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Zeger VR, Bell DS, Anderson JL. Polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings in thin film microextraction: Insight into sorbent selectivity for pesticides and cannabinoids. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464583. [PMID: 38160584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) sorbent coatings consisting of polymerizable cations and anions were employed as sorbent coatings in thin film microextraction (TFME) for the extraction of pesticides and cannabinoids. The blades consisted of a thin film of PIL sorbents chemically bonded to vinyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized nitinol sheets. The imidazolium- or ammonium-based PIL sorbents contained aromatic benzyl moieties as well as polar hydroxyl groups or aliphatic functional groups within the chemical structure of the IL monomer. The chemical structure of the IL crosslinkers of the PILs were kept constant across each sorbent, except for the anion, which consisted of either bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([NTf2-]), p-styrenesulfonate ([SS-]), or 3-sulfopropyl acrylate ([SPA-]). Temperature, salt content, and methanol content were optimized as extraction conditions to maximize pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity using Doehlert design of experiments (DOE). Effects of these three factors on selectivity and extraction efficiency are discussed. The optimal extraction conditions consisting of sample temperature (31°C), sodium chloride (30% w/v), and methanol content (0.25% v/v) are compared to initial sorbent screening conditions at a sample temperature of 40°C, 15% (w/v) sodium chloride, and 2.5% (v/v) methanol content. PIL sorbent swelling behavior at different salt and methanol content conditions and its effect on extraction efficiency are hypothesized. Selectivity factors for the sorbents indicated that aromatic moieties within the IL monomer may enhance pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity under optimized conditions, but the extraction efficiency of pesticides that are known to coelute with cannabinoids in the chromatographic separation may be enhanced by employing sorbent coatings with [SPA-] anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Zeger
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - David S Bell
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Zeger VR, Bell DS, Anderson JL. Understanding the influence of polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coating substituents on cannabinoid and pesticide affinity in solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464222. [PMID: 37523907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
To understand factors that drive pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity in solid-phase microextraction (SPME), eight new polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) sorbent coatings were designed and compared to four previously reported PIL sorbent coatings for the extraction of pesticides. The four PIL sorbent coatings consisted of either vinylimidazolium or vinylbenzylimidazolium ILs with long alkyl chain substituents (i.e., -C8H17 or -C12H25) and bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([NTf2-]) anions, from which the eight new PIL sorbent coatings were adapted. Modifications to the chemical structure of IL monomers and crosslinkers included incorporation of polymerizable p-styrenesulfonate or 3-sulfopropyl acrylate anions, the addition of aromatic moieties, and/or the addition of polar functional groups (i.e., -OH or -O- groups). A total of ten commonly regulated pesticides and six cannabinoids were examined in this study. The effect of salt on the solubility of pesticides and cannabinoids in aqueous solutions was assessed by determining their extraction efficiencies in the presence of varied methanol content. Differences in their solubilities appear to play a dominant role in enhancing pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity. The selectivity, represented as the ratio of pesticide total peak areas to cannabinoid total peak areas, also exhibited a moderate correlation to the affinity of the sorbent coatings towards both the pesticides and the cannabinoids. A positive correlation was observed for the pesticides and a negative correlation was observed for the cannabinoids, suggesting that selectivity was driven by more than the presence of salt in the samples. The sorbent coatings' affinity towards each class of analytes were examined to determine specific interactions that might influence selectivity. The two main structural modifications increasing pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity included the absence of aromatic moieties and the addition of hydrogen bond donor functional groups. Extractions of simple aromatic molecules as probes were performed under similar extraction conditions as the cannabinoids and confirmed the influence of hydrogen bonding interactions on sorbent coating affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Zeger
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - David S Bell
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
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Robertson H, Willott JD, Gregory KP, Johnson EC, Gresham IJ, Nelson ARJ, Craig VSJ, Prescott SW, Chapman R, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. From Hofmeister to hydrotrope: Effect of anion hydrocarbon chain length on a polymer brush. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:983-994. [PMID: 36571860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Specific ion effects govern myriad biological phenomena, including protein-ligand interactions and enzyme activity. Despite recent advances, detailed understanding of the role of ion hydrophobicity in specific ion effects, and the intersection with hydrotropic effects, remains elusive. Short chain fatty acid sodium salts are simple amphiphiles which play an integral role in our gastrointestinal health. We hypothesise that increasing a fatty acid's hydrophobicity will manifest stronger salting-out behaviour. EXPERIMENTS Here we study the effect of these amphiphiles on an exemplar thermoresponsive polymer brush system, conserving the carboxylate anion identity while varying anion hydrophobicity via the carbon chain length. Ellipsometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring were used to characterise the thermoresponse and viscoelasticity of the brush, respectively, whilst neutron reflectometry was used to reveal the internal structure of the brush. Diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and computational investigations provide insight into polymer-ion interactions. FINDINGS Surface sensitive techniques unveiled a non-monotonic trend in salting-out ability with increasing anion hydrophobicity, revealing the bundle-like morphology of the ion-collapsed system. An intersection between ion-specific and hydrotropic effects was observed both experimentally and computationally; trending from good anti-hydrotrope towards hydrotropic behaviour with increasing anion hydrophobicity, accompanying a change in hydrophobic hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Robertson
