Biomaterial-based scaffolds for direct in situ programming of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes

Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) has generated exciting clinical trial results for the treatment of unresectable solid tumors. However, solid tumors remain difficult targets for adoptively transferred T cells, due in part to poor migration of TILs to the tumor, physical barriers to infiltration, and active suppression of TILs by the tumor. Furthermore, a highly skilled team is required to obtain tumor tissue, isolate and expand the TILs ex vivo, and reinfuse them into the patient, which drives up costs and limits patient access. Here, we describe a cell-free polymer implant designed to recruit, genetically reprogram and expand host T cells at tumor lesions in situ. Importantly, the scaffold can be fabricated on a large scale and is stable to lyophilization. Using a mouse breast cancer model, we show that the implants quickly and efficiently amass cancer-specific host lymphocytes at the tumor site in quantities sufficient to bring about long-term tumor regression. Given that surgical care is the mainstay of cancer treatment for many patients, this technology could be easily implemented in a clinical setting as an add-on to surgery for solid tumors. Furthermore, the approach could be broadened to recruit and genetically reprogram other therapeutically desirable host cells, such as macrophages, natural killer cells or dendritic cells, potentially boosting the antitumor effectiveness of the implant even more.

MS²-GNN: Exploring GNN-Based Multimodal Fusion Network for Depression Detection

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common and severe mental illnesses, posing a huge burden on society and families. Recently, some multimodal methods have been proposed to learn a multimodal embedding for MDD detection and achieved promising performance. However, these methods ignore the heterogeneity/homogeneity among various modalities. Besides, earlier attempts ignore interclass separability and intraclass compactness. Inspired by the above observations, we propose a graph neural network (GNN)-based multimodal fusion strategy named modal-shared modal-specific GNN, which investigates the heterogeneity/homogeneity among various psychophysiological modalities as well as explores the potential relationship between subjects. Specifically, we develop a modal-shared and modal-specific GNN architecture to extract the inter/intramodal characteristics. Furthermore, a reconstruction network is employed to ensure fidelity within the individual modality. Moreover, we impose an attention mechanism on various embeddings to obtain a multimodal compact representation for the subsequent MDD detection task. We conduct extensive experiments on two public depression datasets and the favorable results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Effects of remittances on life expectancy and under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence using Generalized Method of Moments analysis

The study examined the relationship between financial remittances and health outcomes in 45 sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) using data obtained from the World Development Indicator (WDI) over the period 1990 to 2021. Because of the issue of endogeneity, the System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) was adopted to analyze the impact of remittances on life expectancy and infant mortality respectively. The results showed that contrary to expectations, remittances did not significantly improve life expectancy and infant mortality rate in SSA. The life expectancy in the previous year, has a statically significant impact on life expectancy at birth for the current year. Also, the lagged value of infant mortality rate significantly increased under five mortality. Therefore, the study recommends that governments in SSA sub-region should evolve policies aimed at guiding recipients of remittances towards effective utilization with a view to improving social welfare and health outcomes.

Few-Shot Partial Multi-View Learning

It is often the case that data are with multiple views in real-world applications. Fully exploring the information of each view is significant for making data more representative. However, due to various limitations and failures in data collection and pre-processing, it is inevitable for real data to suffer from view missing and data scarcity. The coexistence of these two issues makes it more challenging to achieve the pattern classification task. Currently, to our best knowledge, few appropriate methods can well-handle these two issues simultaneously. Aiming to draw more attention from the community to this challenge, we propose a new task in this paper, called few-shot partial multi-view learning, which focuses on overcoming the negative impact of the view-missing issue in the low-data regime. The challenges of this task are twofold: (i) it is difficult to overcome the impact of data scarcity under the interference of missing views; (ii) the limited number of data exacerbates information scarcity, thus making it harder to address the view-missing issue in turn. To address these challenges, we propose a new unified Gaussian dense-anchoring method. The unified dense anchors are learned for the limited partial multi-view data, thereby anchoring them into a unified dense representation space where the influence of data scarcity and view missing can be alleviated. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our method. The results on Cub-googlenet-doc2vec, Handwritten, Caltech102, Scene15, Animal, ORL, tieredImagenet, and Birds-200-2011 datasets validate its effectiveness. The codes will be released at https://github.com/zhouyuan888888/UGDA.

A scATAC-seq atlas of chromatin accessibility in axolotl brain regions

Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is an excellent model for investigating regeneration, the interaction between regenerative and developmental processes, comparative genomics, and evolution. The brain, which serves as the material basis of consciousness, learning, memory, and behavior, is the most complex and advanced organ in axolotl. The modulation of transcription factors is a crucial aspect in determining the function of diverse regions within the brain. There is, however, no comprehensive understanding of the gene regulatory network of axolotl brain regions. Here, we utilized single-cell ATAC sequencing to generate the chromatin accessibility landscapes of 81,199 cells from the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon, hypothalamus and pituitary, and the rhombencephalon. Based on these data, we identified key transcription factors specific to distinct cell types and compared cell type functions across brain regions. Our results provide a foundation for comprehensive analysis of gene regulatory programs, which are valuable for future studies of axolotl brain development, regeneration, and evolution, as well as on the mechanisms underlying cell-type diversity in vertebrate brains.

Preparation and Characterization of Bio-Based PLA/PEG/g-C3N4 Low-Temperature Composite Phase Change Energy Storage Materials

As energy and environmental issues become more prominent, people must find sustainable, green development paths. Bio-based polymeric phase change energy storage materials provide solutions to cope with these problems. Therefore, in this paper, a fully degradable polyethylene glycol (PEG20000)/polylactic acid (PLA)/g-C₃N₄ composite phase change energy storage material (CPCM) was obtained by confinement. The CPCM was characterized by FTIR and SEM for compatibility, XRD and nanoindentation for mechanical properties and DSC, LFA, and TG for thermal properties. The results showed that the CPCM was physical co-mingling; when PLA: PEG: g-C₃N₄ was 6:3:1, the consistency was good. PEG destroys the crystallization of PLA and causes the hardness to decrease. When PLA: PEG: g-C₃N₄ was 6: 3: 1, it had a maximum hardness of 0.137 GPa. The CPCM had a high latent enthalpy, and endothermic and exothermic enthalpies of 106.1 kJ/kg and 80.05 kJ/kg for the PLA: PEG: g-C₃N₄ of 3: 6: 1. The CPCM showed an increased thermal conductivity compared to PLA, reaching 0.30 W/(m·K),0.32 W/(m·K) when PLA: PEG: g-C₃N₄ was 6: 3: 1 and when PLA: PEG: g-C₃N₄ was 3: 6: 1, respectively. Additionally, the CPCM was stable within 250 °C, indicating a wide appliable temperature range. The CPCM can be applied to solar thermal power generation, transportation, and building construction.

