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Jalal R, Ozel K, Atilgan A, Yildiz A. UV photodetectors based on W-doped ZnO thin films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:265705. [PMID: 38592733 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad373b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
W-doped ZnO thin films deposited on Si substrates with (100) orientation by sol-gel spin coating method at temperature 500 °C. W/Zn atomic ratio varies from 0% to 4%. Then, the UV detection performance analysis ofp-nheterojunction UV photodetectors based on W-doped ZnO/Si is analyzed. The current-voltage curves of W-doped ZnO/Si are investigated in dark and exhibit diode-like rectifying behavior. Among doped ZnO/Si, sample with atomic ratio of W/Zn = 2% is the best candidate to study photodetector characteristics in UV range. The resulting device exhibits a rectification ratioRRof 5587 at ±5 V, a higher responsivity of 3.84 A W-1and a photosensitivity value of 34 at 365 nm under 0.5 mW cm-2. The experimental findings reveal that the UV detection performance of the heterojunction-based photodetectors strongly dependent on the properties of metal oxide layer. The main goal of this work is to investigate the effect of W doping on the performance of ZnO/Si based photodetectors. Based on our results, it is observed that 2 at% of W dopant is the optimum amount of doping for high performance photodetector of ZnO:W/Si heterojunction thanks to the suppressed recombination ratio and enhanced carrier separation properties in the depletion zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jalal
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - K Ozel
- Department of Electrical and Energy, GAMA Vocational School, Ankara University, Ankara, 06120, Turkey
| | - A Atilgan
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - A Yildiz
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
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2
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Lin W, Tang C, Wang F, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Wu Q, Lei S, Zhang Y, Hou J. Building Low-Cost, High-Performance Flexible Photodetector Based on Tetragonal Phase VO 2 (A) Nanorod Networks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6688. [PMID: 37895670 PMCID: PMC10607982 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a straightforward and cost-effective method for the fabrication of flexible photodetectors, utilizing tetragonal phase VO2 (A) nanorod (NR) networks. The devices exhibit exceptional photosensitivity, reproducibility, and stability in ambient conditions. With a 2.0 V bias voltage, the device demonstrates a photocurrent switching gain of 1982% and 282% under irradiation with light at wavelengths of 532 nm and 980 nm, respectively. The devices show a fast photoelectric response with rise times of 1.8 s and 1.9 s and decay times of 1.2 s and 1.7 s for light at wavelengths of 532 nm and 980 nm, respectively. In addition, the device demonstrates exceptional flexibility across large-angle bending and maintains excellent mechanical stability, even after undergoing numerous extreme bending cycles. We discuss the electron transport process within the nanorod networks, and propose a mechanism for the modulation of the barrier height induced by light. These characteristics reveal that the fabricated devices hold the potential to serve as a high-performance flexible photodetector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Lin
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Chaoyang Tang
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Feiyu Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Yiyu Zhu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Qiuqi Wu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuguo Lei
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (W.L.); (C.T.); (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (S.L.)