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Joshua D Willott
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kasimir P Gregory
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Edwin C Johnson
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Isaac J Gresham
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew R J Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Stuart W Prescott
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Gregory KP, Elliott GR, Robertson H, Kumar A, Wanless EJ, Webber GB, Craig VSJ, Andersson GG, Page AJ. Understanding specific ion effects and the Hofmeister series. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12682-12718. [PMID: 35543205 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Specific ion effects (SIE), encompassing the Hofmeister Series, have been known for more than 130 years since Hofmeister and Lewith's foundational work. SIEs are ubiquitous and are observed across the medical, biological, chemical and industrial sciences. Nevertheless, no general predictive theory has yet been able to explain ion specificity across these fields; it remains impossible to predict when, how, and to what magnitude, a SIE will be observed. In part, this is due to the complexity of real systems in which ions, counterions, solvents and cosolutes all play varying roles, which give rise to anomalies and reversals in anticipated SIEs. Herein we review the historical explanations for SIE in water and the key ion properties that have been attributed to them. Systems where the Hofmeister series is perturbed or reversed are explored, as is the behaviour of ions at the liquid-vapour interface. We discuss SIEs in mixed electrolytes, nonaqueous solvents, and in highly concentrated electrolyte solutions - exciting frontiers in this field with particular relevance to biological and electrochemical applications. We conclude the perspective by summarising the challenges and opportunities facing this SIE research that highlight potential pathways towards a general predictive theory of SIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimir P Gregory
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia. .,Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gareth R Elliott
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Hayden Robertson
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Anand Kumar
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
| | - Grant B Webber
- School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gunther G Andersson
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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Ehtiati K, Z. Moghaddam S, Daugaard AE, Thormann E. Crucial Nonelectrostatic Effects on Polyelectrolyte Brush Behavior. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koosha Ehtiati
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Saeed Z. Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anders E. Daugaard
- Danish Polymer Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Esben Thormann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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Johnson EC, Gresham IJ, Prescott SW, Nelson A, Wanless EJ, Webber GB. The direction of influence of specific ion effects on a pH and temperature responsive copolymer brush is dependent on polymer charge. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang T, Kou R, Zhang J, Zhu R, Cai H, Liu G. Tuning the Light Response of Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes with Counterions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13051-13059. [PMID: 33094611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a negatively charged poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium) (PSPMA) brush has been employed as a model system to demonstrate the tuning of the light response of strong polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) with counterions. The substitution of K+ counterions by azobenzene-containing counterions (Azo-N+) renders the PSPMA brush light-responsive in aqueous solutions. Nevertheless, the strength of the light response of the PSPMA brush is weak due to the inefficient disassembly of the micelle-like aggregates in the brush upon irradiation with ultraviolet light. Counterion mixtures of Azo-N+ and K+ are employed to realize a strong light response of the PSPMA brush by incorporating a reasonable amount of Azo-N+ counterions into the brush. The strength of the light response of the PSPMA brush can be tuned by the mole ratio of Azo-N+ to K+. Furthermore, properties including the hydration and conformation of the PSPMA brush can be reversibly switched via alternating ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. This work opens up the opportunities available for the use of counterions to tune the light response of SPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Ran Kou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Renwei Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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Re-entrant swelling and redissolution of polyelectrolytes arises from an increased electrostatic decay length at high salt concentrations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:369-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Zhang J, Xu S, Jin H, Liu G. Ionic hydrogen bond effects on polyelectrolyte brushes beyond the hydronium and hydroxide ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10930-10933. [PMID: 32940269 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03763j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have demonstrated that the properties of both strong and weak polyelectrolyte brushes including hydration, stiffness, conformation, and wettability can be tuned by the hydrogen bonding between the bound counterions and the grafted chains beyond the hydronium and hydroxide ions. This will greatly extend the application of ionic hydrogen bond effects in polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