Single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling of cell-state-specific gene regulatory programs during mouse organogenesis

In mammals, early organogenesis begins soon after gastrulation, accompanied by specification of various type of progenitor/precusor cells. In order to reveal dynamic chromatin landscape of precursor cells and decipher the underlying molecular mechanism driving early mouse organogenesis, we performed single-cell ATAC-seq of E8.5-E10.5 mouse embryos. We profiled a total of 101,599 single cells and identified 41 specific cell types at these stages. Besides, by performing integrated analysis of scATAC-seq and public scRNA-seq data, we identified the critical cis-regulatory elements and key transcription factors which drving development of spinal cord and somitogenesis. Furthermore, we intersected accessible peaks with human diseases/traits-related loci and found potential clinical associated single nucleotide variants (SNPs). Overall, our work provides a fundamental source for understanding cell fate determination and revealing the underlying mechanism during postimplantation embryonic development, and expand our knowledge of pathology for human developmental malformations.

A novel computational method enables RNA editome profiling during human hematopoiesis from scRNA-seq data

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification with a cell-specific manner and important biological implications. Although single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is an effective method for studying cellular heterogeneity, it is difficult to detect and study RNA editing events from scRNA-seq data because of the low sequencing coverage. To overcome this, we develop a computational method to systematically identify RNA editing sites of cell types from scRNA-seq data. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we apply it to scRNA-seq data of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) with an annotated lineage differentiation relationship according to previous research and study the impacts of RNA editing on hematopoiesis. The dynamic editing patterns reveal the relevance of RNA editing on different HSPCs. For example, four microRNA (miRNA) target sites on 3' UTR of EIF2AK2 are edited across all HSPC populations, which may abolish the miRNA-mediated inhibition of EIF2AK2. Elevated EIF2AK2 may thus activate the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway to initiate global translational attenuation as a protective mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis during HSPCs' differentiation. Besides, our findings also indicate that RNA editing plays an essential role in the coordination of lineage commitment and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Taken together, we demonstrate the capacity of scRNA-seq data to exploit RNA editing events of cell types, and find that RNA editing may exert multiple modules of regulation in hematopoietic processes.

[Expression and clinical significance of plasma methylated SEPT 9 gene in patients with primary liver cancer]

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of plasma methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) gene in patients with primary liver cancer. Methods: 393 cases who visited our hospital from May 2016 to October 2018 were selected. Among them, 75 cases were in the primary liver cancer (PLC) group, 50 cases were in the liver cirrhosis (LC) group, and 268 cases were in the healthy control group (HC). The three groups' positive rates of mSEPT9 expression in the peripheral plasma were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fluorescent probe method. The correlational clinical features of liver cancer were analyzed. At the same time, the electrochemiluminescence detection method was used to compare the AFP positive rate. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square tests or continuity-corrected chi-square tests. Results: 367 cases actually had valid samples. There were 64, 42, and 64 cases in the liver cancer group, cirrhosis group, and healthy control group, respectively. Among them, 34 cases of liver cancer were verified from pathological tissues. The positive rate of plasma mSEPT9 was significantly higher in the liver cancer group than that in the liver cirrhosis and healthy control groups [76.6% (49/64), 35.7% (15/42), and 3.8% (10/261), respectively], and the differences were statistically significant (χ (2) = 176.017, P < 0.001). The sensitivity of plasma mSEPT9 detection (76.6%) was significantly better in liver cancer (76.6%) than that of AFP patients (54.7%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ (2) = 6.788, P < 0.01). Compared with the single detection, the sensitivity and specificity of plasma mSEPT9 combined with AFP were significantly improved (89.7% vs. 96.3%, respectively). Patients with liver cancer aged≥50 years, with clinical stage II or above, and those with pathological signs of moderate to low differentiation had higher levels of plasma mSEPT9 positive expression, and the differences were statistically significant (χ (2) = 6.41, 9.279, 6.332, P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, the survival time of liver cancer patients with positive plasma mSEPT9 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with negative expression (310 ± 26 days vs. 487 ± 59 days, respectively), with statistically significant differences (Log Rank P = 0.039). Conclusion: In China, the positive rate of plasma mSEPT9 detection in liver cancer patients is higher than that of AFP in relation to age, clinical stage, and degree of tissue differentiation; additionally, it has certain survival predictive values. As a result, detecting this gene has important clinical significance and potential clinical application value in the non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis assessment of patients with primary liver cancer.

Effect of antioxidant procyanidin b2 (pcb2) on ovine oocyte developmental potential in response to in vitro maturation (ivm) and vitrification stress

BACKGROUND

It was demonstrated that external stress, such as in vitro maturation (IVM) and vitrification process can induce significantly reduced development capacity in oocytes. Previous studies indicated that antioxidants play a pivotal part in the acquisition of adaptation in changed conditions. At present, the role of the natural potent antioxidant PCB2 in response to IVM and vitrification during ovine oocyte manipulation has not been explored.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether PCB2 treatment could improve the developmental potential of ovine oocytes under IVM and vitrification stimuli.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The experiment was divided into two parts. Firstly, the effect of PCB2 on the development of oocytes during IVM was evaluated. Un-supplemented and 5 ug per mL PCB2-supplemented in the IVM solution were considered as control and experimental groups (C + 5 ug per mL PCB2). The polar body extrusion (PBE) rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and early apoptosis of oocytes were measured after IVM. Secondly, we further determine whether PCB2 could improve oocyte quality under vitrification stress. The survival rate, PBE rate and early apoptosis of oocytes were compared between fresh group, vitrified group and 5 ug per mL PCB2-supplemented in the IVM solution after vitrification (V + 5 ug per mL PCB2).