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3
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Ma S, Dahiya AS, Dahiya R. Out-of-Plane Electronics on Flexible Substrates Using Inorganic Nanowires Grown on High-Aspect-Ratio Printed Gold Micropillars. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2210711. [PMID: 37178312 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-plane or 3D electronics on flexible substrates are an interesting direction that can enable novel solutions such as efficient bioelectricity generation and artificial retina. However, the development of devices with such architectures is limited by the lack of suitable fabrication techniques. Additive manufacturing (AM) can but often fail to provide high-resolution, sub-micrometer 3D architectures. Herein, the optimization of a drop-on-demand (DoD), high-resolution electrohydrodynamic (EHD)-based jet printing method for generating 3D gold (Au) micropillars is reported. Libraries of Au micropillar electrode arrays (MEAs) reaching a maximum height of 196 µm and a maximum aspect ratio of 52 are printed. Further, by combining AM with the hydrothermal growth method, a seedless synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) on the printed Au MEAs is demonstrated. The developed hybrid approach leads to hierarchical light-sensitive NW-connected networks exhibiting favorable ultraviolet (UV) sensing as demonstrated via fabricating flexible photodetectors (PDs). The 3D PDs exhibit an excellent omnidirectional light-absorption ability and thus, maintain high photocurrents over wide light incidence angles (±90°). Lastly, the PDs are tested under both concave and convex bending at 40 mm, showing excellent mechanical flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Ma
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and Sustainable Technologies (BEST) Group, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Li Y, Yin S, Du Y, Zhang H, Chen J, Wang Z, Wang S, Qin Q, Zhou M, Li L. Liquid-metal based flexible a-IZTO ultrathin films for electrical and optical applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16797-16805. [PMID: 36346285 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous indium zinc tin oxide (a-IZTO) is a kind of transparent conductive oxide (TCO), which can be used in transparent electrodes, transistors, and flexible devices. At present, a key limitation of a-IZTO is the costly vacuum manufacturing technology, and its commercial production is also restricted by the complex raw material preparation process. In this article, we report a liquid metal-based van der Waals (vdW) exfoliation technique by which a-IZTO films with several nanometres thickness are fabricated. The a-IZTO films fabricated in ambient air have a size on the centimeter scale and an optical transmittance of 99.64%; they are also large-area flexible oxide films. In order to illustrate the capabilities of this technology, we fabricated thin film transistors (TFTs) and photodetectors based on a-IZTO films. An a-IZTO thin film transistor (TFT) has an on/off ratio of 106. When the Vds is 5 V, the responsivity, detectivity and external quantum efficiency of an a-IZTO photodetector are 7.57 × 104 A W-1, 4.00 × 1015 Jones and 3.68 × 105%, respectively, exhibiting one of the top performances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Shiqi Yin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Yuchen Du
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Jiawang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Shaotian Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Qinggang Qin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
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5
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Alenezi MR, Almeshal AM, Alkhaledi ANFNR. On-substrate fabrication of a self-activated nanostructured ZnO gas sensor. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4481-4489. [PMID: 36341299 PMCID: PMC9595182 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00300g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gaining rational control over bottom-up device fabrication processes is necessary to achieve high-performance devices and overcome technical obstacles. Among these is the need for activation of metal oxide gas sensors (GSs) by an external heating source, which limits their miniaturization and integration. A well-controlled, seedless, and position-selective hydrothermal method to fabricate high-performance self-activated zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-needle (ZNN) GSs directly on a substrate was developed. The morphology and position of the grown ZnO nanostructures were controlled by tuning the substrate coating and growth reaction parameters such as the growth solution concentration and the growth time, as well as introducing capping agents to the growth solution during the growth process. Furthermore, the efficiency of the fabricated device structure was improved and subsequently enhanced its performance substantially. Compared to other fabricated nanostructured ZnO GSs, the on-substrate fabricated bridging ZNN (BZNN) GS demonstrated superior sensitivity and self-activation, which were attributed to the reduction in the sensing material dimensions and ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio, as well as the unique device structure with direct contact between ZnO and Au electrodes. This work paves the way for low cost, large scale, low temperature, seedless and position-selective fabrication of high-performance self-activated nanostructured ZnO GSs on flexible and transparent substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Alenezi
- Science Department, College of Basic Education, PAAET Ardiya Kuwait
- Nanoelectronics Center, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey UK
