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Filippova TA, Masamrekh RA, Khudoklinova YY, Shumyantseva VV, Kuzikov AV. The multifaceted role of proteases and modern analytical methods for investigation of their catalytic activity. Biochimie 2024; 222:169-194. [PMID: 38494106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We discuss the diverse functions of proteases in the context of their biotechnological and medical significance, as well as analytical approaches used to determine the functional activity of these enzymes. An insight into modern approaches to studying the kinetics and specificity of proteases, based on spectral (absorption, fluorescence), mass spectrometric, immunological, calorimetric, and electrochemical methods of analysis is given. We also examine in detail electrochemical systems for determining the activity and specificity of proteases. Particular attention is given to exploring innovative electrochemical systems based on the detection of the electrochemical oxidation signal of amino acid residues, thereby eliminating the need for extra redox labels in the process of peptide synthesis. In the review, we highlight the main prospects for the further development of electrochemical systems for the study of biotechnologically and medically significant proteases, which will enable the miniaturization of the analytical process for determining the catalytic activity of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Filippova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bld. 8, Pogodinskaya str., 119121, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, Moscow, 117513, Russia
| | - Rami A Masamrekh
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bld. 8, Pogodinskaya str., 119121, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, Moscow, 117513, Russia
| | - Yulia Yu Khudoklinova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, Moscow, 117513, Russia
| | - Victoria V Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bld. 8, Pogodinskaya str., 119121, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, Moscow, 117513, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kuzikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bld. 8, Pogodinskaya str., 119121, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, Moscow, 117513, Russia.
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2
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Redondo-Gómez C, Parreira P, Martins MCL, Azevedo HS. Peptide-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs): what peptides can do for SAMs and vice versa. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3714-3773. [PMID: 38456490 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) represent highly ordered molecular materials with versatile biochemical features and multidisciplinary applications. Research on SAMs has made much progress since the early begginings of Au substrates and alkanethiols, and numerous examples of peptide-displaying SAMs can be found in the literature. Peptides, presenting increasing structural complexity, stimuli-responsiveness, and biological relevance, represent versatile functional components in SAMs-based platforms. This review examines the major findings and progress made on the use of peptide building blocks displayed as part of SAMs with specific functions, such as selective cell adhesion, migration and differentiation, biomolecular binding, advanced biosensing, molecular electronics, antimicrobial, osteointegrative and antifouling surfaces, among others. Peptide selection and design, functionalisation strategies, as well as structural and functional characteristics from selected examples are discussed. Additionally, advanced fabrication methods for dynamic peptide spatiotemporal presentation are presented, as well as a number of characterisation techniques. All together, these features and approaches enable the preparation and use of increasingly complex peptide-based SAMs to mimic and study biological processes, and provide convergent platforms for high throughput screening discovery and validation of promising therapeutics and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Redondo-Gómez
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Paula Parreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
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3
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Basso CR, Crulhas BP, Castro GR, Pedrosa VA. Recent Advances in Functional Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Sensing Using Self-Assembled Monolayers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10819. [PMID: 37445998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional nanomaterials have attracted attention by producing different structures in any field. These materials have several potential applications, including medicine, electronics, and energy, which provide many unique properties. These nanostructures can be synthesized using various methods, including self-assembly, which can be used for the same applications. This unique nanomaterial is increasingly being used for biological detection due to its unique optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, which provide sensitive and specific sensors for detecting biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. This review highlights recent advances in the field and discusses the fabrication and characterization of the corresponding materials, which can be further applied in optical, magnetic, electronic, and sensor fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno P Crulhas
- Institute of Bioscience, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil
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Filippova TA, Masamrekh RA, Shumyantseva VV, Latsis IA, Farafonova TE, Ilina IY, Kanashenko SL, Moshkovskii SA, Kuzikov AV. Electrochemical biosensor for trypsin activity assay based on cleavage of immobilized tyrosine-containing peptide. Talanta 2023; 257:124341. [PMID: 36821964 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a biosensor for trypsin proteolytic activity assay using immobilization of model peptides on screen-printed electrodes (SPE) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared by electrosynthetic method. Sensing of proteolytic activity was based on electrochemical oxidation of tyrosine residues of peptides. We designed peptides containing N-terminal cysteine residue for immobilization on an SPE, modified with gold nanoparticles, trypsin-specific cleavage site and tyrosine residue as a redox label. The peptides were immobilized on SPE by formation of chemical bonds between mercapto groups of the N-terminal cysteine residues and AuNPs. After the incubation with trypsin, time-dependent cleavage of the immobilized peptides was observed by decline in tyrosine electrochemical oxidation signal. The kinetic parameters of trypsin, such as the catalytic constant (kcat), the Michaelis constant (KM) and the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM), toward the CGGGRYR peptide were determined as 0.33 ± 0.01 min-1, 198 ± 24 nM and 0.0016 min-1 nM-1, respectively. Using the developed biosensor, we demonstrated the possibility of analysis of trypsin specificity toward the peptides with amino acid residues disrupting proteolysis. Further, we designed the peptides with proline or glutamic acid residues after the cleavage site (CGGRPYR and CGGREYR), and trypsin had reduced activity toward both of them according to the existing knowledge of the enzyme specificity. The developed biosensor system allows one to perform a comparative analysis of the protease steady-state kinetic parameters and specificity toward model peptides with different amino acid sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Filippova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Rami A Masamrekh
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Victoria V Shumyantseva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Ivan A Latsis
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | | | - Irina Y Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Sergey L Kanashenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Sergei A Moshkovskii
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Kuzikov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia.
