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Xu H, Wang S, Zhang X, Yang S, Hu R, Liu T, Jiang X, Yu X. Coordination Compound Guided a Novel Composite Film with Zn 2V 2O 7 Nanoflake and VO 2@Zn 2V 2O 7 Nanoparticle for Enhanced Thermochromism Smart Window. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2312004. [PMID: 39206612 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Thermochromic vanadium dioxide (VO2) can intelligently modulate the transmittance of indoor solar radiation to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning in buildings. Nevertheless, it remains a great challenge to simultaneously improve the luminous transmittance (Tlum) and solar modulation ability (ΔTsol) of VO2. In this study, a novel approach is employed utilizing a coordination compound to finely tune the growth of a VO2 based composite film, yielding a hierarchical film comprising Zn2V2O7 nanoflakes and VO2@Zn2V2O7 core-shell nanoparticles. Remarkably, the resulting composite films showcase exceptional optical performance, achieving a Tlum of up to 73.0% and ΔTsol of 15.7%. These outcomes are attributed to the antireflection properties inherent in the nanoflake structure and the localized surface plasmon resonance of well-dispersed VO2 nanoparticles. In addition, the Zn2V2O7-VO2 film demonstrates remarkable environmental durability, retaining 90% of its initial ΔTsol even after undergoing aging at 100 °C under 50% relative humidity for a substantial period of 30 days - a durability equivalent to ≈20 years under ambient conditions. This work not only achieves a harmonious balance between Tlum and ΔTsol but also introduces a promising avenue for the design of distinctive composite nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Xu
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Shang Wang
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijun Yang
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Riming Hu
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Tongyao Liu
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xuchuan Jiang
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
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Gao H, Liang Y, Huang Y, Huang H, Li R, Peng W. Multiwavelength camouflage metamaterials with adjustable emissivity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36770-36780. [PMID: 38017820 DOI: 10.1364/oe.497472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials-based multispectral camouflage has attracted growing interest in most fields of military and aerospace due to its unprecedented emission adjustability covering an ultra-broadband spectral range. Conventional camouflage mainly concentrates on an individual spectral range, e. g. either of visible, mid-wavelength-infrared (MWIR) or long-wavelength-infrared (LWIR), which is especially incapable of self-adaptive thermal camouflage to the changing ambient environment. Here, we theoretically demonstrate a multispectral camouflage metamaterial consisting of a four-layer titanium/silicon/vanadium dioxide/ titanium (Ti/Si/VO2/Ti) nanostructure, where the background temperature-adaptive thermal camouflage is implemented by exploiting the switchable metal/dielectric state of the phase-changing material VO2 for regulating the infrared emissivity of the designed metamaterial, whilst visible color camouflage is also achieved by tuning thickness of middle Si layer to match the background's appearance. It has been shown that the designed metamaterial with the dielectric state of VO2 enables thermal camouflage of high background temperature by increasing the thermal emission (average emissivity of 0.69/0.83 for MWIR/LWIR range), meanwhile, the metamaterial of the metallic state of VO2 for low background temperature thermal camouflage stemming from low emission (average emissivity of 0.29 for both MWIR/LWIR range) due to high infrared reflection. Furthermore, the designed metamaterial structural color is robust for a phase change switching. This proposed adaptive camouflage provides a potential strategy to broaden dynamical camouflage technology for further practical application in the fields of military and civilian.
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Ding X, Li Y, Zhang Y. Sol-Gel Derived Tungsten Doped VO 2 Thin Films on Si Substrate with Tunable Phase Transition Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093778. [PMID: 37175188 PMCID: PMC10179862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) with semiconductor-metal phase transition characteristics has presented great application potential in various optoelectrical smart devices. However, the preparation of doped VO2 film with a lower phase transition threshold on Si substrate needs more investigation for the exploration of silicon-based VO2 devices. In this work, the VO2 films doped with different contents of W element were fabricated on high-purity Si substrate, assisted with a post-annealing process. The films exhibited good crystallinity and uniform thickness. The X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations illustrated that W element can be doped into the lattice of VO2 and lead to small lattice distortion. In turn, the in situ FT-IR measurements indicated that the phase transition temperature of the VO2 films can be decreased continuously with W doping content. Simultaneously, the doping would lead to largely enhanced conductivity in the film, which results in reduced optical transmittance. This work provides significant insights into the design of doped VO2 films for silicon-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ding
- AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China
- National Innovation (Qingdao) High Speed Train Material Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao 370214, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Materials Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Technical College, Deyang 618000, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Technical College, Deyang 618000, China
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Bleu Y, Bourquard F, Barnier V, Loir AS, Garrelie F, Donnet C. Towards Room Temperature Phase Transition of W-Doped VO 2 Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition: Thermochromic, Surface, and Structural Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:461. [PMID: 36614799 PMCID: PMC9822253 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) with an insulator-to-metal (IMT) transition (∼68 °C) is considered a very attractive thermochromic material for smart window applications. Indeed, tailoring and understanding the thermochromic and surface properties at lower temperatures can enable room-temperature applications. The effect of W doping on the thermochromic, surface, and nanostructure properties of VO2 thin film was investigated in the present proof. W-doped VO2 thin films with different W contents were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using V/W (+O2) and V2O5/W multilayers. Rapid thermal annealing at 400-450 °C under oxygen flow was performed to crystallize the as-deposited films. The thermochromic, surface chemistry, structural, and morphological properties of the thin films obtained were investigated. The results showed that the V5+ was more surface sensitive and W distribution was homogeneous in all samples. Moreover, the V2O5 acted as a W diffusion barrier during the annealing stage, whereas the V+O2 environment favored W surface diffusion. The phase transition temperature gradually decreased with increasing W content with a high efficiency of -26 °C per at. % W. For the highest doping concentration of 1.7 at. %, VO2 showed room-temperature transition (26 °C) with high luminous transmittance (62%), indicating great potential for optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Bleu
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Florent Bourquard
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Vincent Barnier
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SMS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Loir
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Florence Garrelie
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Christophe Donnet
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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Integration of daytime radiative cooling and solar heating. iScience 2022; 26:105894. [PMID: 36647386 PMCID: PMC9840139 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, sustainable energy development has become a major theme of research. The combination of solar heating and daytime radiative cooling has the potential to build a competitive strategy to alleviate current environmental and energy problems. Several studies on the combination of daytime radiative cooling and solar heating have been reported to improve energy utilization efficiency. However, most integrations still have a low solar/mid-infrared spectrum regulation range, low heating/cooling performance, and poor stability. To promote this technology further for real-world applications, herein we summarize the latest progress, technical features, bottlenecks, and future opportunities for the current integration of daytime radiative cooling and solar heating through the switch mode (including electrical, thermal-responsive, and mechanical regulations) and collaborative mode.