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Gogoi K, Chattopadhyay A. Surface Engineering of Quantum Dots for Self-Powered Ultraviolet Photodetection and Information Encryption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2668-2676. [PMID: 35164501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate fabrication of photodetectors in the UVC and UVA regions, based on surface engineering of Mn2+-doped ZnS Qdot. Mn2+-doped ZnS Qdot exhibited UVC detection with a responsivity of 0.3 ± 0.02 A·W-1 and detectivity of 1.7 ± 0.2 1011 Jones. Following this, the Qdot was surface modified with 8-hydroxyquinoline 5-sulfonic acid ligand, which resulted in the formation of a bluish green zinc quinolate complex (Zn(QS)2) at the Qdot surface (defined as the quantum dot complex, QDC) exhibiting overall white photoluminescence. The detector developed with QDC as the photoactive material exhibited a responsivity of 0.2 ± 0.02 A·W-1 and detectivity of 1.2 ± 0.2 1011 Jones in the UVA band. This shift in the detection band from UVC in Qdot to UVA in QDC, through the surface complexation mechanism, is a new approach for tuning spectral detection featured in this work. Besides, the self-powered response of both the detectors exhibited attractive photoelectric characteristics. The detectors were incorporated in a portable prototype to show their potential application toward selective UVC and UVA spectral detection. Additionally, the dual-mode emission of the QDC was used for data encryption and decryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Gogoi
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Arun Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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7
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Jiang M, Liu X, Liu M, Zhu R, Li B, Wan P, Shi D, Kan C. Interfacial modulation and plasmonic effect mediated high-brightness green light sources in a single Ga-doped ZnO microwire based heterojunction. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00917j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterostructure manufacturing has been extensively studied as indispensable footstones in the progressive semiconductor optoelectronic devices due to their constituent materials, interfacial states and electronic transport capabilities, thus enabling competitive candidates...
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8
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Khan Z, Alshammari AS, Bouzidi M, Shkir M, Shukla D. Improved optoelectronic performance of sol–gel derived ZnO nanostructured thin films. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Hoffmann RC, Trapp M, Erdem E, Kratzer M, Teichert C, Kleebe H, Schneider JJ. Synthesis and Assembly of Zinc Oxide Microcrystals by a Low‐Temperature Dissolution–Reprecipitation Process: Lessons Learned About Twin Formation in Heterogeneous Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:9319-9329. [PMID: 31916288 PMCID: PMC7496901 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf C. Hoffmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Maximilian Trapp
- Institut für Angewandte GeowissenschaftenTechnische Universität Darmstadt Schnittspahnstrasse 9 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Emre Erdem
- Materials Science and NanoengineeringSabanci University 34956 Tuzla İstanbul Turkey
| | - Markus Kratzer
- Institut für PhysikMontanuniversität Leoben Franz-Josef-Strasse 18 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Christian Teichert
- Institut für PhysikMontanuniversität Leoben Franz-Josef-Strasse 18 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Hans‐Joachim Kleebe
- Institut für Angewandte GeowissenschaftenTechnische Universität Darmstadt Schnittspahnstrasse 9 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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10
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Korotcenkov G. Current Trends in Nanomaterials for Metal Oxide-Based Conductometric Gas Sensors: Advantages and Limitations. Part 1: 1D and 2D Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1392. [PMID: 32708967 PMCID: PMC7407990 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the main uses of 1D and 2D nanomaterials in the development of conductometric gas sensors based on metal oxides. It is shown that, along with the advantages of these materials, which can improve the parameters of gas sensors, there are a number of disadvantages that significantly limit their use in the development of devices designed for the sensor market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenadii Korotcenkov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova
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11
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Boroujerdi R, Abdelkader A, Paul R. State of the Art in Alcohol Sensing with 2D Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:33. [PMID: 34138082 PMCID: PMC7770777 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene, the star among new materials, there has been a surge of attention focused on the monatomic and monomolecular sheets which can be obtained by exfoliation of layered compounds. Such materials are known as two-dimensional (2D) materials and offer enormous versatility and potential. The ultimate single atom, or molecule, thickness of the 2D materials sheets provides the highest surface to weight ratio of all the nanomaterials, which opens the door to the design of more sensitive and reliable chemical sensors. The variety of properties and the possibility of tuning the chemical and surface properties of the 2D materials increase their potential as selective sensors, targeting chemical species that were previously difficult to detect. The planar structure and the mechanical flexibility of the sheets allow new sensor designs and put 2D materials at the forefront of all the candidates for wearable applications. When developing sensors for alcohol, the response time is an essential factor for many industrial and forensic applications, particularly when it comes to hand-held devices. Here, we review recent developments in the applications of 2D materials in sensing alcohols along with a study on parameters that affect the sensing capabilities. The review also discusses the strategies used to develop the sensor along with their mechanisms of sensing and provides a critique of the current limitations of 2D materials-based alcohol sensors and an outlook for the future research required to overcome the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Boroujerdi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Amor Abdelkader
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK.