RESULTS

Compared to the control group, adding PCB2 significantly increased PBE rate (79.4% vs. 62.8%, P < 0.01) and MMP level (1.9 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.04, P < 0.01), and decreased ROS level (47.1 +/- 6.3 vs. 145.3 +/- 8.9, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in ATP content and early apoptosis. Compared to the fresh group, vitrification significantly reduced oocytes viability (43.0% vs. 90.8%, P < 0.01) as well as PBE rate (24.2% vs. 60.6%, P < 0.05). However, 5 ug per mL PCB2-supplemention during maturation had no effect on survival, PBE or early apoptosis in vitrified oocytes.

CONCLUSION

PCB2 could effectively antagonise the oxidative stress during IVM and promote oocyte development. DOI: 10.54680/fr23210110412.

Ru Single Atoms on One-Dimensional CF@g-C3N4 Hierarchy as Highly Stable Catalysts for Aqueous Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation

Herein, we report a stable catalyst with Ru single atoms anchored on a one-dimensional carbon fiber@graphitic carbon nitride hierarchy, by assembling wet wipes composed of fiber-derived carbon fiber (CF), melamine-derived graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and RuCl3 before NaBH4 reduction. The atomically dispersed Ru species (3.0 wt%) are tightly attached via N-coordination provided by exterior g-C3N4 nanosheets, and further stabilized by the interior mesoporous CF. The obtained CF@g-C3N4-Ru SAs catalyst can be cycled six times without notable leaching of Ru or loss of GVL yield in the acidic media. This catalyst is more stable than Ru nanoparticles supported on CF@g-C3N4, as well as Ru single atoms anchored on CF and g-C3N4, and proves to be one of the most efficient metal catalysts for aqueous LA hydrogenation to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The isolated Ru atoms by strong N-coordination, and their enhanced electron/mass transfer afforded by the one-dimensional hierarchy, can be responsible for the excellent durability of CF@g-C3N4-Ru SAs under harsh reaction conditions.

Chromosomal-level genome of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) provides resources for L-DOPA synthetic research and development

Mucuna pruriens, commonly called velvet bean, is the main natural source of levodopa (L-DOPA), which has been marketed as a psychoactive drug for the clinical management of Parkinson’s disease and dopamine-responsive dystonia. Although velvet bean is a very important plant species for food and pharmaceutical manufacturing, the lack of genetic and genomic information about this species severely hinders further molecular research thereon and biotechnological development. Here, we reported the first velvet bean genome, with a size of 500.49 Mb and 11 chromosomes encoding 28,010 proteins. Genomic comparison among legume species indicated that velvet bean speciated ∼29 Ma from soybean clade, without specific genome duplication. Importantly, we identified 21 polyphenol oxidase coding genes that catalyse l-tyrosine to L-DOPA in velvet bean, and two subfamilies showing tandem expansion on Chr3 and Chr7 after speciation. Interestingly, disease-resistant and anti-pathogen gene families were found contracted in velvet bean, which might be related to the expansion of polyphenol oxidase. Our study generated a high-quality genomic reference for velvet bean, an economically important agricultural and medicinal plant, and the newly reported L-DOPA biosynthetic genes could provide indispensable information for the biotechnological and sustainable development of an environment-friendly L-DOPA biosynthesis processing method.

[Factors analysis of worsening renal function in patients with acute right ventricular myocardial infarction during hospitalization]

Objective: To analyze the related factors of worsening renal function (WRF) in patients with acute right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) during hospitalization. Methods: A total of 98 patients with acute RVMI admitted to the emergency comprehensive ward of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from August 2011 to January 2020 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. According to the situation of WRF, the patients were divided into non-WRF group (76 cases) and WRF group (22 cases). WRF was defined as ≥0.3 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine level from baseline on day 6 of hospitalization (if hospital stay<6 days, it was at discharge). Baseline data, intravenous fluid infusion, diuretic and significant positive balance of patients' intake and output volume [any 24 h intakes and outputs ≥1 000 ml or any consecutive 72 h intakes and outputs ≥2 000 ml within 6 d of hospitalization (if hospitalization<6 d, it was from admission to discharge)] were obtained, and the differences of above indicators between the two groups were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of WRF. Results: The ages of patients in WRF group and non-WRF group were 60 (50, 68) and 63 (52, 72) years, and the male proportions were 63.6% (14 cases) and 76.3% (58 cases), respectively, and there was no significant difference (all P>0.05). The proportion of positive balance was 31.8% (7 cases) in WRF group, which was higher than 14.5% (11 cases) in non-WRF group (P=0.034). The rate of loop diuretic use in WRF group was 4.5% (1 case), lower than that in non-WRF group 10.5% (8 cases) (P=0.027). After adjusting for age, sex, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), preoperative isoproterenol/temporary pacemaker/atropine use, significant positive balance of intake and output volume, and loop diuretic use, it was found that eGFR≥60 ml·min^-1·1.73 m^-2 and significant positive balance were associated with WRF, the OR (95%CI) were 0.71 (0.62-0.86) and 1.21 (1.02-1.43) (both P<0.05); After eliminating the variable of significant positive balance in the above model, loop diuretic use was found to be a correlation factor for WRF, with an OR (95%CI) of 0.89 (0.72-0.97) (P<0.05). Conclusions: Significant positive balance of intake and output volume during hospitalization in patients with acute RVMI is a risk factor for WRF on day 6 or at discharge. In the presence of a significant positive balance, loop diuretic use is a protective factor for WRF.