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Barimah EK, Boontan A, Steenson DP, Jose G. Infrared optical properties modulation of VO2 thin film fabricated by ultrafast pulsed laser deposition for thermochromic smart window applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11421. [PMID: 35794203 PMCID: PMC9259692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, vanadium dioxide, (VO2(M1)), has been extensively utilised to fabricate thermochromic thin films with the focus on using external stimuli, such as heat, to modulate the visible through near-infrared transmittance for energy efficiency of buildings and indoor comfort. It is thus valuable to extend the study of thermochromic materials into the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths for applications such as smart radiative devices. On top of this, there are numerous challenges with synthesising pure VO2 (M1) thin films, as most fabrication techniques require the post-annealing of a deposited thin film to convert amorphous VO2 into a crystalline phase. Here, we present a direct method to fabricate thicker VO2(M1) thin films onto hot silica substrates (at substrate temperatures of 400 °C and 700 °C) from vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) precursor material. A high repetition rate (10 kHz) femtosecond laser is used to deposit the V2O5 leading to the formation of VO2 (M1) without any post-annealing steps. Surface morphology, structural properties, and UV–visible optical properties, including optical band gap and complex refractive index, as a function of the substrate temperature, were studied and reported below. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and X-ray diffraction studies confirm that VO2 (M1) thin films deposited at 700 °C are dominated by a highly texturized polycrystalline monoclinic crystalline structure. The thermochromic characteristics in the mid-infrared (MIR) at a wavelength range of 2.5–5.0 μm are presented using temperature-dependent transmittance measurements. The first-order phase transition from metal-to-semiconductor and the hysteresis bandwidth of the transition were confirmed to be 64.4 °C and 12.6 °C respectively, for a sample fabricated at 700 °C. Thermo-optical emissivity properties indicate that these VO2 (M1) thin films fabricated with femtosecond laser deposition have strong potential for both radiative thermal management or control via active energy-saving windows for buildings, and satellites and spacecraft.
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Cao C, Hu B, Tu G, Ji X, Li Z, Xu F, Chang T, Jin P, Cao X. Sputtering Flexible VO 2 Films for Effective Thermal Modulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28105-28113. [PMID: 35679605 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible vanadium dioxide (VO2) thermochromic films show great potential for large-scale fabrication and possess broader applications compared with VO2 coatings on rigid substrates. However, the fabrication of flexible VO2 films remains a challenge so far, leading to the scarcity of research on flexible VO2 films for smart windows. With the aim to obtain a flexible VO2-based films with excellent optical properties and a long service life, we designed and successfully fabricated a flexible ITO/VO2/ITO (IVI) film on the colorless transparent polyimide substrate, which could be directly attached to glasses for indoor temperature modulation. This flexible IVI film effectively enhances the luminous transmittance (Tlum) and solar modulation ability (ΔTsol) (15 and 68% increase relative to a VO2 single layer), reduces the thermal emissivity (εT) (50.7% decrease relative to a VO2 single layer), and exhibits better durability than previously reported structures. Such excellent comprehensive performance offers it great potential in practical applications on smart windows. This work is supposed to provide a new strategy for facile direct fabrication of flexible VO2 films and broaden the applications of flexible VO2 in more coatings and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guoli Tu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaowei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhongshao Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianci Chang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Lin C, Hur J, Chao CYH, Liu G, Yao S, Li W, Huang B. All-weather thermochromic windows for synchronous solar and thermal radiation regulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn7359. [PMID: 35486733 PMCID: PMC9054005 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive control of solar and thermal radiation through windows is of pivotal importance for building energy saving. However, such synchronous passive regulations are challenging to be integrated into one thermochromic window. Here, we develop a solar and thermal regulatory (STR) window by integrating poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) into pNIPAm/AgNW composites. A hitherto unexplored mechanism, originating from the temperature-triggered water capture and release due to pNIPAm phase transition, is exploited to achieve simultaneous regulations of solar transmission and thermal emission. The STR window shows excellent solar modulation (58.4%) and thermal modulation (57.1%) and demonstrates effective regulation of indoor temperatures during both daytime and nighttime. Compared to other thermochromic technologies, the STR window reduces heat loss in cold environment while promotes heat dissipation in hot conditions, achieving efficient energy saving in all weathers. This dual solar and thermal regulation mechanism may provide unidentified insights into the advancement of smart window technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjia Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Hur
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Y. H. Chao
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gongze Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, China
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Roshan Entezar S. Bistable absorption in a 1D photonic crystal with a nanocomposite defect layer. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:8445-8452. [PMID: 34612944 DOI: 10.1364/ao.436170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the nonlinear absorption properties of a defective one-dimensional photonic crystal at the near-infrared range using the nonlinear transfer matrix method. The defect is a nanocomposite layer containing vanadium dioxide nanoparticles sandwiched between two nonlinear dielectric layers. The linear absorption spectrum of the designed structure has three resonant absorption lines at the bandgap region of the photonic crystal. We can reconfigure the structure in the linear regime from nearly transparent to absorbent or vice versa in multiple resonant wavelengths by adjusting the temperature. Moreover, the system shows absorptive bistability by adjusting the intensity and incident angle of the input light. We discuss the tunability of the nonlinear absorption in detail. In the nonlinear regime, we show that, besides the temperature, the structure can be reconfigured from absorbent to transparent and vice versa by adjusting the incident optical power and the incident angle. We validate the results by examining the electric field distribution throughout the structure.