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Richard Paul
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK.
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12
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Napi MLM, Sultan SM, Ismail R, How KW, Ahmad MK. Electrochemical-Based Biosensors on Different Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: A Review. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12182985. [PMID: 31540160 PMCID: PMC6766311 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors have shown great potential in the medical diagnosis field. The performance of electrochemical biosensors depends on the sensing materials used. ZnO nanostructures play important roles as the active sites where biological events occur, subsequently defining the sensitivity and stability of the device. ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized into four different dimensional formations, which are zero dimensional (nanoparticles and quantum dots), one dimensional (nanorods, nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanowires), two dimensional (nanosheets, nanoflakes, nanodiscs, and nanowalls) and three dimensional (hollow spheres and nanoflowers). The zero-dimensional nanostructures could be utilized for creating more active sites with a larger surface area. Meanwhile, one-dimensional nanostructures provide a direct and stable pathway for rapid electron transport. Two-dimensional nanostructures possess a unique polar surface for enhancing the immobilization process. Finally, three-dimensional nanostructures create extra surface area because of their geometric volume. The sensing performance of each of these morphologies toward the bio-analyte level makes ZnO nanostructures a suitable candidate to be applied as active sites in electrochemical biosensors for medical diagnostic purposes. This review highlights recent advances in various dimensions of ZnO nanostructures towards electrochemical biosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman Mohd Napi
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Mohamed Sultan
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Razali Ismail
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Wei How
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia
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Kiriarachchi H, Abouzeid KM, Bo L, El-Shall MS. Growth Mechanism of Sea Urchin ZnO Nanostructures in Aqueous Solutions and Their Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Organic Dyes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14013-14020. [PMID: 31497719 PMCID: PMC6714608 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the development of a fast and simple route for the synthesis of ZnO sea urchin (SU) nanostructures by the formation and assembly of ZnO nanorods under favorable growth conditions in an aqueous solution. The thermal treatment of a basic zinc acetate solution in ethanol results in the formation of aggregated seed clusters consisting of small ZnO nanorods, which were then grown in a precursor solution containing Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and hexamethylenetetramine to assemble the SU structures from the anisotropic ZnO nanorods on the surface of the seed clusters. Each ZnO nanoparticle in the aggregated seed clusters grew sequentially into a ZnO nanorod, and the nanorods were concentric to the core of the clusters yielding the unique SU-like shape. In the presence of a capping agent such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), the aggregated seed clusters were not formed, and the growth of the CTAB-capped ZnO nanorods resulted in separated rods with average aspect ratios of ∼10. The SU ZnO nanostructures exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and higher specific surface area (26.9 m2/g) than the CTAB-capped nanorods (17.7 m2/g). The SU ZnO nanostructures show superior photocatalytic efficiency for the degradation of three common organic dyes compared to the ZnO nanorods. The removal efficiencies of indigo carmine, methylene blue, and rhodamine B by the SU nanostructures were 99, 86, and 96%, respectively, after 1 h of UV irradiation. Therefore, the ZnO SU structures have the potential to be a versatile photocatalyst for the photodegradation of organic dyes in industrial wastewater.