[Clinical phenotype analysis of 6 cases of TTC21B gene related nephronophthisis]

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of 6 children with TTC21B-related nephronophthisis to provide reference for early clinical diagnosis. Methods: The general condition, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and other clinical data of 6 children from 4 families diagnosed with nephronophthisis by genetic testing in Shanghai Children's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 6 children (3 males and 3 females) developed proteinuria and progressive renal dysfunction in early infancy. The onset age of proteinuria was 18 (6, 25) months. The age at the onset of renal impairment was 22 (10, 36) months. All 6 children progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within 10 (4, 65) months of onset. Five children had hypertension, 3 children with abnormal liver function, 2 children with visceral translocation and 1 child with growth retardation. The genetic results suggested that all children carried variations TTC21B gene p.C518R. Conclusions: Children with TTC21B gene p.C518R nephronophthisis had proteinuria and progressed to ESRD at the early stage of life. These nephronophthisis patients commonly presented with liver and renal dysfunction.

Differentiated Explanation of Deep Neural Networks With Skewed Distributions

Over the last decade, deep neural networks (DNNs) are regarded as black-box methods, and their decisions are criticized for the lack of explainability. Existing attempts based on local explanations offer each input a visual saliency map, where the supporting features that contribute to the decision are emphasized with high relevance scores. In this paper, we improve the saliency map based on differentiated explanations, of which the saliency map not only distinguishes the supporting features from backgrounds but also shows the different degrees of importance of the various parts within the supporting features. To do this, we propose to learn a differentiated relevance estimator called DRE, where a carefully-designed distribution controller is introduced to guide the relevance scores towards right-skewed distributions. DRE can be directly optimized under pure classification losses, enabling higher faithfulness of explanations and avoiding non-trivial hyper-parameter tuning. The experimental results on three real-world datasets demonstrate that our differentiated explanations significantly improve the faithfulness with high explainability. Our code and trained models are available at https://github.com/fuweijie/DRE.

Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball-patterned arrays

Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between resolution, gene capture, and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays and in situ RNA capture to create spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high sensitivity the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation during mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity and cell fate specification in developing tissues such as the dorsal midbrain. Our panoramic atlas will facilitate in-depth investigation of longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development.

Hierarchical Prototype Refinement With Progressive Inter-Categorical Discrimination Maximization for Few-Shot Learning

Metric-based few-shot learning categorizes unseen query instances by measuring their distance to the categories appearing in the given support set. To facilitate distance measurement, prototypes are used to approximate the representations of categories. However, we find prototypical representations are generally not discriminative enough to represent the discrepancy of inter-categorical distribution of queries, thereby limiting the classification accuracy. To overcome this issue, we propose a new Progressive Hierarchical-Refinement (PHR) method, which effectively refines the discrimination of prototypes by conducting the Progressive Discrimination Maximization strategy based on the hierarchical feature representations. Specifically, we first encode supports and queries into the representation space of spatial level, global level, and semantic level. Then, the refining coefficients are constructed by exploring the metric information contained in these hierarchical embedding spaces simultaneously. Under the guidance of the refining coefficients, the meta-refining loss progressively maximizes the discrimination degree of inter-categorical prototypical representations. In addition, the refining vectors are adopted to further enhance the representations of prototypes. In this way, the metric-based classification can be more accurate. Our PHR method shows the competitive performance on the miniImagenet, CIFAR-FS, FC100, and CUB datasets. Moreover, PHR presents good compatibility. It can be incorporated with other few-shot learning models, making them more accurate.

The single-cell stereo-seq reveals region-specific cell subtypes and transcriptome profiling in Arabidopsis leaves

Understanding the complex functions of plant leaves requires a thorough characterization of discrete cell features. Although single-cell gene expression profiling technologies have been developed, their application in characterizing cell subtypes has not been achieved yet. Here, we present scStereo-seq (single-cell spatial enhanced resolution omics sequencing) that enabled us to show the bona fide single-cell spatial transcriptome profiles of Arabidopsis leaves. Subtle but significant transcriptomic differences between upper and lower epidermal cells have been successfully distinguished. Furthermore, we discovered cell-type-specific gene expression gradients from the main vein to the leaf edge, which led to the finding of distinct spatial developmental trajectories of vascular cells and guard cells. Our study showcases the importance of physical locations of individual cells for exerting complex biological functions in plants and demonstrates that scStereo-seq is a powerful tool to integrate single-cell location and transcriptome information for plant biology study.

Real-Time Semantic Segmentation via Spatial-Detail Guided Context Propagation

Nowadays, vision-based computing tasks play an important role in various real-world applications. However, many vision computing tasks, e.g., semantic segmentation, are usually computationally expensive, posing a challenge to the computing systems that are resource-constrained but require fast response speed. Therefore, it is valuable to develop accurate and real-time vision processing models that only require limited computational resources. To this end, we propose the spatial-detail guided context propagation network (SGCPNet) for achieving real-time semantic segmentation. In SGCPNet, we propose the strategy of spatial-detail guided context propagation. It uses the spatial details of shallow layers to guide the propagation of the low-resolution global contexts, in which the lost spatial information can be effectively reconstructed. In this way, the need for maintaining high-resolution features along the network is freed, therefore largely improving the model efficiency. On the other hand, due to the effective reconstruction of spatial details, the segmentation accuracy can be still preserved. In the experiments, we validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed SGCPNet model. On the Cityscapes dataset, for example, our SGCPNet achieves 69.5% mIoU segmentation accuracy, while its speed reaches 178.5 FPS on 768 x 1536 images on a GeForce GTX 1080 Ti GPU card. In addition, SGCPNet is very lightweight and only contains 0.61 M parameters. The code will be released at https://github.com/zhouyuan888888/SGCPNet.

[Application of bionics in spinal surgery]

Spinal bionic therapy is the application of bionics concept, by imitating the natural anatomical structure and physiological function of the spine, to treat spinal diseases using various modern technology, materials and equipment .How to repair or preserve the anatomical structure and function of spine to the maximum extent while treating spinal diseases is an important content of spinal bionic therapy.Firstly, the use of movable spinal implants not only preserves the spinal mobility function to a certain extent, reduces the degeneration of adjacent segments, but also reduces the incidence of internal fixation fracture and improves the long-term efficacy.Secondly, with the help of the development of three dimensional printing technology, personalized artificial prostheses can be made to fill the spinal structure with complex defects, and biological scaffolds and functional prostheses with anti-tumor drugs can not only realize the biomimetic and functional spine anatomy, but also become a multiplier of the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs.Thirdly, in the design and manufacture of spinal orthopaedic braces, computer aided design and manufacturing technology can make spinal orthopaedic braces more comfortable with better orthopaedic effect and ergonomic characteristics.How to apply bionics concepts and relate technologies to spinal surgery have not been determined yet, and no relevant diagnosis and treatment guidelines have been formulated.It is foreseeable that with the continuous development of medical technology, the content of spinal bionic therapy will be gradually enriched and improved, and become a powerful measure to overcome difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal surgery diseases.