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Li Y, Kong F, Wang B, Zhao Y, Wang Z. Preparation of shape-controlling VO 2(M/R) nanoparticles via one-step hydrothermal synthesis. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2021; 14:311-320. [PMID: 36637725 PMCID: PMC9743865 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a facile one-step hydrothermal process that allows to synthesize high-purity VO2(M/R) nanoparticles with various morphologies such as nanorods, nanogranules, nanoblocks, and nanospheres. W dopants are successfully implanted in VO2(M/R) unit cells with high doping efficiency, which allows to regulate the size, morphology, and phase of obtained nanoparticles. The underlying regulation mechanism is presented in detail to reveal how hydrothermal products vary with W doping contents, which provides a synthetic strategy for the preparation of shape-controlling VO2(M/R) nanoparticles with high purity to satisfy different specific demands for corresponding applications in the field of thermochromic smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Fengyu Kong
- Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanhua Zhao
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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11
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Lee D, Min T, Lee G, Kim J, Song S, Lee J, Bae JS, Kang H, Lee J, Park S. Understanding the Phase Transition Evolution Mechanism of Partially M2 Phased VO 2 Film by Hydrogen Incorporation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9680-9688. [PMID: 33135900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the hydrogen incorporated M1 phase of VO2 film have been widely reported. However, there are few works on an M2 phase of VO2. Recently, the M2 phase in VO2 has received considerable attention due to the possibility of realizing a Mott transition field-effect transistor. By varying the postannealing environment, systematic variations of the M2 phase in (020)-oriented VO2 films grown on Al2O3(0001) were observed. The M2 phase converted to the metallic M1 phase at first and then to the metallic rutile phase after hydrogen annealing (i.e., for H2/N2 mixture and H2 environments). From the diffraction and spectroscopy measurements, the transition is attributed to suppressed electron interactions, not structural modification caused by hydrogen incorporation. Our results suggest the understanding of the phase transition process of the M2 phase by hydrogen incorporation and the possibility of realization of the M2 phased-based Mott transition field-effect transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dooyong Lee
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Advanced Nano Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea
| | - Taewon Min
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Gongin Lee
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sehwan Song
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jisung Lee
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Bae
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Korea
| | - Haeyong Kang
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sungkyun Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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12
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Scandium: An efficient dopant to modulate the optical spectrum of vanadium dioxide (VO2). SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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13
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Temperature-dependent infrared ellipsometry of Mo-doped VO 2 thin films across the insulator to metal transition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8555. [PMID: 32444609 PMCID: PMC7244498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a spectroscopic ellipsometry study of Mo-doped VO2 thin films deposited on silicon substrates for the mid-infrared range. The dielectric functions and conductivity were extracted from analytical fittings of Ψ and Δ ellipsometric angles showing a strong dependence on the dopant concentration and the temperature. Insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) temperature is found to decrease linearly with increasing doping level. A correction to the classical Drude model (termed Drude-Smith) has been shown to provide excellent fits to the experimental measurements of dielectric constants of doped/undoped films and the extracted parameters offer an adequate explanation for the IMT based on the carriers backscattering across the percolation transition. The smoother IMT observed in the hysteresis loops as the doping concentration is increased, is explained by charge density accumulation, which we quantify through the integral of optical conductivity. In addition, we describe the physics behind a localized Fano resonance that has not yet been demonstrated and explained in the literature for doped/undoped VO2 films.
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14
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Nosikova LA, Baranchikov AE, Yapryntsev AD, Ivanova OS, Teplonogova MA, Ivanov VK. Selective Hydrothermal Synthesis of [(CH3)2NH2]V3O7, VO2(D), and V2O3 in the Presence of N,N-Dimethylformamide. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023620040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Li Y, Gu D, Xu S, Zhou X, Yuan K, Jiang Y. A Monoclinic V 1-x-yTi xRu yO 2 Thin Film with Enhanced Thermal-Sensitive Performance. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:92. [PMID: 32323077 PMCID: PMC7176795 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Preparing the thermal-sensitive thin films with high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and low resistivity by a highly compatible process is favorable for increasing the sensitivity of microbolometers with small pixels. Here, we report an effective and process-compatible approach for preparing V1-x-yTixRuyO2 thermal-sensitive thin films with monoclinic structure, high TCR, and low resistivity through a reactive sputtering process followed by annealing in oxygen atmosphere at 400 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates that Ti4+ and Ru4+ ions are combined into VO2. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy reveal that V1-x-yTixRuyO2 thin films have a monoclinic lattice structure as undoped VO2. But V1-x-yTixRuyO2 thin films exhibit no-SMT feature from room temperature (RT) to 106 °C due to the pinning effect of high-concentration Ti in monoclinic lattice. Moreover, RT resistivity of the V0.8163Ti0.165Ru0.0187O2 thin film is only one-eighth of undoped VO2 thin film, and its TCR is as high as 3.47%/°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Deen Gu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiyang Xu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Liu X, Staubitz A, Gesing TM. Thermochromic Behavior of Yttrium-Substituted Bismuth Oxides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33147-33156. [PMID: 31415152 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature thermochromic materials are poorly explored in fundamental research, let alone applied research, although these materials may be used as low-cost, intuitively usable sensing materials in an industrial environment. Yet, only few of these materials have been described systematically. We describe a series of yttrium-substituted bismuth oxides (Bi1-xYx)2O3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) that show thermochromic behavior with a color change from yellow at low temperatures to various brown hues at high temperatures. The compounds were analyzed between 293 and 1050 K by X-ray powder diffraction, UV/vis spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. A combination of derived absorption spectral fitting and Tauc methods was applied to determine the band gap energies and band gap types from the diffuse UV/vis spectra, respectively. Two types of materials were found: one with x = 0.05 that exhibits the tetragonal β-phase at room temperature, and the defect fluorite-type cubic δ-phase at temperatures above 920 K. This phase showed a reversible, gradual color change upon heating, followed by an abrupt color change at the phase-transformation temperature. The second type of material had higher yttrium contents (x > 0.10); these samples were cubic at room temperature and showed a continuous color change upon heating and cooling. In contrast to the material with x = 0.05, these latter phases show a reduced cycle stability and were gradually annealed to the hexagonal phase-I. The samples with x = 0.10 provided a mixture of the β- and δ-phases, showing both, the reversible behavior for the β- to δ-phase transition and the irreversible behavior concerning the β2-phase. This points the way toward smart materials that can not only sense the actual thermal stress but also monitor cumulative thermal stresses over a certain material lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- University of Bremen, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography , Leobener Strasse 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry , Leobener Strasse 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Centre for Materials and Processes , Bibliothekstrasse 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Thorsten M Gesing