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5
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Poma N, Vivaldi F, Bonini A, Biagini D, Bottai D, Tavanti A, Di Francesco F. Voltammetric sensing of trypsin activity using gelatin as a substrate. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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6
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Li S, Coffinier Y, Lagadec C, Cleri F, Nishiguchi K, Fujiwara A, Fujii T, Kim SH, Clément N. Redox-labelled electrochemical aptasensors with nanosupported cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114643. [PMID: 36030742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of redox-labelled bioelectrochemical sensors from proteins to cells is not straightforward because of the cell downward force issue on the surface of the sensors. In this paper, 20-nm-thick nanopillars are introduced to overcome this issue, in a well-controlled manner. We show on both molecular dynamics simulations and experiments that suspending cells a few nanometers above an electrode surface enables redox-labelled tethered DNA aptamer probes to move freely, while remaining at an interaction distance from a target membrane protein, i. e. epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which is typically overexpressed in cancer cells. By this nanopillar configuration, the interaction of aptamer with cancer cells is clearly observable, with 13 cells as the lower limit of detection. Nanoconfinement induced by the gap between the electrode surface and the cell membrane appears to improve the limit of detection and to lower the melting temperature of DNA aptamer hairpins, offering an additional degree of freedom to optimize molecular recognition mechanisms. This novel nanosupported electrochemical DNA cell sensor scheme including Brownian-fluctuating redox species opens new opportunities for the design of all-electrical sensors using redox-labelled probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Y Coffinier
- IEMN, CNRS UMR8520, Univ. Lille Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, Villeneuve D'Ascq Cedex, 59652, France
| | - C Lagadec
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - F Cleri
- IEMN, CNRS UMR8520, Univ. Lille Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, Villeneuve D'Ascq Cedex, 59652, France
| | - K Nishiguchi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi, 243-0198, Japan
| | - A Fujiwara
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi, 243-0198, Japan
| | - T Fujii
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - S-H Kim
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - N Clément
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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7
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Veni, Vidi, Vici: Immobilized Peptide-Based Conjugates as Tools for Capture, Analysis, and Transformation. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of peptide biomarkers of pathological states of the organism is often a serious challenge, due to a very complex composition of the cell and insufficient sensitivity of the current analytical methods (including mass spectrometry). One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is sample enrichment by capturing the selected components using a specific solid support. Another option is increasing the detectability of the desired compound by its selective tagging. Appropriately modified and immobilized peptides can be used for these purposes. In addition, they find application in studying the specificity and activity of proteolytic enzymes. Immobilized heterocyclic peptide conjugates may serve as metal ligands, to form complexes used as catalysts or analytical markers. In this review, we describe various applications of immobilized peptides, including selective capturing of cysteine-containing peptides, tagging of the carbonyl compounds to increase the sensitivity of their detection, enrichment of biological samples in deoxyfructosylated peptides, and fishing out of tyrosine–containing peptides by the formation of azo bond. Moreover, the use of the one-bead-one-compound peptide library for the analysis of substrate specificity and activity of caspases is described. Furthermore, the evolution of immobilization from the solid support used in peptide synthesis to nanocarriers is presented. Taken together, the examples presented here demonstrate immobilized peptides as a multifunctional tool, which can be successfully used to solve multiple analytical problems.