BiTE secretion from in situ-programmed myeloid cells results in tumor-retained pharmacology

Bispecific T-Cell Engagers (BiTEs) are effective at inducing remission in hematologic cancers, but their use in solid tumors has been challenging due to their extreme potency and on-target, off-tumor toxicities in healthy tissue. Their deployment against solid tumors is further complicated by insufficient drug penetration, a hostile tumor microenvironment, and immune escape. To address these challenges, we developed targeted nanocarriers that can deliver in vitro-transcribed mRNA encoding BiTEs to host myeloid cells – a cell type that is actively recruited into the tumor microenvironment. We demonstrate in an immunocompetent mouse model of ovarian cancer, that infusion of these nanoparticles directs BiTE expression to tumor sites, which reshapes the microenvironment from suppressive to permissive and triggers disease regression without systemic toxicity. In contrast, conventional injections of recombinant BiTE protein at doses required to achieve anti-tumor activity, induced systemic inflammatory responses and severe tissue damage in all treated animals. Implemented in the clinic, this in situ gene therapy could enable physicians – with a single therapeutic – to safely target tumor antigen that would otherwise not be druggable due to the risks of on-target toxicity and, at the same time, reset the tumor milieu to boost key mediators of antitumor immune responses.

[Analysis of the factors influencing the elimination strategies with the current status of diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C in hospital]

Objective: To understand the current status of screening, diagnosis, and treatment and analyze the factors influencing micro-elimination strategy, so as to achieve hepatitis C elimination in hospital. Methods: Anti-HCV and HCV RNA test results of patients from October 2017 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Anti-HCV positive rates and factors influencing different genders, ages, places of residence and departments were analyzed. After comparing anti-HCV-positive patients with HCV RNA-positive patients with duplicate entries in "Name" and "Date of birth", the data were divided into three categories: anti-HCV positive without HCV RNA test, HCV RNA positive in single test, and HCV RNA positive many times in multiple tests. The above three types of patients were followed-up by telephone. According to the hospital follow-up results, current status of diagnosis and treatment and the factors influencing the micro-elimination strategy of hepatitis C were studied and analyzed. The comparison of data between groups were performed using χ(2) or χ(2) continuity-correction test. Results: Anti-HCV positive detection rate was 1.34% (899/66 866). The positive rate of male patients aged 40 and over residing in cities was significantly higher than female patients under 40 years old residing in rural areas, and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 55.178, 264.11, 36, 351, P < 0.05). There were 90 (10.02%) and 809 cases (89.98%) in outpatient and inpatient departments, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two (χ(2) = 0.002, P > 0.05). The total number of anti-HCV positive cases were 196 in Gastroenterology (22.0%), 75 in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (8.3%), 74 in Neurology (8.2%), 63 in Orthopedics (7.0%) and 55 in Endocrinology departments (6.1%), and the difference in the positive rate among different departments were also statistically significant (χ(2) = 271.585, P < 0.05). Among the 480 cases who were followed-up, 215 (44.79%) were lost to follow-up, 84 cases (39.07%) were unregistered, 77 cases (16.04%) were untreated, 15 cases (19.48%) were unaware of their state of illness, 46 cases (59.74%) were diagnosed without concern, 16 cases (20.78%) were diagnosed but did not take medicine, 60 cases were under treatment, and 29 cases were mostly on counterfeit drugs (48.33%). Conclusion: Comprehensive diagnosis and treatment education to non-specialist clinicians and timely manner regular follow-up of patients is a key factor and an important link to formulate a simple, easy and sustainable model to improve the efficiency of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatitis C micro-elimination strategy in hospital. In addition, it will also play an important role in achieving the strategic goal of "eliminating hepatitis C as a public health threat by 2030".

3D-Printing Damage-Tolerant Architected Metallic Materials with Shape Recoverability via Special Deformation Design of Constituent Material

Architected metallic materials generally suffer from a serious engineering problem of mechanical instability manifested as the emergence of localized deformation bands and collapse of strength. They usually cannot exhibit satisfactory shape recoverability due to the little recoverable strain of metallic constituent material. After yielding, the metallic constituent material usually exhibits a continuous low strain-hardening capacity, giving the local yielded regions of architecture low load resistance and easily developing into excessive deformation bands, accompanied by the collapse of strength. Here, a novel constituent material deformation design strategy has been skillfully proposed, where the low load resistance of yielded regions of the architecture can be effectively compensated by the significant self-strengthening behavior of constituent material, thus avoiding the formation of localized deformation bands and collapse of strength. To substantiate this strategy, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) are considered as suitable constituent materials for possessing both self-strengthening behavior and shape-recovery function. A 3D-printing technique was adopted to prepare various NiTi SMA architected materials with different geometric structures. It is demonstrated that all of these architected metallic materials can be stably and uniformly compressed by up to 80% without the formation of localized bands, collapse of strength, and structural failure, exhibiting ultrahigh damage tolerance. Furthermore, these SMA architected materials can display more than 98% shape recovery even after 80% deformation and excellent cycle stability during 15 cycles. This work exploits the amazing impact of constituent materials on constructing supernormal properties of architected materials and will open new avenues for developing high-performance architected metallic materials.

