1
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Moreland AS, Limwongyut J, Holton SJ, Bazan GC. Structural modulation of membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes decouples outer membrane permeabilizing and antimicrobial activities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12172-12175. [PMID: 37747122 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a series of membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes (MICOEs) to probe how structural features impact bacterial membrane integrity and antibiotic activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and outer membrane (OM) permeability correlated to different structural parameters suggesting that the antimicrobial mechanism is not related to OM permeabilization. However, lipid order parameters and MICs correlated to the same structural feature suggesting a possible link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Moreland
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Samuel J Holton
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 117544, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 117544, Singapore.
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2
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Zhou C, Chia GWN, Yong KT. Membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9917-9932. [PMID: 36448452 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
By acting as effective biomimetics of the lipid bilayers, membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes (MICOEs) can spontaneously insert themselves into both synthetic lipid bilayers and biological membranes. The modular and intentional molecular design of MICOEs enable a range of applications, such as bioproduction, biocatalysis, biosensing, and therapeutics. This tutorial review provides a structural evolution of MICOEs, which originated from the broader class of conjugated molecules, and analyses the drivers behind this evolutionary process. Various representative applications of MICOEs, accompanied by insights into their molecular design principles, will be reviewed separately. Perspectives on the current challenges and opportunities in research on MICOEs will be discussed at the end of the review to highlight their potential as unconventional and value-added materials for biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Geraldine W N Chia
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia.
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3
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Zhou C, Li Z, Zhu Z, Chia GWN, Mikhailovsky A, Vázquez RJ, Chan SJW, Li K, Liu B, Bazan GC. Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for Long-Term Tumor Tracking with Incremental NIR-II Emission. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201989. [PMID: 35306702 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of the near-infrared (NIR)-II emissive conjugated oligoelectrolyte COE-BBT are reported. COE-BBT has a solubility in aqueous media greater than 50 mg mL-1 , low toxicity, and a propensity to intercalate lipid bilayers, wherein it exhibits a higher emission quantum yield relative to aqueous media. Addition of COE-BBT to cells provides two emission channels, at ≈500 and ≈1020 nm, depending on the excitation wavelength, which facilitates in vitro confocal microscopy and in vivo animal imaging. The NIR-II emission of COE-BBT is used to track intracranial and subcutaneous tumor progression in mice. Of relevance is that the total NIR-II intensity increases over time. This phenomenon is attributed to a progressive attenuation of a COE-BBT self-quenching effect within the cells due to the expected dye dilution per cell as the tumor proliferates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zeshun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziyue Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Geraldine W N Chia
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Alexander Mikhailovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | | | - Samuel J W Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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4
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Tiihonen A, Cox-Vazquez SJ, Liang Q, Ragab M, Ren Z, Hartono NTP, Liu Z, Sun S, Zhou C, Incandela NC, Limwongyut J, Moreland AS, Jayavelu S, Bazan GC, Buonassisi T. Predicting Antimicrobial Activity of Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Molecules via Machine Learning. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18917-18931. [PMID: 34739239 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New antibiotics are needed to battle growing antibiotic resistance, but the development process from hit, to lead, and ultimately to a useful drug takes decades. Although progress in molecular property prediction using machine-learning methods has opened up new pathways for aiding the antibiotics development process, many existing solutions rely on large data sets and finding structural similarities to existing antibiotics. Challenges remain in modeling unconventional antibiotic classes that are drawing increasing research attention. In response, we developed an antimicrobial activity prediction model for conjugated oligoelectrolyte molecules, a new class of antibiotics that lacks extensive prior structure-activity relationship studies. Our approach enables us to predict the minimum inhibitory concentration for E. coli K12, with 21 molecular descriptors selected by recursive elimination from a set of 5305 descriptors. This predictive model achieves an R2 of 0.65 with no prior knowledge of the underlying mechanism. We find the molecular representation optimum for the domain is the key to good predictions of antimicrobial activity. In the case of conjugated oligoelectrolytes, a representation reflecting the three-dimensional shape of the molecules is most critical. Although it is demonstrated with a specific example of conjugated oligoelectrolytes, our proposed approach for creating the predictive model can be readily adapted to other novel antibiotic candidate domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armi Tiihonen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah J Cox-Vazquez
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Qiaohao Liang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohamed Ragab
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zekun Ren
- Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, #05-09, Innovation Wing, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | | | - Zhe Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shijing Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Nathan C Incandela
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jakkarin Limwongyut
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alex S Moreland
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Senthilnath Jayavelu
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Artificial Intelligence, Analytics and Informatics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tonio Buonassisi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, #05-09, Innovation Wing, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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5
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McCuskey SR, Chatsirisupachai J, Zeglio E, Parlak O, Panoy P, Herland A, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Current Progress of Interfacing Organic Semiconducting Materials with Bacteria. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4791-4825. [PMID: 34714064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial bioelectronics require interfacing microorganisms with electrodes. The resulting abiotic/biotic platforms provide the basis of a range of technologies, including energy conversion and diagnostic assays. Organic semiconductors (OSCs) provide a unique strategy to modulate the interfaces between microbial systems and external electrodes, thereby improving the performance of these incipient technologies. In this review, we explore recent progress in the field on how OSCs, and related materials capable of charge transport, are being used within the context of microbial systems, and more specifically bacteria. We begin by examining the electrochemical communication modes in bacteria and the biological basis for charge transport. Different types of synthetic organic materials that have been designed and synthesized for interfacing and interrogating bacteria are discussed next, followed by the most commonly used characterization techniques for evaluating transport in microbial, synthetic, and hybrid systems. A range of applications is subsequently examined, including biological sensors and energy conversion systems. The review concludes by summarizing what has been accomplished so far and suggests future design approaches for OSC bioelectronics materials and technologies that hybridize characteristic properties of microbial and OSC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R McCuskey
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Jirat Chatsirisupachai
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Erica Zeglio
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Onur Parlak