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8
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Wilkinson LA, Bennett TLR, Grace IM, Hamill J, Wang X, Au-Yong S, Ismael A, Jarvis SP, Hou S, Albrecht T, Cohen LF, Lambert C, Robinson BJ, Long NJ. Assembly, structure and thermoelectric properties of 1,1′-dialkynylferrocene ‘hinges’. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8380-8387. [PMID: 35919728 PMCID: PMC9297386 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialkynylferrocenes exhibit attractive electronic and rotational features that make them ideal candidates for use in molecular electronic applications. However previous works have primarily focussed on single-molecule studies, with limited opportunities to translate these features into devices. In this report, we utilise a variety of techniques to examine both the geometric and electronic structure of a range of 1,1′-dialkynylferrocene molecules, as either single-molecules, or as self-assembled monolayers. Previous single molecule studies have shown that similar molecules can adopt an ‘open’ conformation. However, in this work, DFT calculations, STM-BJ experiments and AFM imaging reveal that these molecules prefer to occupy a ‘hairpin’ conformation, where both alkynes point towards the metal surface. Interestingly we find that only one of the terminal anchor groups binds to the surface, though both the presence and nature of the second alkyne affect the thermoelectric properties of these systems. First, the secondary alkyne acts to affect the position of the frontier molecular orbitals, leading to increases in the Seebeck coefficient. Secondly, theoretical calculations suggested that rotating the secondary alkyne away from the surface acts to modulate thermoelectric properties. This work represents the first of its kind to examine the assembly of dialkynylferrocenes, providing valuable information about both their structure and electronic properties, as well as unveiling new ways in which both of these properties can be controlled. Dialkynylferrocenes are interesting candidates for molecular electronics. Herein, numerous experiments are applied to probe their properties both as single-molecules and in monolayers, demonstrating unique geometric and thermoelectric properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRH, White City, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Troy L. R. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRH, White City, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Iain M. Grace
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Department of Chemistry, Birmingham University, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Xintai Wang
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophie Au-Yong
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Ali Ismael
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Samuel P. Jarvis
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Songjun Hou
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Tim Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Birmingham University, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lesley F. Cohen
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Colin Lambert
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | | | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRH, White City, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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Wang M, Li L, Zhang L, Zhao J, Jiang Z, Wang W. Peptide-Derived Biosensors and Their Applications in Tumor Immunology-Related Detection. Anal Chem 2021; 94:431-441. [PMID: 34846861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecular targeting peptides possess features of biocompatibility, affinity, and specificity, which is widely applied in molecular recognition and detection. Moreover, peptides can be developed into highly ordered supramolecular assemblies with boosting binding affinities, diverse functions, and enhanced stabilities suitable for biosensors construction. In this Review, we summarize recent progress of peptide-based biosensors for precise detection, especially on tumor-related analysis, as well as further provide a brief overview of the progress in tumor immune-related detection. Also, we are looking forward to the prospective future of peptide-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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10
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Hu Q, Su L, Chen Z, Huang Y, Qin D, Niu L. Coenzyme-Mediated Electro-RAFT Polymerization for Amplified Electrochemical Interrogation of Trypsin Activity. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9602-9608. [PMID: 34185503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin is a key proteolytic enzyme in the digestive system and its abnormal levels are indicative of some pancreatic diseases. Taking advantage of the coenzyme-mediated electrografting of ferrocenyl polymers as a novel strategy for signal amplification, herein, a signal-on cleavage-based electrochemical biosensor is reported for the highly selective interrogation of trypsin activity at ultralow levels. The construction of the trypsin biosensor involves (i) the immobilization of peptide substrates (without free carboxyl groups) via the N-terminus, (ii) the tryptic cleavage of peptide substrates, (iii) the site-specific labeling of the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents, and (iv) the grafting of ferrocenyl polymers through the electro-RAFT (eRAFT) polymerization, which is mediated by potentiostatic reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) coenzymes. Through the NAD+-mediated eRAFT (NAD+-eRAFT) polymerization of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FcMMA), the presence of a few tryptic cleavage events can eventually result in the recruitment of a considerable amount of ferrocene redox tags. Obviously, the NAD+-eRAFT polymerization is low-cost and easy to operate as a highly efficient strategy for signal amplification. As expected, the as-constructed biosensor is highly selective and sensitive toward the signal-on interrogation of trypsin activity. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit can be as low as 18.2 μU/mL (∼72.8 pg/mL). The results also demonstrate that the as-constructed electrochemical trypsin biosensor is applicable to inhibitor screening and the interrogation of enzyme activity in the presence of complex sample matrices. Moreover, it is low-cost, less susceptible to false-positive results, and relatively easy to fabricate, thus holding great potential in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Hu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Luofeng Su
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuohua Chen
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yanyu Huang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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11
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Gurunarayanan V, Ramapanicker R. Amphiphilic conjugates of ferrocene with amino acids and peptides: Design, synthesis, and studies on their aggregation behavior. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3332. [PMID: 33884698 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new class of ferrocenyl surfactants based on covalent linkage between amino acids or peptides and ferrocene was designed. Accordingly, five ferrocenyl amphiphiles, FcS1-5, were synthesized, and their aggregation behaviors in aqueous solutions were studied. Compared to the other surfactants containing ferrocenyl units, FcS have a relatively smaller size and low molecular weight and are easy to synthesize. The influences of the number of carboxylic acid head groups and the number of Fc group in the hydrophobic tail, on the stability and aggregation behavior of these amphiphiles in aqueous medium, were explored to deduce the structure property relationships. A combination of fluorescence and dynamic light scattering techniques was used to elucidate the behavior of these molecules. A good agreement between the results obtained using different techniques was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinithra Gurunarayanan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Ramesh Ramapanicker