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14
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Maurya MR, Toutam V. Fast response UV detection based on waveguide characteristics of vertically grown ZnO nanorods partially embedded in anodic alumina template. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:085704. [PMID: 30592259 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO)-based ultraviolet (UV) detector has been fabricated and its photoresponse is studied in an out-of-plane contact configuration. Porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-based deposition method is adopted for the aligned and well-separated growth of ZnO nanorods (NRs). Through-hole in silicon (Si) by modified metal assisted chemical etching is used as a window for the electrochemical deposition of ZnO in the template and for out-of-plane electrical contacts during device analysis. The fabricated photodetector shows a fast response under UV (365 nm) light illumination, with rise and decay times of 31 ± 2 ms and 85 ± 3 ms, respectively. This fast response is analysed in terms of vertical growth and the waveguide nature of ZnO NRs embedded in anodic alumina. These results are further supported by a simulation comparing the electric field distribution of ZnO NR embedded in AAO with that of bare ZnO NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muni Raj Maurya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India. Electrical & Electronics Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
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15
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Noh HW, Jeong SM, Cho J, Hong JI. Ultrahigh photosensitivity of the polar surfaces of single crystalline ZnO nanoplates. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:6801-6805. [PMID: 29561563 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single crystalline ZnO nanoplatelet structures were synthesized via a hydrothermal process on the surface of GaN microparticles. Growth of ZnO seeded on the GaN surface promoted faster growth along the directions within the basal plane of the ZnO crystal structure, resulting in the formation of 2-dimensional nanoplates with a thickness less than a few tens of nanometers at most. Electrical conduction across an individual nanoplate was measured and found to be extremely sensitive to UV illumination and the surrounding atmospheric environment. Such electrical behaviors of the nanoplates were attributed to the dominance of the polar (0001) surfaces and the adsorption and desorption of the ambient gas molecules on these surfaces. Their coupling with conduction electrons near the surface is the critical factor responsible for the highly sensitive electrical properties of the nanoplate. Virtually the entire volume of the nanoplates is under the influence of the surface adsorbed molecules, which changes the electrical properties of the nanoplates extensively, depending on their environmental conditions. Combining the very high photocurrent to dark current ratio and the high effective resistance of the ZnO nanoplates reported in the present study, ultrasensitive photo-devices operating at very low power can be expected with the use of 2-dimensional nanoplates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Noh
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.
| | - Soon Moon Jeong
- Smart Textile Convergence Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Junghyun Cho
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea. and Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Jung-Il Hong
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea. and Research Center for Emerging Materials, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
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16
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Zarifi MH, Wiltshire B, Mahdi N, Kar P, Shankar K, Daneshmand M. Ultraviolet sensing using a TiO 2 nanotube integrated high resolution planar microwave resonator device. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4882-4889. [PMID: 29480301 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06869g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a unique integrated UV light sensing concept and introduces a device with a detection limit of 1.96 nW cm-2. The combination of a high quality factor, a microwave planar resonator (Q ∼ 50 000) with a semiconducting nanomaterial enables a revolutionary potential paradigm for photodetection of low light intensities and small form factors. The presenting device employs a high-resolution microwave microstrip resonator as the signal transducer to convert the variant dielectric properties (permittivity and conductivity) of the nanotube membrane into electrical signals such as the resonant frequency, quality factor and resonant amplitude. The microwave resonator has an active feedback loop to improve the initial quality factor of the resonator from 200 to 50 000 and leads to boosting of the sensing resolution by orders of magnitude. Anatase TiO2 nanotubes are assembled on the surface of the microwave resonator. Upon exposure to UV light, electron-hole pair generation, trapping and recombination in the nanotubes are exploited as a unique signature to quantify the UV light intensity. The change of dielectric properties of the nanotube membrane is monitored using the underlying active microwave resonator. The proposed concept enables the detection and monitoring of UV light at high resolution, with very small exposure power and integrated form factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Zarifi
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada V1V 1V7.
