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Carpenter AP, Golbek TW. "Nonlinear" pursuit of understanding pollutant accumulation and chemistry at environmental and biological interfaces. Biointerphases 2023; 18:058501. [PMID: 37728303 DOI: 10.1116/6.0003059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the public recognition of the prevalence of certain classes of pollutants, such as perfluoroalkyl substances and nanoplastics, within the environment, has sparked growing concerns over their potential impact on environmental and human health. Within both environmental and biological systems, the adsorption and structural organization of pollutants at aqueous interfaces can greatly impact the chemical reactivity and transformation. Experimentally probing chemical behavior at interfaces can often pose a problem due to bulk solvated molecules convoluting molecular signatures from interfacial molecules. To solve this problem, there exist interface-specific nonlinear spectroscopy techniques that can directly probe both macroscopic planar interfaces and nanoplastic interfaces in aqueous environments. These techniques can provide essential information such as chemical adsorption, structure, and reactivity at interfaces. In this perspective, these techniques are presented with obvious advantages for studying the chemical properties of pollutants adsorbed to environmental and biological interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Carpenter
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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2
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Carpenter AP, White JN, Hasbrook A, Reierson M, Baio JE. Comparative Thermodynamic and Structural Analysis of Polyfluorinated Dodecylphosphonic Acid Adsorption to Distilled and River Water Interfaces. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37450685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As concerns rise about the health risks posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment, there is a need to understand how these pollutants accumulate at environmental interfaces. Untangling the details of molecular adsorption, particularly when there are potential interactions with other molecules in environmental systems, can obscure the ability to focus on a particular contaminant with molecular specificity. Often adsorption studies of environmental interfaces require a reductionist approach, where laboratory experiments may not be fully tractable to environmental systems. In this work, we study polyfluorinated dodecylphosphonic acid (F21-DDPA) at the aqueous surfaces of distilled water (the most reduced "environmental" surface) and river water to explore the use of vibrational sum-frequency (VSF) spectroscopy as an experimental probe of fluorinated contaminants at natural environmental surfaces. We demonstrate how VSF spectroscopy offers advantages over nonspecific surface tension measurements when measuring PFAS adsorption isotherms at river water surfaces. VSF spectra of the C-F stretching region selectively probe the presence of F21-DDPA and can be used to extract meaningful structural insights and calculate surface concentrations, even at the complex river water surface. This study highlights the potential for VSF spectroscopy to be developed as a probe of fluorinated contaminants at natural environmental interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Carpenter
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jade N White
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Annemarie Hasbrook
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Makenna Reierson
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Joe E Baio
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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3
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Yang C, Long M, Ding C, Zhang R, Zhang S, Yuan J, Zhi K, Yin Z, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wu H, Jiang Z. Antifouling graphene oxide membranes for oil-water separation via hydrophobic chain engineering. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7334. [PMID: 36443300 PMCID: PMC9705527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering surface chemistry to precisely control interfacial interactions is crucial for fabricating superior antifouling coatings and separation membranes. Here, we present a hydrophobic chain engineering strategy to regulate membrane surface at a molecular scale. Hydrophilic phytic acid and hydrophobic perfluorocarboxylic acids are sequentially assembled on a graphene oxide membrane to form an amphiphilic surface. The surface energy is reduced by the introduction of the perfluoroalkyl chains while the surface hydration can be tuned by changing the hydrophobic chain length, thus synergistically optimizing both fouling-resistance and fouling-release properties. It is found that the surface hydration capacity changes nonlinearly as the perfluoroalkyl chain length increases from C4 to C10, reaching the highest at C6 as a result of the more uniform water orientation as demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations. The as-prepared membrane exhibits superior antifouling efficacy (flux decline ratio <10%, flux recovery ratio ~100%) even at high permeance (~620 L m-2 h-1 bar-1) for oil-water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Mengying Long
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Cuiting Ding
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Runnan Zhang
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China ,grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201 China ,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207 China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Keda Zhi