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India.,Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
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12
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Vanova V, Mitrevska K, Milosavljevic V, Hynek D, Richtera L, Adam V. Peptide-based electrochemical biosensors utilized for protein detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113087. [PMID: 33662844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are generally detected as biomarkers for tracing or determining various disorders in organisms. Biomarker proteins can be tracked in samples with various origins and in different concentrations, revealing whether an organism is in a healthy or unhealthy state. In regard to detection, electrochemical biosensors are a potential fusion of electronics, chemistry, and biology, allowing for fast and early point-of-care detection from a biological sample with the advantages of high sensitivity, simple construction, and easy operation. Peptides present a promising approach as a biorecognition element when connected with electrochemical biosensors. The benefits of short peptides lie mainly in their good stability and selective affinity to a target analyte. Therefore, peptide-based electrochemical biosensors (PBEBs) represent an alternative approach for the detection of different protein biomarkers. This review provides a summary of the past decade of recently proposed PBEBs designed for protein detection, dividing them according to different protein types: (i) enzyme detection, including proteases and kinases; (ii) antibody detection; and (iii) other protein detection. According to these protein types, different sensing mechanisms are discussed, such as the peptide cleavage by a proteases, phosphorylation by kinases, presence of antibodies, and exploiting of affinities; furthermore, measurements are obtained by different electrochemical methods. A discussion and comparison of various constructions, modifications, immobilization strategies and different sensing techniques in terms of high sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and potential for practical application are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Mitrevska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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13
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Ucar A, González-Fernández E, Staderini M, Avlonitis N, Murray AF, Bradley M, Mount AR. Miniaturisation of a peptide-based electrochemical protease activity sensor using platinum microelectrodes. Analyst 2020; 145:975-982. [PMID: 31829318 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are ideal target biomarkers as they have been implicated in many disease states, including steps associated with cancer progression. Electrochemical peptide-based biosensors have attracted much interest in recent years. However, the significantly large size of the electrodes typically used in most of these platforms has led to performance limitations. These could be addressed by the enhancements offered by microelectrodes, such as rapid response times, improved mass transport, higher signal-to-noise and sensitivity, as well as more localised and less invasive measurements. We present the production and characterisation of a miniaturised electrochemical biosensor for the detection of trypsin, based on 25 μm diameter Pt microelectrodes (rather than the ubiquitous Au electrodes), benchmarked by establishing the equivalent Pt macroelectrode response in terms of quantitative response to the protease, the kinetics of cleavage and the effects of non-specific protein binding and temperature. Interestingly, although there was little difference between Au and Pt macroelectrode response, significant differences were observed between the responses of the Pt macroelectrode and microelectrode systems indicative of increased reproducibility in the microelectrode SAM structure and sensor performance between the electrodes, increased storage stability and a decrease in the cleavage rate at functionalised microelectrodes, which is mitigated by measurement at normal body temperature. Together, these results demonstrate the robustness and sensitivity of the miniaturised sensing platform and its ability to operate within the clinically-relevant concentration ranges of proteases in normal and disease states. These are critical features for its translation into implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ucar
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
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14
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Hu Q, Bao Y, Gan S, Zhang Y, Han D, Niu L. Electrochemically controlled grafting of polymers for ultrasensitive electrochemical assay of trypsin activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Hu Q, Bao Y, Gan S, Zhang Y, Han D, Niu L. Amplified Electrochemical Biosensing of Thrombin Activity by RAFT Polymerization. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3470-3476. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Hu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bao
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Gan
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China
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16
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Wei T, Wang F, Zhang Z, Qiang J, Lv J, Chen T, Li J, Chen X. Recent Progress in the Development of Fluorometric Chemosensors to Detect Enzymatic Activity. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3923-3957. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are a class of macromolecules that function as highly efficient and specific
biological catalysts requiring only mild reaction conditions. Enzymes are essential to
maintaining life activities, including promoting metabolism and homeostasis, and participating
in a variety of physiological functions. Accordingly, enzymatic levels and activity are
closely related to the health of the organism, where enzymatic dysfunctions often lead to corresponding
diseases in the host. Due to this, diagnosis of certain diseases is based on the levels
and activity of certain enzymes. Therefore, rapid real-time and accurate detection of enzymes
in situ are important for diagnosis, monitoring, clinical treatment and pathological
studies of disease. Fluorescent probes have unique advantages in terms of detecting enzymes,
including being simple to use in highly sensitive and selective real-time rapid in-situ noninvasive
and highly spatial resolution visual imaging. However, fluorescent probes are most
commonly used to detect oxidoreductases, transferases and hydrolases due to the processes
and types of enzyme reactions. This paper summarizes the application of fluorescent probes to
detect these three types of enzymes over the past five years. In addition, we introduce the
mechanisms underlying detection of these enzymes by their corresponding probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Wei
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiang Qiang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Lv
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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17