Genetic in situ engineering of myeloid regulatory cells controls inflammation in autoimmunity

The ability of myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs) to control immune responses and to promote tolerance has prompted enormous interest in exploiting them therapeutically to treat inflammation, autoimmunity, or to improve outcomes in transplantation. While immunomodulatory small-molecule compounds and antibodies have provided relief for some patients, the dosing entails high systemic drug exposures and thus increased risk of off-target adverse effects. More recently, MRC-based cell-therapy products have entered clinical testing for tolerance induction. However, the elaborate and expensive protocols currently required to manufacture engineered MRCs ex vivo put this approach beyond the reach of many patients who might benefit. A solution could be to directly program MRCs in vivo. Here we describe a targeted nanocarrier that delivers in vitro-transcribed mRNA encoding a key anti-inflammatory mediator. We demonstrate in models of systemic lupus erythematosus that infusions of nanoparticles formulated with mRNA encoding glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) effectively control the disease. We further establish that these nanoreagents are safe for repeated dosing. Implemented in the clinic, this new therapy could enable physicians to treat autoimmune disease while avoiding systemic treatments that disrupt immune homeostasis.

The Chinese mitten crab genome provides insights into adaptive plasticity and developmental regulation

The infraorder Brachyura (true or short-tailed crabs) represents a successful group of marine invertebrates yet with limited genomic resources. Here we report a chromosome-anchored reference genome and transcriptomes of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, a catadromous crab and invasive species with wide environmental tolerance, strong osmoregulatory capacity and high fertility. We show the expansion of specific gene families in the crab, including F-ATPase, which enhances our knowledge on the adaptive plasticity of this successful invasive species. Our analysis of spatio-temporal transcriptomes and the genome of E. sinensis and other decapods shows that brachyurization development is associated with down-regulation of Hox genes at the megalopa stage when tail shortening occurs. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism regulating sexual development is achieved by integrated analysis of multiple omics. These genomic resources significantly expand the gene repertoire of Brachyura, and provide insights into the biology of this group, and Crustacea in general.

African lungfish genome sheds light on the vertebrate water-to-land transition

Lungfishes are the closest extant relatives of tetrapods and preserve ancestral traits linked with the water-to-land transition. However, their huge genome sizes have hindered understanding of this key transition in evolution. Here, we report a 40-Gb chromosome-level assembly of the African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) genome, which is the largest genome assembly ever reported and has a contig and chromosome N50 of 1.60 Mb and 2.81 Gb, respectively. The large size of the lungfish genome is due mainly to retrotransposons. Genes with ultra-long length show similar expression levels to other genes, indicating that lungfishes have evolved high transcription efficacy to keep gene expression balanced. Together with transcriptome and experimental data, we identified potential genes and regulatory elements related to such terrestrial adaptation traits as pulmonary surfactant, anxiolytic ability, pentadactyl limbs, and pharyngeal remodeling. Our results provide insights and key resources for understanding the evolutionary pathway leading from fishes to humans.

African Arowana Genome Provides Insights on Ancient Teleost Evolution

Osteoglossiformes is a basal clade of teleost, evolving since the Jurassic period. The genomes of Osteoglossiformes species would shed light on the evolution and adaptation of teleost. Here, we established a chromosome-level genome of African arowana. Together with the genomes of pirarucu and Asian arowana, we found that they diverged at ∼106.1 million years ago (MYA) and ∼59.2 MYA, respectively, which are coincident with continental separation. Interestingly, we identified a dynamic genome evolution characterized by a fast evolutionary rate and a high pseudogenization rate in African arowana and pirarucu. Additionally, more transposable elements were found in Asian arowana which confer more gene duplications. Moreover, we found the contraction of olfactory receptor and the expansion of UGT in African arowana might be related to its transformation from carnivore to be omnivore. Taken together, we provided valuable genomic resource of Osteoglossidae and revealed the correlation of biogeography and teleost evolution.

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An evolutionary model of Osteoglossidae along the continental drift is provided

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A faster evolving rate of African arowana than Asian arowana is revealed

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The gene duplications of Asian arowana are related to more class I TE insertions

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A mechanism of African arowana’s feeding habits transition is proposed.

Transfemoral-venous transcatheter access to left ventricle through the created communication of inter-ventricular septum with the assistance of arterio-venous circuit

Background

During transcatheter aortic/mitral valve replacement (TA/MVR), current available routes are limited due to unfavorable entry-angle, vessel-anatomy or mini-thoracotomy. Through created communication of inter-ventricular septum (C-IVS), transfemoral venous transcatheter access to left ventricle becomes feasible with the assistance of arterio-venous circuit.

Purpose

The study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and safety of transfemoral-venous transcatheter access to left ventricle through the created C-IVS in a swine model.

Methods

Via femoral artery, transcatheter puncture of mid-IVS was performed with the custom-made nickel-titanium needle (0.038-inch, needle-tip bent 60 degrees automatically associated with increased hardness when temperature was above 30°C) and 6F-sheath in 20 healthy Chinese mini-swine. Then femoral arterio-venous circuit was established through created C-IVS with hydrophilic guidewire in all swine, and femoral veno-venous circuit was further created through C-IVS and atrial septum in 4 swine. After pre-dilation of C-IVS, a 20F-sheath was introduced into left ventricle transvenously over the guidewire. Furthermore, transfemoral-venous TAVR was attempted with this approach in one swine. C-IVS was evaluated postoperatively and was further confirmed pathologically 2 months later.

Results

All transcatheter puncture of IVS was performed successfully in left ventricle and the thickness of mid-IVS was 7.67±0.98 mm. During the puncture, ventricular fibrillation occurred in one swine (successfully defibrillation) and only isolated ventricular premature beats/non-sustained ventricular tachycardia were observed in other swine. In all swine, femoral arterio-venous/veno-venous circuit was established via C-IVS, and the 20F-sheath was introduced into left ventricle safely through femoral vein and C-IVS. With the aid of vessel circuit, the 20F-sheath was further advanced into aorta in 16 swine (the entry-angle was 145.3±12.2 degrees) and into left atrium in 4 swine. After the procedure, there was one swine with moderate tricuspid regurgitation and 5 swine with mild residual shunt (2.6±0.7 mm). In addition, epicardial coronary arteries were normal in all swine. Two months later, residual shunt was still detected in 3 swine and the communication was confirmed pathologically. In other swine, there was no defect of IVS and mild replacement-scar was identified along C-IVS. In the swine underwent transfemoral-venous TAVR, prosthetic valve was deployed successfully with good function.