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Zhuoyu Yin
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Yu Zheng
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Yawei Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Hong Wu
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China ,grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201 China ,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192 China ,grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China ,grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201 China ,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192 China ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207 China
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Polymer-solvent interaction and conformational changes at a molecular level: Implication to solvent-assisted deformation and aggregation at the polymer surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:221-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dong M, Liu Z, Gao Y, Wang X, Chen J, Yang J. Synergistic effect of copolymeric resin grafted 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2 H)-one and heterocyclic groups as a marine antifouling coating. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18787-18796. [PMID: 35478638 PMCID: PMC9033553 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find a new type of antifouling coating with higher biological activity and more environmental protection, heterocyclic compounds and benzisothiazolinone were introduced into acrylic resin to prepare a new type of antifouling resin. In this study, a series of grafted acrylic resins simultaneously containing benzoisothiazolinone and heterocyclic monomers were prepared by the copolymerization of an allyl monomer with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA). Inhibitory activities of the copolymers against marine fouling organisms were also investigated. Results revealed that the copolymers exhibit a clear synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of three seaweeds: Chlorella, Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros curvisetus, respectively, and three bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, respectively. In addition, the copolymers exhibited excellent inhibition against barnacle larvae. Marine field tests indicated that the resins exhibit outstanding antifouling potency against marine fouling organisms. Moreover, the introduction of the heterocyclic group led to the significantly enhanced antifouling activities of the resins; the addition of the heterocyclic unit in copolymers led to better inhibition than that observed in the case of the resin copolymerized with only the benzoisothiazolinone active monomer. Grafted acrylic resins containing benzoisothiazolinone and heterocyclic monomers were prepared by copolymerization. The addition of the heterocyclic unit in copolymers led to better inhibition than the resin copolymerized with only the benzoisothiazolinone monomer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Reaction Engineering of Haikou, College of Science, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China .,Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Reaction Engineering of Haikou, College of Science, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Junhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Reaction Engineering of Haikou, College of Science, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China .,Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Reaction Engineering of Haikou, College of Science, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China .,Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
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Cimatu KLA, Premadasa UI, Ambagaspitiya TD, Adhikari NM, Jang JH. Evident phase separation and surface segregation of hydrophobic moieties at the copolymer surface using atomic force microscopy and SFG spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:645-659. [PMID: 32712471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Copolymers are developed to enhance the overall physical and chemical properties of polymers. The surface nature of a copolymer is relevant to creating efficient materials to improve adhesion and biocompatibility. We hypothesize that the improved adhesion, as a surface property, is due to phase separation, surface segregation, and the overall molecular organization of different polymer components at the copolymer surface. EXPERIMENTS The surface structure of a copolymer composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer and 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate (PhEMA) monomer was analyzed in comparison to the polyHEMA and polyPhEMA homopolymers using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. FINDINGS The contrast in the phase images was due to the variance in the hydrophobic level provided by the hydroxyl and phenoxy modified monomers in the copolymer. The distribution of the adhesion values, supporting the presence of hydrophobic moieties, across the polymer surface defined the surface segregation of these two components. SFG spectra of the copolymer thin film showed combined spectral features of both polyHEMA and polyPhEMA thin films at the polymer surface. The tilt angles of the alpha-methyl group of homopolymers using the polarization intensity ratio analysis and the polarization mapping method were estimated to be in the range from 48° to 66°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Leslee A Cimatu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH 45701-2979, United States.
