1
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Li X, Huang K. Arc plasma for high-efficiency ionization and scavenging of plasticizers in wrap films. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1716:464663. [PMID: 38262215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, ambient electric arc ionization mass spectrometry was used to examine 16 plasticizers in various wrap films, demonstrating high sensitivity (detection limit: <0.2 ng/mg) and precision (intra-/inter-day precision: <12 %). The ease of operation helps in the identification of wrap film and plasticizer analysis. In addition, the introduction of a cold arc plasma treatment presents a practical and innovative method for effectively eliminating plasticizers. This innovative strategy has implications for both environmental protection and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yijun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kaineng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, Sichuan, PR China
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2
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Masse M, Jimenez M, Genay S, Pettinari A, Bellayer S, Barthélémy C, Décaudin B, Blanchemain N, Odou P. Limitation of the migration of plasticizers from medical devices through treatment with low-pressure cold plasma, polydopamine coating, and annealing. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123422. [PMID: 37722492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is widely used in the manufacture of medical devices. The plasticizers added to PVC are potentially toxic for humans, likely to migrate, and thus unintentionally administered to patients. The objective of the present study was to reduce the migration of plasticizer (1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, diisononylester (DINCH) or trioctyltrimellitate (TOTM)) from PVC by implementing a three-step surface treatment process: (i) pretreatment with low-pressure argon cold plasma, (ii) polydopamine coating, and (iii) post-treatment with cold plasma exposure or thermal treatment at 140 °C. Samples were then characterized in terms of the water contact angle (WCA) and the aspect in scanning electron microscopy. Plasticizer migration (n = 5) was measured using an HPLC technique with ultraviolet detection and found to depend on the treatment and the plasticizer. Plasticized PVC was hydrophobic, with a measured mean ± standard deviation WCA of 96.7 ± 3.6° for PVC-DINCH and 110.2 ± 5.8° for PVC-TOTM. Plasma post-treatment and thermal post-treatment were respectively associated with a mean decrease in migration of 38.3 ± 1.9% for DINCH and 61.5 ± 4.4% for TOTM. Our results are promising with regard to limiting the migration of plasticizers into the patient's blood and thus enabling the development of safer medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Masse
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Maude Jimenez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL UMR8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Genay
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alice Pettinari
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Séverine Bellayer
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL UMR8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christine Barthélémy
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Décaudin
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchemain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Odou
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
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3
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Daescu M, Chivu M, Matei E, Negrila C, Cramariuc O, Baibarac M. Photocatalytic Activity of the Blends Based on TiO 2 Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide for Degradation of Acetaminophen. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114546. [PMID: 37299022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to highlight the influence of blends based on TiO2 nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on the photodegradation of acetaminophen (AC). To this end, the catalysts of TiO2/RGO blends with RGO sheet concentrations equal 5, 10, and 20 wt. % were prepared by the solid-state interaction of the two constituents. The preferential adsorption of TiO2 particles onto the RGO sheets' surfaces via the water molecules on the TiO2 particle surface was demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy. This adsorption process induced an increase in the disordered state of the RGO sheets in the presence of the TiO2 particles, as highlighted by Raman scattering and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The novelty of this work lies in the demonstration that TiO2/RGO mixtures, obtained by the solid-phase interaction of the two constituents, allow an acetaminophen removal of up to 95.18% after 100 min of UV irradiation. This TiO2/RGO catalyst induced a higher photodegradation efficiency of AC than TiO2 due to the presence of RGO sheets, which acted as a capture agent for the photogenerated electrons of TiO2, hindering the electron-hole recombination. The reaction kinetics of AC aqueous solutions containing TiO2/RGO blends followed a complex first-order kinetic model. Another novelty of this work is the demonstration of the ability of PVC membranes modified with Au nanoparticles to act both as filters for the removal of TiO2/RGO blends after AC photodegradation and as potential SERS supports, which illustrate the vibrational properties of the reused catalyst. The reuse of the TiO2/RGO blends after the first cycle of AC photodegradation indicated their suitable stability during the five cycles of pharmaceutical compound photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Daescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street 405A, POB MG 7, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Str., Sector 1, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Chivu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street 405A, POB MG 7, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Matei
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street 405A, POB MG 7, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Negrila
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street 405A, POB MG 7, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Cramariuc
- IT Centre for Science and Technology, 25 no. Av. Radu Beller Str., 011702 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baibarac
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street 405A, POB MG 7, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Spheres Coated with Graphene Oxide Sheets: From Synthesis to Optical Properties and Their Applications as Flame-Retardant Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040565. [PMID: 33672830 PMCID: PMC7917685 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A new method to obtain poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) spheres, which consists of an interaction between commercial PVC grains and hexyl ethyl cellulose and lauroyl peroxide at a temperature of 60 °C, is reported. The addition of the graphene oxide (GO) sheets dispersed in dimethylformamide to the reaction mixture leads to the generation of composites made of PVC spheres coated with GO sheets. Scanning electron microscopy studies have demonstrated that this method allows for the transformation of PVC grains with sizes between 75 and 227 μm into spheres with sizes varying from 0.7 to 3.5 μm when the GO concentration in the PVC/GO composite mass increases from 0.5 to 5 wt.%. Our studies of Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy highlight a series of changes that indicate the appearance of ClCH=CH–, CH2=CCl–, and/or –CH=CCl– units as a result of PVC partial dehydrogenation. New –COO– and C–OH bonds on the GO sheet surfaces are induced during the preparation of PVC spheres coated with GO sheets. A photoluminescence (PL) band with a maximum at 325 nm is reported to characterize the PVC spheres. A PVC PL quenching process is demonstrated to be induced by the increase in the concentration of the GO sheets in the PVC/GO composite mass. The perspectives regarding the use of this composite as a flame-retardant material are also reported.