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Song Y, Fan H, Anderson MJ, Wright JG, Hua DH, Koehne J, Meyyappan M, Li J. Electrochemical Activity Assay for Protease Analysis Using Carbon Nanofiber Nanoelectrode Arrays. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3971-3979. [PMID: 30726059 PMCID: PMC6501207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong demand for bioanalytical techniques to rapidly detect protease activities with high sensitivity and high specificity. This study reports an activity-based electrochemical method toward this goal. Nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) fabricated with embedded vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) are functionalized with specific peptide substrates containing a ferrocene (Fc) tag. The kinetic proteolysis curves are measured with continuously repeated ac voltammetry, from which the catalytic activity is derived as the inverse of the exponential decay time constant based on a heterogeneous Michaelis-Menten model. Comparison of three peptide substrates with different lengths reveals that the hexapeptide H2N-(CH2)4-CO-Pro-Leu-Arg-Phe-Gly-Ala-NH-CH2-Fc is the optimal probe for cathepsin B. The activity strongly depends on temperature and is the highest around the body temperature. With the optimized peptide substrate and measuring conditions, the limit of detection of cathepsin B activity and concentration can reach 2.49 × 10-4 s-1 and 0.32 nM, respectively. The peptide substrates show high specificity to the cognate proteases, with negligible cross-reactions among three cancer-related proteases cathepsin B, ADAM10, and ADAM17. This electrochemical method can be developed into multiplex chips for rapid profiling of protease activities in cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Huafang Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Morgan J. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jestin Gage Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Duy H. Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jessica Koehne
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - M. Meyyappan
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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18
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Puiu M, Bala C. Peptide-based biosensors: From self-assembled interfaces to molecular probes in electrochemical assays. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 120:66-75. [PMID: 29182910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox-tagged peptides have emerged as functional materials with multiple applications in the area of sensing and biosensing applications due to their high stability, excellent redox properties and versatility of biomolecular interactions. They allow direct observation of molecular interactions in a wide range of affinity and enzymatic assays and act as electron mediators. Short helical peptides possess the ability to self-assemble in specific configurations with the possibility to develop in highly-ordered, stable 1D, 2D and 3D architectures in a hierarchical controlled manner. We provide here a brief overview of the electrochemical techniques available to study the electron transfer in peptide films with particular interest in developing biosensors with immobilized peptide motifs, for biological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Puiu
- R&D Center LaborQ, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Bala
- R&D Center LaborQ, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania.
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19
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Liu X, Liu H, Li M, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Highly Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence Assay for Cardiac Troponin I and Adenosine Triphosphate by using Supersandwich Amplification and Bifunctional Aptamer. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
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20
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Wang F, Gao J, Zhao J, Zhang W, Bai J, Jia H, Wang Y. A new two-mode fluorescence signal amplification strategy for protease activity assay based on graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new graphene oxide-based two-mode fluorescence signal amplification strategy for the detection of protease activity has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
| | - Yucong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
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21
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Park S, Kim G, Seo J, Yang H. Ultrasensitive Protease Sensors Using Selective Affinity Binding, Selective Proteolytic Reaction, and Proximity-Dependent Electrochemical Reaction. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11995-12000. [PMID: 28193073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of a fast and ultrasensitive protease detection method is a challenging task. This paper reports ultrasensitive protease sensors exploiting (i) selective affinity binding, (ii) selective proteolytic reaction, and (iii) proximity-dependent electrochemical reaction. The selective affinity binding to capture IgG increases the concentration of the target protease (trypsin as a model protease) near the electrode, and the selective proteolytic reaction by trypsin increases the concentration of the redox-active species near the electrode. The electrochemical reaction, which is more sensitive to the concentration of the redox-active species near the electrode than to its bulk concentration, provides an increased electrochemical signal, which is further amplified by the electrochemical-chemical redox cycling. An indium-tin oxide electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide, avidin, and biotinylated capture IgG is used as the electrode, and p-aminophenol liberated from an oligopeptide is used as the redox-active species. The new sensor scheme using no washing process is compared with the new sensor scheme using washing process, and with the conventional scheme using only proteolytic reaction. The new scheme provides a higher signal-to-background ratio and a lower detection limit. Moreover, the increased electrochemical signal offers a more selective protease detection. Trypsin can be detected in phosphate-buffered saline and in artificial serum containing l-ascorbic acid with a low detection limit of 0.5 pg/mL, over a wide range of concentrations, and with an incubation period of only 30 min without washing process. The washing-free electrochemical protease sensor is highly promising for simple, fast, ultrasensitive, and selective point-of-care testing of low-abundance proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonhwa Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Gamwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jeongwook Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Korea
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22