| | - Uvinduni I Premadasa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH 45701-2979, United States
| | - Tharushi D Ambagaspitiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH 45701-2979, United States
| | - Narendra M Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH 45701-2979, United States
| | - Joon Hee Jang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Kang Y, Zheng S, Finnerty C, Lee MJ, Mi B. Regenerable Polyelectrolyte Membrane for Ultimate Fouling Control in Forward Osmosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3242-3249. [PMID: 28207245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the feasibility of using regenerable polyelectrolyte membranes to ultimately control the irreversible membrane fouling in a forward osmosis (FO) process. The regenerable membrane was fabricated by assembling multiple polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) bilayers on a polydopamine-functionalized polysulfone support. The resulting membrane exhibited higher water flux and lower solute flux in FO mode (with the active layer facing feed solution) than in PRO mode (with the active layer facing draw solution) using trisodium citrate as draw solute, most likely due to the unique swelling behavior of the polyelectrolyte membrane. Membrane regeneration was conducted by first dissembling the existing PEI-PAA bilayers using strong acid and then reassembling fresh PEI-PAA bilayers on the membrane support. It was found that, after the acid treatment, the first covalently bonded PEI layer and some realigned PAA remained on the membrane support, acting as a beneficial barrier that prevented the acid-foulant mixture from penetrating into the porous support during acid treatment. The water and solute flux of the regenerated membrane was very similar to that of the original membrane regardless of alginate fouling, suggesting an ultimate solution to eliminating the irreversible membrane fouling in an FO process. With a procedure similar to the typical membrane cleaning protocol, in situ membrane regeneration is not expected to noticeably increase the membrane operational burden but can satisfactorily avoid the expensive replacement of the entire membrane module after irreversible fouling, thereby hopefully reducing the overall cost of the membrane-based water-treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sunxiang Zheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Casey Finnerty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael J Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Baoxia Mi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Leng C, Sun S, Zhang K, Jiang S, Chen Z. Molecular level studies on interfacial hydration of zwitterionic and other antifouling polymers in situ. Acta Biomater 2016; 40:6-15. [PMID: 26923530 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antifouling polymers have wide applications in biomedical engineering and marine industry. Recently, zwitterionic materials have been reported as promising candidates for antifouling applications, while strong hydration is believed to be the key antifouling mechanism. Zwitterionic materials can be designed with various molecular structures, which affect their hydration and antifouling performance. Although strong hydration has been proposed to occur at the material surfaces, probing the solid material/water interfaces is challenging with traditional analytical techniques. Here in this review, we will review our studies on surface hydration of zwitterionic materials and other antifouling materials by using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, which provides molecular understanding of the water structures at various material surfaces. The materials studied include zwitterionic polymer brushes with different molecular structures, amphiphilic polymers with zwitterionic groups, uncharged hydrophilic polymer brushes, amphiphilic polypeptoids, and widely used antifouling material poly(ethylene glycol). We will compare the differences among zwitterionic materials with various molecular structures as well as the differences between antifouling materials and fouling surfaces of control samples. We will also discuss the effects of pH and biological molecules like proteins on the surface hydration of the zwitterionic materials. Using SFG spectroscopy, we have measured the hydration layers of antifouling materials and found that strong hydrogen bonds are key to the formation of strong hydration layers preventing protein fouling at the polymer interfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Antifouling polymers have wide applications in biomedical engineering and marine industry. Recently, zwitterionic materials have been reported as promising candidates for antifouling applications, while strong hydration is believed to be the key antifouling mechanism. However, zwitterionic materials can be designed with various molecular structures, which affect their hydration and antifouling performance. Moreover, although strong hydration has been proposed to occur at the material surfaces, probing the solid material/water interfaces is challenging with traditional analytical techniques. Here in this manuscript, we will review our studies on surface hydration of zwitterionic materials and other antifouling materials by using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, which provides molecular understanding of the water structures at various material surfaces. The materials studied include zwitterionic polymer brushes with different molecular structures, amphiphilic polymers with zwitterionic groups, uncharged hydrophilic polymer brushes, amphiphilic polypeptoids, and widely used antifouling material poly(ethylene glycol). We will compare the differences among zwitterionic materials with various molecular structures as well as the differences between antifouling materials and fouling surfaces of control samples. We will also discuss the effects of pH and biological molecules like proteins on the surface hydration of the zwitterionic materials. All the SFG results indicate that strongly hydrogen-bonded water at the materials' surfaces (strong surface hydration) is closely correlated to the good antifouling properties of the materials. This review will be widely interested by readers of Acta Biomaterialia and will impact many different research fields in chemistry, materials, engineering, and beyond.
