1
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Masse M, Jimenez M, Genay S, Pettinari A, Bellayer S, Barthélémy C, Décaudin B, Blanchemain N, Odou P. Limitation of the migration of plasticizers from medical devices through treatment with low-pressure cold plasma, polydopamine coating, and annealing. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123422. [PMID: 37722492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is widely used in the manufacture of medical devices. The plasticizers added to PVC are potentially toxic for humans, likely to migrate, and thus unintentionally administered to patients. The objective of the present study was to reduce the migration of plasticizer (1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, diisononylester (DINCH) or trioctyltrimellitate (TOTM)) from PVC by implementing a three-step surface treatment process: (i) pretreatment with low-pressure argon cold plasma, (ii) polydopamine coating, and (iii) post-treatment with cold plasma exposure or thermal treatment at 140 °C. Samples were then characterized in terms of the water contact angle (WCA) and the aspect in scanning electron microscopy. Plasticizer migration (n = 5) was measured using an HPLC technique with ultraviolet detection and found to depend on the treatment and the plasticizer. Plasticized PVC was hydrophobic, with a measured mean ± standard deviation WCA of 96.7 ± 3.6° for PVC-DINCH and 110.2 ± 5.8° for PVC-TOTM. Plasma post-treatment and thermal post-treatment were respectively associated with a mean decrease in migration of 38.3 ± 1.9% for DINCH and 61.5 ± 4.4% for TOTM. Our results are promising with regard to limiting the migration of plasticizers into the patient's blood and thus enabling the development of safer medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Masse
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Maude Jimenez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL UMR8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Genay
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alice Pettinari
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Séverine Bellayer
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL UMR8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christine Barthélémy
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Décaudin
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchemain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Odou
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
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Geoffroy L, Davesne AL, Bellayer S, Blanchard F, Richard E, Samyn F, Jimenez M, Bourbigot S. 3D printed sandwich materials filled with hydrogels for extremely low heat release rate. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Blanpain-Avet P, André C, Azevedo-Scudeller L, Croguennec T, Jimenez M, Bellayer S, Six T, Martins G, Delaplace G. Effect of the phosphate/calcium molar ratio on fouling deposits generated by the processing of a whey protein isolate in a plate heat exchanger. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Louisy E, Bellayer S, Fontaine G, Rozes L, Bonnet F. Novel hybrid poly(l-lactic acid) from titanium oxo-cluster via reactive extrusion polymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Zouaghi S, Bellayer S, Thomy V, Dargent T, Coffinier Y, Andre C, Delaplace G, Jimenez M. Biomimetic surface modifications of stainless steel targeting dairy fouling mitigation and bacterial adhesion. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Zouaghi S, Abdallah M, André C, Chihib N, Bellayer S, Delaplace G, Celzard A, Jimenez M. Graphite-based composites for whey protein fouling and bacterial adhesion management. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Okyay G, Bellayer S, Samyn F, Jimenez M, Bourbigot S. Characterization of in-flame soot from balsa composite combustion during mass loss cone calorimeter tests. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zouaghi S, Barry ME, Bellayer S, Lyskawa J, André C, Delaplace G, Grunlan MA, Jimenez M. Antifouling amphiphilic silicone coatings for dairy fouling mitigation on stainless steel. Biofouling 2018; 34:769-783. [PMID: 30332896 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1502275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pasteurization of dairy products is plagued by fouling, which induces significant economic, environmental and microbiological safety concerns. Herein, an amphiphilic silicone coating was evaluated for its efficacy against fouling by a model dairy fluid in a pilot pasteurizer and against foodborne bacterial adhesion. The coating was formed by modifying an RTV silicone with a PEO-silane amphiphile comprised of a PEO segment and flexible siloxane tether ([(EtO)3Si-(CH2)2-oligodimethylsiloxanem-block-(OCH2CH2)n-OCH3]). Contact angle analysis of the coating revealed that the PEO segments were able to migrate to the aqueous interface. The PEO-modified silicone coating applied to pretreated stainless steel was exceptionally resistant to fouling. After five cycles of pasteurization, these coated substrata were subjected to a standard clean-in-place process and exhibited a minor reduction in fouling resistance in subsequent tests. However, the lack of fouling prior to cleaning indicates that harsh cleaning is not necessary. PEO-modified silicone coatings also showed exceptional resistance to adhesion by foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsen Zouaghi
- a UMET (Unité Matériaux et Transformations) , Université de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Mikayla E Barry
- b Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Séverine Bellayer