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5
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Ma Y, Liao S, Li Q, Guan Q, Jia P, Zhou Y. Physical and chemical modifications of poly(vinyl chloride) materials to prevent plasticizer migration - Still on the run. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Zhang C. Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy for Characterization of Buried Polymer Interfaces. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1717-1749. [PMID: 28537432 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817708321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) has become one of the most appealing technologies to characterize molecular structures at interfaces. In this focal point review, we focus on SFG-VS studies at buried polymer interfaces and review many of the recent publications in the field. We also cover the essential theoretical background of SFG-VS and discuss the experimental implementation of SFG-VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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7
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Lu X, Zhang C, Ulrich N, Xiao M, Ma YH, Chen Z. Studying Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces with Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2016; 89:466-489. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nathan Ulrich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Minyu Xiao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yong-Hao Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Hankett JM, Collin WR, Yang P, Chen Z, Duhaime M. Low-Volatility Model Demonstrates Humidity Affects Environmental Toxin Deposition on Plastics at a Molecular Level. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1304-1312. [PMID: 26752114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ever-increasing prevalence of plastic debris and endocrine disrupting toxins in aquatic ecosystems, few studies describe their interactions in freshwater environments. We present a model system to investigate the deposition/desorption behaviors of low-volatility lake ecosystem toxins on microplastics in situ and in real time. Molecular interactions of gas-phase nonylphenols (NPs) with the surfaces of two common plastics, poly(styrene) and poly(ethylene terephthalate), were studied using quartz crystal microbalance and sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. NP point sources were generated under two model environments: plastic on land and plastic on a freshwater surface. We found the headspace above calm water provides an excellent environment for NP deposition and demonstrate significant NP deposition on plastic within minutes at relevant concentrations. Further, NP deposits and orders differently on both plastics under humid versus dry environments. We attributed the unique deposition behaviors to surface energy changes from increased water content during the humid deposition. Lastly, nanograms of NP remained on microplastic surfaces hours after initial NP introduction and agitating conditions, illustrating feasibility for plastic-bound NPs to interact with biota and surrounding matter. Our model studies reveal important interactions between low-volatility environmental toxins and microplastics and hold potential to correlate the environmental fate of endocrine disrupting toxins in the Great Lakes with molecular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Hankett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - William R Collin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Melissa Duhaime
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan , 830 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
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9
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Zhang X, Li Y, Hankett JM, Chen Z. The molecular interfacial structure and plasticizer migration behavior of “green” plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4472-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both oxygen and argon plasma treatment made TBAC–PVC surfaces hydrophilic, but that of argon enhanced the migration of TBAC to water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Yaoxin Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | | | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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10
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Zhang X, Chen Z. Observing phthalate leaching from plasticized polymer films at the molecular level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4933-4944. [PMID: 24725143 DOI: 10.1021/la500476u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, the most widely used plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), have been extensively studied. In this paper, a highly sensitive, easy, and effective method was developed to examine short-term phthalate leaching from PVC/phthalate films at the molecular level using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG). Combining SFG and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface and bulk molecular structures of PVC/phthalate films were also comprehensively evaluated during the phthalate leaching process under various environments. The leaching processes of two phthalates, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), from the PVC/phthalate films with various weight ratios were studied. Oxygen plasma was applied to treat the PVC/phthalate film surfaces to verify its efficacy on preventing/reducing phthalate leaching from PVC. Our results show that DBP is more stable than DEP in PVC/phthalate films. Even so, DBP molecules were still found to very slowly leach to the environment from PVC at 30 °C, at a rate much slower than DEP. Also, the bulk DBP content substantially influences the DBP leaching. Higher DBP bulk concentration yields less stable DBP molecules in the PVC matrix, allowing molecules to leach from the polymer film more easily. Additionally, DBP leaching is very sensitive to temperature changes; higher temperature can strongly enhance the leaching process. For most cases, the oxygen plasma treatment can effectively prevent phthalate leaching from PVC films (e.g., for samples with low bulk concentrations of DBP-5 and 30 wt %). It is also capable of reducing phthalate leaching from high DBP bulk concentration PVC samples (e.g., 70 wt % DBP in PVC/DBP mixture). This research develops a highly sensitive method to detect chemicals at the molecular level as well as provides surface and bulk molecular structural changes. The method developed here is general and can be applied to detect small amounts of chemical/biological environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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Liu Z, Yang Z, Peng B, Cao C, Zhang C, You H, Xiong Q, Li Z, Fang J. Highly sensitive, uniform, and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy from hollow Au-Ag alloy nanourchins. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2431-9. [PMID: 24449036 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchical nanoparticle strategy to simultaneously gain super Raman signal amplification, high uniformity, and reproducibility is presented. Using hollow Au-Ag alloy nanourchins, an ultrahigh sensitivity, e.g., down to 1 fM concentrations for DEHP molecule is obtained. A small standard deviation of <10% is achieved by simply dropping and evaporating sub-100 nm nanourchins onto a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shann Xi, 710049, P. R. China