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Yu W, Du N, Gu Y, Yan J, Hou W. Specific Ion Effects on the Colloidal Stability of Layered Double Hydroxide Single-layer Nanosheets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6557-6568. [PMID: 32466650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The surface charge properties and aggregation behavior of positively charged Mg-Al-NO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) single-layer nanosheets dispersed in water were investigated in the presence of K+ salts with different mono-, di-, and trivalent anions, using electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering techniques. An increase in the salt concentration can significantly decrease the effective surface charge density (σeff) of LDHs, leading to the aggregation of nanosheets. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) or ionic strength (CCIS) of salts for nanosheets significantly decreases with an increase in the valence of anions. Specific ion effects, with a partially reverse Hofmeister series, are observed. On the basis of the Stern model and the DLVO theory, the relationship of CCC with σeff and the ionic valences of salts (zi) is theoretically analyzed, which can accurately describe the dependence of CCC on the σeff and zi but cannot explain the origin of specific ion effects. To explore the origin of specific ion effects, a correlation between CCIS and the specific adsorption energy (Esc) of anions within the Stern layer is developed. Especially, an empirical relationship of Esc with the characteristic physical parameters of anions is proposed. Our model can accurately predict the CCISs of at least monovalent anions and divalent anions (CO32- and SO42-), demonstrating that the specific ion effects observed can be attributed to the differences in ionic size, polarizability, and hydration free energy (or the formation capacity of anion-cation pairs) of different anions. This work not only deepens the understanding of specific ion effects on the colloidal stability but also provides useful information for the potential applications of LDH single-layer nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Na Du
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Yongtao Gu
- Gudong Petroleum Production Factory, Shengli Oilfield of Sinopec, Dongying 257237, P.R. China
| | - Jingen Yan
- Gudong Petroleum Production Factory, Shengli Oilfield of Sinopec, Dongying 257237, P.R. China
| | - Wanguo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
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11
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Yuan H, Liu G. Ionic effects on synthetic polymers: from solutions to brushes and gels. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4087-4104. [PMID: 32292998 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ionic effects on synthetic polymers have attracted extensive attention due to the crucial role of ions in the determination of the properties of synthetic polymers. This review places the focus on specific ion effects, multivalent ion effects, and ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity effects in synthetic polymer systems from solutions to brushes and gels. The specific ion effects on neutral polymers are determined by both the direct and indirect specific ion-polymer interactions, whereas the ion specificities of charged polymers are mainly dominated by the specific ion-pairing interactions. The ionic cross-linking effect exerted by the multivalent ions is widely used to tune the properties of polyelectrolytes, while the reentrant behavior of polyelectrolytes in the presence of multivalent ions still remains poorly understood. The ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity effects not only can be applied to make strong polyelectrolytes thermosensitive, but also can be used to prepare polymeric nano-objects and to control the wettability of polyelectrolyte brush-modified surfaces. The not well-studied ionic hydrogen bond effects are also discussed in the last section of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
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12
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Qiao Y, Zhou H, Jiang Z, He Q, Gan S, Wang H, Wen S, de Pablo J, Liu Y, Tirrell MV, Chen W. An in situ shearing x-ray measurement system for exploring structures and dynamics at the solid-liquid interface. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:013908. [PMID: 32012592 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Revealing interfacial structure and dynamics has been one of the essential thematic topics in material science and condensed matter physics. Synchrotron-based x-ray scattering techniques can deliver unique and insightful probing of interfacial structures and dynamics, in particular, in reflection geometries with higher surface and interfacial sensitivity than transmission geometries. We demonstrate the design and implementation of an in situ shearing x-ray measurement system, equipped with both inline parallel-plate and cone-and-plate shearing setups and operated at the advanced photon source at Argonne National Laboratory, to investigate the structures and dynamics of end-tethered polymers at the solid-liquid interface. With a precise lifting motor, a micrometer-scale gap can be produced by aligning two surfaces of a rotating upper shaft and a lower sample substrate. A torsional shear flow forms in the gap and applies tangential shear forces on the sample surface. The technical combination with nanoscale rheology and the utilization of in situ x-ray scattering allow us to gain fundamental insights into the complex dynamics in soft interfaces under shearing. In this work, we demonstrate the technical scope and experimental capability of the in situ shearing x-ray system through the measurements of charged polymers at both flat and curved interfaces upon shearing. Through the in situ shearing x-ray scattering experiments integrated with theoretical simulations, we aim to develop a detailed understanding of the short-range molecular structure and mesoscale ionic aggregate morphology, as well as ion transport and dynamics in soft interfaces, thereby providing fundamental insight into a long-standing challenge in ionic polymer brushes with a significant technological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Qiming He
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Shenglong Gan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Hongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shizhu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan de Pablo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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13