- a UMET (Unité Matériaux et Transformations) , Université de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Joël Lyskawa
- a UMET (Unité Matériaux et Transformations) , Université de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Christophe André
- a UMET (Unité Matériaux et Transformations) , Université de Lille , Lille , France
- c Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur , Lille , France
| | - Guillaume Delaplace
- a UMET (Unité Matériaux et Transformations) , Université de Lille , Lille , France
- d INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- b Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Maude Jimenez
- a UMET (Unité Matériaux et Transformations) , Université de Lille , Lille , France
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Naik AD, Bourbigot S, Bellayer S, Touati N, Ben Tayeb K, Vezin H, Fontaine G. Salen Complexes as Fire Protective Agents for Thermoplastic Polyurethane: Deep Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Investigation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:24860-24875. [PMID: 29957994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of copper complexes of salen-based Schiff bases N, N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (C1), N, N'-bis(4-hydroxysalicylidene)ethylenediamine (C2), and N, N'-bis(5-hydroxysalicylidene)ethylenediamine (C3) to the flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is investigated in the context of minimizing the inherent flammability of TPU. Thermal and fire properties of TPU are evaluated. It is observed that fire performances vary depending upon the substitution of the salen framework. Cone calorimetry [mass loss calorimetry (MLC)] results show that, in TPU at 10 wt % loading, C2 and C3 reduce the peak of heat release rate by 46 and 50%, respectively. At high temperature, these copper complexes undergo polycondensation leading to resorcinol-type resin in the condensed phase and thus acting as intumescence reinforcing agents. C3 in TPU is particularly interesting because it delays significantly the time to ignition (MLC experiment). In addition, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry shows reduction in the heat release rate curve, suggesting its involvement in gas-phase action. Structural changes of copper complexes and radical formation during thermal treatment as well as their influence on fire retardancy of TPU in the condensed phase are investigated by spectroscopic studies supported by microscopic and powder diffraction studies. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was fully used to follow the redox changes of Cu(II) ions as well as radical formation of copper complexes/TPU formulations in their degradation pathways. Pulsed EPR technique of hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy reveals evolution of the local surrounding of copper and radicals with a strong contribution of nitrogen fragments in the degradation products. Further, the spin state of radicals was investigated by the two-dimensional technique of phase-inverted echo-amplitude detected nutation experiment. Two different radicals were detected, that is, one monocarbon radical and an oxygen biradical. Thus, the EPR study permits to deeply investigate the mode of action of copper salen complexes in TPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil D Naik
- Univ. Lille, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Serge Bourbigot
- Univ. Lille, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Séverine Bellayer
- Univ. Lille, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Nadia Touati
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516-LASIR-Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex , France
| | - Karima Ben Tayeb
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516-LASIR-Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex , France
| | - Hervé Vezin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516-LASIR-Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex , France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- Univ. Lille, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
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10
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Hansupo N, Tricot G, Bellayer S, Roussel P, Samyn F, Duquesne S, Jimenez M, Hollman M, Catala P, Bourbigot S. Getting a better insight into the chemistry of decomposition of complex flame retarded formulation: New insights using solid state NMR. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Khaldi M, Croguennec T, André C, Ronse G, Jimenez M, Bellayer S, Blanpain-Avet P, Bouvier L, Six T, Bornaz S, Jeantet R, Delaplace G. Effect of the calcium/protein molar ratio on β-lactoglobulin denaturation kinetics and fouling phenomena. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Souada M, Louage C, Doisy JY, Meunier L, Benderrag A, Ouddane B, Bellayer S, Nuns N, Traisnel M, Maschke U. Extraction of indium-tin oxide from end-of-life LCD panels using ultrasound assisted acid leaching. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 40:929-936. [PMID: 28946505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this report, indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-layer extraction from end-of-life (EOL) Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) was discussed by sulfuric acid leaching with simultaneous application of ultrasonication on the ITO-side of glass/ITO panels, exhibiting various dimensions. Applying this technique presents several advantages compared to the traditional leaching process such as fast and controllable kinetics, high extraction yield of indium and tin, selective recovery of these two metals possible, and the opportunity to recycle the neat glass separately avoiding additional separation processes. ITO-dissolution kinetics from EOL LCD panels were investigated as function of leaching time and acidity of sulfuric acid. At a temperature of 60°C, a nearly quantitative indium yield was obtained using an acid concentration of 18mol/L by simultaneous application of ultrasonication, whereas only 70% were recovered in the absence of ultrasound. Results from ICP-AES agreed well with SEM/BSE observations demonstrating the high efficiency of the ultrasound assisted process since only 3-4min were required to obtain maximum ITO recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Souada
