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Pekdemir S, Torun I, Sakir M, Ruzi M, Rogers JA, Onses MS. Chemical Funneling of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles on Printed Arrays of End-Grafted Polymers for Plasmonic Applications. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8276-8286. [PMID: 32569462 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spatially defined assembly of colloidal metallic nanoparticles is necessary for fabrication of plasmonic devices. In this study, we demonstrate high-resolution additive jet printing of end-functional polymers to serve as templates for directed self-assembly of nanoparticles into architectures with substantial plasmonic activity. The intriguing aspect of this work is the ability to form patterns of end-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) through printing on a hydrophobic layer that consists of fluoroalkylsilanes. The simultaneous dewetting of the underlying hydrophobic layer together with grafting of the printed polymer during thermal annealing enables fabrication of spatially defined binding sites for assembly of nanoparticles. The employment of electrohydrodynamic jet printing and aqueous inks together with reduction of the feature size during thermal annealing are critically important in achieving high chemical contrast patterns as small as ∼250 nm. Gold nanospheres of varying diameters selectively bind and assemble into nanostructures with reduced interparticle distances on the hydrophilic patterns of poly(ethylene glycol) surrounded with a hydrophobic background. The resulting plasmonic arrays exhibit intense and pattern-specific signals in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The localized seed-mediated growth of metallic nanostructures over the patterned gold nanospheres presents further routes for expanding the composition of the plasmonic arrays. A representative application in SERS-based surface encoding is demonstrated through large-area patterning of plasmonic structures and multiplex deposition of taggant molecules, all enabled by printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Pekdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- ERNAM, Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Ilker Torun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- ERNAM, Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Menekse Sakir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- ERNAM, Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Ruzi
- ERNAM, Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - John A Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/Biotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - M Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- ERNAM, Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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An S, Kim H, Kim M, Kim S. Photoinduced Modulation of Polymeric Interfacial Behavior Controlling Thin-Film Block Copolymer Wetting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3046-3056. [PMID: 32151131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The tunable surface-wetting properties of photosensitive random copolymer mats were used to spatially control the orientations of thin-film block copolymer (BCP) structures. A photosensitive mat was produced via thermal treatment on spin-coated random copolymers of poly(styrene-ran-2-nitrobenzyl methacrylate-ran-glycidyl methacrylate), synthesized via reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. The degree of UV-induced deprotection of the nitrobenzyl esters in the mat was precisely controlled through the amount of UV-irradiation energy imparted to the mat. The resulting polarity switching of the constituents collectively altered the interfacial wetting properties of the mat, and the tunability allowed lamellar or cylinder-forming poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) BCP thin films, applied over the mat, to change the domain orientation from perpendicular to parallel at proper UV exposures. UV irradiation passing through a photomask was capable of generating defined regions of BCP domains with targeted orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol An
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Heein Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Myungwoong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sangwon Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Salem S, Sakir M, Sahin K, Korkmaz I, Yavuz E, Sarp G, Onses MS, Yilmaz E. Low bandgap microsphere-like magnetic nanocomposite: An enhanced photocatalyst for degradation of organic contaminants and fabrication of SERS-active surfaces. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kiremitler NB, Torun I, Altintas Y, Patarroyo J, Demir HV, Puntes VF, Mutlugun E, Onses MS. Writing chemical patterns using electrospun fibers as nanoscale inkpots for directed assembly of colloidal nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:895-903. [PMID: 31833522 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08056b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Applications that range from electronics to biotechnology will greatly benefit from low-cost, scalable and multiplex fabrication of spatially defined arrays of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals. In this work, we present a novel additive patterning approach based on the use of electrospun nanofibers (NFs) as inkpots for end-functional polymers. The localized grafting of end-functional polymers from spatially defined nanofibers results in covalently bound chemical patterns. The main factors that determine the width of the nanopatterns are the diameter of the NF and the extent of spreading during the thermal annealing process. Lowering the surface energy of the substrates via silanization and a proper choice of the grafting conditions enable the fabrication of nanoscale patterns over centimeter length scales. The fabricated patterns of end-grafted polymers serve as the templates for spatially defined assembly of colloidal metal and metal oxide nanocrystals of varying sizes (15 to 100 nm), shapes (spherical, cube, rod), and compositions (Au, Ag, Pt, TiO2), as well as semiconductor quantum dots, including the assembly of semiconductor nanoplatelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Burak Kiremitler
- ERNAM - Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.