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Bui HL, Huang CJ. Tough Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels with Antimicrobial Property via Incorporation of Natural Multivalent Phytic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1721. [PMID: 31640149 PMCID: PMC6835581 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tough and antimicrobial dual-crosslinked poly((trimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate chloride)-phytic acid hydrogel (pTMAEMA-PA) has been synthesized by adding a chemical crosslinker and docking a physical crosslinker of multivalent phytic acid into a cationic polyelectrolyte network. By increasing the loading concentration of PA, the tough hydrogel exhibits compressive stress of >1 MPa, along with high elasticity and fatigue-resistant properties. The enhanced mechanical properties of pTMAEMA-PA stem from the multivalent ion effect of PA via the formation of ion bridges within polyelectrolytes. In addition, a comparative study for a series of pTMAEMA-counterion complexes was conducted to elaborate the relationship between swelling ratio and mechanical strength. The study also revealed secondary factors, such as ion valency, ion specificity and hydrogen bond formation, holding crucial roles in tuning mechanical properties of the polyelectrolyte hydrogel. Furthermore, in bacteria attachment and disk diffusion tests, pTMAEMA-PA exhibits superior fouling resistance and antibacterial capability. The results reflect the fact that PA enables chelating strongly with divalent metal ions, hence, disrupting the outer membrane of bacteria, as well as dysfunction of organelles, DNA and protein. Overall, the work demonstrated a novel strategy for preparation of tough polyelectrolyte with antibacterial capability via docking PA to open up the potential use of PA in medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Linh Bui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
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14
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Zhu J, Pan J, Ma C, Zhang G, Liu G. Specific Ion Effects on the Enzymatic Degradation of Polymeric Marine Antibiofouling Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11157-11166. [PMID: 31347852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is expected that the widely dispersed ions in seawater would have strong influence on the performance of polymeric marine antibiofouling materials through the modulation of enzymatic degradation of the materials. In this work, poly(ε-caprolactone)-based polyurethane and poly(triisopropylsilyl methacrylate-co-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane) have been employed as model systems to explore the specific ion effects on the enzymatic degradation of polymeric marine antibiofouling materials. Our study demonstrates that the specific ion effects on the enzymatic degradation of the polymer films are closely correlated with the ion-specific enzymatic hydrolysis of the ester. In the presence of different cations, the effectiveness of the enzyme to degrade the polymer films is dominated by the direct specific interactions between the cations and the negatively charged enzyme molecules. In the presence of different anions, the kosmotropic anions give rise to a high enzyme activity in the degradation of polymer films induced by the salting-out effect, whereas the chaotropic anions lead to a low enzyme activity in the degradation of the polymer films owing to the salting-in effect. This work highlights the opportunities available for the use of specific ion effects to modulate the enzymatic degradation of polymeric antibiofouling materials in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Jiansen Pan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , 510640 Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Ma
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , 510640 Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , 510640 Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
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15
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Liu G. Tuning the Properties of Charged Polymers at the Solid/Liquid Interface with Ions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3232-3247. [PMID: 29806944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In conventional theories, where ions are treated as point charges, the properties of charged polymers can be tuned using ions via the ionic strength. However, this article will show that the properties of charged polymers at the solid/liquid interface, including charged polymer brushes and polyelectrolyte multilayers, can be tuned by ions beyond ionic strength effects. Ion specificity, multivalency, ionic hydrogen bonding, and ionic hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity are used to tune a range of properties of charged polymers at the solid/liquid interface such as hydration, conformation, stiffness, surface wettability, lubricity, adhesion, and protein adsorption. The ionic effects demonstrated here greatly broaden our understanding of the use of ions to tune the interfacial properties of charged polymers. It is anticipated that these ionic effects can be further expanded by incorporating new types of important ion-charged polymer interactions and can also be extended to neutral polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , P. R. China 230026
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16
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Eygeris Y, White EV, Wang Q, Carpenter JE, Grünwald M, Zharov I. Responsive Nanoporous Membranes with Size Selectivity and Charge Rejection from Self-Assembly of Polyelectrolyte "Hairy" Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3407-3416. [PMID: 30589251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation and characterization of charged nanoporous membranes by self-assembly of "hairy" silica nanoparticles (HNPs) functionalized with polyelectrolyte copolymer brushes. We show that HNP membranes possess high water flux, have well-defined pore sizes, and rejection up to 80% of charged species in solution. The properties of these membranes can be tuned by controlling the length and composition of polymer brushes and the electrolyte concentration in solution. We demonstrate that membrane pore sizes undergo changes of up to 40% in response to changes in the ionic strength of the salt solution. Using MD computer simulations of a coarse-grained model, we link these tunable properties to the conformations of polymer chains in the spaces between randomly packed HNPs. As polymer length increases, the polymers fill the interparticle gaps, and the pore size decreases markedly. On the basis of their straightforward fabrication and tunable properties, HNP membranes may find applications in size- and charge-selective separations, water desalination, and responsive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ilya Zharov
- A. M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute , Kazan Federal University , 18 Kremlyovskaya Street , Kazan 420008 , Russia
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17
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Hao QH, Xia G, Miao B, Tan HG, Niu XH, Liu LY. Morphological Response of a Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brush to Solvent Quality and Electrostatic Interaction Strength. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hai Hao
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Gang Xia
