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Rani S, Chandna P. Multiomics Analysis-Based Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1-27. [PMID: 35084716 PMCID: PMC10010205 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an utmost communal endocrine, psychological, reproductive, and metabolic disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age with extensive range of clinical manifestations. This may even lead to long-term multiple morbidities including obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, infertility, cerebrovascular diseases, and ovarian and endometrial cancer. Women affliction from PCOS in midst assemblage of manifestations allied with menstrual dysfunction and androgen exorbitance, which considerably affects eminence of life. PCOS is recognized as a multifactorial disorder and systemic syndrome in first-degree family members; therefore, the etiology of PCOS syndrome has not been copiously interpreted. The disorder of PCOS comprehends numerous allied health conditions and has influenced various metabolic processes. Due to multifaceted pathophysiology engaging several pathways and proteins, single genetic diagnostic tests cannot be supportive to determine in straight way. Clarification of cellular and biochemical pathways and various genetic players underlying PCOS could upsurge our consideration of pathophysiology of this syndrome. It is requisite to know pathophysiological relationship between biomarker and their reflection towards PCOS disease. Biomarkers deliver vibrantly and potent ways to apprehend the spectrum of PCOS with applications in screening, diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring. This paper relies on the endeavor to point out many candidates as potential biomarkers based on omics technologies, thus highlighting correlation between PCOS disease with innovative technologies. Therefore, the objective of existing review is to encapsulate more findings towards cutting-edge advances in prospective use of biomarkers for PCOS disease. Discussed biomarkers may be fruitful in guiding therapies, addressing disease risk, and predicting clinical outcomes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rani
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi , 110021, India.
| | - Piyush Chandna
- Natdynamics Biosciences Confederation, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122001, India
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Sciacqua D, Pattyn C, Jagodar A, von Wahl E, Lecas T, Strunskus T, Kovacevic E, Berndt J. Controlling the flux of reactive species: a case study on thin film deposition in an aniline/argon plasma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15913. [PMID: 32985556 PMCID: PMC7522240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe plasma based synthesis of thin films is frequently used to deposit ultra-thin and pinhole-free films on a wide class of different substrates. However, the synthesis of thin films by means of low temperature plasmas is rather complex due to the great number of different species (neutrals, radicals, ions) that are potentially involved in the deposition process. This contribution deals with polymerization processes in a capacitively coupled discharge operated in a mixture of argon and aniline where the latter is a monomer, which is used for the production of plasma-polymerized polyaniline, a material belonging to the class of conductive polymers. This work will present a particular experimental approach that allows to (partially) distinguish the contribution of different species to the film growth and thus to control to a certain extent the properties of the resulting material. The control of the species flux emerging from the plasma and contributing to the film growth also sheds new light on the deposition process, in particular with respect to the role of the ion component. The analysis of the produced films has been performed by means of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS).
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Abstract
This feature article begins by outlining the problem of infection and its implication on healthcare. The initial introductory section is followed by a description of the four distinct classes of antibacterial coatings and materials, i.e., bacteria repealing, contact killing, releasing and responsive, that were developed over the years by our team and others. Specific examples of each individual class of antibacterial materials and a discussion on the pros and cons of each strategy are provided. The article contains a dedicated section focused on silver nanoparticle based coatings and materials, which have attracted tremendous interest from the scientific and medical communities. The article concludes with the author’s view regarding the future of the field.
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Carletto A, Badyal JPS. Ultra-high selectivity pulsed plasmachemical deposition reaction pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16468-16476. [PMID: 31321394 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycidyl methacrylate pulsed plasmas have been investigated using time-resolved in situ mass spectrometry. At low pulsed plasma duty cycles, monomer fragmentation leading to the formation of polymerisation initiator species occurs within each short electrical discharge pulse (ton = microseconds timescale). This is followed by conventional step-wise monomer addition polymerisation occurring during the subsequent extended off-period (toff = milliseconds timescale), culminating in the growth of well-defined poly(glycidyl methacrylate) chains. Key attributes associated with this high selectivity pulsed plasmachemical functional thin film synthesis approach are the absence of the requirement for any additional chemicals (catalyst, solvent, etc.) in combination with very low power consumption (mW) and ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carletto
- Chemistry Department, Science Laboratories, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, England, UK.
| | - Jas Pal S Badyal
- Chemistry Department, Science Laboratories, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, England, UK.