- University of Bremen, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography , Leobener Strasse 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Centre for Materials and Processes , Bibliothekstrasse 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
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17
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Long S, Cao X, Huang R, Xu F, Li N, Huang A, Sun G, Bao S, Luo H, Jin P. Self-Template Synthesis of Nanoporous VO 2-Based Films: Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Enhanced Optical Performance for Solar Glazing Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22692-22702. [PMID: 31199111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (Teflon) has been selected as the self-template structural material in the preparation of VO2 films using a reactive magnetron sputtering method and post-annealing process. VO2 films with spontaneous random nanoporous structures growing on quartz glasses have been deliberately established via bottom-up processing through this novel and facile approach. The nanoporous VO2 films exhibit an excellent optical performance based on the localized surface plasmon resonance, with ultrahigh luminous transmittance ( Tlum-L) up to 78.0% and the promoted solar modulation ability (Δ Tsol) of 14.1%. Meanwhile, the ingenious microstructure of the film provides an antireflection function from multiple perspectives on visible light and indicates the potential of the windshield on vehicles for smart solar modulation. The nanoporous films expand the practical application of thermochromic VO2 to a fire-new field, breaking the optical performance envelope of the single-layer dense VO2 film away, and offering a universal method to prepare homogeneous nanoporous structures for thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Long
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | | | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Fang Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , College of Science, China University of Petroleum Beijing , No. 18 Fuxue Road , Beijing 102249 , China
| | | | | | | | - Hongjie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Shangda Road 99 , Baoshan, Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Ping Jin
- Materials Research Institute for Sustainable Development , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Nagoya 463-8560 , Japan
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18
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Dang Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Ren L, Li B, Liu J. Structure and thermochromic properties of Mo-doped VO2 thin films deposited by sol–gel method. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2019.1611852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Danping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Binyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juncheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
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Large Scale Synthesis of Nanopyramidal-Like VO₂ Films by an Oxygen-Assisted Etching Growth Method with Significantly Enhanced Field Emission Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040549. [PMID: 30987293 PMCID: PMC6523309 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation reported on a novel oxygen-assisted etching growth method that can directly transform wafer-scale plain VO₂ thin films into pyramidal-like VO₂ nanostructures with highly improved field-emission properties. The oxygen applied during annealing played a key role in the formation of the special pyramidal-like structures by introducing thin oxygen-rich transition layers on the top surfaces of the VO₂ crystals. An etching related growth and transformation mechanism for the synthesis of nanopyramidal films was proposed. Structural characterizations confirmed the formation of a composite VO₂ structure of monoclinic M1 (P21/c) and Mott insulating M2 (C2/m) phases for the films at room temperature. Moreover, by varying the oxygen concentration, the nanocrystal morphology of the VO₂ films could be tuned, ranging over pyramidal, dot, and/or twin structures. These nanopyramidal VO₂ films showed potential benefits for application such as temperature-regulated field emission devices. For one typical sample deposited on a 3-inch silicon substrate, its emission current (measured at 6 V/μm) increased by about 1000 times after the oxygen-etching treatment, and the field enhancement factor β reached as high as 3810 and 1620 for the M and R states, respectively. The simple method reported in the present study may provide a protocol for building a variety of large interesting surfaces for VO₂-based device applications.
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Tadeo IJ, Mukhokosi EP, Krupanidhi SB, Umarji AM. Low-cost VO 2(M1) thin films synthesized by ultrasonic nebulized spray pyrolysis of an aqueous combustion mixture for IR photodetection. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9983-9992. [PMID: 35520889 PMCID: PMC9062365 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report detailed structural, electrical transport and IR photoresponse properties of large area VO2(M1) thin films deposited by a simple cost-effective two-step technique. Phase purity was confirmed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy studies. The high quality of the films was further established by a phase change from low temperature monoclinic phase to high temperature tetragonal rutile phase at 68 °C from temperature dependent Raman studies. An optical band gap of 0.75 eV was estimated from UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR studies showed 60% reflectance change at λ = 7.7 μm from low reflectivity at low temperature to high reflectivity at high temperature in a transition temperature of 68 °C. Electrical characterization showed a first order transition of the films with a resistance change of four orders of magnitude and TCR of -3.3% K-1 at 30 °C. Hall-effect measurements revealed the n-type nature of VO2 thin films with room temperature Hall mobility, μ e of 0.097 cm2 V-1 s-1, conductivity, σ of 0.102 Ω-1 cm-1 and carrier concentration, n e = 5.36 × 1017 cm-3. In addition, we fabricated a high photoresponsive IR photodetector based on VO2(M1) thin films with excellent stability and reproducibility in ambient conditions using a low-cost method. The VO2(M1) photodetector exhibited high sensitivity, responsivity, quantum efficiency, detectivity and photoconductive gain of 5.18%, 1.54 mA W-1, 0.18%, 3.53 × 1010 jones and 9.99 × 103 respectively upon illumination with a 1064 nm laser at a power density of 200 mW cm-2 and 10 V bias voltage at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyalot Jude Tadeo
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India +91-80-23607316 +91-80-22932944
| | - Emma P Mukhokosi
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India +91-80-23607316 +91-80-22932944
| | - Saluru B Krupanidhi
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India +91-80-23607316 +91-80-22932944
| | - Arun M Umarji
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India +91-80-23607316 +91-80-22932944
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Pt-free, low-cost and efficient counter electrode with carbon wrapped VO 2(M) nanofiber for dye-sensitized solar cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5177. [PMID: 30914740 PMCID: PMC6435790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the use of one-dimensional carbon wrapped VO2(M) nanofiber (VO2(M)/C) as a cost-effective counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs); where M denotes monoclinic crystal system. Uniform short length nanofiber was synthesised by a sol-gel based simple and versatile electrospinning and post carbonization technique. The investigation of nanostructure and morphological analysis were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) with EDAX. The electrochemical response was comprehensively characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization. The electrochemical analysis of the VO2(M)/C nanofiber counter electrode exhibits significant electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of triiodide and low charge transfer resistance at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The DSSCs fabricated with carbon-wrapped VO2(M) nanofiber CE showed high power conversion efficiency of 6.53% under standard test condition of simulated 1SUN illumination at AM1.5 G, which was comparable to the 7.39% observed for conventional thermally decomposed Pt CE based DSSC under same test conditions. This result encourages the next step of modification and use of low-cost VO2(M) as an alternate counter electrode for DSSCs to achieve a substantial efficiency for future energy demand.