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Bing Miao
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Ge Tan
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Niu
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
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18
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Zhang J, Cai H, Tang L, Liu G. Tuning the pH Response of Weak Polyelectrolyte Brushes with Specific Anion Effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12419-12427. [PMID: 30220208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The positively charged poly( N, N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes have been employed as model weak polyelectrolyte brushes (WPBs) to demonstrate the tuning of the pH response of WPBs with specific anion effects. The charge density of PDMAEMA brushes can be modulated by specific ion-pairing interactions between counterions and the protonated dimethylamino group; as a result, the strength of the pH response of PDMAEMA brushes can be tuned by specific anion effects. A more chaotropic counterion can more strongly interact with the protonated dimethylamino group, thereby more effectively neutralizing the positively charged group associated with the grafted weak polyelectrolyte chains and more remarkably suppressing the pH response of PDMAEMA brushes. Although the pH response of PDMAEMA brushes is insensitive to the anion identity at a low salt concentration, it can be tuned by specific anion effects at relatively high salt concentrations. Our study demonstrates that the pH-responsive properties of PDMAEMA brushes including hydration, conformation, oil wettability, and adhesion can be tuned by specific anion effects. The work presented here provides a method to tune the pH response of WPBs by the anion identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Ling Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
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19
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Zhang M, Yang H, Wang S, Zhang W, Hou Q, Guo D, Liu F, Chen T, Wu X, Wang J. PAMAM-Based Dendrimers with Different Alkyl Chains Self-Assemble on Silica Surfaces: Controllable Layer Structure and Molecular Aggregation. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6648-6655. [PMID: 29897753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are a well-known dendritic family due to their remarkable ability to self-assemble on solid surface. However, the relationship between molecular conformation (or adsorption kinetics) of a self-assembled layer and molecular amphiphilicity of such kind of dendrimer is still lacking, which limits the development of modulating self-assembling structures and surface functionality. With this in mind, we synthesized a series of amphiphilic PAMAM-based dendrimers, denoted as G1C n, with different alkyl chains ( n = 8, 12, and 16), and investigated the molecular aggregation on silica surfaces by means of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle. After rinsing, remaining adsorption amounts of G1C12 were higher than those of G1C8 at high concentrations, suggesting that G1C12 adlayers were more stable due to the stronger intermolecular hydrophobic interactions, whereas it preferred to adopt the intramolecular hydrophobic interactions for G1C16, with low adsorption amounts and unstable adlayers. Bilayer-like structures were inferred in G1C8 and G1C12 adlayers with loose conformation, whereas monolayer structures were likely to exist in the sparse adsorption film of G1C16. Our results provided more detailed understanding of the effect of molecular structure on the self-assembled structures of amphiphilic dendrimers on solid surfaces, shedding light on the controlled microstructure and wettability of functional surface by modulating the length of hydrophobic chains of dendrimers and a potential application of dendrimer-substrate combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry , Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Donghong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry , Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Fanghui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006 , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Jinben Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
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20
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Kou R, Zhang J, Chen Z, Liu G. Counterion Specificity of Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Role of Specific Ion-Pairing Interactions. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1404-1413. [PMID: 29575481 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that the properties of poly (2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride) brushes can be tuned by counterion species. When the brushes are exposed to external chloride (Cl- ) counterions, obvious dehydration and collapse are only observed at high salt concentrations. In the presence of very strongly chaotropic perchlorate (ClO4- ), the brushes strongly dehydrate and collapse at a very low salt concentration. For the strongly chaotropic thiocyanate ion (SCN- ), the changes in hydration and conformation of the brushes are similar to those observed for ClO4- but at a smaller extent at very low salt concentrations. With the addition of kosmotropic acetate (Ac- ), hydration of the brushes increases, accompanied by a swelling of the brushes in the low-salt-concentration regime. In contrast, the brushes dehydrate and collapse with increasing concentration of Ac- in the high-salt-concentration regime. The counterion specificity of the brushes demonstrated here is determined by specific ion-pairing interactions through modulating the osmotic pressure within the brushes and the hydrophobicity of the ion pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Kou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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21
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Yuan P, Ruan Z, Liu L, Li T, Jing T, Yan L. Sharp-pH-Sensitive Amphiphilic Polypeptide Micelles with Adjustable Triggered pHs by Salts via the Hofmeister Effect. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; and Department of Chemical Physics; iChEM; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzai Road 96# Hefei 230026 Anhui P. R. China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; and Department of Chemical Physics; iChEM; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzai Road 96# Hefei 230026 Anhui P. R. China
| | - Le Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; and Department of Chemical Physics; iChEM; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzai Road 96# Hefei 230026 Anhui P. R. China
| | - Tuanwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; and Department of Chemical Physics; iChEM; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzai Road 96# Hefei 230026 Anhui P. R. China