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Chen H, Huang J, Palaniappan A, Wang Y, Liedberg B, Platt M, Tok AIY. A review on electronic bio-sensing approaches based on non-antibody recognition elements. Analyst 2016; 141:2335-46. [PMID: 27002177 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02623g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent advances in the development of electronic detection methodologies based on non-antibody recognition elements such as functional liposomes, aptamers and synthetic peptides are discussed. Particularly, we highlight the progress of field effect transistor (FET) sensing platforms where possible as the number of publications on FET-based platforms has increased rapidly. Biosensors involving antibody-antigen interactions have been widely applied in diagnostics and healthcare in virtue of their superior selectivity and sensitivity, which can be attributed to their high binding affinity and extraordinary specificity, respectively. However, antibodies typically suffer from fragile and complicated functional structures, large molecular size and sophisticated preparation approaches (resource-intensive and time-consuming), resulting in limitations such as short shelf-life, insufficient stability and poor reproducibility. Recently, bio-sensing approaches based on synthetic elements have been intensively explored. In contrast to existing reports, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the development of biosensors utilizing synthetic recognition elements and a detailed comparison of their assay performances. Therefore, this review would serve as a good summary of the efforts for the development of electronic bio-sensing approaches involving synthetic recognition elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
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23
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Dang Q, Gao H, Li Z, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Simple and sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence peptide-based biosensor for detection of matrix metalloproteinase 2 released from living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7067-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Dong M, Liu X, Dang Q, Qi H, Huang Y, Gao Q, Zhang C. Sensitive and versatile electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensing platform for protein kinase based on Ru(bpy)32+ functionalized gold nanoparticles mediated signal transduction. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 906:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Chen J, Liu Y, Zhao GC. A Novel Photoelectrochemical Biosensor for Tyrosinase and Thrombin Detection. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16010135. [PMID: 26805846 PMCID: PMC4732168 DOI: 10.3390/s16010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoelectrochemical biosensor for step-by-step assay of tyrosinase and thrombin was fabricated based on the specific interactions between the designed peptide and the target enzymes. A peptide chain with a special sequence which contains a positively charged lysine-labeled terminal, tyrosine at the other end and a cleavage site recognized by thrombin between them was designed. The designed peptide can be fixed on surface of the CdTe quantum dots (QDs)-modified indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode through electrostatic attraction to construct the photoelectrochemical biosensor. The tyrosinase target can catalyze the oxidization of tyrosine by oxygen into ortho-benzoquinone residues, which results in a decrease in the sensor photocurrent. Subsequently, the cleavage site could be recognized and cut off by another thrombin target, restoring the sensor photocurrent. The decrease or increase of photocurrent in the sensor enables us to assay tyrosinase and thrombin. Thus, the detection of tyrosinase and thrombin can be achieved in the linear range from 2.6 to 32 μg/mL and from 4.5 to 100 μg/mL with detection limits of 1.5 μg/mL and 1.9 μg/mL, respectively. Most importantly, this strategy shall allow us to detect different classes of enzymes simultaneously by designing various enzyme-specific peptide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexia Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
- Departement of Chemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Guang-Chao Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
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26
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Dudani JS, Jain PK, Kwong GA, Stevens KR, Bhatia SN. Photoactivated Spatiotemporally-Responsive Nanosensors of in Vivo Protease Activity. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11708-17. [PMID: 26565752 PMCID: PMC5588683 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteases play diverse and important roles in physiology and disease, including influencing critical processes in development, immune responses, and malignancies. Both the abundance and activity of these enzymes are tightly regulated and highly contextual; thus, in order to elucidate their specific impact on disease progression, better tools are needed to precisely monitor in situ protease activity. Current strategies for detecting protease activity are focused on functionalizing synthetic peptide substrates with reporters that emit detection signals following peptide cleavage. However, these activity-based probes lack the capacity to be turned on at sites of interest and, therefore, are subject to off-target activation. Here we report a strategy that uses light to precisely control both the location and time of activity-based sensing. We develop photocaged activity-based sensors by conjugating photolabile molecules directly onto peptide substrates, thereby blocking protease cleavage by steric hindrance. At sites of disease, exposure to ultraviolet light unveils the nanosensors to allow proteases to cleave and release a reporter fragment that can be detected remotely. We apply this spatiotemporally controlled system to probe secreted protease activity in vitro and tumor protease activity in vivo. In vitro, we demonstrate the ability to dynamically and spatially measure metalloproteinase activity in a 3D model of colorectal cancer. In vivo, veiled nanosensors are selectively activated at the primary tumor site in colorectal cancer xenografts to capture the tumor microenvironment-enriched protease activity. The ability to remotely control activity-based sensors may offer a valuable complement to existing tools for measuring biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep S. Dudani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Piyush K. Jain
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Gabriel A. Kwong
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Kelly R. Stevens
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139
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27
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Puiu M, Idili A, Moscone D, Ricci F, Bala C. A modular electrochemical peptide-based sensor for antibody detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:8962-5. [PMID: 24975136 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a modular electrochemical peptide-based sensor targeting the anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) antibody. A recognition peptide, here DGP, is grafted onto a supporting peptide bearing a redox label. The fabricated peptide-based sensor supports the detection of the target antibody (anti-DGP antibody) in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Puiu
- Laboratory for Quality Control and Process Monitoring, University of Bucharest, 030018-Bucharest, Romania
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28
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Wu Z, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xiao H, Shen A, Zhou X, Hu J. A simple and universal “turn-on” detection platform for proteases based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 65:375-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Wang GL, Shu JX, Dong YM, Wu XM, Zhao WW, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Using G-Quadruplex/Hemin To “Switch-On” the Cathodic Photocurrent of p-Type PbS Quantum Dots: Toward a Versatile Platform for Photoelectrochemical Aptasensing. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2892-900. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5043945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Li Wang
- The
Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Xian Shu
- The
Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Ming Dong
- The
Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Wu
- The
Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Castillo G, Pribransky K, Mező G, Kocsis L, Csámpai A, Németh K, Keresztes Z, Hianik T. Electrochemical and Photometric Detection of Plasmin by Specific Peptide Substrate. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Liu Q, Wang J, Boyd BJ. Peptide-based biosensors. Talanta 2015; 136:114-27. [PMID: 25702993 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have been used as components in biological analysis and fabrication of novel biosensors for a number of reasons, including mature synthesis protocols, diverse structures and as highly selective substrates for enzymes. Bio-conjugation strategies can provide an efficient way to convert interaction information between peptides and analytes into a measurable signal, which can be used for fabrication of novel peptide-based biosensors. Many sensitive fluorophores can respond rapidly to environmental changes and stimuli manifest as a change in spectral characteristics, hence environmentally-sensitive fluorophores have been widely used as signal markers to conjugate to peptides to construct peptide-based molecular sensors. Additionally, nanoparticles, fluorescent polymers, graphene and near infrared dyes are also used as peptide-conjugated signal markers. On the other hand, peptides may play a generalist role in peptide-based biosensors. Peptides have been utilized as bio-recognition elements to bind various analytes including proteins, nucleic acid, bacteria, metal ions, enzymes and antibodies in biosensors. The selectivity of peptides as an enzymatic substrate has thus been utilized to construct enzyme sensors or enzyme-activity sensors. In addition, progress on immobilization and microarray techniques of peptides has facilitated the progress and commercial application of chip-based peptide biosensors in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Liu
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics-Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Australian Future Fibres Research and Innovation Centre, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics-Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
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32
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Bai X, Lu B, Chen X, Zhang B, Tang J. Reversible detection of vancomycin using peptide-functionalized cantilever array sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 62:145-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Zhang H, Yu D, Zhao Y, Fan A. Turn-on chemiluminescent sensing platform for label-free protease detection using streptavidin-modified magnetic beads. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Park S, Yang H. Sensitive and selective trypsin detection using redox cycling in the presence ofl-ascorbic acid. Analyst 2014; 139:4051-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00465e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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35
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Swisher LZ, Prior AM, Shishido S, Nguyen TA, Hua DH, Li J. Quantitative electrochemical detection of cathepsin B activity in complex tissue lysates using enhanced AC voltammetry at carbon nanofiber nanoelectrode arrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:129-36. [PMID: 24480132 PMCID: PMC3943551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The proteolytic activity of a cancer-related enzyme cathepsin B is measured with alternating current voltammetry (ACV) using ferrocene (Fc) labeled tetrapeptides attached to nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) fabricated with vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs). This combination enables the use of high AC frequencies (~1kHz) with enhanced electrochemical signals. The specific proteolysis of the Fc-peptide by cathepsin B produces decay in the ACV peak current versus the reaction time. The exponential component of the raw data can be extracted and defined as the "extracted proteolytic signal" which allows consistent quantitative analyses using a heterogeneous Michaelis-Menten model. A "specificity constant" kcat/KM = (3.68 ± 0.50) × 10(4)M(-1)s(-1) for purified cathepsin B was obtained. The detections of cathepsin B activity in different concentrations of whole lysate of human breast tissue, tissue lysate spiked with varied concentrations of cathepsin B, and the tissue lysate after immunoprecipitation showed that there is ~13.4 nM higher cathepsin B concentration in 29.1 µg mL(-1) of whole tissue lysate than the immunoprecipitated sample. The well-defined regular VACNF NEAs by e-beam lithography show a much faster kinetics for cathepsin B proteolysis with kcat/KM = 9.2 × 10(4)M(-1)s(-1). These results illustrate the potential of this technique as a portable multiplex electronic system for cancer diagnosis by rapid protease profiling of serum or blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Z Swisher
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Allan M Prior
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Stephanie Shishido
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Thu A Nguyen
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Duy H Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
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36
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Wang C, Ouyang J, Wang YY, Ye DK, Xia XH. Sensitive assay of protease activity on a micro/nanofluidics preconcentrator fused with the fluorescence resonance energy transfer detection technique. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3216-21. [PMID: 24568176 DOI: 10.1021/ac500196s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A fast and sensitive assay of protease activity on a micro/nanofluidics preconcentrator combining with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection technique has been developed in a homogeneous real-time format. First, the functionalized nanoprobes are formed by loading dye labeled protein onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in which, the photoluminescence of donor dye was strongly quenched by AuNPs due to FRET mechanisms. For protease activity assay, the nanoprobes are enriched by a micro/nanofluidics preconcentrator. When the target protease is transported to the enriched nanoprobes, cleavage of protein occurs as a consequence of molecular recognition of enzyme to substrate. The release of cleavage fragments from AuNPs nanoprobes leads to the enhancement of fluorescence and enables the protease activity assay on the micro/nanofluidics chip. As a demonstration, digestion of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dog serum albumin (FITC-DSA) by trypsin was used as a model reaction. Because of the highly efficient preconcentration and space confinement effect, significantly increased protein cleavage rate and protease assay sensitivity can be achieved with enhanced enzyme activity. The present micro/nanofluidics platform fused with the FRET detection technique is promising for fast and sensitive bioanalysis such as immunoassay, DNA hybridization, drug discovery, and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
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37