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine(Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,AIMES Center of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Patchareepond Panoy
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,AIMES Center of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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6
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Pannwitz A, Saaring H, Beztsinna N, Li X, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. Mimicking Photosystem I with a Transmembrane Light Harvester and Energy Transfer-Induced Photoreduction in Phospholipid Bilayers. Chemistry 2021; 27:3013-3018. [PMID: 32743875 PMCID: PMC7898337 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PS I) is a transmembrane protein that assembles perpendicular to the membrane, and performs light harvesting, energy transfer, and electron transfer to a final, water-soluble electron acceptor. We present here a supramolecular model of it formed by a bicationic oligofluorene 12+ bound to the bisanionic photoredox catalyst eosin Y (EY2- ) in phospholipid bilayers. According to confocal microscopy, molecular modeling, and time dependent density functional theory calculations, 12+ prefers to align perpendicularly to the lipid bilayer. In presence of EY2- , a strong complex is formed (Ka =2.1±0.1×106 m-1 ), which upon excitation of 12+ leads to efficient energy transfer to EY2- . Follow-up electron transfer from the excited state of EY2- to the water-soluble electron donor EDTA was shown via UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Overall, controlled self-assembly and photochemistry within the membrane provides an unprecedented yet simple synthetic functional mimic of PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pannwitz
- Leiden UniversityLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Holden Saaring
- Leiden UniversityLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Nataliia Beztsinna
- Leiden UniversityLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Xinmeng Li
- Leiden UniversityLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Johns Hopkins UniversityDepartment of ChemistryMaryland21218BaltimoreUSA
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden UniversityLeiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
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7
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Zheng L, Li J, Yu M, Jia W, Duan S, Cao D, Ding X, Yu B, Zhang X, Xu FJ. Molecular Sizes and Antibacterial Performance Relationships of Flexible Ionic Liquid Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20257-20269. [PMID: 33179921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cationic agents, such as ionic liquids (ILs)-based species, have broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. However, the antibacterial mechanisms lack systematic and molecular-level research, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, which have highly organized membrane structures. Here, we designed a series of flexible fluorescent diketopyrrolopyrrole-based ionic liquid derivatives (ILDs) with various molecular sizes (1.95-4.2 nm). The structure-antibacterial activity relationships of the ILDs against Escherichia coli (E. coli) were systematically studied thorough antibacterial tests, fluorescent tracing, morphology analysis, molecular biology, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. ILD-6, with a relatively small molecular size, could penetrate through the bacterial membrane, leading to membrane thinning and intracellular activities. ILD-6 showed fast and efficient antimicrobial activity. With the increase of molecular sizes, the corresponding ILDs were proven to intercalate into the bacterial membrane, leading to the destabilization of the lipid bilayer and further contributing to the antimicrobial activities. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of ILD-8 was limited, where the size was not large enough to introduce significant membrane disorder. Relative antibacterial experiments using another common Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), further confirmed the proposed structure-antibacterial activity relationships of ILDs. More impressively, both ILD-6 and ILD-12 displayed significant in vivo therapeutic effects on the PAO1-infected rat model, while ILD-8 performed poorly, which confirmed the antibacterial mechanism of ILDs and proved their potentials for future application. This work clarifies the interactions between molecular sizes of ionic liquid-based species and Gram-negative bacteria and will provide useful guidance for the rational design of high-performance antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Manman Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Bingran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xianren Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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8
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Leifert D, Moreland AS, Limwongyut J, Mikhailovsky AA, Bazan GC. Photoswitchable Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for a Light-Induced Change of Membrane Morphology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20333-20337. [PMID: 32596843 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), namely DSAzB, is described, which contains a conjugated core bearing a diazene moiety in the center of its electronically delocalized structure. Similar to structurally related phenylenevinylene-based COEs, DSAzB readily intercalates into model and natural lipid bilayer membranes. Photoinduced isomerization transforms the linear trans COE into a bent or C-shape form. It is thereby possible to introduce DSAzB into the bilayer of a cell and disrupt its integrity by irradiation with light. This leads to controlled permeabilization of membranes, as demonstrated by the release of calcein from DMPG/DMPC vesicles and by propidium iodide influx experiments on S. epidermidis. Both experiments support that the permeabilization is selective for the light stimulus, highly efficient, and repeatable. Target-selective and photoinduced actions demonstrated by DSAzB may have broad applications in biocatalysis and related biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alex S Moreland
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials and Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jakkarin Limwongyut
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials and Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Alexander A Mikhailovsky
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials and Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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9
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Leifert D, Moreland AS, Limwongyut J, Mikhailovsky AA, Bazan GC. Photoswitchable Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for a Light‐Induced Change of Membrane Morphology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alex S. Moreland
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials and Physics University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Jakkarin Limwongyut
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials and Physics University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Alexander A. Mikhailovsky
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials and Physics University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
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10
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Zamani E, Johnson TJ, Chatterjee S, Immethun C, Sarella A, Saha R, Dishari SK. Cationic π-Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Shows Antimicrobial Activity by Causing Lipid Loss and Lowering Elastic Modulus of Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49346-49361. [PMID: 33089982 PMCID: PMC8926324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cationic, π-conjugated oligo-/polyelectrolytes (CCOEs/CCPEs) have shown great potential as antimicrobial materials to fight against antibiotic resistance. In this work, we treated wild-type and ampicillin-resistant (amp-resistant) Escherichia coli (E. coli) with a promising cationic, π-conjugated polyelectrolyte (P1) with a phenylene-based backbone and investigated the resulting morphological, mechanical, and compositional changes of the outer membrane of bacteria in great detail. The cationic quaternary amine groups of P1 led to electrostatic interactions with negatively charged moieties within the outer membrane of bacteria. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we showed that due to this treatment, the bacterial outer membrane became rougher, decreased in stiffness/elastic modulus (AFM nanoindentation), formed blebs, and released vesicles near the cells. These evidences, in addition to increased staining of the P1-treated cell membrane by lipophilic dye Nile Red (confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)), suggested loosening/disruption of packing of the outer cell envelope and release and exposure of lipid-based components. Lipidomics and fatty acid analysis confirmed a significant loss of phosphate-based outer membrane lipids and fatty acids, some of which are critically needed to maintain cell wall integrity and mechanical strength. Lipidomics and UV-vis analysis also confirmed that the extracellular vesicles released upon treatment (AFM) are composed of lipids and cationic P1. Such surface alterations (vesicle/bleb formation) and release of lipids/fatty acids upon treatment were effective enough to inhibit further growth of E. coli cells without completely disintegrating the cells and have been known as a defense mechanism of the cells against cationic antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Zamani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Tyler J. Johnson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shyambo Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Cheryl Immethun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Anandakumar Sarella