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22
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Metal-Organic Framework Derived Hierarchical Co/C@V2
O3
Hollow Spheres as a Thin, Lightweight, and High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Wave Absorber. Chemistry 2019; 25:2234-2241. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Hu X, Zhao Z, Wang L, Li J, Wang C, Zhao Y, Jin H. VO2 (A)/graphene nanostructure: Stand up to Na ion intercalation/deintercalation for enhanced electrochemical performance as a Na-ion battery cathode. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Mukherjee D, Dey A, Mary Esther AC, Sridhara N, Kumar DR, Rajendra A, Sharma AK, Mukhopadhyay AK. Reversible and repeatable phase transition at a negative temperature regime for doped and co-doped spin coated mixed valence vanadium oxide thin films. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30966-30977. [PMID: 35559364 PMCID: PMC9088514 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04957b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth, uniform mixed valance vanadium oxide (VO) thin films are grown on flexible, transparent Kapton and opaque Al6061 substrates by the spin coating technique at a constant rpm of 3000. Various elements e.g., F, Ti, Mo and W are utilized for doping and co-doping of VO. All the spin coated films are heat treated in a vacuum. Other than the doping elements the existence of only V4+ and V5+ species is noticed in the present films. Transmittance as a function of wavelength and the optical band gap are also investigated for doped and co-doped VO thin films grown on a Kapton substrate. The highest transparency (∼75%) is observed for the Ti, Mo and F (i.e., Ti–Mo–FVO) co-doped VO system while the lowest transparency (∼35%) is observed for the F (i.e., FVO) doped VO system. Thus, the highest optical band gap is estimated as 2.73 eV for Ti–Mo–FVO and the lowest optical band gap (i.e., 2.59 eV) is found for the FVO system. The temperature dependent phase transition characteristics of doped and co-doped VO films on both Kapton and Al6061 are studied by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. Reversible and repeatable phase transition is noticed in the range of −24 to −26.3 °C. Smooth, uniform mixed valance vanadium oxide (VO) thin films are grown on flexible, transparent Kapton and opaque Al6061 substrates by the spin coating technique at a constant rpm of 3000.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipta Mukherjee
- Advanced Mechanical and Materials Characterization Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata-700 032 India +91 33 2473 3469/76/77/96
| | - Arjun Dey
- Thermal Systems Group, U. R. Rao Satellite Centre (Formarly Known as ISRO Satellite Centre) Bangalore-560 017 India +91 80 2508 3203 +91 80 2508 3214
| | - A Carmel Mary Esther
- Thermal Systems Group, U. R. Rao Satellite Centre (Formarly Known as ISRO Satellite Centre) Bangalore-560 017 India +91 80 2508 3203 +91 80 2508 3214
| | - N Sridhara
- Thermal Systems Group, U. R. Rao Satellite Centre (Formarly Known as ISRO Satellite Centre) Bangalore-560 017 India +91 80 2508 3203 +91 80 2508 3214
| | - D Raghavendra Kumar
- Thermal Systems Group, U. R. Rao Satellite Centre (Formarly Known as ISRO Satellite Centre) Bangalore-560 017 India +91 80 2508 3203 +91 80 2508 3214
| | - A Rajendra
- Thermal Systems Group, U. R. Rao Satellite Centre (Formarly Known as ISRO Satellite Centre) Bangalore-560 017 India +91 80 2508 3203 +91 80 2508 3214
| | - Anand Kumar Sharma
- Thermal Systems Group, U. R. Rao Satellite Centre (Formarly Known as ISRO Satellite Centre) Bangalore-560 017 India +91 80 2508 3203 +91 80 2508 3214
| | - Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Advanced Mechanical and Materials Characterization Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata-700 032 India +91 33 2473 3469/76/77/96
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Warm/cool-tone switchable thermochromic material for smart windows by orthogonally integrating properties of pillar[6]arene and ferrocene. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1737. [PMID: 29712901 PMCID: PMC5928112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional materials play a vital role in the fabrication of smart windows, which can provide a more comfortable indoor environment for humans to enjoy a better lifestyle. Traditional materials for smart windows tend to possess only a single functionality with the purpose of regulating the input of solar energy. However, different color tones also have great influences on human emotions. Herein, a strategy for orthogonal integration of different properties is proposed, namely the thermo-responsiveness of ethylene glycol-modified pillar[6]arene (EGP6) and the redox-induced reversible color switching of ferrocene/ferrocenium groups are orthogonally integrated into one system. This gives rise to a material with cooperative and non-interfering dual functions, featuring both thermochromism and warm/cool tone-switchability. Consequently, the obtained bifunctional material for fabricating smart windows can not only regulate the input of solar energy but also can provide a more comfortable color tone to improve the feelings and emotions of people in indoor environments. Materials for smart windows usually possess single functionality, thus developing materials that regulate solar energy whilst changing color to affect human emotion is desirable. Here the authors combine pillar[6]arenes and ferrocene/ferrocenium groups to produce warm/cool tone-switchable thermochromic materials.