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Amplified voltammetric characterization of cleavage of the biotinylated peptide by BACE1 and screening of BACE1 inhibitors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:224-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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A simple and general approach to assay protease activity with electrochemical technique. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 45:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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High sensitive trypsin activity evaluation applying a nanostructured QCM-sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 41:862-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Swisher LZ, Syed LU, Prior AM, Madiyar FR, Carlson KR, Nguyen TA, Hua DH, Li J. Electrochemical Protease Biosensor Based on Enhanced AC Voltammetry Using Carbon Nanofiber Nanoelectrode Arrays. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2013; 117:4268-4277. [PMID: 23814632 PMCID: PMC3694732 DOI: 10.1021/jp312031u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an electrochemical method for measuring the activity of proteases using nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) fabricated with vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs). The VACNFs of ~150 nm in diameter and 3 to 5 μm in length were grown on conductive substrates and encapsulated in SiO2 matrix. After polishing and plasma etching, controlled VACNF tips are exposed to form an embedded VACNF NEA. Two types of tetrapeptides specific to cancer-mediated proteases legumain and cathepsin B are covalently attached to the exposed VACNF tip, with a ferrocene (Fc) moiety linked at the distal end. The redox signal of Fc can be measured with AC voltammetry (ACV) at ~1 kHz frequency on VACNF NEAs, showing distinct properties from macroscopic glassy carbon electrodes due to VACNF's unique interior structure. The enhanced ACV properties enable the kinetic measurements of proteolytic cleavage of the surface-attached tetrapeptides by proteases, further validated with a fluorescence assay. The data can be analyzed with a heterogeneous Michaelis-Menten model, giving "specificity constant" kcat /Km as (4.3 ± 0.8) × 104 M-1s-1 for cathepsin B and (1.13 ± 0.38) × 104 M-1s-1 for legumain. This method could be developed as portable multiplex electronic techniques for rapid cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Z. Swisher
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Lateef U. Syed
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Allan M. Prior
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Foram R. Madiyar
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Kyle R. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Thu A. Nguyen
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Duy H. Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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41
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Anne A, Demaille C. Kinetics of enzyme action on surface-attached substrates: a practical guide to progress curve analysis in any kinetic situation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:14665-14671. [PMID: 22978617 DOI: 10.1021/la3030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, exact kinetic equations describing the action of an enzyme in solution on a substrate attached to a surface have been derived in the framework of the Michaelis-Menten mechanism but without resorting to the often-used steady-state approximation. The here-derived kinetic equations are cast in a workable format, allowing us to introduce a simple and universal procedure for the quantitative analysis of enzyme surface kinetics that is valid for any kinetic situation. The results presented here should allow experimentalists studying the kinetics of enzyme action on immobilized substrates to analyze their data in a perfectly rigorous way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Anne
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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42
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Breuer R, Schmittel M. Redox-Stable SAMs in Water (pH 0–12) from 1,1′-Biferrocenylene-Terminated Thiols on Gold. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300718k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rochus Breuer
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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43
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Choi I, Yeo WS. Self-Assembled Monolayers with Dynamicity Stemming from (Bio)Chemical Conversions: From Construction to Application. Chemphyschem 2012; 14:55-69. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Anne A, Chovin A, Demaille C. Optimizing electrode-attached redox-peptide systems for kinetic characterization of protease action on immobilized substrates. Observation of dissimilar behavior of trypsin and thrombin enzymes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:8804-8813. [PMID: 22591015 DOI: 10.1021/la301316r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we experimentally address the issue of optimizing gold electrode attached ferrocene (Fc)-peptide systems for kinetic measurements of protease action. Considering human α-thrombin and bovine trypsin as proteases of interest, we show that the recurring problem of incomplete cleavage of the peptide layer by these enzymes can be solved by using ultraflat template-stripped gold, instead of polished polycrystalline gold, as the Fc-peptide bearing electrode material. We describe how these fragile surfaces can be mounted in a rotating disk configuration so that enzyme mass transfer no longer limits the overall measured cleavage kinetics. Finally, we demonstrate that, once the system has been optimized, in situ real-time cyclic voltammetry monitoring of the protease action can yield high-quality kinetic data, showing no sign of interfering effects. The cleavage progress curves then closely match the Langmuirian variation expected for a kinetically controlled surface process. Global fit of the progress curves yield accurate values of the peptide cleavage rate for both trypsin and thrombin. It is shown that, whereas trypsin action on the surface-attached peptide closely follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, thrombin displays a specific and unexpected behavior characterized by a nearly enzyme-concentration-independent cleavage rate in the subnanomolar enzyme concentration range. The reason for this behavior has still to be clarified, but its occurrence may limit the sensitivity of thrombin sensors based on Fc-peptide layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Anne
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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45
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46
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Short peptides as biosensor transducers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:3055-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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47
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Gerasimov JY, Lai RY. Design and characterization of an electrochemical peptide-based sensor fabricated via“click” chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8688-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12783g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Zhang JJ, Zheng TT, Cheng FF, Zhu JJ. Electrochemical sensing for caspase 3 activity and inhibition using quantum dot functionalized carbon nanotube labels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 47:1178-80. [PMID: 21072431 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical sensing platform for sensitive determination of caspase 3 activity and inhibition was developed by combining the site-specific recognition and cleavage of the DEVD-peptide with quantum dots as signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
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