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Shiraz H, Sokolova AV, de Campo L, Knott R, McCoy TM, Cameron NR, Tabor RF. Neutron and X-ray Scattering Characterization of Silica Nanoparticle-Stabilized Polymer Hybrid Latex Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:18545-18554. [PMID: 39161316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
A robust route to produce poly(methyl methacrylate) (pMMA) hybrid latex particles (radius ∼250 nm) that are selectively "armored" with silica nanoparticles (radius 12.5 nm) through addition of vinyltriethoxysilane was previously shown ( J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2018, 528, 289-300).Depending on synthesis conditions, the extent of nanoparticle attachment could be varied; however, the mechanism behind this attachment during latex growth remained unclear. The dual population of particles present (silica + polymer) means that particle sizing by dynamic light scattering is ambiguous. Furthermore, the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymers such as poly(butyl acrylate) (pBA) typically used in film-forming applications for decorative coatings (i.e., paints) means that the hybrid latex particles are too "soft" for robust analysis through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Here, we show that small- and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS), along with complementary data from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), reveals that these armored hybrid latex particles adopt a raspberry-type configuration, supporting their core-shell structure. The number of nanoparticles present on the surface of the hybrid latex can be adjusted by addition of one of a diverse range of alkyl- or perfluoroalkyl-silanes to alter silica nanoparticle hydrophobicity, and quantified through analysis of scattering data. The approach therefore provides a novel, nonperturbative, and in situ method of quantifying nanoparticle attachment to polymer latex particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Shiraz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 14 Alliance Lane, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna V Sokolova
- ANSTO, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights 2234, NSW, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- ANSTO, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights 2234, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Knott
- ANSTO, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights 2234, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas M McCoy
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil R Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 14 Alliance Lane, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia
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Ishihara M, Kaeda T, Sasaki T. Silica/polymer core–shell particles prepared via soap-free emulsion polymerization. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, core–shell particles were prepared as a hybrid material, in which a thin polymer shell was formed on the surface of the SiO2 sphere particles. The core–shell structure was successfully achieved without adding a surfactant via simple free-radical polymerization (soap-free emulsion polymerization) for various monomers of styrene, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and their derivatives. MMA formed thin homogeneous shells of polymer (PMMA) less than 100 nm in thickness with complete surface coverage and a very smooth shell surface. The obtained shell morphology strongly depended on the monomers, which suggests different shell formation mechanisms with respect to the monomers. It was found that the cross-linking monomer 1,4-divinylbenzene tends to promote shell formation, and the cross-linking reaction may stabilize the core–shell structure throughout radical polymerization. It should also be noted that the present method produced a considerable amount of pure polymer besides the core–shell particles. The glass transition temperatures of the obtained polymer shells were higher than those of the corresponding bulk materials. This result suggests strong interactions at the core–shell interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ishihara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui , 910 8507 , Japan
| | - Tomofumi Kaeda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui , 910 8507 , Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui , 910 8507 , Japan
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Lee D, Kaushik M, Coustel R, Chenavier Y, Chanal M, Bardet M, Dubois L, Okuno H, Rochat N, Duclairoir F, Mouesca J, De Paëpe G. Solid‐State NMR and DFT Combined for the Surface Study of Functionalized Silicon Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2015; 21:16047-58. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Monu Kaushik
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- Present address: Institutes of Biophysical Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance BMRZ, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt/M. (Germany)
| | - Romain Coustel
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- Present address: Université de Lorraine, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers‐les‐Nancy 54600 (France)
| | - Yves Chenavier
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Myriam Chanal
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Michel Bardet
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Lionel Dubois
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Hanako Okuno
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SP2M, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Névine Rochat
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA‐LETI, MINATEC Campus, 38054 Grenoble (France)
| | - Florence Duclairoir
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Jean‐Marie Mouesca
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Gaël De Paëpe
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
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Hansen MR, Graf R, Spiess HW. Interplay of Structure and Dynamics in Functional Macromolecular and Supramolecular Systems As Revealed by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1272-308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ryan Hansen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, P.O. Box 3148, 55021 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, P.O. Box 3148, 55021 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Farhoodi M. Nanocomposite Materials for Food Packaging Applications: Characterization and Safety Evaluation. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-015-9114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yuan J, Qian H. The effect of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) addition on the structure and properties of film-forming polyacrylate/silica core-shell composite particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - He Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
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Lee D, Takahashi H, Thankamony ASL, Dacquin JP, Bardet M, Lafon O, De Paëpe G. Enhanced Solid-State NMR Correlation Spectroscopy of Quadrupolar Nuclei Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18491-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307755t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique
et Biologique (SCIB), UMR-E 3 CEA/UJF-Grenoble 1, Institut Nanosciences
et Cryogénie (INAC), F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique
et Biologique (SCIB), UMR-E 3 CEA/UJF-Grenoble 1, Institut Nanosciences
et Cryogénie (INAC), F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Aany S. L. Thankamony
- Université Lille Nord
de France, 59000 Lille, CNRS UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et
de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Université de Lille 1, Bât.