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Voelte-Keegan Nanoscience Research Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0298, United States
| | - Rajib Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shudipto Konika Dishari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Corresponding author’s ; Phone: 402-472-7537
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11
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Limwongyut J, Nie C, Moreland AS, Bazan GC. Molecular design of antimicrobial conjugated oligoelectrolytes with enhanced selectivity toward bacterial cells. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8138-8144. [PMID: 34123085 PMCID: PMC8163332 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03679j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of cationic conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) was designed to understand how variations in molecular dimensions impact the relative activity against bacteria and mammalian cells. These COEs kept a consistent distyrylbenzene framework but differed in the length of linker between the core and the cationic site and the length of substitute on the quaternary ammonium functioned group. Their antimicrobial efficacy, mammalian cell cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and cell association were determined. We find that hydrophobicity is a factor that controls the degree of COE association to cells, but in vitro efficacy and cytotoxicity depend on more subtle structural features. COE2-3C-C4butyl was found to be the optimal structure with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg mL−1 against E. coli K12, low cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells and negligible hemolysis of red blood cells, even at 1024 μg mL−1. A time-kill kinetics study of COE2-3C-C4butyl against E. coli K12 demonstrates bactericidal activity. These findings provide the first systematic investigation of how COEs may be modulated to achieve low mammalian cell cytotoxicity with the long-range perspective of finding candidates suitable for developing a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. A series of cationic conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) was designed to understand how variations in molecular dimensions impact the relative activity against bacteria and mammalian cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkarin Limwongyut
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Chenyao Nie
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Alex S Moreland
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA .,Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
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12
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DiFrancesco ML, Lodola F, Colombo E, Maragliano L, Bramini M, Paternò GM, Baldelli P, Serra MD, Lunelli L, Marchioretto M, Grasselli G, Cimò S, Colella L, Fazzi D, Ortica F, Vurro V, Eleftheriou CG, Shmal D, Maya-Vetencourt JF, Bertarelli C, Lanzani G, Benfenati F. Neuronal firing modulation by a membrane-targeted photoswitch. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:296-306. [PMID: 32015505 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical technologies allowing modulation of neuronal activity at high spatio-temporal resolution are becoming paramount in neuroscience. In this respect, azobenzene-based photoswitches are promising nanoscale tools for neuronal photostimulation. Here we engineered a light-sensitive azobenzene compound (Ziapin2) that stably partitions into the plasma membrane and causes its thinning through trans-dimerization in the dark, resulting in an increased membrane capacitance at steady state. We demonstrated that in neurons loaded with the compound, millisecond pulses of visible light induce a transient hyperpolarization followed by a delayed depolarization that triggers action potential firing. These effects are persistent and can be evoked in vivo up to 7 days, proving the potential of Ziapin2 for the modulation of membrane capacitance in the millisecond timescale, without directly affecting ion channels or local temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lorenzo DiFrancesco
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colombo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Maragliano
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Mattia Bramini, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pietro Baldelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Dalla Serra
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trento, Italy
- Laboratory of Biomarker Studies and Structure Analysis for Health, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lunelli
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trento, Italy
- Laboratory of Biomarker Studies and Structure Analysis for Health, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Marta Marchioretto
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trento, Italy
- Laboratory of Biomarker Studies and Structure Analysis for Health, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grasselli
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Cimò
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Colella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fausto Ortica
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vito Vurro
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Cyril Giles Eleftheriou
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Cyril Giles Eleftheriou, Departments of Ophtalmology and Neurology, Burke Medical Research Institute, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Dmytro Shmal
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - José Fernando Maya-Vetencourt
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- José Fernando Maya-Vetencourt, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Bertarelli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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13
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Suwara J, Lukasik B, Zurawinski R, Pawlowska R, Chworos A. Highly Fluorescent Distyrylnaphthalene Derivatives as a Tool for Visualization of Cellular Membranes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E951. [PMID: 32093301 PMCID: PMC7078901 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent imaging, which is an important interdisciplinary field bridging research from organic chemistry, biochemistry and cell biology has been applied for multi-dimensional detection, visualization and characterization of biological structures and processes. Especially valuable is the possibility to monitor cellular processes in real time using fluorescent probes. In this work, conjugated oligoelectrolytes and neutral derivatives with the distyrylnaphthalene core (SN-COEs) were designed, synthetized and tested for biological properties as membrane-specific fluorescent dyes for the visualization of membrane-dependent cellular processes. The group of tested compounds includes newly synthesized distyrylnaphthalene derivatives (DSNNs): a trimethylammonium derivative (DSNN-NMe3+), a phosphonate derivative (DSNN-P), a morpholine derivative (DSNN-Mor), a dihydroxyethylamine derivative (DSNN-DEA), a phosphonate potassium salt (DSNN-POK), an amino derivative (DSNN-NH2) and pyridinium derivative (DSNN-Py+). All compounds were tested for their biological properties, including cytotoxicity and staining efficiency towards mammalian cells. The fluorescence intensity of SN-COEs incorporated into cellular structures was analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity results have shown that all tested SN-COEs can be safely used in the human and animal cell studies. Fluorescence and confocal microscopy observations confirm that tested COEs can be applied as fluorescent probes for the visualization of intracellular membrane components in a wide range of different cell types, including adherent and suspension cells. The staining procedure may be performed under both serum free and complete medium conditions. The presented studies have revealed the interesting biological properties of SN-COEs and confirmed their applicability as dyes for staining the membranous structures of eukaryotic cells, which may be useful for visualization of wide range of biological processes dependent of the extra-/intracellular communications and/or based on the remodeling of cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roza Pawlowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (B.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Arkadiusz Chworos
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (B.L.); (R.Z.)