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Hao Q, Li W, Xu H, Wang J, Yin Y, Wang H, Ma L, Ma F, Jiang X, Schmidt OG, Chu PK. VO 2 /TiN Plasmonic Thermochromic Smart Coatings for Room-Temperature Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705421. [PMID: 29349814 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide/titanium nitride (VO2 /TiN) smart coatings are prepared by hybridizing thermochromic VO2 with plasmonic TiN nanoparticles. The VO2 /TiN coatings can control infrared (IR) radiation dynamically in accordance with the ambient temperature and illumination intensity. It blocks IR light under strong illumination at 28 °C but is IR transparent under weak irradiation conditions or at a low temperature of 20 °C. The VO2 /TiN coatings exhibit a good integral visible transmittance of up to 51% and excellent IR switching efficiency of 48% at 2000 nm. These unique advantages make VO2 /TiN promising as smart energy-saving windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hao
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiyan Xu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yin Yin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuchuan Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
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Surface engineering on continuous VO2 thin films to improve thermochromic properties: Top-down acid etching and bottom-up self-patterning. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 512:529-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Luo T, Liu Y, Su H, Xiao R, Huang L, Xiang Q, Zhou Y, Chen C. Nanostructured-VO2(B): A high-capacity magnesium-ion cathode and its electrochemical reaction mechanism. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen Y, Zeng X, Zhu J, Li R, Yao H, Cao X, Ji S, Jin P. High Performance and Enhanced Durability of Thermochromic Films Using VO 2@ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27784-27791. [PMID: 28758388 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For VO2-based thermochromic smart windows, high luminous transmittance (Tlum) and solar regulation efficiency (ΔTsol) are usually pursued as the most critical issues, which have been discussed in numerous researches. However, environmental durability, which has rarely been considered, is also so vital for practical application because it determines lifetime and cycle times of smart windows. In this paper, we report novel VO2@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles with ultrahigh durability as well as improved thermochromic performance. The VO2@ZnO nanoparticles-based thermochromic film exhibits a robust durability that the ΔTsol keeps 77% (from 19.1% to 14.7%) after 103 hours in a hyperthermal and humid environment, while a relevant property of uncoated VO2 nanoparticles-based film badly deteriorates after 30 h. Meanwhile, compared with the uncoated VO2-based film, the VO2@ZnO-based film demonstrates an 11.0% increase (from 17.2% to 19.1%) in ΔTsol and a 31.1% increase (from 38.9% to 51.0%) in Tlum. Such integrated thermochromic performance expresses good potential for practical application of VO2-based smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianzhe Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Heliang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Shidong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
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Zhang J, Zhao Z, Li J, Jin H, Rehman F, Chen P, Jiang Y, Chen C, Cao M, Zhao Y. Evolution of Structural and Electrical Properties of Oxygen-Deficient VO 2 under Low Temperature Heating Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27135-27141. [PMID: 28753266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural stability and functional performances of vanadium dioxide (VO2) are strongly influenced by oxygen vacancies. However, the mechanism of metal-insulator transition (MIT) influenced by defects is still under debate. Here, we study the evolution of structure and electrical property of oxygen-deficient VO2 by a low temperature annealing process (LTP) based on a truss-structured VO2 nanonet. The oxygenation process of the oxygen-deficient VO2 is greatly prolonged, which enables us to probe the gradual change of properties of the oxygen-deficient VO2. A continuous lattice reduction is observed during LTP. No recrystallization and structural collapse of the VO2 nanonet can be found after LTP. The valence-band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements indicate that the oxygen deficiency strongly affects the energy level of the valence band edge. Correspondingly, the resistance changes of the VO2 films from 1 to 4.5 orders of magnitude are achieved by LTP. The effect of oxygen vacancy on the electric field driven MIT is investigated. The threshold value of voltage triggering the MIT decreases with increasing the oxygen vacancy concentration. This work demonstrates a novel and effective way to control the content of oxygen vacancies in VO2 and the obvious impact of oxygen vacancy on MIT, facilitating further research on the role of oxygen vacancy in structure and MIT of VO2, which is important for the deep understanding of MIT and exploiting innovative functional application of VO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhengjing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fida Rehman
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pengwan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yijie Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chunxu Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Maosheng Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongjie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
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31
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Influence of Discharge Current on Phase Transition Properties of High Quality Polycrystalline VO₂ Thin Film Fabricated by HiPIMS. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10060633. [PMID: 28772990 PMCID: PMC5554014 DOI: 10.3390/ma10060633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To fabricate high-quality polycrystalline VO₂ thin film with a metal-insulator transition (MIT) temperature less than 50 °C, high-power impulse magnetron sputtering with different discharge currents was employed in this study. The as-deposited VO₂ films were characterized by a four-point probe resistivity measurement system, visible-near infrared (IR) transmittance spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy. The resistivity results revealed that all the as-deposited films had a high resistance change in the phase transition process, and the MIT temperature decreased with the increased discharge current, where little deterioration in the phase transition properties, such as the resistance and transmittance changes, could be found. Additionally, XRD patterns at various temperatures exhibited that some reverse deformations that existed in the MIT process of the VO₂ film, with a large amount of preferred crystalline orientations. The decrease of the MIT temperature with little deterioration on phase transition properties could be attributed to the reduction of the preferred grain orientations.
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32
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Malarde D, Powell MJ, Quesada-Cabrera R, Wilson RL, Carmalt CJ, Sankar G, Parkin IP, Palgrave RG. Optimized Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Thermochromic VO 2 Thin Films for Intelligent Window Applications. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1040-1046. [PMID: 31457486 PMCID: PMC6640985 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoclinic vanadium(IV) oxide (VO2) has been widely studied for energy-efficient glazing applications because of its thermochromic properties, displaying a large change in transmission of near-IR wavelengths between the hot and cold states. The optimization of the reaction between VCl4 and ethyl acetate via atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) was shown to produce thin films of monoclinic VO2 with excellent thermochromic properties (ΔT sol = 12%). The tailoring of the thermochromic and visible light transmission was shown to be possible by altering the density and morphology of the deposited films. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic-force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ellipsometry, and UV-vis spectrometry. This article provides useful design rules for the synthesis of high-quality VO2 thin films by APCVD.
