1
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Atwa M, Li X, Wang Z, Dull S, Xu S, Tong X, Tang R, Nishihara H, Prinz F, Birss V. Scalable nanoporous carbon films allow line-of-sight 3D atomic layer deposition of Pt: towards a new generation catalyst layer for PEM fuel cells. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2451-2462. [PMID: 34846397 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00268f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although nanoporous carbons are ubiquitous materials that are used in many clean energy and environmental applications, most are in powder form, thus requiring binders to hold particles together. This results in uncontrolled and complex pathways between particles, potentially exacerbating mass transport issues. To overcome these problems, we have developed an unprecedented binderless, self-supported, nanoporous carbon scaffold (NCS) with tunable and monodisperse pores (5-100+ nm), high surface area (ca. 200-575 m2 g-1), and 3-dimensional scalability (1-150+ cm2, 1-1000 μm thickness). Here, it is shown that NCS85 membranes (85 nm pores) are particularly promising as a host for the homogeneous and efficient 3-D atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Pt nanoparticles, due to the facile penetration of gas phase Pt precursor throughout the homogeneous, low tortuosity internal structure. Furthermore, the high density of surface defects of the as-synthesized NCS promotes uniform Pt nucleation with minimal agglomeration. These advantageous features are key to the rapid oxygen reduction kinetics observed under polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell MEA testing conditions. Cells constructed with an optimal ALD Pt loading of 30 cycles are shown to exhibit a specific activity of ≥0.4 mA cm-2Pt which is exemplary when compared to two commercial catalyst layers with comparable Pt mass loadings and tested under the same conditions. Furthermore, a maximum power density of 1230 mW cm-2 (IR-corrected) is obtained, with the limiting current densities approaching a very respectable 3 A cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Atwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Suez Canal University, El Salam District, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Xiaoan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Zhaoxuan Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Samuel Dull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shicheng Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Building 530, 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xia Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Rui Tang
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research/Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research/Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Fritz Prinz
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Building 530, 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Viola Birss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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2
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Khaleque T, Zhang X, Kumar Thakur V, Aria AI, Yazdani Nezhad H. Tailoring of Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Composite-Metal Bonded Joints. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:E170. [PMID: 33418849 PMCID: PMC7824893 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic substrates and polymer adhesive in composite-metal joints have a relatively large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch, which is a barrier in the growing market of electric vehicles and their battery structures. It is reported that adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the adhesive reduces the CTE of the CNT-enhanced polymer adhesive multi-material system, and therefore when used in adhesively bonded joints it would, theoretically, result in low CTE mismatch in the joint system. The current article presents the influence of two specific mass ratios of CNTs on the CTE of the enhanced polymer. It was observed that the addition of 1.0 wt% and 2.68 wt% of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) decreased the CTE of the polymer adhesive from 7.5×10-5 °C-1 (pristine level) to 5.87×10-5 °C-1 and 4.43×10-5 °C-1, respectively, by 22% and 41% reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnuva Khaleque
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, City University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK;
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK;
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Adrianus Indrat Aria
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Hamed Yazdani Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, City University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK;
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3
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Chen C, Huang Z, Jiao Y, Shi LA, Zhang Y, Li J, Li C, Lv X, Wu S, Hu Y, Zhu W, Wu D, Chu J, Jiang L. In Situ Reversible Control between Sliding and Pinning for Diverse Liquids under Ultra-Low Voltage. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5742-5752. [PMID: 31051072 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermally responsive paraffin-infused slippery surfaces have demonstrated intriguing performance in manipulating the behaviors of versatile droplets. However, present methods have been limited to ex situ rigid heat sources with a high voltage of 220 V or certain specific photothermal materials, which greatly hinders its practical applications. To solve this problem, an intelligent droplet motion control actuator (DMCA) composed of paraffin wax, hydrophobic micropillar-arrayed ZnO film, and a flexible transparent silver nanowire heater (SNWH) is reported in this work. Due to the good portability of DMCA, in situ switchable wettability for several liquid droplets with different surface tensions can be achieved by simply loading and unloading Joule heat at an ultra-low voltage (12 V). The relationship among sliding velocity and droplet volume and inclined angles was quantitatively investigated. By virtue of the flexible and mechanical endurance, this smart DMCA is dramatically functional for droplet motion manipulation ( e.g., reversible control between sliding and pinning) on complex 3D surfaces. Significantly, an impressive self-healing ability within 22 s is also demonstrated through the in situ application of Joule heat on the scratched DMCA, which renders its practical usability in various harsh conditions. This work provides insights for designing intelligent, flexible, and portable actuators dealing with the challenges of smart temperature-responsive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chuanzong Li