| | - Titao Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; and Department of Chemical Physics; iChEM; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzai Road 96# Hefei 230026 Anhui P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; and Department of Chemical Physics; iChEM; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzai Road 96# Hefei 230026 Anhui P. R. China
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22
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Lee J, Moesari E, Dandamudi CB, Beniah G, Chang B, Iqbal M, Fei Y, Zhou N, Ellison CJ, Johnston KP. Behavior of Spherical Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate) Polyelectrolyte Brushes on Silica Nanoparticles up to Extreme Salinity with Weak Divalent Cation Binding at Ambient and High Temperature. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joohyung Lee
- The
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ehsan Moesari
- The
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chola Bhargava Dandamudi
- The
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Goliath Beniah
- The
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Behzad Chang
- The
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Michelman Inc., 9080 Shell Rd, Cincinnati, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - Yunping Fei
- Intel Corporation, 9750
Goethe Rd, Sacramento, California 95827, United States
| | - Nijia Zhou
- The
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- The
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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23
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Chen WL, Cordero R, Tran H, Ober CK. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymer Brushes: Novel Surfaces for Future Materials. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roselynn Cordero
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hai Tran
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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24
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Nalam PC, Lee HS, Bhatt N, Carpick RW, Eckmann DM, Composto RJ. Nanomechanics of pH-Responsive, Drug-Loaded, Bilayered Polymer Grafts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12936-12948. [PMID: 28221026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymer films play an important role in the development of smart antibacterial coatings. In this study, we consider complementary architectures of polyelectrolyte films, including a thin chitosan layer (CH), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes, and a bilayer structure of CH grafted to PAA brushes (CH/PAA) as possible candidates for targeted drug delivery platforms. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to study the structure-mechanical property relationship for these mono- and bi-layered polymer grafts at pH 7.4 and 4.0, corresponding to physiological and biofilm formation conditions, respectively. Herein, the surface interactions between polymer grafts and the negatively charged silica colloid attached to an AFM lever are considered as representative interactions between the antibacterial coating and a bacteria/biofilm. The bilayered structure of CH/PAA showed significantly reduced adhesive interactions in comparison to pure CH but slightly higher interactions in comparison to PAA films. Among PAA and CH/PAA films, upon grafting CH over the PAA brushes, the normal stiffness increased by 10-fold at pH 7.4 and 20-fold at pH 4.0. Notably, the study also showed that the addition of an antibiotic drug such as multicationic Tobramycin (TOB) impacts the mechanical properties of the antibacterial coatings. Competition between TOB and water molecules for the PAA chains is shown to determine the structural properties of PAA and CH/PAA films loaded with TOB. At high pH (7.4), the TOB molecules, which remain multicationic, strongly interact with polyanionic PAA, thereby reducing the film's compressibility. On the contrary, at low pH (4.0), the water molecules preferentially interact with TOB in comparison to uncharged PAA chains and, upon TOB release, results in a stronger film collapse together with an increase in adhesive interactions between the probe, the surface, and the elastic modulus of the film. The bacterial proliferation on these platforms when compared to the measured mechanical properties shows a direct correlation; hence, understanding nanomechanical properties can provide insights into designing new antibacterial polymer coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nupur Bhatt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-2703, United States
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25
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Yu M, Qian L, Cui S. Reentrant Variation of Single-Chain Elasticity of Polyelectrolyte Induced by Monovalent Salt. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4257-4264. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shuxun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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26
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Willott JD, Murdoch TJ, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Physicochemical behaviour of cationic polyelectrolyte brushes. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Liu L, Kou R, Liu G. Ion specificities of artificial macromolecules. SOFT MATTER 2016; 13:68-80. [PMID: 27906410 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial macromolecules are well-defined synthetic polymers, with a relatively simple structure as compared to naturally occurring macromolecules. This review focuses on the ion specificities of artifical macromolecules. Ion specificities are influenced by solvent-mediated indirect ion-macromolecule interactions and also by direct ion-macromolecule interactions. In aqueous solutions, the role of water-mediated indirect ion-macromolecule interactions will be discussed. The addition of organic solvents to aqueous solutions significantly changes the ion specificities due to the formation of water-organic solvent complexes. For direct ion-macromolecule interactions, we will discuss specific ion-pairing interactions for charged macromolecules and specific ion-neutral site interactions for uncharged macromolecules. When the medium conditions change from dilute solutions to crowded environments, the ion specificities can be modified by either the volume exclusion effect, the variation of dielectric constant, or the interactions between ions, macromolecules, and crowding agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvdan Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China 230026.
| | - Ran Kou
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China 230026.