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17
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Shaikh AF, Arbuj SS, Tamboli MS, Naik SD, Rane SB, Kale BB. ZnSe/ZnO Nano-Heterostructures for Enhanced Solar Light Hydrogen Generation. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asiya F. Shaikh
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET); Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India; Panchawati, Off Pashan Road Pune- 411008 India
| | - Sudhir S. Arbuj
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET); Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India; Panchawati, Off Pashan Road Pune- 411008 India
| | - Mohaseen S. Tamboli
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET); Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India; Panchawati, Off Pashan Road Pune- 411008 India
- Department of Physics; Savitribai Phule Pune University; Pune- 411007 India
| | - Sonali D. Naik
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET); Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India; Panchawati, Off Pashan Road Pune- 411008 India
| | - Sunit B. Rane
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET); Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India; Panchawati, Off Pashan Road Pune- 411008 India
| | - Bharat B. Kale
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET); Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India; Panchawati, Off Pashan Road Pune- 411008 India
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18
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Zeng D, Yang Y, Yang F, Guo F, Yang S, Liu B, Hao S, Ren Y. Versatile NiO/mesoporous carbon nanodisks: controlled synthesis from hexagon shaped heterobimetallic metal-organic frameworks. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11851-11857. [PMID: 28799604 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal NiO/mesoporous carbon nanodisks (NiO/MCN) are facilely and controllably synthesized via constructing nickel-zinc trimesic acid heterobimetallic metal-organic framework (HMOF) disks before pyrolysis at 910 °C. Tailoring the Ni/(Zn + Ni) feed ratio and the reaction time during the HMOF synthesis creates a well-defined hexagonal carbon nanodisk with properly populated NiO nanocrystals while maintaining high porosity and conductivity. Such an elaborately fabricated NiO/MCN is highly stable, and exhibits the largest specific capacitance of 261 F g-1 and the highest specific activity factor of 1.93 s-1 g-1 of any composite nanodisk during the capacitive test and 4-nitrophenol reduction, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping, Beijing 102249, China.
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19
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Nasiri N, Bo R, Fu L, Tricoli A. Three-dimensional nano-heterojunction networks: a highly performing structure for fast visible-blind UV photodetectors. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2059-2067. [PMID: 28116395 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Visible-blind ultraviolet photodetectors are a promising emerging technology for the development of wide bandgap optoelectronic devices with greatly reduced power consumption and size requirements. A standing challenge is to improve the slow response time of these nanostructured devices. Here, we present a three-dimensional nanoscale heterojunction architecture for fast-responsive visible-blind UV photodetectors. The device layout consists of p-type NiO clusters densely packed on the surface of an ultraporous network of electron-depleted n-type ZnO nanoparticles. This 3D structure can detect very low UV light densities while operating with a near-zero power consumption of ca. 4 × 10-11 watts and a low bias of 0.2 mV. Most notably, heterojunction formation decreases the device rise and decay times by 26 and 20 times, respectively. These drastic enhancements in photoresponse dynamics are attributed to the stronger surface band bending and improved electron-hole separation of the nanoscale NiO/ZnO interface. These findings demonstrate a superior structural design and a simple, low-cost CMOS-compatible process for the engineering of high-performance wearable photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Nasiri
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
| | - Renheng Bo
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
| | - Lan Fu
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
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20
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On-chip fabrication of high performance nanostructured ZnO UV detectors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8516. [PMID: 25687120 PMCID: PMC4330536 DOI: 10.1038/srep08516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing rationally controlled bottom-up device fabrication processes is essential for the achievement of high performance optimal devices. We report a controlled, seedless and site-selective hydrothermal technique to fabricate high-performance nanostructured ZnO UV-detectors directly on-chip. We demonstrate that by controlling the nanowire growth process, via tuning the experimental parameters such as the concentration of reactants and the growth time, and by introducing a refresh of the growth solution, the device structure efficiency can be enhanced to significantly improve its performance. The on-chip fabricated bridging nanosyringe ultraviolet detector demonstrates improved sensitivity (~10(5)), nanowatts detectability, and ultrafast response-time (90 ms) and recovery-time (210 ms). The improvement in response-time and recovery-time is attributed to the unique nanowire-nanowire junction barrier dominated resistance and the direct contact between ZnO and Au electrodes. Furthermore, the enhanced sensitivity and nanowatts detectability of the bridging nanosyringe device are due to the reduction in dimensionality and ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio. This work paves the way toward low cost, large scale, low temperature, seedless and site-selective fabrication of high performance ZnO nanowire sensors on flexible and transparent substrates.