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Sizhu Wu
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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4
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YAMASAKI R, TAKATSUJI Y, MORIMOTO M, SAKAKURA T, MATSUO K, HARUYAMA T. Green Surface Cleaning in a Radical Vapor Reactor to Remove Organic Fouling on a Substrate. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.18-00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota YAMASAKI
- Research Center for Eco-fitting Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology
- Division of Functional Interface Engineering, Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
- Advanced Catalytic Transformation Program for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
| | - Yoshiyuki TAKATSUJI
- Division of Functional Interface Engineering, Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Masayuki MORIMOTO
- Division of Functional Interface Engineering, Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
- Advanced Catalytic Transformation Program for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
| | - Tatsuya SAKAKURA
- Division of Functional Interface Engineering, Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Keishi MATSUO
- Division of Functional Interface Engineering, Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Tetsuya HARUYAMA
- Research Center for Eco-fitting Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology
- Division of Functional Interface Engineering, Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
- Advanced Catalytic Transformation Program for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
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5
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Yang C, Wu L, Li G. Magnetically Responsive Superhydrophobic Surface: In Situ Reversible Switching of Water Droplet Wettability and Adhesion for Droplet Manipulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20150-20158. [PMID: 29806941 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A smart, magnetically responsive superhydrophobic surface was facilely prepared by combining spray coating and magnetic-field-directed self-assembly. The surface comprised a dense array of magnetorheological elastomer micropillars (MREMPs). Benefitting from the magnetic field-stiffening effect of the MREMPs, the surface exhibited reversible switching of the wettability and adhesion that was responsive to an on/off magnetic field. The wettability and adhesion properties of the surfaces with MREMPs were investigated under different magnetic fields. The results revealed that the adhesion force and sliding behaviors of these surfaces were strongly dependent on the intensity of the applied magnetic field and the mixing ratio of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), iron particles, and solvent (in solution) used for preparation of the magnetically responsive superhydrophobic surfaces. The adhesion transition was attributed to the tunable mechanical properties of the MREMPs, which was easily controlled by an external magnetic field. It was also demonstrated that the magnetically responsive superhydrophobic surface can be used as a "mechanical hand" for no-loss liquid droplet transportation. This magnetically responsive superhydrophobic surface not only provides a novel interface for microfluidic control and droplet transportation, but also opens up new avenues for achieving smart liquid-repellent skin, programmable fluid collection and transport, and smart microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Gang Li
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
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6
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Iglesias D, Senokos E, Alemán B, Cabana L, Navío C, Marcilla R, Prato M, Vilatela JJ, Marchesan S. Gas-Phase Functionalization of Macroscopic Carbon Nanotube Fiber Assemblies: Reaction Control, Electrochemical Properties, and Use for Flexible Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5760-5770. [PMID: 29302960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into fibers (CNTFs) is a convenient approach to exploit and apply the unique physico-chemical properties of CNTs in many fields. CNT functionalization has been extensively used for its implementation into composites and devices. However, CNTF functionalization is still in its infancy because of the challenges associated with preservation of CNTF morphology. Here, we report a thorough study of the gas-phase functionalization of CNTF assemblies using ozone which was generated in situ from a UV source. In contrast with liquid-based oxidation methods, this gas-phase approach preserves CNTF morphology, while notably increasing its hydrophilicity. The functionalized material is thoroughly characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Its newly acquired hydrophilicity enables CNTF electrochemical characterization in aqueous media, which was not possible for the pristine material. Through comparison of electrochemical measurements in aqueous electrolytes and ionic liquids, we decouple the effects of functionalization on pseudocapacitive reactions and quantum capacitance. The functionalized CNTF assembly is successfully used as an active material and a current collector in all-solid supercapacitor flexible devices with an ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Iglesias
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Evgeny Senokos
- IMDEA Materials Institute , c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
- E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Energy Institute , Parque Tecnológico de Móstoles, Avda. De la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Alemán
- IMDEA Materials Institute , c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cabana
- IMDEA Materials Institute , c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Navío
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute , Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Marcilla