C7, F-59652, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Dacquin
- Université Lille Nord
de France, 59000 Lille, CNRS UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et
de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Université de Lille 1, Bât.
C7, F-59652, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Michel Bardet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique
et Biologique (SCIB), UMR-E 3 CEA/UJF-Grenoble 1, Institut Nanosciences
et Cryogénie (INAC), F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Université Lille Nord
de France, 59000 Lille, CNRS UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et
de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Université de Lille 1, Bât.
C7, F-59652, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Gaël De Paëpe
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique
et Biologique (SCIB), UMR-E 3 CEA/UJF-Grenoble 1, Institut Nanosciences
et Cryogénie (INAC), F-38054 Grenoble, France
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Fielding LA, Armes SP. Preparation of Pickering emulsions and colloidosomes using either a glycerol-functionalised silica sol or core–shell polymer/silica nanocomposite particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fielding LA, Tonnar J, Armes SP. All-acrylic film-forming colloidal polymer/silica nanocomposite particles prepared by aqueous emulsion polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:11129-11144. [PMID: 21776995 DOI: 10.1021/la202066n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of all-acrylic, film-forming, core-shell colloidal nanocomposite particles via in situ aqueous emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with n-butyl acrylate in the presence of a glycerol-functionalized ultrafine silica sol using a cationic azo initiator at 60 °C is reported. It is shown that relatively monodisperse nanocomposite particles can be produced with typical mean weight-average diameters of 140-330 nm and silica contents of up to 39 wt %. The importance of surface functionalization of the silica sol is highlighted, and it is demonstrated that systematic variation of parameters such as the initial silica sol concentration and initiator concentration affect both the mean particle diameter and the silica aggregation efficiency. The nanocomposite morphology comprises a copolymer core and a particulate silica shell, as determined by aqueous electrophoresis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Moreover, it is shown that films cast from n-butyl acrylate-rich copolymer/silica nanocomposite dispersions are significantly more transparent than those prepared from the poly(styrene-co-n-butyl acrylate)/silica nanocomposite particles reported previously. In the case of the aqueous emulsion homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of ultrafine silica, a particle formation mechanism is proposed to account for the various experimental observations made when periodically sampling such nanocomposite syntheses at intermediate comonomer conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Fielding
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
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Balmer JA, Mykhaylyk OO, Schmid A, Armes SP, Fairclough JPA, Ryan AJ. Characterization of polymer-silica nanocomposite particles with core-shell morphologies using Monte Carlo simulations and small angle X-ray scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8075-8089. [PMID: 21661736 DOI: 10.1021/la201319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A two-population model based on standard small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) equations is verified for the analysis of core-shell structures comprising spherical colloidal particles with particulate shells. First, Monte Carlo simulations of core-shell structures are performed to demonstrate the applicability of the model. Three possible shell packings are considered: ordered silica shells due to either charge-dependent repulsive or size-dependent Lennard-Jones interactions or randomly arranged silica particles. In most cases, the two-population model produces an excellent fit to calculated SAXS patterns for the simulated core-shell structures, together with a good correlation between the fitting parameters and structural parameters used for the simulation. The limits of application are discussed, and then, this two-population model is applied to the analysis of well-defined core-shell vinyl polymer/silica nanocomposite particles, where the shell comprises a monolayer of spherical silica nanoparticles. Comprehensive SAXS analysis of a series of poly(styrene-co-n-butyl acrylate)/silica colloidal nanocomposite particles (prepared by the in situ emulsion copolymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate in the presence of a glycerol-functionalized silica sol) allows the overall core-shell particle diameter, the copolymer latex core diameter and polydispersity, the mean silica shell thickness, the mean silica diameter and polydispersity, the volume fractions of the two components, the silica packing density, and the silica shell structure to be obtained. These experimental SAXS results are consistent with electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetry, helium pycnometry, and BET surface area studies. The high electron density contrast between the (co)polymer and the silica components, together with the relatively low polydispersity of these core-shell nanocomposite particles, makes SAXS ideally suited for the characterization of this system. Moreover, these results can be generalized for other types of core-shell colloidal particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Balmer
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, Brook Hill, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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