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14
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Chilambi GS, Hinks J, Matysik A, Zhu X, Choo PY, Liu X, Chan-Park MB, Bazan GC, Kline KA, Rice SA. Enterococcus faecalis Adapts to Antimicrobial Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes by Lipid Rearrangement and Differential Expression of Membrane Stress Response Genes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:155. [PMID: 32117172 PMCID: PMC7033496 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are emerging antimicrobials with broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as fungi. Our previous in vitro evolution studies using Enterococcus faecalis grown in the presence of two related COEs (COE1-3C and COE1-3Py) led to the emergence of mutants (changes in liaF and liaR) with a moderate 4- to16-fold increased resistance to COEs. The contribution of liaF and liaR mutations to COE resistance was confirmed by complementation of the mutants, which restored sensitivity to COEs. To better understand the cellular target of COEs, and the mechanism of resistance to COEs, transcriptional changes associated with resistance in the evolved mutants were investigated in this study. The differentially transcribed genes encoded membrane transporters, in addition to proteins associated with cell envelope synthesis and stress responses. Genes encoding membrane transport proteins from the ATP binding cassette superfamily were the most significantly induced or repressed in COE tolerant mutants compared to the wild type when exposed to COEs. Additionally, differences in the membrane localization of a lipophilic dye in E. faecalis exposed to COEs suggested that resistance was associated with lipid rearrangement in the cell membrane. The membrane adaptation to COEs in EFC3C and EFC3Py resulted in an improved tolerance to bile salt and sodium chloride stress. Overall, this study showed that bacterial cell membranes are the primary target of COEs and that E. faecalis adapts to membrane interacting COE molecules by both lipid rearrangement and changes in membrane transporter activity. The level of resistance to COEs suggests that E. faecalis does not have a specific response pathway to elicit resistance against these molecules and this is supported by the rather broad and diverse suite of genes that are induced upon COE exposure as well as cross-resistance to membrane perturbing stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Shankar Chilambi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Artur Matysik
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Yi Choo
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary B. Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Kline
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A. Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Guo J, Chia GW, Berezhnoy NV, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Kjelleberg S, Hinks J, Mu Y, Seviour T. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide core structures mediate effects of butanol ingress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Zamani E, Chatterjee S, Changa T, Immethun C, Sarella A, Saha R, Dishari SK. Mechanistic Understanding of the Interactions of Cationic Conjugated Oligo- and Polyelectrolytes with Wild-type and Ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20411. [PMID: 31892737 PMCID: PMC6938524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of cell-drug binding modes and action mechanisms can potentially guide the future design of novel drugs and antimicrobial materials and help to combat antibiotic resistance. Light-harvesting π-conjugated molecules have been demonstrated for their antimicrobial effects, but their impact on bacterial outer cell envelope needs to be studied in detail. Here, we synthesized poly(phenylene) based model cationic conjugated oligo- (2QA-CCOE, 4QA-CCOE) and polyelectrolytes (CCPE), and systematically explored their interactions with the outer cell membrane of wild-type and ampicillin (amp)-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Incubation of the E. coli cells in CCOE/CCPE solution inhibited the subsequent bacterial growth in LB media. About 99% growth inhibition was achieved if amp-resistant E. coli was treated for ~3-5 min, 1 h and 6 h with 100 μM of CCPE, 4QA-CCOE, and 2QA-CCOE solutions, respectively. Interestingly, these CCPE and CCOEs inhibited the growth of both wild-type and amp-resistant E. coli to a similar extent. A large surface charge reversal of bacteria upon treatment with CCPE suggested the formation of a coating of CCPE on the outer surface of bacteria; while a low reversal of bacterial surface charge suggested intercalation of CCOEs within the lipid bilayer of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Zamani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United States
| | - Shyambo Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United States
| | - Taity Changa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United States
| | - Cheryl Immethun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United States
| | - Anandakumar Sarella
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Voelte-Keegan Nanoscience Research Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0298, United States
| | - Rajib Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United States
| | - Shudipto Konika Dishari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United States.