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Karabel Ocal S, Patarroyo J, Kiremitler NB, Pekdemir S, Puntes VF, Onses MS. Plasmonic assemblies of gold nanorods on nanoscale patterns of poly(ethylene glycol): Application in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:449-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Effect of Ink Molecular Weights and Annealing Conditions on Molecular Transfer Printing. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sakir M, Pekdemir S, Karatay A, Küçüköz B, Ipekci HH, Elmali A, Demirel G, Onses MS. Fabrication of Plasmonically Active Substrates Using Engineered Silver Nanostructures for SERS Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:39795-39803. [PMID: 29048151 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Demanding applications in sensing, metasurfaces, catalysis, and biotechnology require fabrication of plasmonically active substrates. Herein, we demonstrate a bottom-up, versatile, and scalable approach that relies on direct growth of silver nanostructures from seed particles that were immobilized on polymer brush-grafted substrates. Our approach is based on (i) the uniform and tunable assembly of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles on poly(ethylene glycol) brushes to serve as seeds and (ii) the use of hydroquinone as a reducing agent, which is extremely selective to the presence of seed particles, confining the growth of silver nanostructures on the surface of the substrate. The diameter of the seed particles, concentration, as well as ratio of reactants and duration of the growth process are investigated for large-area growth of silver nanostructures with high surface coverage and plasmonic activity. The resulting silver nanostructures exhibit high levels of surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity at two different laser lines and allow detection of molecules at concentrations as low as 10 pM. The plasmonic properties of the silver nanostructures are further studied using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. Spatially defined silver nanostructures are fabricated through the seed particles that are patterned via soft lithography, showing the capabilities of the presented approach in device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menekse Sakir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University , 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sami Pekdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University , 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Ankara University , Besevler, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Küçüköz
- Department of Engineering Physics, Ankara University , Besevler, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hasan H Ipekci
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University , 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics, Ankara University , Besevler, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Demirel
- Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University , 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University , 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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Berezkin AV, Jung F, Posselt D, Smilgies DM, Papadakis CM. Vertical vs Lateral Macrophase Separation in Thin Films of Block Copolymer Mixtures: Computer Simulations and GISAXS Experiments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31291-31301. [PMID: 28319360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of two diblock copolymers of very different lengths may feature both macro- and microphase separation; however, not much is known about the mechanisms of separation in diblock copolymer thin films. In the present work, we study thin films of mixtures of two compositionally symmetric block copolymers, both in the one-phase and in the two-phase state, combining coarse-grained molecular simulations (dissipative particle dynamics, DPD) with scattering experiments (grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, GISAXS). We reveal that the film thickness and selective adsorption of different blocks to the substrate control the distribution of macrophases within the film as well as the orientation of the lamellae therein. In thick films, the mixtures separate in the vertical direction into three layers: Two layers being rich in short copolymers are formed near the film interfaces, whereas a layer being rich in long copolymers is located in the film core. The lamellar orientation in the layers rich in short copolymers is dictated by the surface selectivity, and this orientation only weakly affects the vertical orientation of lamellae in the film core. This provides the opportunity to control the domain orientation in the copolymer films by mixing block copolymers with low-molecular additives instead of relying on a more complicated chemical modification of the substrate. In thinner films, a lateral phase separation appears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Berezkin
- Physik-Department, Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Jung
- Physik-Department, Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dorthe Posselt
- IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , P. O. Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Detlef M Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- Physik-Department, Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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A versatile nanoarray electrode produced from block copolymer thin films for specific detection of proteins. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kiremitler NB, Pekdemir S, Patarroyo J, Karabel S, Torun I, Puntes VF, Onses MS. Assembly of Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Nanopatterns of Polymer Brushes Fabricated by Electrospin Nanolithography. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:603-608. [PMID: 35650844 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents electrospin nanolithography (ESPNL) for versatile and low-cost fabrication of nanoscale patterns of polymer brushes to serve as templates for assembly of metallic nanoparticles. Here electrospun nanofibers placed on top of a substrate grafted with polymer brushes serve as masks. The oxygen plasma etching of the substrate followed by removal of the fibers leads to linear patterns of polymer brushes. The line-widths as small as ∼50 nm can be achieved by precise tuning of the diameter of fibers, etching condition, and fiber-substrate interaction. Highly aligned and spatially defined patterns can be fabricated by operating in the near-field electrospinning regime. Patterns of polymer brushes with two different chemistries effectively directed the assembly of gold nanoparticles and silver nanocubes. Nanopatterned brushes imparted strong confinement effects on the assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles and resulted in strong localization of electromagnetic fields leading to intense signals in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The scalability and simplicity of ESPNL hold great promise in patterning of a broad range of polymer thin films for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Burak Kiremitler
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center
(ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Sami Pekdemir
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center
(ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Javier Patarroyo
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sema Karabel
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center
(ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Ilker Torun
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center
(ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Victor F. Puntes
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M. Serdar Onses
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center
(ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
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Berezkin AV, Papadakis CM, Potemkin II. Vertical Domain Orientation in Cylinder-Forming Diblock Copolymer Films upon Solvent Vapor Annealing. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V. Berezkin
- Physik-Department,
Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str.