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Louage
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Doisy
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Ludivine Meunier
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Abdelkader Benderrag
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman - LASIR (UMR CNRS N°8516), Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Bellayer
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Nuns
- Pôle Régional d'Analyse de Surface - Institut Michel Eugène Chevreul (FR CNRS N°2638), Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Michel Traisnel
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Ulrich Maschke
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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Zouaghi S, Six T, Bellayer S, Moradi S, Hatzikiriakos SG, Dargent T, Thomy V, Coffinier Y, André C, Delaplace G, Jimenez M. Antifouling Biomimetic Liquid-Infused Stainless Steel: Application to Dairy Industrial Processing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:26565-26573. [PMID: 28715202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fouling is a widespread and costly issue, faced by all food-processing industries. Particularly, in the dairy sector, where thermal treatments are mandatory to ensure product safety, heat-induced fouling represents up to 80% of the total production costs. Significant environmental impacts, due the massive consumption of water and energy, are also to deplore. Fouling control solutions are thus desperately needed, as they would lead to substantial financial gains as well as tremendous progress toward eco-responsible processes. This work aims at presenting a novel and very promising dairy fouling-mitigation strategy, inspired by nature, and to test its antifouling performances in real industrial conditions. Slippery liquid-infused surfaces were successfully designed directly on food grade stainless steel, via femtosecond laser ablation, followed by fluorosilanization and impregnation with an inert perfluorinated oil. Resulting hydrophobic surfaces (water contact angle of 112°) exhibited an extremely slippery nature (contact angle hysteresis of 0.6°). Outstanding fouling-release performances were obtained for these liquid-infused surfaces as absolutely no trace of dairy deposit was found after 90 min of pasteurization test in pilot-scale equipment followed by a short water rinse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sona Moradi
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Savvas G Hatzikiriakos
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC Canada
| | | | | | | | - Christophe André
- INRA, F-59000 Lille, France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur, F-59000 Lille, France
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Lesaffre N, Bellayer S, Vezin H, Fontaine G, Jimenez M, Bourbigot S. Recent advances on the ageing of flame retarded PLA: Effect of UV-light and/or relative humidity. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Beaugendre A, Saidi S, Degoutin S, Bellayer S, Pierlot C, Duquesne S, Casetta M, Jimenez M. One pot flame retardant and weathering resistant coatings for plastics: a novel approach. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first epoxy/fluoropolymer/iron oxide self-stratified coatings (thickness < 100 μm) with outstanding fireproofing performances were designed for polycarbonate substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Beaugendre
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS, UMR 8207
- UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations
- F 59000 Lille
- France
| | - S. Saidi
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS, UMR 8207
- UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations
- F 59000 Lille
- France
| | - S. Degoutin
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS, UMR 8207
- UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations
- F 59000 Lille
- France
| | - S. Bellayer
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS, UMR 8207
- UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations
- F 59000 Lille
- France
| | - C. Pierlot
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS, UMR 8181
- EA CMF-4478/Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide
- F 59000 Lille
- France
| | - S. Duquesne
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS, UMR 8207
- UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations
- F 59000 Lille
- France
| | - M. Casetta
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS, UMR 8207
- UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations
- F 59000 Lille
- France
| | - M. Jimenez
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS, UMR 8207
- UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations
- F 59000 Lille
- France
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16