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33
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Liu M, Su B, Kaneti YV, Chen Z, Tang Y, Yuan Y, Gao Y, Jiang L, Jiang X, Yu A. Dual-Phase Transformation: Spontaneous Self-Template Surface-Patterning Strategy for Ultra-transparent VO 2 Solar Modulating Coatings. ACS NANO 2017; 11:407-415. [PMID: 28009507 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dual-phase transformation has been developed as a template-free surface patterning technique in this study. Ordered VO2 honeycomb structures with a complex hierarchy have been fabricated via this method, and the microstructures of the obtained VO2(M) coatings are tunable by tailoring the pertinent variables. The VO2(M) honeycomb-structured coatings have excellent visible light transmittance at 700 nm (Tvis) up to 95.4% with decent solar modulating ability (ΔTsol) of 5.5%, creating the potential as ultratransparent smart solar modulating coatings. Its excellent performance has been confirmed by a proof-of-principle demonstration. The dual-phase transformation technique has dramatically simplified the conventional colloidal lithography technique as a scalable surface patterning technique for achieving high-performance metal oxide coatings with diverse applications, such as catalysis, sensing, optics, electronics, and superwettable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yusuf V Kaneti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Zhang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuchuan Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Aibing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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34
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Mjejri I, Rougier A, Gaudon M. Low-Cost and Facile Synthesis of the Vanadium Oxides V 2O 3, VO 2, and V 2O 5 and Their Magnetic, Thermochromic and Electrochromic Properties. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1734-1741. [PMID: 28117981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, vanadium sesquioxide (V2O3), dioxide (VO2), and pentoxide (V2O5) were all synthesized from a single polyol route through the precipitation of an intermediate precursor: vanadium ethylene glycolate (VEG). Various annealing treatments of the VEG precursor, under controlled atmosphere and temperature, led to the successful synthesis of the three pure oxides, with sub-micrometer crystallite size. To the best of our knowledge, the synthesis of the three oxides V2O5, VO2, and V2O3 from a single polyol batch has never been reported in the literature. In a second part of the study, the potentialities brought about by the successful preparation of sub-micrometer V2O5, VO2, and V2O3 are illustrated by the characterization of the electrochromic properties of V2O5 films, a discussion about the metal to insulator transition of VO2 on the basis of in situ measurements versus temperature of its electrical and optical properties, and the characterization of the magnetic transition of V2O3 powder from SQUID measurements. For the latter compound, the influence of the crystallite size on the magnetic properties is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Mjejri
- CNRS, ICMCB , UPR 9048, 87 avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, F-33608 Pessac, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB , UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Aline Rougier
- CNRS, ICMCB , UPR 9048, 87 avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, F-33608 Pessac, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB , UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Manuel Gaudon
- CNRS, ICMCB , UPR 9048, 87 avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, F-33608 Pessac, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB , UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
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35
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Liu C, Long Y, Magdassi S, Mandler D. Ionic strength induced electrodeposition: a universal approach for nanomaterial deposition at selective areas. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:485-490. [PMID: 27824187 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06614c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An appealing alternative approach to the conventional electrochemical deposition is presented, which can be universally utilized to form nanomaterial coatings from their aqueous dispersions without involving their oxidation-reduction. It is based on altering the ionic strength by electrical potential in the vicinity of the electrode surface, which causes the nanomaterials to deposit. The concept has been demonstrated for four different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Yi Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Daniel Mandler
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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36
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Guo B, Chen L, Shi S, Ishaq A, Wan D, Chen Z, Zhang L, Luo H, Gao Y. Low temperature fabrication of thermochromic VO2 thin films by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance thermochromic VO2 films were fabricated by LPCVD, and the mechanism for their low transition temperatures was studied using first-principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Lanli Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Siqi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Ahmad Ishaq
- National Center for Physics
- Quaid-I-Azam University
- Islamabad 44000
- Pakistan
| | - Dongyun Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Zhang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Liangmiao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Hongjie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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37
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Yang YS, Zhou Y, Chiang FBY, Long Y. Tungsten doped VO2/microgels hybrid thermochromic material and its smart window application. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new thermochromic composite was successfully synthesized by a combination of HPCA microgel and W doped VO2 nanoparticles. Within a suitable working temperature, this composite can provide excellent modulation in both the visible and IR ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan
- China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Freddy Boey Yin Chiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Yi Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
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38
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Kumar S, Maury F, Bahlawane N. Electrical Switching in Semiconductor-Metal Self-Assembled VO 2 Disordered Metamaterial Coatings. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37699. [PMID: 27883052 PMCID: PMC5121613 DOI: 10.1038/srep37699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a strongly correlated metal oxide, VO2 inspires several highly technological applications. The challenging reliable wafer-scale synthesis of high quality polycrystalline VO2 coatings is demonstrated on 4” Si taking advantage of the oxidative sintering of chemically vapor deposited VO2 films. This approach results in films with a semiconductor-metal transition (SMT) quality approaching that of the epitaxial counterpart. SMT occurs with an abrupt electrical resistivity change exceeding three orders of magnitude with a narrow hysteresis width. Spatially resolved infrared and Raman analyses evidence the self-assembly of VO2 disordered metamaterial, compresing monoclinic (M1 and M2) and rutile (R) domains, at the transition temperature region. The M2 mediation of the M1-R transition is spatially confined and related to the localized strain-stabilization of the M2 phase. The presence of the M2 phase is supposed to play a role as a minor semiconducting phase far above the SMT temperature. In terms of application, we show that the VO2 disordered self-assembly of M and R phases is highly stable and can be thermally triggered with high precision using short heating or cooling pulses with adjusted strengths. Such a control enables an accurate and tunable thermal control of the electrical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Francis Maury
- CIRIMAT, ENSIACET-4 allée E. Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Naoufal Bahlawane
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
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39
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40
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Zhang J, Li J, Chen P, Rehman F, Jiang Y, Cao M, Zhao Y, Jin H. Hydrothermal growth of VO2 nanoplate thermochromic films on glass with high visible transmittance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27898. [PMID: 27296772 PMCID: PMC4906315 DOI: 10.1038/srep27898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of thermochromic vanadium dioxide (VO2) films in an economical way is of interest to realizing the application of smart windows. Here, we reported a successful preparation of self-assembly VO2 nanoplate films on TiO2-buffered glass by a facile hydrothermal process. The VO2 films composed of triangle-shaped plates standing on substrates exhibit a self-generated porous structure, which favors the transmission of solar light. The porosity of films is easily controlled by changing the concentration of precursor solutions. Excellent thermochromic properties are observed with visible light transmittance as high as 70.3% and solar modulating efficiency up to 9.3% in a VO2 film with porosity of ~35.9%. This work demonstrates a promising technique to promote the commercial utilization of VO2 in smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jingbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pengwan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fida Rehman
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yijie Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Maosheng Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongjie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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41