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17
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Bazan EL, Ruan L, Zhou C. Improving the antimicrobial efficacy against resistant Staphylococcus aureus by a combined use of conjugated oligoelectrolytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224816. [PMID: 31730663 PMCID: PMC6857938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs), namely COE-D8 and COE-S6, were combined to achieve enhanced antimicrobial efficacy. COE-D8 has a shorter molecular length than COE-S6 and is typical of effective antimicrobial COE molecules, presumably due to its prominent membrane disrupting function. In contrast, COE-D6 exhibits lower efficacy against bacteria and lower toxicity toward mammalian cells. Surprisingly, after supplementing 8 μM COE-S6, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of COE-D8 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was improved 8-fold, from 0.5 μM to 0.063 μM (0.050 μg mL-1). No increased toxicity toward mammalian cells was observed by the combination of COEs, as indicated by cytotoxicity measurements using the 3T3 cell line. Indeed, there is an extended ratio between the half maximal inhibitory concentration based on 3T3 cells to MIC against MRSA from 12 to greater than 256. Biophysical experiments using liposome models suggest that COE-S6 promotes the interactions between COE-D8 and lipid bilayers, which is in agreement with damages of cellular permeability and morphology, as observed by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The application of a combined mixture of COEs further demonstrates their promising potential as a new class of antimicrobial agents with high efficacy and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias L. Bazan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lin Ruan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Cheng Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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18
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Zeglio E, Rutz AL, Winkler TE, Malliaras GG, Herland A. Conjugated Polymers for Assessing and Controlling Biological Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806712. [PMID: 30861237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic bioelectronics is advancing rapidly in the development of materials and devices to precisely monitor and control biological signals. Electronics and biology can interact on multiple levels: organs, complex tissues, cells, cell membranes, proteins, and even small molecules. Compared to traditional electronic materials such as metals and inorganic semiconductors, conjugated polymers (CPs) have several key advantages for biological interactions: tunable physiochemical properties, adjustable form factors, and mixed conductivity (ionic and electronic). Herein, the use of CPs in five biologically oriented research topics, electrophysiology, tissue engineering, drug release, biosensing, and molecular bioelectronics, is discussed. In electrophysiology, implantable devices with CP coating or CP-only electrodes are showing improvements in signal performance and tissue interfaces. CP-based scaffolds supply highly favorable static or even dynamic interfaces for tissue engineering. CPs also enable delivery of drugs through a variety of mechanisms and form factors. For biosensing, CPs offer new possibilities to incorporate biological sensing elements in a conducting matrix. Molecular bioelectronics is today used to incorporate (opto)electronic functions in living tissue. Under each topic, the limits of the utility of CPs are discussed and, overall, the major challenges toward implementation of CPs and their devices to real-world applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Zeglio
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra L Rutz
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Thomas E Winkler
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Anna Herland
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Wang B, Queenan BN, Wang S, Nilsson KPR, Bazan GC. Precisely Defined Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for Biosensing and Therapeutics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806701. [PMID: 30698856 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are a relatively new class of synthetic organic molecules with, as of yet, untapped potential for use in organic optoelectronic devices and bioelectronic systems. COEs also offer a novel molecular approach to biosensing, bioimaging, and disease therapy. Substantial progress has been made in the past decade at the intersection of chemistry, materials science, and the biological sciences developing COEs and their polymer analogues, namely, conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), into synthetic systems with biological and biomedical utility. CPEs have traditionally attracted more attention in arenas of sensing, imaging, and therapy. However, the precisely defined molecular structures and interactions of COEs offer potential key advantages over CPEs, including higher reliability and fluorescence quantum efficiency, larger diversity of subcellular targeting strategies, and improved selectivity to biomolecules. Here, the unique-and sometimes overlooked-properties of COEs are discussed and the noticeable progress in their use for biological sensing, imaging, and therapy is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Bridget N Queenan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE, -581 83, Sweden
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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20
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Zhou C, Chia GWN, Ho JCS, Moreland AS, Seviour T, Liedberg B, Parikh AN, Kjelleberg S, Hinks J, Bazan GC. A Chain-Elongated Oligophenylenevinylene Electrolyte Increases Microbial Membrane Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808021. [PMID: 30908801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE) material, named S6, is designed to have a lipid-bilayer stabilizing topology afforded by an extended oligophenylenevinylene backbone. S6 intercalates biological membranes acting as a hydrophobic support for glycerophospholipid acyl chains. Indeed, Escherichia coli treated with S6 exhibits a twofold improvement in butanol tolerance, a relevant feature to achieve within the general context of modifying microorganisms used in biofuel production. Filamentous growth, a morphological stress response to butanol toxicity in E. coli, is observed in untreated cells after incubation with 0.9% butanol (v/v), but is mitigated by S6 treatment. Real-time fluorescence imaging using giant unilamellar vesicles reveals the extent to which S6 counters membrane instability. Moreover, S6 also reduces butanol-induced lipopolysaccharide release from the outer membrane to further maintain cell integrity. These findings highlight a deliberate effort in the molecular design of a chain-elongated COE to stabilize microbial membranes against environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geraldine W N Chia
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - James C S Ho
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Alex S Moreland
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Atul N Parikh
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering,, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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21
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McCuskey SR, Rengert ZD, Zhang M, Helgeson ME, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC. Tuning the Potential of Electron Extraction from Microbes with Ferrocene-Containing Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800303. [PMID: 32627367 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic systems that facilitate electron transport across cellular membranes are of interest in bio-electrochemical technologies such as bio-electrosynthesis, waste water remediation, and microbial fuel cells. The design of second generation redox-active conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) bearing terminal cationic groups and a π-delocalized core capped by two ferrocene units is reported. The two COEs, DVFBO and F4 -DVFBO, have similar membrane affinity, but fluorination of the core results in a higher oxidation potential (422 ± 5 mV compared to 365 ± 4 mV vs Ag/AgCl for the neutral precursors in chloroform). Concentration-dependent aggregation is suggested by zeta potential measurements and confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. When the working electrode potential (ECA ) is poised below the oxidation potential of the COEs (ECA = 200 mV) in three-electrode electrochemical cells containing Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, addition of DVFBO and F4 -DVFBO produces negligible biocurrent enhancement over controls. At ECA = 365 mV, DVFBO increases steady-state biocurrent by 67 ± 12% relative to controls, while the increase with F4 -DVFBO is 30 ± 5%. Cyclic voltammetry supports that DVFBO increases catalytic biocurrent and that F4 -DVFBO has less impact, consistent with their oxidation potentials. Overall, electron transfer from microbial species is modulated via tailoring of the COE redox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R McCuskey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Zachary D Rengert
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Matthew E Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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22
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von Rudorff GF, Watermann T, Guo XY, Sebastiani D. Conformational Space of a Polyphilic Molecule with a Fluorophilic Side Chain Integrated in a DPPC Bilayer. J Comput Chem 2019; 38:576-583. [PMID: 28211109 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the conformational space of a polyphilic molecule with hydrophilic, lipophilic and fluorophilic parts inserted as a transmembrane agent into a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer by means of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Special focus is put on the competing structural driving forces arising from the hydrophilic, lipophilic and fluorophilic side chains and the aromatic backbone of the polyphile. We observe a significant difference between the lipophilic and the fluorophilic side chains regarding their intramembrane distribution. While the lipophilic groups remain membrane-centered, the fluorophilic parts tend to orient toward the phosphate headgroups. This trend is important for understanding the influence of polyphile agents on the properties of phospholipid membranes. From a fundamental point of view, our computed distribution functions of the side chains are related to the interplay of sterical, enthalpic and entropic driving forces. Our findings illustrate the potential of rationally designed membrane additives which can be exploited to tune the properties of phospholipid membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido F von Rudorff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Tobias Watermann