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9
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Li X, Li B, Zhang X, Li C, Guo Z, Zhou D, Lu X. Detecting Surface Hydration of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) in Solution in situ. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Bolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Zhirui Guo
- Department
of Geriatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing
National Laboratory of Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province P. R. China
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10
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Synthesis, characterization and antifouling performance of ABC-type fluorinated amphiphilic triblock copolymer. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ni H, Jiang T, Hu P, Han Z, Lu X, Ye P. Self-decontaminating properties of fluorinated copolymers integrated with ciprofloxacin for synergistically inhibiting the growth ofEscherichia coli. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2014; 25:1920-45. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.960696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Lu X, Myers JN, Chen Z. Molecular ordering of phenyl groups at the buried polystyrene/metal interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9418-9422. [PMID: 25022826 DOI: 10.1021/la502037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding molecular structures of buried polymer/metal interfaces is important for the design and development of polymer adhesives used in advanced microelectronic devices and polymer anticorrosion coatings for metals. The buried interfacial molecular structure between polystyrene (PS) and silver (Ag) was investigated using infrared-visible sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy via a "sandwiched" sample geometry. SFG resonant signals from the phenyl C-H stretching vibrational modes were detected from the PS/Ag interface, suggesting that the PS phenyl groups at this buried polymer/metal interface are ordered. Spectral analysis indicated that the phenyl groups at the buried PS/Ag interface tilt toward the interface, pointing away from the Ag side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Zhou Z, Calabrese DR, Taylor W, Finlay JA, Callow ME, Callow JA, Fischer D, Kramer EJ, Ober CK. Amphiphilic triblock copolymers with PEGylated hydrocarbon structures as environmentally friendly marine antifouling and fouling-release coatings. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:589-604. [PMID: 24730510 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.897335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ideal marine antifouling (AF)/fouling-release (FR) coating should be non-toxic, while effectively either resisting the attachment of marine organisms (AF) or significantly reducing their strength of attachment (FR). Many recent studies have shown that amphiphilic polymeric materials provide a promising solution to producing such coatings due to their surface dual functionality. In this work, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of different molecular weights (Mw = 350, 550) was coupled to a saturated difunctional alkyl alcohol to generate amphiphilic surfactants (PEG-hydrocarbon-OH). The resulting macromolecules were then used as side chains to covalently modify a pre-synthesized PS8 K-b-P(E/B)25 K-b-PI10 K (SEBI or K3) triblock copolymer, and the final polymers were applied to glass substrata through an established multilayer surface coating technique to prepare fouling resistant coatings. The coated surfaces were characterized with AFM, XPS and NEXAFS, and evaluated in laboratory assays with two important fouling algae, Ulva linza (a green macroalga) and Navicula incerta, a biofilm-forming diatom. The results suggest that these polymer-coated surfaces undergo surface reconstruction upon changing the contact medium (polymer/air vs polymer/water), due to the preferential interfacial aggregation of the PEG segment on the surface in water. The amphiphilic polymer-coated surfaces showed promising results as both AF and FR coatings. The sample with longer PEG chain lengths (Mw = 550 g mol(-1)) exhibited excellent properties against both algae, highlighting the importance of the chemical structures on ultimate biological performance. Besides reporting synthesis and characterization of this new type of amphiphilic surface material, this work also provides insight into the nature of PEG/hydrocarbon amphiphilic coatings, and this understanding may help in the design of future generations of fluorine-free, environmentally friendly AF/FR polymeric coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Zhou
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , USA
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14