Conclusions

With the aid of vessel circuit, transfemoral-venous transcatheter access to left ventricle is feasible and safe via C-IVS, and transfemoral-venous TAVR was achieved successfully using this novel approach with favorable entry-angle.

Figure 1

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): National Natural Science Foundation of China

OP0095 A DECISION MODEL OF LABIAL GLAND BIOPSY BASED ON B-MODE ULTRASONOGRAPHY WITH SHEAR-WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME

Background:

Focal lymphocytic sialadenitis defined as focus score (FS) ≥1 on labial gland (LG) biopsy plays an integral role in various classification criteria of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). However, suspected patients often hesitate to receive a biopsy; and rheumatologists hope a decision for biopsy based on a high predicted incidence of FS≥1, or against biopsy based on an absolutely low predicted incidence.

Objectives:

To build a decision model of LG biopsy based on B-mode ultrasonography (US) with shear-wave elastography (SWE) in patients with suspected SS.

Methods:

Patients who had at least one symptom of oral dryness (based on AECG questions) or had anti-SSA positive were recruited and signed a written informed consent. Bilateral parotid (PG) and submandibular glands (SMG) were examined with B-mode US which graded the echostructure of each gland on a scoring system scaled 0 to 4 (US score), and SWE which described the elasticity of glands. Then LG biopsy was performed.

Results:

(1)Ninety-one patients whose mean age was 43±15 years were enrolled and 93% of them were female. Anti-SSA was detected in 77 patients (85%) and 28 patients (31%) showed unstimulated whole saliva flow rate (USFR)≤0.1mL/mim. There were 57 patients (63%) showing FS≥1 on LG biopsy. Sixty-three patients (69%) were classified as primary SS, 10 patients (10%) were secondary SS, 18 patients (20%) were uCTD and one patient was RA without SS.

(2)US scores were equal between PG and SMG in 59 patients (65%), while the rest patients showed different US scores between two glands: 7 patients (8%) showed higher US scores in PG and 25 patients (27%) showed higher scores in SMG. In each pair of glands US scores were equal. SWE values in PG or SMG of US score 1, 2 or 3 were significantly higher than those of US score 0, while SWE values in glands of US score 4 became declined and showed no significant difference from those with US score 0 (Figure 1A).

(3)Heatmap showed US scores in either major salivary gland of patients with FS≥1 on LG biopsy were significantly higher than those with FS<1 (all p<0.001, Figure 1B). ROC curve showed a total US score (including bilateral PG and SMG) ≥9 and a total SWE value (including bilateral PG and SMG)≥30 could significantly recognize patients with FS≥1, respectively with specificity of 100% and 93% (Figure 1C). In this cohort, among 51 patients with a total US score ≥9 and/or a total SWE value≥30, 49 patients (96%) showed FS≥1 on LG biopsy; while two outliers showed total US scores were both 8 although combined SWE values≥30. Other 29 patients showed total US scores≤6 with total SWE values <30 and only one patient (3%) showed FS≥1 on LG biopsy. The remaining 11 patients showed total US scores were 8 with total SWE values <30 and 64% of them (n=7) showed FS≥1.

Conclusion:

A preliminary decision model of LG biopsy based on B-mode US with SWE in patients with suspected SS were built in Table 1. For example, rheumatologists should reassess the need for biopsy if the incidence of FS≥1 would be <5%. Another cohort of patients with suspected SS is needed for further validation.

Table 1.

A preliminary decision model of LG biopsy based on B-mode US with SWE in patients with suspected SS

Algorithm*Comments on the decision of LG biopsyA total US score≥9 and/or a total SWE≥30The specificity of FS≥1 on biopsy is >93%. Biopsy is recommended. In some special cases (e.g. contraindicated to biopsy), this item is a potential alternative to LG biopsy.A total US score 7~8 with a total SWE <30It is hard to predict the result of FS, so biopsy is strongly recommended.A total US score≤6 with a total SWE <30The incidence of FS≥1 would be <5%. Rheumatologists should reassess the need for biopsy.

References:

None

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

"Lattice Strain Matching"-Enabled Nanocomposite Design to Harness the Exceptional Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials in Bulk Forms

Nanosized materials are known to have the ability to withstand ultralarge elastic strains (4-10%) and to have ultrahigh strengths approaching their theoretical limits. However, it is a long-standing challenge to harnessing their exceptional intrinsic mechanical properties in bulk forms. This is commonly known as "the valley of death" in nanocomposite design. In 2013, a breakthrough was made to overcome this challenge by using a martensitic phase transforming matrix to create a composite in which ultralarge elastic lattice strains up to 6.7% are achieved in Nb nanoribbons embedded in it. This breakthrough was enabled by a novel concept of phase transformation assisted lattice strain matching between the uniform ultralarge elastic strains (4-10%) of nanomaterials and the uniform crystallographic lattice distortion strains (4-10%) of the martensitic phase transformation of the matrix. This novel concept has opened new opportunities for developing materials of exceptional mechanical properties or enhanced functional properties that are not possible before. The work in progress in this research over the past six years is reported.

Transfemoral transcatheter puncture of interventricular septum in a swine model: A novel transfemoral-venous access to left ventricle with the assistance of arterio-venous circuit

OBJECTIVE

Via subclavian/jugular vein, successful puncture of interventricular septum (IVS) has been achieved transvenously. However, the approach was limited by acute entry-angle. The study was conducted to investigate a novel transcatheter puncture of IVS via femoral access and transfemoral-venous access to left ventricle (LV) through IVS.

METHODS

Via femoral artery, transcatheter puncture of mid-IVS was performed with a custom-made nickel-titanium needle and 6F-sheath in 16 healthy mini-swine. Then femoral arterio-venous circuit was established through IVS. After pre-dilation of IVS, a 20F-sheath was introduced into LV transvenously over-the-guidewire in 15 swine. Furthermore, transfemoral-venous TAVR was attempted with the approach in another swine. IVS was evaluated postoperatively and was further confirmed pathologically 2 months later.