- IMDEA Energy Institute , Parque Tecnológico de Móstoles, Avda. De la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque , Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Juan J Vilatela
- IMDEA Materials Institute , c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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7
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Park JK, Yang Z, Kim S. Black Silicon/Elastomer Composite Surface with Switchable Wettability and Adhesion between Lotus and Rose Petal Effects by Mechanical Strain. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33333-33340. [PMID: 28901732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although many recent studies demonstrate surfaces with switchable wettability under various external stimuli, a deliberate effort to self-propel liquid droplets utilizing a surface wetting mode switch between slippery lotus and adhesive rose petal states via a mechanical strain has not been made yet, which would otherwise further benefit microfluidic applications. In this work, we present a black silicon/elastomer (bSi/elastomer) composite surface which shows switchable wettability and adhesion across the two wetting modes by mechanical stretching. The composite surface is composed of a scale-like nanostructured silicon platelet array that covers an elastomer surface. The gap between the neighboring silicon platelets is reversibly changeable as a function of a mechanical strain, leading to the transition between the two wetting modes. Moreover, the composite surface is highly flexible although its wetting properties primarily originate from superhydrophobic bSi platelets. Different wetting characteristics of the composite surface in various mechanical strains are studied, and droplet manipulation such as droplet self-propulsion and pick-and-place using the composite surface is demonstrated, which highlights its potentials for microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kyu Park
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1206 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zining Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1206 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Seok Kim
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1206 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Yamasaki R, Takatsuji Y, Morimoto M, Ishikawa S, Fujinami T, Haruyama T. Sustainable process for functional group introduction onto HOPG by exposing OH and 1O2 using a radical vapor reactor (RVR) without any chemical reagents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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He L, Karumuri A, Mukhopadhyay SM. Wettability tailoring of nanotube carpets: morphology-chemistry synergy for hydrophobic–hydrophilic cycling. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Li X, Xue Y, Zou M, Zhang D, Cao A, Duan H. Direct Oil Recovery from Saturated Carbon Nanotube Sponges. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12337-43. [PMID: 27120687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oil adsorption by porous materials is a major strategy for water purification and industrial spill cleanup; it is of great interest if the adsorbed oil can be safely recovered from those porous media. Here, direct oil recovery from fully saturated bulk carbon nanotube (CNT) sponges by displacing oil with water in controlled manner is shown. Surfactant-assisted electrocapillary imbibition is adopted to drive aqueous electrolyte into the sponge and extrude organic oil out continuously at low potentials (up to -1.2 V). More than 95 wt % of oil adsorbed within the sponge can be recovered, via a single electrocapillary process. Recovery of different oils with a wide range of viscosities is demonstrated, and the remaining CNT sponge can be reused with similar recovery capacity. A direct and efficient method is provided to recover oil from CNT sponges by water imbibition, which has many potential environmental and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, §ERE & SKLTCS, College of Engineering, and ∥CAPT, HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, BIC-ESAT, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, §ERE & SKLTCS, College of Engineering, and ∥CAPT, HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, BIC-ESAT, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingchu Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, §ERE & SKLTCS, College of Engineering, and ∥CAPT, HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, BIC-ESAT, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, §ERE & SKLTCS, College of Engineering, and ∥CAPT, HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, BIC-ESAT, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Anyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, §ERE & SKLTCS, College of Engineering, and ∥CAPT, HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, BIC-ESAT, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, §ERE & SKLTCS, College of Engineering, and ∥CAPT, HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, BIC-ESAT, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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11
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Aria A, Kidambi PR, Weatherup RS, Xiao L, Williams JA, Hofmann S. Time Evolution of the Wettability of Supported Graphene under Ambient Air Exposure. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:2215-2224. [PMID: 26900413 PMCID: PMC4754094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The wettability of graphene is both fundamental and crucial for interfacing in most applications, but a detailed understanding of its time evolution remains elusive. Here we systematically investigate the wettability of metal-supported, chemical vapor deposited graphene films as a function of ambient air exposure time using water and various other test liquids with widely different surface tensions. The wettability of graphene is not constant, but varies with substrate interactions and air exposure time. The substrate interactions affect the initial graphene wettability, where, for instance, water contact angles of ∼85 and ∼61° were measured for Ni and Cu supported graphene, respectively, after just minutes of air exposure. Analysis of the surface free energy components indicates that the substrate interactions strongly influence the Lewis acid-base component of supported graphene, which is considerably weaker for Ni supported graphene than for Cu supported graphene, suggesting that the classical van der Waals interaction theory alone is insufficient to describe the wettability of graphene. For prolonged air exposure, the effect of physisorption of airborne contaminants becomes increasingly dominant, resulting in an increase of water contact angle that follows a universal linear-logarithmic relationship with exposure time, until saturating at a maximum value of 92-98°. The adsorbed contaminants render all supported graphene samples increasingly nonpolar, although their total surface free energy decreases only by 10-16% to about 37-41 mJ/m2. Our finding shows that failure to account for the air exposure time may lead to widely different wettability values and contradicting arguments about the wetting transparency of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus
I. Aria
- Division of Electrical
Engineering and Division of Mechanics, Materials
and Design, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1PZ
| | - Piran R. Kidambi
- Division of Electrical
Engineering and Division of Mechanics, Materials
and Design, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1PZ
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Robert S. Weatherup
- Division of Electrical
Engineering and Division of Mechanics, Materials
and Design, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1PZ
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Long Xiao
- Division of Electrical
Engineering and Division of Mechanics, Materials
and Design, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1PZ
| | - John A. Williams
- Division of Electrical
Engineering and Division of Mechanics, Materials
and Design, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1PZ
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Division of Electrical
Engineering and Division of Mechanics, Materials
and Design, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1PZ
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12
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Chang YH, Feng SP. Stepwise anodic electrodeposition of nanoporous NiOOH/Ni(OH)2 with controllable wettability and its applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1023697x.2015.1102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Huei Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shien-Ping Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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13
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Kazi SN, Badarudin A, Zubir MNM, Ming HN, Misran M, Sadeghinezhad E, Mehrali M, Syuhada NI. Investigation on the use of graphene oxide as novel surfactant to stabilize weakly charged graphene nanoplatelets. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:212. [PMID: 25995712 PMCID: PMC4435691 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a unique synergistic behavior between a graphene oxide (GO) and graphene nanoplatelet (GnP) composite in an aqueous medium. The results showed that GO stabilized GnP colloid near its isoelectric point and prevented rapid agglomeration and sedimentation. It was considered that a rarely encountered charge-dependent electrostatic interaction between the highly charged GO and weakly charged GnP particles kept GnP suspended at its rapid coagulation and phase separation pH. Sedimentation and transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrograph images revealed the evidence of highly stable colloidal mixtures while zeta potential measurement provided semi-quantitative explanation on the mechanism of stabilization. GnP suspension was confirmed via UV-vis spectral data while contact angle measurement elucidated the close resemblance to an aqueous solution indicating the ability of GO to mediate the flocculation prone GnP colloids. About a tenfold increase in viscosity was recorded at a low shear rate in comparison to an individual GO solution due to a strong interaction manifested between participating colloids. An optimum level of mixing ratio between the two constituents was also obtained. These new findings related to an interaction between charge-based graphitic carbon materials would open new avenues for further exploration on the enhancement of both GO and GnP functionalities particularly in mechanical and electrical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Newaz Kazi
- />Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Badarudin
- />Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir
- />Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Huang Nay Ming
- />Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Misni Misran
- />Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Emad Sadeghinezhad
- />Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mehrali
- />Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Material Research Centre, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ily Syuhada
- />Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Chang YH, Hau NY, Liu C, Huang YT, Li CC, Shih K, Feng SP. A short-range ordered-disordered transition of a NiOOH/Ni(OH)2 pair induces switchable wettability. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:15309-15. [PMID: 25384522 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05261g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of its amorphous structure with a short-range order feature, the inorganic nanoporous nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) can reversibly and rapidly switch wettability by alternate treatments of environmental chamber (superhydrophobic) and UV/ozone (superhydrophilic). The switchable mechanism of the NiOOH/Ni(OH)2 pair arising from its exceptional intrinsic short-range order-disorder transition together with chemical composition change is highlighted for the first time, which significantly differs from the current stimuli-responsive materials. This distinct multifunctional thin film not only possesses reversible wettability but also is optically patternable/repairable and electrically conductive, which could be applicable in the manufacturing of various micro- and nanostructures. We demonstrate this potential in the rewritable two-dimensional (2D) microfluidic channels and wetting-contrast enhanced selective electroplating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Huei Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong.