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Xiang-Yang Guo
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Daniel Sebastiani
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
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23
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Zhou C, Chia GWN, Ho JCS, Seviour T, Sailov T, Liedberg B, Kjelleberg S, Hinks J, Bazan GC. Informed Molecular Design of Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes To Increase Cell Affinity and Antimicrobial Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Singapore
| | - Geraldine W. N. Chia
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) Singapore
| | - James C. S. Ho
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor ScienceSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) Singapore
| | - Talgat Sailov
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor ScienceSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) Singapore
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) Singapore
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) Singapore
- Center for Polymers and Organic SolidsDepartments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and MaterialsUniversity of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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24
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Zhou C, Chia GWN, Ho JCS, Seviour T, Sailov T, Liedberg B, Kjelleberg S, Hinks J, Bazan GC. Informed Molecular Design of Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes To Increase Cell Affinity and Antimicrobial Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8069-8072. [PMID: 29707869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are emerging as potential alternatives to conventional, yet increasingly ineffective, antibiotics. Three readily accessible COEs, belonging to an unreported series containing a stilbene core, namely D4, D6, and D8, were designed and synthesized so that the hydrophobicity increases with increasing side-chain length. Decreased aqueous solubility correlates with increased uptake by E. coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of D8 is 4 μg mL-1 against both E. coli and E. faecalis, with an effective uptake of 72 %. In contrast, the MIC value of the shortest COE, D4, is 128 μg mL-1 owing to the low cellular uptake of 3 %. These findings demonstrate the application of rational design to generate efficacious antimicrobial COEs that have potential as low-cost antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
| | - Geraldine W N Chia
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Singapore.,Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore
| | - James C S Ho
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore
| | - Talgat Sailov
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Singapore.,Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore.,Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore.,Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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25
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Chilambi GS, Gao IH, Yoon BK, Park S, Kawakami LM, Ravikumar V, Chan-Park MB, Cho NJ, Bazan GC, Kline KA, Rice SA, Hinks J. Membrane adaptation limitations inEnterococcus faecalisunderlie sensitivity and the inability to develop significant resistance to conjugated oligoelectrolytes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10284-10293. [PMID: 35540442 PMCID: PMC9078823 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11823f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COEs are emerging antimicrobials to combat drug resistant infections and to which bacteria develop only limited resistance.
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26
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Limwongyut J, Liu Y, Chilambi GS, Seviour T, Hinks J, Mu Y, Bazan GC. Interactions of a paracyclophane-based conjugated oligoelectrolyte with biological membranes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39849-39853. [PMID: 35558200 PMCID: PMC9091243 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a non-planar conjugated oligoelectrolyte as a membrane permeabilizing material and its membrane interactions compared to the linear analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkarin Limwongyut
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biological Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Gayatri Shankar Chilambi
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
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27
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Guo XY, Peschel C, Watermann T, Rudorff GFV, Sebastiani D. Cluster Formation of Polyphilic Molecules Solvated in a DPPC Bilayer. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E488. [PMID: 30965791 PMCID: PMC6418594 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyse the initial stages of cluster formation of polyphilic additive molecules which are solvated in a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer. Our polyphilic molecules comprise an aromatic (trans-bilayer) core domain with (out-of-bilayer) glycerol terminations, complemented with a fluorophilic and an alkyl side chain, both of which are confined within the aliphatic segment of the bilayer. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations (1 μ s total duration) of a set of six of such polyphilic additives reveal the initial steps towards supramolecular aggregation induced by the specific philicity properties of the molecules. For our intermediate system size of six polyphiles, the transient but recurrent formation of a trimer is observed on a characteristic timescale of about 100 ns. The alkane/perfluoroalkane side chains show a very distinct conformational distribution inside the bilayer thanks to their different philicity, despite their identical anchoring in the trans-bilayer segment of the polyphile. The diffusive mobility of the polyphilic additives is about the same as that of the surrounding lipids, although it crosses both bilayer leaflets and tends to self-associate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Guo
- Institute of Chemistry, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Christopher Peschel
- Institute of Chemistry, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Tobias Watermann
- Institute of Chemistry, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Guido Falk von Rudorff
- Institute of Chemistry, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Daniel Sebastiani
- Institute of Chemistry, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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28
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Peschel C, Brehm M, Sebastiani D. Polyphilic Interactions as Structural Driving Force Investigated by Molecular Dynamics Simulation (Project 7). Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E445. [PMID: 30965747 PMCID: PMC6418726 DOI: 10.3390/polym9090445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of fluorinated molecules on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers by force-field molecular dynamics simulations. In the first step, we developed all-atom force-field parameters for additive molecules in membranes to enable an accurate description of those systems. On the basis of this force field, we performed extensive simulations of various bilayer systems containing different additives. The additive molecules were chosen to be of different size and shape, and they included small molecules such as perfluorinated alcohols, but also more complex molecules. From these simulations, we investigated the structural and dynamic effects of the additives on the membrane properties, as well as the behavior of the additive molecules themselves. Our results are in good agreement with other theoretical and experimental studies, and they contribute to a microscopic understanding of interactions, which might be used to specifically tune membrane properties by additives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Peschel
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Martin Brehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Daniel Sebastiani
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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29
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Kirchhofer ND, Rengert ZD, Dahlquist FW, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC. A Ferrocene-Based Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Catalyzes Bacterial Electrode Respiration. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Yan H, Rengert ZD, Thomas AW, Rehermann C, Hinks J, Bazan GC. Influence of molecular structure on the antimicrobial function of phenylenevinylene conjugated oligoelectrolytes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5714-5722. [PMID: 30034711 PMCID: PMC6021957 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00630b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure/property relationships were obtained to understand the antimicrobial function of conjugated oligoelectrolytes toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) with phenylenevinylene (PV) repeat units are known to spontaneously intercalate into cell membranes. Twelve COEs, including seven structures reported here for the first time, were investigated for the relationship between their membrane disrupting properties and structural modifications, including the length of the PV backbone and the presence of either a tetraalkylammonium or a pyridinium ionic pendant group. Optical characteristics and interactions with cell membranes were determined using UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies, and confocal microscopy. Toxicity tests on representative Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria reveal generally greater toxicity to E. faecalis than to E. coli and indicate that shorter molecules have superior antimicrobial activity. Increased antimicrobial potency was observed in three-ring COEs appended with pyridinium ionic groups but not with COEs with four or five PV repeat units. Studies with mutants having cell envelope modifications indicate a possible charge based interaction with pyridinium-appended compounds. Fluorine substitutions on COE backbones result in structures that are less toxic to E. coli, while the addition of benzothiadiazole to COE backbones has no effect on increasing antimicrobial function. A weakly membrane-intercalating COE with only two PV repeat units allowed us to determine the synthetic limitations as a result of competition between solubility in aqueous media and association with cell membranes. We describe, for the first time, the most membrane disrupting structure achievable within two homologous series of COEs and that around a critical three-ring backbone length, structural modifications have the most effect on antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , USA .