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Wu X, Wu Z, Ji C, Zhang H, Su Y, Huang Z, Gou J, Wei X, Wang J, Jiang Y. THz Transmittance and Electrical Properties Tuning across IMT in Vanadium Dioxide Films by Al Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11842-11850. [PMID: 27096418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the insulator-metal transition (IMT) performance covering the full terahertz (THz) band, VO2 films were extensively investigated as an excellent candidate for modulating, switching, and memory devices. However, some remarkable absorption peaks owing to the infrared-active phonon modes suppressed the films' modulation ability and restricted the films' application in high THz frequency. Here we prepared Al-doped VO2 films on (111) directional silicon substrate, which rapidly counteracted the absorption peak and exhibited widely modulating properties. Al dopants introduced into the films brought a significant shift to high frequency in Raman spectra. The result was attributed to the effect of modifying VO2 crystal, leading the V-O bond to be strained more intensively, contracting the distance of the V-V dimers. All the Raman results indicated an oxidation effect by Al doping. However, the XPS results showed a valence reduction of the vanadium element, which was caused by the valence difference between V and Al atoms. In addition to the surface morphology characterization, the IMT properties of the shrinkage of hysteresis width and resistance variations in both electrical and THz optical aspects have been systemically analyzed. An additional difference is that the temperature of the optical transition behaves lower than the electrical transition observed, which resulted from the mechanism of transition propagation and boundary barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Information, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Information, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Ji
- School of Optoelectronic Information, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Huafu Zhang
- School of Science, Shandong University of Technology , ZiBo, Shandong 255049, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjie Su
- School of Optoelectronic Information, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Huang
- School of Optoelectronic Information, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Jun Gou
- School of Optoelectronic Information, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Xiongbang Wei
- School of Optoelectronic Information, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Information, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- School of Optoelectronic Information, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
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42
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Zhou PY, Cheng CC, Huang CH, Chen JK. Hexagonal pillar structure of heteroepitaxial titania-vanadia nanocrystal films for high performance in thermochromic and photocatalytic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9088-101. [PMID: 26972307 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07944f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we employed the mixture of titanium and vanadium sols with various ratios in WO3 and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) solution to generate the precursors of W-doped titania-vanadia composites. The heteroepitaxial W-doped titania-vanadia crystals (HWTVCs) with various structures were obtained after a calcination process at 700 °C for 3 h. The structure transformation of HWTVCs was highly relative to the ratio of titanium to vanadium sols. A hexagonal pillar structure was found at a ratio of 0.25 for titanium to vanadium sols. The scales of the hexagonal pillars could be apparently divided into two groups. The scale of one group ranged from 80 to 130 nm while the scale of the other ranged from 300 to 950 nm. The heteroepitaxial crystals with hexagonal pillar structure enhanced the visible transmittance, near-infrared switching efficiency and the ability to photocatalytically degrade the organic component under visible light irradiation. Such bifunctional (photocatalytic and thermochromic) nanomaterials might have applications in energy-saving smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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43
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Abstract
This article reviews the basic principles of and recent developments in electrochromic, photochromic, and thermochromic materials for applications in smart windows. Compared with current static windows, smart windows can dynamically modulate the transmittance of solar irradiation based on weather conditions and personal preferences, thus simultaneously improving building energy efficiency and indoor human comfort. Although some smart windows are commercially available, their widespread implementation has not yet been realized. Recent advances in nanostructured materials provide new opportunities for next-generation smart window technology owing to their unique structure-property relations. Nanomaterials can provide enhanced coloration efficiency, faster switching kinetics, and longer lifetime. In addition, their compatibility with solution processing enables low-cost and high-throughput fabrication. This review also discusses the importance of dual-band modulation of visible and near-infrared (NIR) light, as nearly 50% of solar energy lies in the NIR region. Some latest results show that solution-processable nanostructured systems can selectively modulate the NIR light without affecting the visible transmittance, thus reducing energy consumption by air conditioning, heating, and artificial lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; ,
| | - Evan L Runnerstrom
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; , .,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; ,
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44
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Dong B, Shen N, Cao C, Chen Z, Luo H, Gao Y. An intermediate phase (NH4)2V4O9 and its effects on the hydrothermal synthesis of VO2 (M) nanoparticles. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydrothermal synthesis of VO2 (M) nanoparticles is commonly considered as a result of the transformation of intermediate phase VO2 (A) or VO2 (B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Nan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Chuanxiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hongjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
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45
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Xu HY, Huang YH, Liu S, Xu KW, Ma F, Chu PK. Effects of annealing ambient on oxygen vacancies and phase transition temperature of VO2 thin films. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
VO2 thin films are prepared on Si substrates by direct-current (DC) magnetron sputtering at room temperature and annealed in vacuum at different argon pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Y. Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
| | - Y. H. Huang
- College of Physics and Information Technology
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - S. Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - K. W. Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
- Department of Physics and Opt-electronic Engineering
| | - F. Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
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46
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Zhong L, Luo Y, Li M, Han Y, Wang H, Xu S, Li G. TiO2seed-assisted growth of VO2(M) films and thermochromic performance. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01658h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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47
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Li Y, Jiang P, Xiang W, Ran F, Cao W. A novel inorganic precipitation–peptization method for VO 2 sol and VO 2 nanoparticles preparation: Synthesis, characterization and mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 462:42-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Miao L, Chen R, Zhou J, Liu C, Peng Y, Gao J, Sun L, Tanemura S. Depressed haze and enhanced solar modulation capability for VO2-based composite films with distinct size effects. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16667a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and controllable method for the fabrication of VO2-based composite films was reported, and these composite films exhibited reduced haze and improved luminous transmittance in combination with superior solar modulation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Miao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology
- Guilin 541004
| | - Ru Chen
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology
- Guilin 541004
| | - Chengyan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology
- Guilin 541004
| | - Ying Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology
- Guilin 541004
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology
- Guilin 541004
| | - Lixian Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology
- Guilin 541004
| | - Sakae Tanemura
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology
- Guilin 541004
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49
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Li W, Ji S, Sun G, Ma Y, Guo H, Jin P. Novel VO2(M)–ZnO heterostructured dandelions with combined thermochromic and photocatalytic properties for application in smart coatings. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02875b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchical VO2(M)–ZnO dandelion-like heterostructures with ZnO nanorods grown radially on VO2(M) nanoparticle cores have been successfully fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
| | - Shidong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
| | - Guangyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
| | - Yining Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
| | - Hehe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
| | - Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
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50
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Zhu J, Zhou Y, Wang B, Zheng J, Ji S, Yao H, Luo H, Jin P. Vanadium Dioxide Nanoparticle-based Thermochromic Smart Coating: High Luminous Transmittance, Excellent Solar Regulation Efficiency, and Near Room Temperature Phase Transition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27796-27803. [PMID: 26618391 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An annealing-assisted preparation method of well-crystallized VxW1-xO2(M)@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles for VO2-based thermochromic smart coatings (VTSC) is presented. The additional annealing process reduces the defect density of the initial hydrothermally prepared VxW1-xO2(M) nanoparticles and enhances their crystallinity so that the thermochromic film based on VxW1-xO2(M)@SiO2 nanoparticles can exhibit outstanding thermochromic performance with balanced solar regulation efficiency (ΔTsol) of 17.3%, luminous transmittance (Tlum) up to 52.2%, and critical phase transition temperature (Tc) around 40.4 °C, which is very promising for practical application. Furthermore, it makes great progress in reducing Tc of VTSC to near room temperature (25.2 °C) and simutaneously maintaining excellent optical properties (ΔTsol = 14.7% and Tlum = 50.6%). Such thermochromic performance is good enough to make VTSC applicable to practical architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jianyun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Shidong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Heliang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Hongjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , Shangda Rd. 99, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
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