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Prieur B, Meub M, Wittemann M, Klein R, Bellayer S, Fontaine G, Bourbigot S. Phosphorylation of lignin: characterization and investigation of the thermal decomposition. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00295e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant polyphenol biopolymeric material chemically functionalisable to act as flame retardant in polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Prieur
- R2Fire group/UMET – UMR CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - M. Meub
- Group for Design of Interfaces
- Division Plastics
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF
- Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - M. Wittemann
- Group for Design of Interfaces
- Division Plastics
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF
- Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - R. Klein
- Group for Design of Interfaces
- Division Plastics
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF
- Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - S. Bellayer
- R2Fire group/UMET – UMR CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - G. Fontaine
- R2Fire group/UMET – UMR CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - S. Bourbigot
- R2Fire group/UMET – UMR CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
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Abstract
Untreated flexible polyurethane foams used in upholstered products are prone to rapid fire growth. Sol–gel process was evaluated to flame retard it. A successful intumescent formulation gave 60% reduction of the peak of heat release rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bellayer
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET)
- Team Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP)
- R2Fire Group
- CNRS-UMR 8207
- ENSCL
| | - M. Jimenez
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET)
- Team Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP)
- R2Fire Group
- CNRS-UMR 8207
- ENSCL
| | - S. Barrau
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET)
- Team Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP)
- Mechanic of Complex Macromolecular Systems Group
- CNRS-UMR 8207
- ENSCL
| | - S. Bourbigot
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET)
- Team Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP)
- R2Fire Group
- CNRS-UMR 8207
- ENSCL
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Naik AD, Fontaine G, Bellayer S, Bourbigot S. Crossing the Traditional Boundaries: Salen-Based Schiff Bases for Thermal Protective Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:21208-21217. [PMID: 26348914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A broad spectrum of applications of "Salen"-based Schiff bases tagged them as versatile multifunctional materials. However, their applicability is often bounded by a temperature threshold and, thus, they have rarely been used for high temperature applications. Our investigation of a classical Schiff base, N,N'-bis(4-hydroxysalicylidene)ethylenediamine (L2), reveals that it displays an intriguingly combative response to an elevated temperature/fire scenario. L2 resists and regulates thermal degradation by forming an ablative surface, and acts as a thermal shield. A polycondensation via covalent cross-linking, which forms a hyperbranched cross-linked resin is found to constitute the origin of the ablative surface. This is a unique example of a resin formation produced with a Schiff base, that mimicks the operational strategy of a high-heat resistant phenolic resin. Further applicability of L2, as a flame retardant, was tested in an engineering polymer, polyamide-6. It was found that it reinforces the polymer against fire risks by the formation of an intumescent coating. This paves the way for a new strategic avenue in safeguarding polymeric materials toward fire risks. Further, this material represents a promising start for thermal protective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil D Naik
- ISP/UMET-UMR/CNRS 8207, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL) , Avenue Dimitri Mendeleïev-Bât. C7a, BP 90108, 59652, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- ISP/UMET-UMR/CNRS 8207, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL) , Avenue Dimitri Mendeleïev-Bât. C7a, BP 90108, 59652, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Bellayer
- ISP/UMET-UMR/CNRS 8207, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL) , Avenue Dimitri Mendeleïev-Bât. C7a, BP 90108, 59652, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Serge Bourbigot
- ISP/UMET-UMR/CNRS 8207, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL) , Avenue Dimitri Mendeleïev-Bât. C7a, BP 90108, 59652, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Bellayer S, Jimenez M, Gardelle B, Delaplace G, Bouquerel J, Duquesne S, Bourbigot S. The electron microanalyzer (EPMA): a powerful device for the microanalysis of filled polymeric materials. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bellayer
- Service Microsonde, ENSCL; Université Lille Nord de France; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex France
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations; Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères, CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex France
| | - M. Jimenez
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations; Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères, CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex France
| | - B. Gardelle
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations; Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères, CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex France
| | - G. Delaplace