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China 230026.
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28
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Humphreys BA, Willott JD, Murdoch TJ, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Specific ion modulated thermoresponse of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6037-46. [PMID: 26840183 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of specific anions on the equilibrium thermoresponse of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) brushes has been studied using in situ ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and static contact angle measurements between 20 and 45 °C in the presence of up to 250 mM acetate and thiocyanate anions in water. The thickness and changes in dissipation exhibited a broad swelling transition spanning approximately 15 °C from collapsed (high temperatures) to swollen conformation (low temperatures) while the brush surface wettability changed over approximately 2 °C. In the presence of the kosmotropic acetate anions, the measured lower critical solution temperature (LCST) by the three techniques was very similar and decreased linearly as a function of ionic strength. Conversely, increasing the concentration of the chaotropic thiocyanate anions raised the LCST of the pNIPAM brushes with variation in the measured LCST between the three techniques increasing with ionic strength. The thickness of the pNIPAM brush was seen to progressively increase with increasing thiocyanate concentration at all temperatures. It is proposed that specific ion binding of the chaotropic thiocyanate anion with pNIPAM amide moieties increases the electrostatic intra- and intermolecular repulsion within and between pNIPAM chains. This allows the brush to begin to swell at higher temperatures and to an overall greater extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Joshua D Willott
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Murdoch
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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29
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Yu J, Mao J, Yuan G, Satija S, Chen W, Tirrell M. The effect of multivalent counterions to the structure of highly dense polystyrene sulfonate brushes. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Murakami D, Kobayashi M, Higaki Y, Jinnai H, Takahara A. Swollen structure and electrostatic interactions of polyelectrolyte brush in aqueous solution. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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31
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Wang T, Kou R, Liu H, Liu L, Zhang G, Liu G. Anion Specificity of Polyzwitterionic Brushes with Different Carbon Spacer Lengths and Its Application for Controlling Protein Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2698-707. [PMID: 26927024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Both ion-specific interaction and carbon spacer length have strong effects on the properties of polyzwitterions. In this work, we have investigated the anion specificity of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylamide) (PSBMAm) brushes with different carbon spacer lengths. The effectiveness of anions to enhance the hydration of the PSBMAm brushes increases from kosmotropic to chaotropic anions. The interactions between the anions and the PSBMAm brushes are strongly influenced by carbon spacer length because the strength of inter/intrachain association of the PSBMAm brushes decreases with increasing carbon spacer length. The inter/intrachain association of the PSBMAm brushes with a longer carbon spacer is easier to break by the external anions in the high salt concentration regime. On the other hand, a longer carbon spacer is more favorable for the zwitterionic groups to form cyclic intramolecular structures. As a result, the addition of anions can more effectively enhance the hydration of the PSBMAm brushes with a medium-length carbon spacer compared with that of the PSBMAm brushes with a either shorter or longer carbon spacer in the low salt concentration regime, determined by the balance between the inter/intrachain association and the formation of cyclic intramolecular structures. Our study also demonstrates that both anion identity and carbon spacer length can be used to control protein adsorption on the surface of the PSBMAm brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ran Kou
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Lvdan Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, P. R. China
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Cao Z, Zhang G. Dynamics of polyzwitterions in salt-free and salt solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:27045-51. [PMID: 26411726 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04827c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of polyzwitterions remains largely unclear. We have prepared zwitterionic poly[1-(3-sulphopropyl) betaine-2-vinylpyridinium] (PSB) and investigated its dynamics in aqueous solution as a function of added salt (NaCl) concentration (Cs) by dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) and sedimentation velocity (SV) in analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). A fast and a slow mode can be observed by DLS in a salt-free and low-salt solution, where the latter exhibits a maximum intensity at Cs ∼ 10(-3) M. SV measurements demonstrate that the fast mode corresponds to the diffusion of individual chains and the slow mode arises from the dynamic inhomogeneity due to interchain electrostatic repulsion. As Cs increases, the sedimentation coefficient exhibits a maximum at Cs ∼ 0.1 M whereas the diffusion coefficient has a minimum at Cs ∼ 10(-3) M and a maximum at Cs ∼ 0.1 M. Namely, PSB shows a complex dynamics in a salt-free and low-salt solution and anti-polyelectrolyte behavior in a high-salt solution. Our studies reveal that the dynamics of polyzwitterions is mediated by the long range interchain electrostatic repulsion and short range intrachain attraction, which are determined by effective charges on the chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Kou R, Zhang J, Wang T, Liu G. Interactions between Polyelectrolyte Brushes and Hofmeister Ions: Chaotropes versus Kosmotropes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10461-8. [PMID: 26359677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the interactions between the positively charged poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC) brushes and the Hofmeister anions and the interactions between the negatively charged poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium) (PSPMA) brushes and the Hofmeister cations using a