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21
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Baranowska-Korczyc A, Sobczak K, Dłużewski P, Reszka A, Kowalski BJ, Kłopotowski Ł, Elbaum D, Fronc K. Facile synthesis of core/shell ZnO/ZnS nanofibers by electrospinning and gas-phase sulfidation for biosensor applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:24029-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a new method of passivating ZnO nanofiber-based devices with a ZnS layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Sobczak
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- PL-02668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Piotr Dłużewski
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- PL-02668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Anna Reszka
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- PL-02668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | | | - Danek Elbaum
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- PL-02668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fronc
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- PL-02668 Warsaw
- Poland
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22
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Alenezi MR, Alzanki TH, Almeshal AM, Alshammari AS, Beliatis MJ, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. A model for the impact of the nanostructure size on its gas sensing properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19404k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The size of a metal oxide nanostructure plays a key role in its performance as a gas sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Alenezi
- College
- of Technological Studies
- Public Authority for Applied Education and Training
- Shuwaikh
- Kuwait
| | - T. H. Alzanki
- College
- of Technological Studies
- Public Authority for Applied Education and Training
- Shuwaikh
- Kuwait
| | - A. M. Almeshal
- College
- of Technological Studies
- Public Authority for Applied Education and Training
- Shuwaikh
- Kuwait
| | - A. S. Alshammari
- Department of Physics
- College of Science
- University of Hail
- Hail
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. J. Beliatis
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
- Technical University of Denmark
- 4000 Roskilde
- Denmark
| | - S. J. Henley
- Nanoelectronics Center
- Advanced Technology Institute
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - S. R. P. Silva
- Nanoelectronics Center
- Advanced Technology Institute
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
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23
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Pal S, Maiti S, Maiti UN, Chattopadhyay KK. Spontaneous hyper-branching in ZnO nanostructures: morphology dependent electron emission and light detection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and intrinsic defect-induced electron field emission and photodetection are monitored in ZnO nanoforms with assorted morphology prepared in ambient conditions via a facile wet chemical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Pal
- Thin Films and Nanoscience Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Soumen Maiti
- Thin Films and Nanoscience Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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24
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Li C, Lin Y, Li F, Zhu L, Sun D, Shen L, Chen Y, Ruan S. Hexagonal ZnO nanorings: synthesis, formation mechanism and trimethylamine sensing properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ZnO nanorings are synthesized by the Ostwald ripening of ZnO nanoplates and the porous film formed by ZnO nanorings shows an excellent trimethylamine-sensing property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
| | - Linghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
| | - Dongming Sun
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Shengping Ruan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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25
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Alenezi MR, Alzanki TH, Almeshal AM, Alshammari AS, Beliatis MJ, Henley SJ, Silva SRP. Hierarchically designed ZnO nanostructure based high performance gas sensors. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced gas sensing properties of ZnO were achieved by designing hierarchical nanostructures with high surface-to-volume ratios and more exposed polar facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Alenezi
- College of Technological Studies
- Public Authority for Applied Education and Training
- , Kuwait
| | - T. H. Alzanki
- College of Technological Studies
- Public Authority for Applied Education and Training
- , Kuwait
| | - A. M. Almeshal
- College of Technological Studies
- Public Authority for Applied Education and Training
- , Kuwait
| | - A. S. Alshammari
- Department of Physics
- College of Science
- University of Hail
- Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. J. Beliatis
- Nanoelectronics Center
- Advanced Technology Institute
- University of Surrey
- Guildford, UK
| | - S. J. Henley
- Nanoelectronics Center
- Advanced Technology Institute
- University of Surrey
- Guildford, UK
| | - S. R. P. Silva
- Nanoelectronics Center
- Advanced Technology Institute
- University of Surrey
- Guildford, UK
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