- INRA, PIHM-UR638 (Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux); BP 20039 59651 F Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex France
| | - J. Bouquerel
- UMET-UMR CNRS 8207; team Métallurgie Physique et Génie des Matériaux Université Lille1; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - S. Duquesne
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations; Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères, CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex France
| | - S. Bourbigot
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations; Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères, CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex France
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Jimenez M, Lesaffre N, Bellayer S, Dupretz R, Vandenbossche M, Duquesne S, Bourbigot S. Novel flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam: plasma induced graft-polymerization of phosphonates. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foams has become an issue due to very severe regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Jimenez
- UMET-ISP-R2FIRE
- UMR 8207
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex
- France
| | | | | | - Renaud Dupretz
- UMET-ISP-R2FIRE
- UMR 8207
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex
- France
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Naik AD, Fontaine G, Bellayer S, Bourbigot S. Salen based Schiff bases to flame retard thermoplastic polyurethane mimicking operational strategies of thermosetting resin. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resorcinol based Salen framework as a non-phosphorus and non-halogen fire retardant additive for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil D. Naik
- ISP/UMET – UMR/CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- ISP/UMET – UMR/CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - Séverine Bellayer
- ISP/UMET – UMR/CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - Serge Bourbigot
- ISP/UMET – UMR/CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
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Vandenbossche M, Casetta M, Jimenez M, Bellayer S, Traisnel M. Cysteine-grafted nonwoven geotextile: a new and efficient material for heavy metals sorption--part A. J Environ Manage 2014; 132:107-112. [PMID: 24291583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is an interesting biomolecule in the heavy metals trapping field, thanks to its amino, thiol and carboxylic groups. This amino acid is indeed present in some natural chelating agents: glutathione, phytochelatins and metallothioneins. However, cysteine has never been used in remediation processes. When immobilized on a polypropylene nonwoven (PP) geotextile, an innovative and eco-friendly material is obtained, with potential use in drainage and filtration of wastewaters and sediments. PP was first functionalized with acrylic acid using a low pressure cold plasma process to bring reactive carboxylic functions onto the surface (PP-g-AA). Cysteine was then covalently grafted on this modified PP. The cysteine grafting on PP-g-AA was optimized using response surface methodology, which allowed concluding that the best conditions of immersion without heating consist in: a solution containing 0.229 mol/L of cysteine for 28 h. The materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, InfraRed Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: evidence of covalent cysteine grafting was given. Preliminary sorption tests at 20 °C and pH = 4.5 with artificially polluted solutions give promising results for divalent heavy metal ions: 95 mg Cu (II) (CuSO4 solution), 104 mg Cu (II) and 135 mg Pb(II) (with NO3(-) counter-ion) per gram of PP are trapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vandenbossche
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - M Casetta
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | - M Jimenez
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - S Bellayer
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France; Service Microsonde Electronique, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - M Traisnel
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Naik AD, Fontaine G, Samyn F, Delva X, Louisy J, Bellayer S, Bourgeois Y, Bourbigot S. Mapping the multimodal action of melamine-poly(aluminium phosphate) in the flame retardancy of polyamide 66. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimodal action and synergism of melamine poly(aluminum phosphate) in the flame retardancy of polyamide 66.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil D. Naik
- ISP/UMET – UMR/CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- ISP/UMET – UMR/CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Fabienne Samyn
- ISP/UMET – UMR/CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Séverine Bellayer
- ISP/UMET – UMR/CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | | | - Serge Bourbigot
- ISP/UMET – UMR/CNRS 8207