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15
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Pakdel A, Bando Y, Golberg D. Plasma-assisted interface engineering of boron nitride nanostructure films. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10631-9. [PMID: 25290761 DOI: 10.1021/nn5041729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Today many aspects of science and technology are progressing into the nanoscale realm where surfaces and interfaces are intrinsically important in determining properties and performances of materials and devices. One familiar phenomenon in which interfacial interactions play a major role is the wetting of solids. In this work we use a facile one-step plasma method to control the wettability of boron nitride (BN) nanostructure films via covalent chemical functionalization, while their surface morphology remains intact. By tailoring the concentration of grafted hydroxyl groups, superhydrophilic, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic patterns are created on the initially superhydrophobic BN nanosheet and nanotube films. Moreover, by introducing a gradient of the functional groups, directional liquid spreading toward increasing [OH] content is achieved on the films. The resulting insights are meant to illustrate great potentials of this method to tailor wettability of ceramic films, control liquid flow patterns for engineering applications such as microfluidics and biosensing, and improve the interfacial contact and adhesion in nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Pakdel
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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16
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Fabrication of carbon nanotube—polyimide composite hollow microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:879-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Aria AI, Gharib M. Physicochemical characteristics and droplet impact dynamics of superhydrophobic carbon nanotube arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6780-90. [PMID: 24866696 DOI: 10.1021/la501360t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical and droplet impact dynamics of superhydrophobic carbon nanotube arrays are investigated. These superhydrophobic arrays are fabricated simply by exposing the as-grown carbon nanotube arrays to a vacuum annealing treatment at a moderate temperature. This treatment, which allows a significant removal of oxygen adsorbates, leads to a dramatic change in wettability of the arrays, from mildly hydrophobic to superhydrophobic. Such change in wettability is also accompanied by a substantial change in surface charge and electrochemical properties. Here, the droplet impact dynamics are characterized in terms of critical Weber number, coefficient of restitution, spreading factor, and contact time. Based on these characteristics, it is found that superhydrophobic carbon nanotube arrays are among the best water-repellent surfaces ever reported. The results presented herein may pave a way for the utilization of superhydrophobic carbon nanotube arrays in numerous industrial and practical applications, including inkjet printing, direct injection engines, steam turbines, and microelectronic fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus I Aria
- Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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18
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Multiwalled carbon nanotube mixed matrix membranes containing amines for high pressure CO2/H2 separation. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Pryzhkova MV, Aria I, Cheng Q, Harris GM, Zan X, Gharib M, Jabbarzadeh E. Carbon nanotube-based substrates for modulation of human pluripotent stem cell fate. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5098-109. [PMID: 24690530 PMCID: PMC4943838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the biological response of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) cultured on a carbon nanotube (CNT) array-based substrate with the long term goal to direct hPSC germ layer specification for a wide variety of tissue engineering applications. CNT arrays were fabricated using a chemical vapor deposition system allowing for control over surface roughness and mechanical stiffness. Our results demonstrated that hPSCs readily attach to hydrophilized and extracellular matrix coated CNT arrays. hPSCs cultured as colonies in conditions supporting self-renewal demonstrated the morphology and marker expression of undifferentiated hPSCs. Conditions inducing spontaneous differentiation lead to hPSC commitment to all three embryonic germ layers as assessed by immunostaining and RT-PCR analysis. Strikingly, the physical characteristics of CNT arrays favored mesodermal specification of hPSCs. This is contradictory to the behavior of hPSCs on traditional tissue culture plastic which promotes the development of ectoderm. Altogether, these results demonstrate the potential of CNT arrays to be used in the generation of new platforms that allow for precise control of hPSC differentiation by tuning the characteristics of their physical microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Pryzhkova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Indrat Aria
- Graduate Aeronautics Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA
| | - Qingsu Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Greg M Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Morteza Gharib
- Graduate Aeronautics Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ehsan Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA.
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20
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From the solvothermally treated poly(vinylidenefluoride) colloidal suspension to sticky hydrophobic coating. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Aria AI, Gharib M. Dry oxidation and vacuum annealing treatments for tuning the wetting properties of carbon nanotube arrays. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 23629482 DOI: 10.3791/50378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe a simple method to reversibly tune the wetting properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. Here, CNT arrays are defined as densely packed multi-walled carbon nanotubes oriented perpendicular to the growth substrate as a result of a growth process by the standard thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique.(1,2) These CNT arrays are then exposed to vacuum annealing treatment to make them more hydrophobic or to dry oxidation treatment to render them more hydrophilic. The hydrophobic CNT arrays can be turned hydrophilic by exposing them to dry oxidation treatment, while the hydrophilic CNT arrays can be turned hydrophobic by exposing them to vacuum annealing treatment. Using a combination of both treatments, CNT arrays can be repeatedly switched between hydrophilic and hydrophobic.(2) Therefore, such combination show a very high potential in many industrial and consumer applications, including drug delivery system and high power density supercapacitors.(3-5) The key to vary the wettability of CNT arrays is to control the surface concentration of oxygen adsorbates. Basically oxygen adsorbates can be introduced by exposing the CNT arrays to any oxidation treatment. Here we use dry oxidation treatments, such as oxygen plasma and UV/ozone, to functionalize the surface of CNT with oxygenated functional groups. These oxygenated functional groups allow hydrogen bond between the surface of CNT and water molecules to form, rendering the CNT hydrophilic. To turn them hydrophobic, adsorbed oxygen must be removed from the surface of CNT. Here we employ vacuum annealing treatment to induce oxygen desorption process. CNT arrays with extremely low surface concentration of oxygen adsorbates exhibit a superhydrophobic behavior.
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22
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Fabrication of superhydrophobic and conductive surface based on carbon nanotubes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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