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12
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Hankett JM, Welle A, Lahann J, Chen Z. Evaluating UV/H2O2exposure as a DEHP degradation treatment for plasticized PVC. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Hankett
- Department of Chemistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Alexander Welle
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
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13
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Hankett JM, Collin WR, Chen Z. Molecular Structural Changes of Plasticized PVC after UV Light Exposure. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:16336-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp409254y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Hankett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - William R. Collin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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14
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Zhang X, Zhang C, Hankett JM, Chen Z. Molecular surface structural changes of plasticized PVC materials after plasma treatment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4008-4018. [PMID: 23445444 DOI: 10.1021/la4000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a variety of analytical techniques including sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been employed to investigate the surface and bulk structures of phthalate plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) at the molecular level. Two types of phthalate molecules with different chain lengths, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), mixed with PVC in various weight ratios were examined to verify their different surface and bulk behaviors. The effects of oxygen and argon plasma treatment on PVC/DBP and PVC/DEP hybrid films were investigated on both the surface and bulk of films using SFG and CARS to evaluate the different plasticizer migration processes. Without plasma treatment, SFG results indicated that more plasticizers segregate to the surface at higher plasticizer bulk concentrations. SFG studies also demonstrated the presence of phthalates on the surface even at very low bulk concentration (5 wt %). Additionally, the results gathered from SFG, CARS, and XPS experiments suggested that the PVC/DEP system was unstable, and DEP molecules could leach out from the PVC under low vacuum after several minutes. In contrast, the PVC/DBP system was more stable; the migration process of DBP out of PVC could be effectively suppressed after oxygen plasma treatment. XPS results indicated the increase of C═O/C-O groups and decrease of C-Cl functionalities on the polymer surface after oxygen plasma treatment. The XPS results also suggested that exposure to argon plasma induced chemical bond breaking and formation of cross-linking or unsaturated groups with chain scission on the surface. Finally, our results indicate the potential risk of using DEP molecules in PVC since DEP can easily leach out from the polymeric bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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15
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Li B, Zhou J, Xu X, Yu J, Shao W, Fang Y, Lu X. Solvent quality affects chain conformational order at the polymer surface revealed by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Zhang C, Chen Z. Quantitative molecular level understanding of ethoxysilane at poly(dimethylsiloxane)/polymer interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:610-619. [PMID: 23241016 DOI: 10.1021/la3041727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Because of the wide applications of silicone adhesives, it is important to study adhesion mechanisms of silicone elastomers to polymers. Adhesion properties are believed to be directly related to the molecular structures at the adhesive/substrate interfaces. To improve adhesion, adhesion promoters such as silanes are commonly used to modify the interfacial structures. It is difficult to study buried interfacial molecular structures between two materials in situ using conventional analytical techniques. In this study, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was used to investigate molecular structures at buried silicone/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) interfaces. Environmental-friendly epoxysilanes including (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxysilane (γ-GPES), (3-glycidoxypropyl)methyldiethoxysilane (γ-GPDES), and (3-glycidoxypropyl)dimethylethoxysilane (γ-GPDMES) and their mixtures with methylvinylsiloxanol (MVS) were used as adhesion promoters to modify silicone adhesion properties to PET. Various PET/silane, PET/uncured silicone, and PET/cured silicone interfaces were examined. The interfacial structures deduced from SFG spectra were correlated to adhesion testing results. It was found that silane headgroup order at the polymer interfaces is an important factor for improving adhesion. The decrease of silane headgroup order due to chemical reaction and disordering of such groups at the polymer interfaces can be associated with improved adhesion. The molecular level understanding on polymer/adhesive interfacial structures helps to design and develop adhesion promoters and polymer adhesives with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Zhang C, Myers J, Chen Z. Elucidation of molecular structures at buried polymer interfaces and biological interfaces using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:4738-4761. [PMID: 23710244 PMCID: PMC3661304 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm27710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been developed into an important technique to study surfaces and interfaces. It can probe buried interfaces in situ and provide molecular level structural information such as the presence of various chemical moieties, quantitative molecular functional group orientation, and time dependent kinetics or dynamics at such interfaces. This paper focuses on these three most important advantages of SFG and reviews some of the recent progress in SFG studies on interfaces related to polymer materials and biomolecules. The results discussed here demonstrate that SFG can provide important molecular structural information of buried interfaces in situ and in real time, which is difficult to obtain by other surface sensitive analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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