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Zghal S, Jedidi I, Cretin M, Cerneaux S, Abdelmouleh M. Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Dye Using Carbon Graphite/CNT Composites as Adsorbents: Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamic Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16031015. [PMID: 36770024 PMCID: PMC9920111 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of the adsorption efficiency of new carbon/CNT composites was undertaken to remove a cationic dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), from dye-contaminated wastewater. Indeed, we investigated the effect of different experimental parameters such as time, initial concentration of dye and temperature on the adsorption of RhB by the carbon composites (KS44-0 and KS44-20). The results showed that the adsorption uptake increased with the initial concentration and solution temperature while maintaining a relatively constant pH. The presence of the carbon nanotubes provided more active sites for dye removal and improved the adsorption behavior of Rhodamine B dye. The analysis of the experimental data was conducted using model equations, such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. As regards the Freundlich isotherm model, it was the best fit for the equilibrium data obtained from the experiments. The applicability of the pseudo-second-order equation could be explained assuming that the overall adsorption rate is limited by the rate of adsorbate transport that occurs on the pore surfaces of adsorbents. Furthermore, the intraparticle diffusion and Bangham models were used to investigate the diffusion mechanism of RhB absorption onto carbon composites. They showed that multiple adsorption stages occurred simultaneously via pore surface diffusion. Concerning the thermodynamic parameters (∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆S°), they were calculated and explained in the mean of the chemical structure of the adsorbate. Negative standard Gibbs free energy change values (ΔG°ads) at all temperatures suggested that the adsorption process was spontaneous, and the positive values of the standard enthalpy change of adsorption (∆H°ads) revealed the reaction to be endothermic. The values of standard enthalpy (ΔH°ads) and activation energy (Ea) indicated that the adsorption process corresponds to physical sorption. The mechanisms for the removal of Rhodamine B dye from wastewater using carbon composite were predicted. RhB is a planar molecule that is readily adsorbed, in which adsorbed molecules are bound by hydrophobic or other weak interactions due to the π-π interactions between the dyes' aromatic backbones and the hexagonal skeleton of graphite and carbon nanotubes. Thus, the graphite carbon/carbon nanotube composite is believed to play a major role in organic pollutant reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Zghal
- Laboratory of Materials Science and Environment (LMSE), Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Rte. Soukra Km 4, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Ilyes Jedidi
- Laboratory of Materials Science and Environment (LMSE), Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Rte. Soukra Km 4, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Science, Al Jamiaa Street, Suhar 311, Oman
| | - Marc Cretin
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM—UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Cerneaux
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM—UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Makki Abdelmouleh
- Laboratory of Materials Science and Environment (LMSE), Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Rte. Soukra Km 4, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
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Wei X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200054. [PMID: 35293698 PMCID: PMC9108629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high-purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single-chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single-chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Wenke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
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Zaib Q, Adeyemi I, Warsinger DM, AlNashef IM. Deep Eutectic Solvent Assisted Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Water. Front Chem 2020; 8:808. [PMID: 33195030 PMCID: PMC7525222 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are emerging as a promising medium for many chemical processes. They can be used to observe specific properties required for nanomaterials' applications. Controlled CO2 adsorption requires disaggregation of carbon nanotubes into smaller bundles which can be accomplished by dispersing them in aqueous DES system. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to examine the impacts of three important factors on the dispersion of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in Choline Chloride-Glycerol (ChCl-Gly) DES; (i) ChCl-Gly (mass% in water), (ii) sonication energy input (J/mL), and (iii) SWNTs' concentration (mg/L). The net negative surface charge of ChCl-Gly, a “green solvent,” provided superior dispersion of inherently negatively charged SWNTs in water via electrostatic repulsion. The impacts of the dispersion factors were quantified by the average aggregate diameter (nm) and polydispersity (polydispersity index, PDI) of SWNTs in aqueous-DES systems. Models were developed, experimentally verified, and statistically validated to map the impacts of these factors and to obtain optimized dispersions. The optimized dispersions, characterized by the small (<100 nm) and uniform (<0.1 PDI) SWNTs' aggregates, were achieved at lower sonication energy costs which can have promising implications across many nano-manufacturing fields. The dispersion/aggregation mechanism was proposed using COSMO-RS (based on equilibrium thermodynamics and quantum chemistry) modeling of ChCl-Gly and zeta potential measurements of SWNTs. This understanding will help create optimally sustainable and economically feasible DES-nanomaterial dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qammer Zaib
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Idowu Adeyemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - David M Warsinger
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Inas M AlNashef
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Effect on near-infrared absorption spectra of DNA/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) complexes by adsorption of a blocking reagent. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lee SH, Kim MJ, Ahn S, Koh B. Purification of Boron Nitride Nanotubes Enhances Biological Application Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1529. [PMID: 32102322 PMCID: PMC7073224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercially available boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and their purified form (pBNNTs) were dispersed in aqueous solutions with various dispersants, and their cytotoxicity and drug encapsulation capacity were monitored. Our data suggest that pBNNTs showed an average increase in dispersibility of 37.3% in aqueous solution in the presence of 10 different dispersants. In addition, 100 μg of pBNNTs induced an average decrease in cytotoxicity of 27.4% compared to same amount of BNNTs in normal cell lines. The same amount of pBNNTs can encapsulate 10.4-fold more drug (camptothecin) compared to BNNTs. These data suggest that the purification of BNNTs improves several of their properties, which can be applied to biological experiments and are thus essential in the biological application of BNNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soul-Hee Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun 55324, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun 55324, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Nanochemistry, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Korea