combination of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and spectroscopic ellipsometry. A V-shaped anion series is observed in terms of the ion-specific interactions between the PMETAC brushes and the Hofmeister anions. We have found that the chaotropic and kosmotropic anions interact with the PMETAC brushes in different manners. The ion-specific interactions between the PMETAC brushes and the chaotropic anions are dominated by the direct interactions between the anions and the positively charged quaternary ammonium group via ion pairing mediated by ionic hydration strength or polarizability, whereas the ion-specific interactions between the PMETAC brushes and the kosmotropic anions are dominated by the competition for water molecules between the anions and the brushes. The ion-specific interactions between the PMETAC brushes and the anions have significant influences on both the hydration and the conformation of the brushes. The cations exhibit weaker specific ion effects on the PSPMA brushes in comparison with the specific anion effects on the PMETAC brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Kou
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, P. R. China 230026
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, P. R. China 230026
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, P. R. China 230026
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, P. R. China 230026
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Yang J, Hua Z, Wang T, Wu B, Liu G, Zhang G. Counterion-Specific Protein Adsorption on Polyelectrolyte Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6078-6084. [PMID: 25985929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein adsorption is an important issue in biorelated fields. We have investigated the protein adsorption on the poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) brushes in the presence of different types of counterions. The protein adsorption is driven by a decrease in osmotic pressure within the brushes with an increase in entropy via the release of counterions. Our study demonstrates that counterion specificity has a significant influence on protein adsorption on the PIL brushes. There have been two different regimes for counterion-specific protein adsorption. When the released counterions cannot bind to the protein surface, the counterion-specific protein adsorption is dominated by the ion-specific counterion condensation within the PIL brushes. If the released counterions can bind to the protein surface, then counterion-specific protein adsorption is dominated by the ion-specific rebinding of released counterions on the protein surface. This work opens up a new opportunity for controlling protein adsorption on polyelectrolyte brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- †Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Zan Hua
- †Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- †Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- ‡Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Guangming Liu
- †Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- ‡Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Willott JD, Murdoch TJ, Humphreys BA, Edmondson S, Wanless EJ, Webber GB. Anion-specific effects on the behavior of pH-sensitive polybasic brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3707-3717. [PMID: 25768282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The anion-specific solvation and conformational behavior of weakly basic poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (poly(DMA)), poly(2-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (poly(DEA)), and poly(2-diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (poly(DPA)) brushes, with correspondingly increasing inherent hydrophobicity, have been investigated using in situ ellipsometric and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements. In the osmotic brush regime, as the initial low concentration of salt is increased, the brushes osmotically swell by the uptake of solvent as they become charged and the attractive hydrophobic inter- and intrachain interactions are overcome. With increased ionic strength, the brushes move into the salted brush regime where they desolvate and collapse as their electrostatic charge is screened. Here, as the brushes collapse, they transition to more uniform and rigid conformations, which dissipate less energy, than similarly solvated brushes at lower ionic strength. Significantly, in these distinct regimes brush behavior is not only ionic strength dependent but is also influenced by the nature of the added salt based on its position in the well-known Hofmeister or lyotropic series, with potassium acetate, nitrate, and thiocyanate investigated. The strongly kosmotropic acetate anions display low affinity for the hydrophobic polymers, and largely unscreened electrosteric repulsions allow the brushes to remain highly solvated at higher acetate concentrations. The mildly chaotropic nitrate and strongly chaotropic thiocyanate anions exhibit a polymer hydrophobicity-dependent affinity for the brushes. Increasing thiocyanate concentration causes the brushes to collapse at lower ionic strength than for the other two anions. This study of weak polybasic brushes demonstrates the importance of all ion, solvent, and polymer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Willott
- †Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Timothy J Murdoch
- †Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ben A Humphreys
- †Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Steve Edmondson
- ‡School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Erica J Wanless
- †Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- †Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Willott JD, Humphreys BA, Murdoch TJ, Edmondson S, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Hydrophobic effects within the dynamic pH-response of polybasic tertiary amine methacrylate brushes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3880-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05292g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monomer hydrophobicity dominates the kinetics of the pH-response of tertiary amine methacrylate brushes as determined by in situ ellipsometry and QCM-D kinetic and equilibrium measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Willott
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Ben A. Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Timothy J. Murdoch
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | | | - Grant B. Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Erica J. Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
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