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Wahono SK, Cavallaro A, Vasilev K, Mierczynska A. Plasma polymer facilitated magnetic technology for removal of oils from contaminated waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:725-732. [PMID: 29778058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oil pollution of waters is one of the most serious environmental problems globally. The long half-life and persistence within the environment makes oil particularly toxic and difficult to remediate. There is a significant need for efficient and cost-effective oil recovery technologies to be brought in to practice. In this study, we developed a facile and efficient magnetic separation method. The surface of 316L stainless steel nanoparticles was modified by plasma deposition of 1,7-octadiene and perfluorooctane, producing relatively hydrophobic coatings having water contact angles of 86 and 100°, respectively. Both coatings had high oil removal efficiency (ORE) of >99%. The captured oil could be easily separated by applying an external magnetic force. The ease of material preparation and separation from the water after the oil is captured, and its high ORE is a compelling argument for further development and optimization of the technology to possible utilization into practice. Furthermore, the capacity of plasma polymerization to deliver desired surface properties can extend the application of the technology to removing other chemical and biological contaminants from polluted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satriyo Krido Wahono
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia; School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia; Research Unit for Natural Product Technology, Indonesian Institutes of Sciences, Gunungkidul 55861, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alex Cavallaro
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia; School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Agnieszka Mierczynska
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond 5064, South Australia, Australia
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Kirby GT, Michelmore A, Smith LE, Whittle JD, Short RD. Cell sheets in cell therapies. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:169-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Reis R, Dumée LF, Tardy BL, Dagastine R, Orbell JD, Schutz JA, Duke MC. Towards Enhanced Performance Thin-film Composite Membranes via Surface Plasma Modification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29206. [PMID: 27363670 PMCID: PMC4929684 DOI: 10.1038/srep29206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing the design of thin-film composite membrane surfaces is one of the most promising pathways to deal with treating varying water qualities and increase their long-term stability and permeability. Although plasma technologies have been explored for surface modification of bulk micro and ultrafiltration membrane materials, the modification of thin film composite membranes is yet to be systematically investigated. Here, the performance of commercial thin-film composite desalination membranes has been significantly enhanced by rapid and facile, low pressure, argon plasma activation. Pressure driven water desalination tests showed that at low power density, flux was improved by 22% without compromising salt rejection. Various plasma durations and excitation powers have been systematically evaluated to assess the impact of plasma glow reactions on the physico-chemical properties of these materials associated with permeability. With increasing power density, plasma treatment enhanced the hydrophilicity of the surfaces, where water contact angles decreasing by 70% were strongly correlated with increased negative charge and smooth uniform surface morphology. These results highlight a versatile chemical modification technique for post-treatment of commercial membrane products that provides uniform morphology and chemically altered surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rackel Reis
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia 3030.,Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Waurn Ponds, Australia 3216
| | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Waurn Ponds, Australia 3216
| | - Blaise L Tardy
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, 3010
| | - Raymond Dagastine
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, 3010
| | - John D Orbell
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia 3030
| | | | - Mikel C Duke
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia 3030
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Saboohi S, Jasieniak M, Coad BR, Griesser HJ, Short RD, Michelmore A. Comparison of Plasma Polymerization under Collisional and Collision-Less Pressure Regimes. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15359-69. [PMID: 26567805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While plasma polymerization is used extensively to fabricate functionalized surfaces, the processes leading to plasma polymer growth are not yet completely understood. Thus, reproducing processes in different reactors has remained problematic, which hinders industrial uptake and research progress. Here we examine the crucial role pressure plays in the physical and chemical processes in the plasma phase, in interactions at surfaces in contact with the plasma phase, and how this affects the chemistry of the resulting plasma polymer films using ethanol as the gas precursor. Visual inspection of the plasma reveals a change from intense homogeneous plasma at low pressure to lower intensity bulk plasma at high pressure, but with increased intensity near the walls of the chamber. It is demonstrated that this occurs at the transition from a collision-less to a collisional plasma sheath, which in turn increases ion and energy flux to surfaces at constant RF power. Surface analysis of the resulting plasma polymer films show that increasing the pressure results in increased incorporation of oxygen and lower cross-linking, parameters which are critical to film performance. These results and insights help to explain the considerable differences in plasma polymer properties observed by different research groups using nominally similar processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Saboohi
- Mawson Institute, and ‡School of Engineering, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Australia 5095
| | - Marek Jasieniak