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Gardelle B, Duquesne S, Vandereecken P, Bellayer S, Bourbigot S. Resistance to fire of curable silicone/expandable graphite based coating: Effect of the catalyst. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jimenez M, Delaplace G, Nuns N, Bellayer S, Deresmes D, Ronse G, Alogaili G, Collinet-Fressancourt M, Traisnel M. Toward the understanding of the interfacial dairy fouling deposition and growth mechanisms at a stainless steel surface: a multiscale approach. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 404:192-200. [PMID: 23684222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The microstructures of two dairy fouling deposits obtained at a stainless steel surface after different processing times in a pilot plate heat exchanger were investigated at different scales. Electron-Probe Micro Analysis, Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Atomic Force Microscopy, and X-Ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy techniques were used for this purpose. The two model fouling solutions were made by rehydrating whey protein in water containing calcium or not. Results on samples collected after 2h processing show that the microstructure of the fouling layers is completely different depending on calcium content: the layer is thin, smooth, and homogeneous in absence of calcium and on the contrary very thick and rough in presence of calcium. Analyses on substrates submitted to 1 min fouling reveal that fouling mechanisms are initiated by the deposit of unfolded proteins on the substrate and start immediately till the first seconds of exposure with no lag time. In presence of calcium, amorphous calcium carbonate nuclei are detected in addition to unfolded proteins at the interface, and it is shown that the protein precedes the deposit of calcium on the substrate. Moreover, it is evidenced that amorphous calcium carbonate particles are stabilized by the unfolded protein. They are thus more easily trapped in the steel roughnesses and contribute to accelerate the deposit buildup, offering due to their larger characteristic dimension more roughness and favorable conditions for the subsequent unfolded protein to depose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jimenez
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), équipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 F-Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
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Jimenez M, Bellayer S, Revel B, Duquesne S, Bourbigot S. Comprehensive Study of the Influence of Different Aging Scenarios on the Fire Protective Behavior of an Epoxy Based Intumescent Coating. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302137g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jimenez
- Unité des Matériaux
et Transformations, équipe Ingénierie des Systèmes
Polymères, CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq
cedex, France
| | - S. Bellayer
- Service microsonde
électronique,
ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | - B. Revel
- Centre commun de mesures RMN,
Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Université Lille Nord de France, 59562 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - S. Duquesne
- Unité des Matériaux
et Transformations, équipe Ingénierie des Systèmes
Polymères, CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq
cedex, France
| | - S. Bourbigot
- Unité des Matériaux
et Transformations, équipe Ingénierie des Systèmes
Polymères, CNRS-UMR 8207, ENSCL, Université Lille Nord de France, 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq
cedex, France
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Degoutin S, Jimenez M, Casetta M, Bellayer S, Chai F, Blanchemain N, Neut C, Kacem I, Traisnel M, Martel B. Anticoagulant and antimicrobial finishing of non-woven polypropylene textiles. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:035001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/3/035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bourbigot S, Fontaine G, Gallos A, Bellayer S. Reactive extrusion of PLA and of PLA/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite: processing, characterization and flame retardancy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bellayer S, Tavard E, Duquesne S, Piechaczyk A, Bourbigot S. Mechanism of intumescence of a polyethylene/calcium carbonate/stearic acid system. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lunstroot K, Driesen K, Nockemann P, Van Hecke K, Van Meervelt L, Görller-Walrand C, Binnemans K, Bellayer S, Viau L, Le Bideau J, Vioux A. Lanthanide-doped luminescent ionogels. Dalton Trans 2009:298-306. [PMID: 19089011 DOI: 10.1039/b812292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Lunstroot
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F-bus 2404, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Bellayer S, Viau L, Tebby Z, Toupance T, Bideau JL, Vioux A. Immobilization of ionic liquids in translucent tin dioxide monoliths by sol–gel processing. Dalton Trans 2009:1307-13. [DOI: 10.1039/b814978j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Samyn F, Bourbigot S, Jama C, Bellayer S, Nazare S, Hull R, Fina A, Castrovinci A, Camino G. Characterisation of the dispersion in polymer flame retarded nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Le Bideau J, Gaveau P, Bellayer S, Néouze MA, Vioux A. Effect of confinement on ionic liquids dynamics in monolithic silica ionogels: 1H NMR study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5419-22. [DOI: 10.1039/b711539c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Langat J, Bellayer S, Hudrlik P, Hudrlik A, Maupin P, Gilman J, Raghavan D. Synthesis of imidazolium salts and their application in epoxy montmorillonite nanocomposites. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zammarano M, Bellayer S, Gilman JW, Franceschi M, Beyer FL, Harris RH, Meriani S. Delamination of organo-modified layered double hydroxides in polyamide 6 by melt processing. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zammarano M, Franceschi M, Bellayer S, Gilman JW, Meriani S. Preparation and flame resistance properties of revolutionary self-extinguishing epoxy nanocomposites based on layered double hydroxides. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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