| | - Seokhoon Ahn
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun 55324, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Byumseok Koh
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
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Yang F, Wang M, Zhang D, Yang J, Zheng M, Li Y. Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting, and Characterization. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2693-2758. [PMID: 32039585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Tomura A, Umemura K. A convenient method of attaching fluorescent dyes on single-walled carbon nanotubes pre-wrapped with DNA molecules. Anal Biochem 2018; 547:1-6. [PMID: 29428378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the attachment of different kinds of dyes, Uranine, Rhodamime 800 (R800), and Indocyanine green (ICG), to single-walled carbon nanotubes pre-wrapped with single-stranded DNAs (ssDNA-SWCNTs). A new but simple method was employed, in which a dye solution was added to ssDNA-SWCNTs that had been prepared beforehand in the conventional way. Resulting conjugates of dyes, DNA, and SWCNTs were precisely evaluated by ultraviolet to near-infrared fluorescence/absorbance spectrometry and atomic force microscopy. In particular, simultaneous measurements of fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy enabled us to find differences in the behaviors of the dyes on SWCNT surfaces. As a result, the fluorescence/absorbance spectra of dyes showed significant changes upon adsorption on SWCNTs. The fluorescence/absorbance peaks of Uranine, R800, and ICG were quenched by 41.3/2.8%, 72.3/48.9%, and 88.3/45.0%, respectively, in the presence of 11.5 μg/mL SWCNTs. We concluded firstly that by pre-wrapping SWCNTs with ssDNA, stable hybrids with these components were obtained even if the dyes used were relatively hydrophobic and secondly that Uranine retained light absorption on the surface of SWCNT while R800 and ICG did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tomura
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
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Polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes: a transformation toward better applications in healthcare. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 9:578-594. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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The Kinetics of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Aggregation in Aqueous Media Is Sensitive to Surface Charge. Mol Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/c2010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Kharisov BI, Kharissova OV, Dimas AV. The dispersion, solubilization and stabilization in “solution” of single-walled carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for the solubilization and dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in water and organic solvents by physical and chemical methods have been reviewed.
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Chmela Š, Kollár J, Hrčková Ľ. Fluorescent dye-labeled TIPNO type regulator for nitroxide mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Koh B, Cheng W. The Impact of Sonication on the Surface Quality of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2594-9. [PMID: 26017390 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sonication process is regularly adopted for dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in an aqueous medium. This can be achieved by either covalent functionalization of SWCNTs with strong acid or by noncovalent functionalization using dispersants that adsorb onto the surface of SWCNTs during dispersion. Because the dispersion process is usually performed using sonication, unintentional free radical formation during sonication process may induce covalent modification of SWCNT surface. Herein, we have systematically investigated the status of SWCNT surface modification under various sonication conditions using Raman spectroscopy. Comparing ID /IG (Raman intensities between D and G bands) ratio of SWCNTs under various sonication conditions suggests that typical sonication conditions (1-6 h bath sonication with sonication power between 3 and 80 W) in aqueous media do not induce covalent modification of SWCNT surface. In addition, we confirm that SWCNT dispersion with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) involves noncovalent adsorption of ssDNA onto the surface of SWCNTs, but not covalent linkage between ssDNA and SWCNT surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byumseok Koh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
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Cavuslar O, Unal H. Self-assembly of DNA wrapped carbon nanotubes and asymmetrical cyanine dyes into fluorescent nanohybrids. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes, asymmetrical cyanine dyes and single stranded DNA self-assemble into light absorbing hybrid nanostructures that are highly fluorescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Cavuslar
- Sabanci University
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Turkey
| | - H. Unal
- Sabanci University, Nanotechnology Research and Application Center
- Turkey
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14
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Koh B, Cheng W. Mechanisms of carbon nanotube aggregation and the reversion of carbon nanotube aggregates in aqueous medium. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10899-909. [PMID: 25144606 PMCID: PMC4165447 DOI: 10.1021/la5014279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersed in aqueous medium have many potential applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Reversible aggregation of SWCNTs dispersed in water has been frequently reported, but the mechanisms behind are not well understood. Here we show that SWCNTs dispersed into aqueous medium assisted by various charged molecules can be reversibly aggregated by a variety of electrolytes with two distinct mechanisms. Direct binding of counterions to SWCNTs leads to aggregation when the surface charge is neutralized from 74 to 86%. This aggregation is driven by electrostatic instead of van der Waals interactions, thus showing similarity to that of DNA condensation induced by multivalent cations. Sequestration of counterions by chelating reagents leads to the redispersion of SWCNT aggregates. In contrast to various metal ions, polyelectrolytes have the unique ability to induce SWCNT aggregation by bridging between individual SWCNTs. Aggregation through the latter mechanism can be engineered to be reversible by exploiting various mechanisms of chain breaking, including reduction of disulfide bond in the polymer chain, and the cleavage action of proteolytic enzymes. These findings clarify the mechanisms of SWCNT aggregation, and have broad implications in various applications of SWCNTs in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Cheng
- Mailing address: University of
Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065. Tel: (734) 763-3709. Fax: (734) 615-6162. E-mail:
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Kharissova OV, Kharisov BI, de Casas Ortiz EG. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in water and non-aqueous solvents. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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