JH, Baker PG, Iwuoha EI. Electrochemical impedimetry of electrodeposited poly(propylene imine) dendrimer monolayer. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Electrochemically driven transfer of carboxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimers at the water/dichloroethane interface. Electrochem commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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42
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Scanlon MD, Strutwolf J, Arrigan DWM. Voltammetric behaviour of biological macromolecules at arrays of aqueous|organogel micro-interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10040-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c003323e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Méndez MA, Su B, Girault HH. Voltammetry for surface-active ions at polarisable liquid|liquid interfaces. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Chu CC, Imae T. Synthesis of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer with Redox-Active Spacers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohuku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toyoko Imae
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohuku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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45
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Use of the microchannel dimensions for studying assisted ion transfers at liquid–liquid supported microinterface. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Scanlon MD, Jennings E, Arrigan DWM. Electrochemical behaviour of hen-egg-white lysozyme at the polarised water/1, 2-dichloroethane interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:2272-80. [DOI: 10.1039/b815589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Arrigan DWM. Bioanalytical Detection Based on Electrochemistry at Interfaces between Immiscible Liquids. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802518197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Herzog G, Kam V, Arrigan DW. Electrochemical behaviour of haemoglobin at the liquid/liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Kivlehan F, Lanyon YH, Arrigan DWM. Electrochemical study of insulin at the polarized liquid-liquid interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:9876-82. [PMID: 18666786 DOI: 10.1021/la800842f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the electrochemical behavior of bovine insulin at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). The voltammetric ion-transfer response obtained in the presence of insulin was dependent on the aqueous phase pH conditions and on the nature of the organic phase electrolyte employed in experiments. Optimal detection was obtained at acidic pH below the isoelectric point of insulin where it was positively charged. A shift in transfer potentials to lower potential values was observed with decreasing hydrophobicity of the anion of the organic phase electrolyte. No ion-transfer response was observed at pH values of the aqueous phase above the isoelectric point, where insulin was negatively charged. These results suggest that the voltammetric response is due to ion-pairing interactions at the ITIES between positively charged insulin and the hydrophobic anion of the organic phase electrolyte, together with adsorption of the ion-pair at the interface. The voltammetric response was obtained for insulin at concentrations down to 1 muM. These results show that electrochemistry is useful in studying the behavior of this important protein molecule at the polarized water-1,2-DCE interface and provides an alternative detection mode for bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Kivlehan
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, University College, Cork, Ireland
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50
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Nagatani H, Ueno T, Sagara T. Spectroelectrochemical analysis of ion-transfer and adsorption of the PAMAM dendrimer at a polarized liquid|liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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