- Mawson Institute, and ‡School of Engineering, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Australia 5095
| | - Bryan R Coad
- Mawson Institute, and ‡School of Engineering, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Australia 5095
| | - Hans J Griesser
- Mawson Institute, and ‡School of Engineering, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Australia 5095
| | - Robert D Short
- Mawson Institute, and ‡School of Engineering, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Australia 5095
| | - Andrew Michelmore
- Mawson Institute, and ‡School of Engineering, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, Australia 5095
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Bazaka K, Jacob MV, Chrzanowski W, Ostrikov K. Anti-bacterial surfaces: natural agents, mechanisms of action, and plasma surface modification. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17244b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews antibacterial surface strategies based on reactive plasma chemistry, focusing on how plasma-assisted processing of natural antimicrobial agents can produce antifouling and antibacterial materials for biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bazaka
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - M. V. Jacob
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering
- James Cook University
- Townsville
- Australia
| | | | - K. Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
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Gross-Kosche P, Low SP, Guo R, Steele DA, Michelmore A. Deposition of nonfouling plasma polymers to a thermoplastic silicone elastomer for microfluidic and biomedical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Gross-Kosche
- School of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University; 72762 Reutlingen Germany
| | - Suet P. Low
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Adelaide Australia
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Pharmacy; Nottingham University, University Park; Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - David A. Steele
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Adelaide Australia
| | - Andrew Michelmore
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Adelaide Australia
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Michelmore A, Charles C, Boswell RW, Short RD, Whittle JD. Defining plasma polymerization: new insight into what we should be measuring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5387-5391. [PMID: 23758848 DOI: 10.1021/am401484b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
External parameters (RF power and precursor flow rate) are typically quoted to define plasma polymerization experiments. Utilizing a parallel-plate electrode reactor with variable geometry, it is shown that these parameters cannot be transferred to reactors with different geometries in order to reproduce plasma polymer films using four precursors. Measurements of ion flux and power coupling efficiency confirm that intrinsic plasma properties vary greatly with reactor geometry at constant applied RF power. It is further demonstrated that controlling intrinsic parameters, in this case the ion flux, offers a more widely applicable method of defining plasma polymerization processes, particularly for saturated and allylic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Michelmore
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, 5095, Adelaide, Australia.
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Vasudev MC, Anderson KD, Bunning TJ, Tsukruk VV, Naik RR. Exploration of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition as a method for thin-film fabrication with biological applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:3983-94. [PMID: 23668863 DOI: 10.1021/am302989x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been used historically for the fabrication of thin films composed of inorganic materials. But the advent of specialized techniques such as plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has extended this deposition technique to various monomers. More specifically, the deposition of polymers of responsive materials, biocompatible polymers, and biomaterials has made PECVD attractive for the integration of biotic and abiotic systems. This review focuses on the mechanisms of thin-film growth using low-pressure PECVD and current applications of classic PECVD thin films of organic and inorganic materials in biological environments. The last part of the review explores the novel application of low-pressure PECVD in the deposition of biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana C Vasudev
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
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Michelmore A, Gross-Kosche P, Al-Bataineh SA, Whittle JD, Short RD. On the effect of monomer chemistry on growth mechanisms of nonfouling PEG-like plasma polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2595-2601. [PMID: 23373619 DOI: 10.1021/la304713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that both ions and neutral species may contribute to plasma polymer growth. However, the relative contribution from these mechanisms remains unclear. We present data elucidating the importance of considering monomer structure with respect to which the growth mechanism dominates for nonfouling PEG-like plasma polymers. The deposition rate for saturated monomers is directly linked with ion flux to the substrate. For unsaturated monomers, the neutral flux also plays a role, particularly at low power. Increased fragmentation of the monomer at high power reduces the ability of unsaturated monomers to grow via neutral grafting. Chemical characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) confirm the role that plasma phase fragmentation plays in determining the deposition rate and surface chemistry of the deposited film. The simple experimental method used here may also be used to determine which mechanisms dominate plasma deposition for other monomers. This knowledge may enable significant improvement in future reactor design and process control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Michelmore
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia.
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Michelmore A, Steele DA, Whittle JD, Bradley JW, Short RD. Nanoscale deposition of chemically functionalised films via plasma polymerisation. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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