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Zhu X, Guo S, Jańczewski D, Velandia FJP, Teo SLM, Vancso GJ. Multilayers of fluorinated amphiphilic polyions for marine fouling prevention. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:288-296. [PMID: 24328828 DOI: 10.1021/la404300r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sequential layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolytes followed by chemical cross-linking was investigated as a method to fabricate functional amphiphilic surfaces for marine biofouling prevention applications. A novel polyanion, grafted with amphiphilic perfluoroalkyl polyethylene glycol (fPEG) side chains, was synthesized and subsequently used to introduce amphiphilic character to the LbL film. The structure of the polyanion was confirmed by FTIR and NMR. Amphiphilicity of the film assembly was demonstrated by both water and hexadecane static contact angles. XPS studies of the cross-linked and annealed amphiphilic LbL films revealed the increased concentration of fPEG content at the film interface. In antifouling assays, the amphiphilic LbL films effectively prevented the adhesion of the marine bacterium Pseudomonas (NCIMB 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
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15
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Yang Q, Mi B. Nanomaterials for membrane fouling control: accomplishments and challenges. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2013; 20:536-55. [PMID: 24206605 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a review of recent research efforts on incorporating nanomaterials-including metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and polymeric nanomaterials-into/onto membranes to improve membrane antifouling properties in biomedical or potentially medical-related applications. In general, nanomaterials can be incorporated into/onto a membrane by blending them into membrane fabricating materials or by attaching them to membrane surfaces via physical or chemical approaches. Overall, the fascinating, multifaceted properties (eg, high hydrophilicity, superparamagnetic properties, antibacterial properties, amenable functionality, strong hydration capability) of nanomaterials provide numerous novel strategies and unprecedented opportunities to fully mitigate membrane fouling. However, there are still challenges in achieving a broader adoption of nanomaterials in the membrane processes used for biomedical applications. Most of these challenges arise from the concerns over their long-term antifouling performance, hemocompatibility, and toxicity toward humans. Therefore, rigorous investigation is still needed before the adoption of some of these nanomaterials in biomedical applications, especially for those nanomaterials proposed to be used in the human body or in contact with living tissue/body fluids for a long period of time. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to predict that the service lifetime of membrane-based biomedical devices and implants will be prolonged significantly with the adoption of appropriate fouling control strategies.
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Hankett JM, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Chen Z. Molecular level studies of polymer behaviors at the water interface using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Vázquez AV, Holden B, Kristalyn C, Fuller M, Wilkerson B, Chen Z. Surface and buried interfacial structures of epoxy resins used as underfills studied by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:1640-1651. [PMID: 21504140 DOI: 10.1021/am2001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Flip chip technology has greatly improved the performance of semiconductor devices, but relies heavily on the performance of epoxy underfill adhesives. Because epoxy underfills are cured in situ in flip chip semiconductor devices, understanding their surface and interfacial structures is critical for understanding their adhesion to various substrates. Here, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was used to study surface and buried interfacial structures of two model epoxy resins used as underfills in flip chip devices, bisphenol A digylcidyl ether (BADGE) and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). The surface structures of these epoxies were compared before and after cure, and the orientations of their surface functional groups were deduced to understand how surface structural changes during cure may affect adhesion properties. Further, the effect of moisture exposure, a known cause of adhesion failure, on surface structures was studied. It was found that the BADGE surface significantly restructured upon moisture exposure while the BDDGE surface did not, showing that BADGE adhesives may be more prone to moisture-induced delamination. Lastly, although surface structure can give some insight into adhesion, buried interfacial structures more directly correspond to adhesion properties of polymers. SFG was used to study buried interfaces between deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) and the epoxies before and after moisture exposure. It was shown that moisture exposure acted to disorder the buried interfaces, most likely due to swelling. These results correlated with lap shear adhesion testing showing a decrease in adhesion strength after moisture exposure. The presented work showed that surface and interfacial structures can be correlated to adhesive strength and may be helpful in understanding and designing optimized epoxy underfill adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne V Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Trends in the development of environmentally friendly fouling-resistant marine coatings. Nat Commun 2011; 2:244. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 830] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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