| | - Zachary D Rengert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , USA .
| | - Alexander W Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , USA .
| | - Carolin Rehermann
- Department of Chemistry , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Germany
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore .
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , USA . .,Department of Materials , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , USA
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31
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Catania C, Ajo-Franklin C, Bazan GC. Membrane permeabilization by conjugated oligoelectrolytes accelerates whole-cell catalysis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COE) increase outer membrane permeability inEscherichia coli,improve transport of small molecules through the cell envelope and thus accelerate whole-cell catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Catania
- Materials Department
- University of California
- Santa Barbara 93106
- USA
| | - Caroline M. Ajo-Franklin
- Physical Biosciences Division
- Materials Science Division and Synthetic Biology Institute
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara 93106
- USA
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32
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Catania C, Thomas AW, Bazan GC. Tuning cell surface charge in E. coli with conjugated oligoelectrolytes. Chem Sci 2015; 7:2023-2029. [PMID: 29899927 PMCID: PMC5968544 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes intercalate into and associate with membranes, thereby changing the surface charge of microbes, as determined by zeta potential measurements.
Cationic conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) varying in length and structural features are compared with respect to their association with E. coli and their effect on cell surface charge as determined by zeta potential measurements. Regardless of structural features, at high staining concentrations COEs with longer molecular dimensions associate less, but neutralize the negative surface charge of E. coli to a greater degree than shorter COEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Catania
- Materials Department , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA
| | - Alexander W Thomas
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA .
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Materials Department , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA.,Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA .
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33
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Hinks J, Wang Y, Matysik A, Kraut R, Kjelleberg S, Mu Y, Bazan GC, Wuertz S, Seviour T. Increased Microbial Butanol Tolerance by Exogenous Membrane Insertion Molecules. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3718-3726. [PMID: 26404512 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Butanol is an ideal biofuel, although poor titers lead to high recovery costs by distillation. Fluidization of microbial membranes by butanol is one of the major factors limiting titers in butanol-producing bioprocesses. Starting with the hypothesis that certain membrane insertion molecules would stabilize the lipid bilayer in the presence of butanol, we applied a combination of in vivo and in vitro techniques within an in silico framework to describe a new approach to achieve solvent tolerance in bacteria. Single-molecule tracking of a model supported bilayer showed that COE1-5C, a five-ringed oligo-polyphenylenevinylene conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), reduced the diffusion rate of phospholipids in a microbially derived lipid bilayer to a greater extent than three-ringed and four-ringed COEs. Furthermore, COE1-5C treatment increased the specific growth rate of E. coli K12 relative to a control at inhibitory butanol concentrations. Consequently, to confer butanol tolerance to microbes by exogenous means is complementary to genetic modification of strains in industrial bioprocesses, extends the physiological range of microbes to match favorable bioprocess conditions, and is amenable with complex and undefined microbial consortia for biobutanol production. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the π-conjugated aromatic backbone of COE1-5C likely acts as a hydrophobic tether for glycerophospholipid acyl chains by enhancing bilayer integrity in the presence of high butanol concentrations, which thereby counters membrane fluidization. COE1-5C-mitigated E. coli K12 membrane depolarization by butanol is consistent with the hypothesis that improved growth rates in the presence of butanol are a consequence of improved bilayer stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Artur Matysik
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Rachel Kraut
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Centre for Marine BioInnovation and School of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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34
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Jahnke JP, Bazan GC, Sumner JJ. Effect of Modified Phospholipid Bilayers on the Electrochemical Activity of a Membrane-Spanning Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11613-11620. [PMID: 26422050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation and electrochemical activity of a conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE) in model phospholipid bilayers have been characterized using cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis absorption measurements. Several other modifiers were also incorporated into the phospholipid membranes to alter properties such as charge and alkyl chain disorder. Using potassium ferricyanide to measure charge transport, it was observed that bilayers that contained cholic acid, a negatively charged additive that also promotes alkyl chain disorder, had higher COE uptake and charge permeability than unmodified bilayers. In contrast, when the positively charged choline was incorporated, charge permeability decreased and COE uptake was similar to that of unmodified bilayers. The incorporation of cholesterol at low concentrations within the phospholipid membranes was shown to enhance the COE's effectiveness at increasing membrane charge permeability without increasing the COE concentration in the bilayer. Higher concentrations of cholesterol reduce membrane fluidity and membrane charge permeability. Collectively, these results demonstrate that changes in phospholipid membrane charge permeability upon COE incorporation depend not only on the concentration in the membrane but also on interactions with the phospholipid bilayer and other additives present in the membranes. This approach of manipulating the properties of phospholipid membranes to understand COE interactions is applicable to understanding the behavior of a wide range of molecules that impart useful properties to phospholipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Jahnke
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James J Sumner
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
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35
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Johansson PK, Jullesson D, Elfwing A, Liin SI, Musumeci C, Zeglio E, Elinder F, Solin N, Inganäs O. Electronic polymers in lipid membranes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11242. [PMID: 26059023 PMCID: PMC4462020 DOI: 10.1038/srep11242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical interfaces between biological cells and man-made electrical devices exist in many forms, but it remains a challenge to bridge the different mechanical and chemical environments of electronic conductors (metals, semiconductors) and biosystems. Here we demonstrate soft electrical interfaces, by integrating the metallic polymer PEDOT-S into lipid membranes. By preparing complexes between alkyl-ammonium salts and PEDOT-S we were able to integrate PEDOT-S into both liposomes and in lipid bilayers on solid surfaces. This is a step towards efficient electronic conduction within lipid membranes. We also demonstrate that the PEDOT-S@alkyl-ammonium:lipid hybrid structures created in this work affect ion channels in the membrane of Xenopus oocytes, which shows the possibility to access and control cell membrane structures with conductive polyelectrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik K. Johansson