RESULTS

All transcatheter puncture of IVS was performed successfully in LV and the mid-IVS thickness was 7.67 ± 0.98 mm. In all swine, femoral arterio-venous circuit was established via IVS, and a 20F-sheath was introduced into LV and aorta transfemoral-venously (entry-angle: 145.3 ± 12.2° in front view). After the procedure, there was one swine with moderate tricuspid-regurgitation and five swine with mild residual-shunt (2.6 ± 0.7 mm). Two months later, residual-shunt was still detected in three swine and the communication was confirmed pathologically. In other swine, no defect occurred and replacement-scar was identified along puncture-tract. In the swine underwent transfemoral-venous TAVR, prosthetic valve was deployed successfully with good function.

CONCLUSIONS

Transfemoral transcatheter puncture of IVS is feasible and safe in a swine model, and large sheath can be introduced into LV transfemoral-venously using the novel access with the aid of vessel circuit.

N-Doped Mesoporous Carbons: From Synthesis to Applications as Metal-Free Reduction Catalysts and Energy Storage Materials

N-doped mesoporous carbons, NMCs, have attracted intensive attention recently and have shown potential applications in various scientific fields including catalysis and energy conversion/storage. Via modification with foreign N elements and construction of mesoporous structures for NMCs, their electronic and spin structure, as well as their porosity can be greatly tailored. And the resultant electron-donor property, surface wettability, conductivity, ion/molecular transfer and reactivity are changed accordingly. In this review, we will summarize the recent research progress of these metal-free NMCs, with an emphasis on their synthesis and performance, especially for their synthetic strategy and catalytic properties toward oxygen and nitro compound reductions, as well as their electrochemical properties as electrode materials for lithium-ion/sulfur batteries and supercapacitors. We hope for future developments, such as controlling doping methods more precisely, generating more active sites by N-doping, and finding wider applications of NMCs in other fields.

[The role and mechanism of 2-deoxyglucose in reversing osimertinib-acquired resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cell line]

Objective: To explore the role and mechanism of 2-deoxyglucose (2-dg) in reversing osimertinib- acquired resistance of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cell line. Methods: The NSCLC line H1975 (purchased from the American Type Culture Collection) was conducted by induction method in vitro to construct the osimertinib-resistance NSCLC cell line H1975-OR. The osimertinib-resistance of H1975-OR cell line was examined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony-formation assay, Ki67 incorporation assay and the expression of apoptosis-related protein. The glycolysis level was assayed by the lactic acid production measured in the culture medium supernatant of H1975 and H1975-OR. The expression of glycolysis key enzymes (HK2, GLUT1, P-PKM2) and apoptosis-related protein (BIM, Bcl-2) were detected by Western blot. The cells were divided into control group, 2-deoxyglucose (4 mmol/L) monotherapy group, osimertinib (3 μmol/L) monotherapy group and 2-deoxyglucose (4 mmol/L)+ osimertinib (3 μmol/L) combination therapy group, then the apoptosis rate of cells was measured by flow cytometry to evaluate the pro-apoptotic ability of drugs. Date were analyzed by Independent-Samples t-test using SPSS 16.0 statistical software. Results: The glycolysis level of osimertinib-sensitive cell line H1975 was lower than that of osimertinib-resistance cell line H1975-OR [the yield of lactic acid, respectively, was (21.0±0.9) and (26.5±2.8) mmol·L(-1)·10(4)cells(-1), P<0.05]. The osimertinib- acquired resistance of H1975-OR could be reversed by 4 mmol/L 2-deoxyglucose(the IC(50) value of osimertinib in H1975-OR cell line decreased from (7.0±1.9) μmol/L to (1.4±0.1) μmol/L, which was close to the IC(50) value of osimertinib in H1975 cell line (1.0±0.2) μmol/L. The apoptosis rate of H1975-OR was significantly higher in 2-deoxyglucose + osimertinib combination therapy group (26.7±2.4)%, compared to control group (5.1±0.7)%, 2-deoxyglucose monotherapy group (6.1±2.5)% and osimertinib monotherapy group (11.4±2.7)%(all P<0.05). The expression of pro-apoptotic protein BIM in H1975-OR was significantly higher in 2-deoxyglucose+ osimertinib combination therapy group (177.8±28.1)% and the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in H1975-OR was significantly lower in 2-deoxyglucose+ osimertinib combination therapy group (24.6±5.2)%, compared to control group (100±0)%, all P<0.05. Conclusion: 2-deoxyglucose can reverse the acquired resistance of NSCLC cell line to osimertinib, which may be related to the inhibition of cell glycolysis and the induction of apoptosis.

Abstract P4-08-14: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma had no difference in prognosis compared with invasive ductal carcinoma: A propensity-matched analysis

Background: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare histopathological variant of breast carcinoma and usually performs poor clinical characteristics, such as high tendency of lymph nodes metastases. But whether it has worse prognosis than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is still controversial nowadays. We conducted this retrospective study to figure out the prognostic difference between IMPC and IDC, then guide therapy of IMPC ultimately.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed 327 cases of IMPC patients and 4979 cases of IDC who underwent primary resection in our institution during 2008 to 2012. By using propensity score matching, two groups were matched at a ratio of 1:1 by age, tumor size, nodal status, hormone and HER2 status to demonstrate the difference of prognosis assessed by Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analysis.

Result: After a mean follow-up of 52 months, we established the IMPC group and figured out 324 IDC patients from the control group by propensity score matching (3 IMPC patients were canceled because of data missing). The result of survival analysis indicated that women diagnosed with IMPC had no significant reduced overall survival (OS) (p = 0.752) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.578) compared with women with IDC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that IMPC was not found as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.858; 95% confidential interval [CI], 0.419-1.757) or OS (HR = 0.720; 95%CI, 0.353-1.469).

Conclusion: The consequence of survival analysis manifested that there was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups, and elucidated proactive or radical clinical therapy was unnecessary.

Citation Format: Hao S, Zhao Y-Y, Peng J-J, Yang W-T, Ren F, Yu K-D, Shao Z-M. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma had no difference in prognosis compared with invasive ductal carcinoma: A propensity-matched analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-14.