1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Physik-Department,
Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str.
1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Igor I. Potemkin
- Physics
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Onses MS, Wan L, Liu X, Kiremitler NB, Yılmaz H, Nealey PF. Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Arrays on Chemical Nanopatterns Prepared Using Block Copolymer Lithography. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1356-1361. [PMID: 35614782 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-throughput and inexpensive fabrication approach that uses self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) films as templates to generate dense nanoscale chemical patterns of polymer brushes for the selective immobilization of Au nanoparticles (NPs). A cross-linked random copolymer mat that contains styrene and methyl methacrylate units serves both as a base layer for perpendicular assembly of nanoscale domains of poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) films and as a nonadsorbing background layer that surrounds the chemical patterns. The selective removal of the PMMA block and the underlying mat via oxygen plasma etching generates binding sites which are then functionalized with poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) brushes. Au NPs with a diameter of 13 nm selectively immobilize on the patterned P2VP brushes. An essential aspect in fabricating high quality chemical patterns is the superior behavior of methyl methacrylate containing cross-linked mats in retaining their chemistry during the grafting of P2VP brushes. The use of BCPs with different molecular weights and volume fractions allows for preparation of chemical patterns with different geometries, sizes, and pitches for generating arrays of single particles that hold great promise for applications that range from molecular sensing to optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Serdar Onses
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM) Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Lei Wan
- HGST, a Western
Digital Company, San Jose Research
Center 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, California 95135, United States
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - N. Burak Kiremitler
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM) Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yılmaz
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM) Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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Ren CL, Schlapak R, Hager R, Szleifer I, Howorka S. Molecular and Thermodynamic Factors Explain the Passivation Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Coated Substrate Surfaces against Fluorophore-Labeled DNA Oligonucleotides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11491-11501. [PMID: 26439134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanofilms are used to avert the nonspecific binding of biomolecules on substrate surfaces in biomedicine and bioanalysis including modern fluorescence-based DNA sensing and sequencing chips. A fundamental and coherent understanding of the interactions between fluorophore-tagged DNA, PEG-films, and substrates in terms of molecular and energetic factors is, however, missing. Here we explore a large parameter space to elucidate how PEG layers passivate metal oxide surfaces against Cy3-labeled DNA probes. The driving force for probe adsorption is found to be the affinity of the fluorophore to the substrate, while the high-quality PEG films prevent adsorption to bare ITO surfaces. The amount of nonrepelled, surface-bound DNA strongly depends on oligonucleotide size, PEG chain length, and incubation temperature. To explain these observations, we develop an experimentally validated theory to provide a microscopic picture of the PEG layer and show that adsorbed DNA molecules reside within the film by end-tethering the fluorophore to the ITO surface. To compensate for the local accumulation of negatively charged DNA, counterions condense on the adsorbed probes within the layer. The model furthermore explains that surface passivation is governed by the interdependence of molecular size, conformation, charge, ion condensation, and environmental conditions. We finally report for the first time on the detailed thermodynamic values that show how adsorption results from a balance between large opposing energetic factors. The insight of our study can be applied to rationally engineer PEG nanolayers for improved functional performance in DNA analysis schemes and may be expanded to other polymeric thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-lai Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | - Roland Hager
- Center for Advanced Bioanalysis GmbH, Linz, Austria
| | - Igal Szleifer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stefan Howorka
- Center for Advanced Bioanalysis GmbH, Linz, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London , London, United Kingdom
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