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
- Current address: National ESCA Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US-98195, United States
| | - David Jullesson
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
- Current address: Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Elfwing
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sara I. Liin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Chiara Musumeci
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Erica Zeglio
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Elinder
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Niclas Solin
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olle Inganäs
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
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36
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Yan H, Catania C, Bazan GC. Membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes: impact on bioelectrochemical systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2958-2973. [PMID: 25846107 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs), molecules that are defined by a π-delocalized backbone and terminal ionic pendant groups, have been previously demonstrated to effectively reduce charge-injection/extraction barriers at metal/organic interfaces in thin-film organic-electronic devices. Recent studies demonstrate a spontaneous affinity of certain COEs to intercalate into, and align within, lipid bilayers in an ordered orientation, thereby allowing modification of membrane properties and the functions of microbes in bioelectrochemical and photosynthetic systems. Several reports have provided evidence of enhanced current generation and bioproduction. Mechanistic approaches suggest that COEs influence microbial extracellular electron transport to abiotic electrode surfaces via more than one proposed pathway, including direct electron transfer and meditated electron transfer. Molecular dynamics simulations as a function of molecular structure suggest that insertion of cationic COEs results in membrane thinning as the lipid phosphate head groups are drawn toward the center of the bilayer. Since variations in molecular structures, especially the length of the conjugated backbone, distribution of ionic groups, and hydrophobic substitutions, show an effect on their antimicrobial properties, preferential cell localization, and microbial selection, it is promising to further design novel membrane-intercalating molecules based on COEs for practical applications, including energy generation, environmental remediation, and antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Chelsea Catania
- Department of Materials, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Department of Materials, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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37
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Hinks J, Poh WH, Chu JJH, Loo JSC, Bazan GC, Hancock LE, Wuertz S. Oligopolyphenylenevinylene-conjugated oligoelectrolyte membrane insertion molecules selectively disrupt cell envelopes of Gram-positive bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:1949-58. [PMID: 25576607 PMCID: PMC4345381 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03355-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of microbial membranes to achieve biotechnological strain improvement with exogenous small molecules, such as oligopolyphenylenevinylene-conjugated oligoelectrolyte (OPV-COE) membrane insertion molecules (MIMs), is an emerging biotechnological field. Little is known about the interactions of OPV-COEs with their target, the bacterial envelope. We studied the toxicity of three previously reported OPV-COEs with a selection of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms and demonstrated that Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to OPV-COEs than Gram-negative bacteria. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that these MIMs disrupt microbial membranes and that this occurred to a much greater degree in Gram-positive organisms. We used a number of mutants to probe the nature of MIM interactions with the microbial envelope but were unable to align the membrane perturbation effects of these compounds to previously reported membrane disruption mechanisms of, for example, cationic antimicrobial peptides. Instead, the data support the notion that OPV-COEs disrupt microbial membranes through a suspected interaction with diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), a major component of Gram-positive membranes. The integrity of model membranes containing elevated amounts of DPG was disrupted to a greater extent by MIMs than those prepared from Escherichia coli total lipid extracts alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Poh
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joachim Say Chye Loo
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Lynn E Hancock
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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38
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Thomas AW, Catania C, Garner LE, Bazan GC. Pendant ionic groups of conjugated oligoelectrolytes govern their ability to intercalate into microbial membranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9294-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01724f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ionic groups of lipid membrane intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes affect their interaction with E. coli and application in microbial fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. W. Thomas
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - C. Catania
- Materials Department
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | | | - G. C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
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39
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Seviour T, Weerachanchai P, Hinks J, Roizman D, Rice SA, Bai L, Lee JM, Kjelleberg S. Solvent optimization for bacterial extracellular matrices: a solution for the insoluble. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids enable solvent optimization for different biofilms through solubility parameter concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Piyarat Weerachanchai
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Dan Roizman
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Scott A. Rice
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS)
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Linlu Bai
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Centre for Marine BioInnovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of New South Wales
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40
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Membrane permeabilization underlies the enhancement of extracellular bioactivity in Shewanella oneidensis by a membrane-spanning conjugated oligoelectrolyte. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9021-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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41
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Kirchhofer ND, Chen X, Marsili E, Sumner JJ, Dahlquist FW, Bazan GC. The conjugated oligoelectrolyte DSSN+ enables exceptional coulombic efficiency via direct electron transfer for anode-respiring Shewanella oneidensis MR-1—a mechanistic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20436-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03197k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm electrochemistry reveals that DSSN+ increases coulombic efficiency by enhancing the native direct electron transfer pathway of S. oneidensis MR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaofen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Enrico Marsili
- Marine and Environmental Sensing Technology Hub
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - James J. Sumner
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory
- Adelphi, USA
| | | | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department of Materials
- University of California
- Santa Barbara, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
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