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Electro-polymerization rates of diazonium salts are dependent on the crystal orientation of the surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:985-994. [PMID: 35839679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electro-polymerization of diazonium salts is widely used for modifying surfaces with thin organic films. Initially this method was primarily applied to carbon, then to metals, and more recently to semiconducting Si. Unlike on other surfaces, electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts on Si, which is one of the most industrially dominant material, is not well understood. Here, we report the electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts on a range of silicon electrodes of different crystal orientations (111, 211, 311, 411, and 100). We show that the kinetics of surface reaction and the reduction potential is Si crystal-facet dependent and is more favorable in the hierarchical order (111) > (211) > (311) > (411) > (100), a finding that offers control over the surface chemistry of diazonium salts on Si. The dependence of the surface reaction kinetics on the crystal orientation was found to be directly related to differences in the potential of zero charge (PZC) of each crystal orientation, which in turn controls the adsorption of the diazonium cations prior to reduction. Another consequence of the effect of PZC on the adsorption of diazonium cations, is that molecules terminated by distal diazonium moieties form a compact film in less time and requires less reduction potentials compared to that formed from diazonium molecules terminated by only one diazo moiety. In addition, at higher concentrations of diazonium cations, the mechanism of electrochemical polymerization on the surface becomes PZC-controlled adsorption-dominated inner-sphere electron transfer while at lower concentrations, diffusion-based outer-sphere electron transfer dominates. These findings help understanding the electro-polymerization reaction of diazonium salts on Si en route towards an integrated molecular and Si electronics technology.
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2
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Usman A. Nanoparticle enhanced optical biosensing technologies for Prostate Specific Antigen biomarker detection. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 15:122-137. [PMID: 33136544 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2020.3035273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the deadliest forms of Cancer among men. Early screening process for PCa is primarily conducted with the help of a FDA approved biomarker known as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). The PSA-based screening is challenged with the inability to differentiate between the cancerous PSA and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), resulting in high rates of false-positives. Optical techniques such as optical absorbance, scattering, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and fluorescence have been extensively employed for Cancer diagnostic applications. One of the most important diagnostic applications involves utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) for highly specific, sensitive, rapid, multiplexed, and high performance Cancer detection and quantification. The incorporation of NPs with these optical biosensing techniques allow realization of low cost, point-of-care, highly sensitive, and specific early cancer detection technologies, especially for PCa. In this work, the current state-of-the-art, challenges, and efforts made by the researchers for realization of low cost, point-of-care (POC), highly sensitive, and specific NP enhanced optical biosensing technologies for PCa detection using PSA biomarker are discussed and analyzed.
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Hetemi D, Noël V, Pinson J. Grafting of Diazonium Salts on Surfaces: Application to Biosensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10010004. [PMID: 31952195 PMCID: PMC7168266 DOI: 10.3390/bios10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is divided into two parts; the first one summarizes the main features of surface modification by diazonium salts with a focus on most recent advances, while the second part deals with diazonium-based biosensors including small molecules of biological interest, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardan Hetemi
- Pharmacy Department, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, “Hasan Prishtina”, Rr. “Dëshmorët e Kombit” p.n., 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo;
| | - Vincent Noël
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Jean Pinson
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France;
- Correspondence:
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4
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Aryldiazonium salt derived mixed organic layers: From surface chemistry to their applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Potential use of SERS-assisted theranostic strategy based on Fe3O4/Au cluster/shell nanocomposites for bio-detection, MRI, and magnetic hyperthermia. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 64:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Enhanced chemiluminescence-based detection on gold substrate after electrografting of diazonium precursor-coated gold nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 467:271-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Zhang H, Han Z, Wang X, Li F, Cui H, Yang D, Bian Z. Sensitive immunosensor for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide based on N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol)-functionalized gold nanodots/multiwalled carbon nanotube electrochemiluminescence nanointerface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7599-7604. [PMID: 25801201 DOI: 10.1021/am509094p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was developed for the determination of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) by using N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI)-functionalized gold nanodots/chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (ABEI/GNDs/chitosan/COOH-MWCNTs) hybrid as nanointerface. First, ABEI/GNDs/chitosan/COOH-MWCNTs hybrid nanomaterials were grafted onto the surface of ITO electrode via the film-forming property of hybrid nanomaterials. The anti-NT-proBNP antibody was connected to the surface of modified electrode by virtue of amide reaction via glutaraldehyde. The obtained sensing platform showed strong and stable ECL signal. When NT-proBNP was captured by its antibody immobilized on the sensing platform via immunoreaction, the ECL intensity decreased. Direct ECL signal changes were used for the determination of NT-proBNP. The present ECL immunosensor demonstrated a quite wide linear range of 0.01-100 pg/mL. The achieved low detection limit of 3.86 fg/mL was about 3 orders of magnitude lower than that obtained with electrochemistry method reported previously. Because of the simple and fast analysis, high sensitivity and selectivity, and stable and reliable response, the present immunosensor has been successfully applied to quantify NT-proBNP in practical plasma samples. The success of the sensor in this work also confirms that ABEI/GNDs/chitosan/COOH-MWCNTs hybrid is an ideal nanointerface to fabricate a sensing platform. Furthermore, the proposed strategy could be applied in the detection of other clinically important biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhang
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- ‡Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Zhengzhou 450006, P. R. China
| | - Zhili Han
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fang Li
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Cui
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Di Yang
- §Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Bian
- §Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
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Yang AQ, Wang D, Wang X, Han Y, Ke XB, Wang HJ, Zhou X, Ren L. Rational design of Au nanorods assemblies for highly sensitive and selective SERS detection of prostate specific antigen. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple SERS immunosensor based on AuNRs assembly was developed for rapid detection of specific antigen in early diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-qi Yang
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-bin Ke
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Biomaterials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- People's Republic of China
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Meini N, Ripert M, Chaix C, Farre C, De Crozals G, Kherrat R, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Label-free electrochemical monitoring of protein addressing through electroactivated “click” chemistry on gold electrodes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 38:286-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Zhang H, Cui H. High-density assembly of chemiluminescence functionalized gold nanodots on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their application as biosensing platforms. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2563-2566. [PMID: 24457618 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05574d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A one-step strategy was developed for high-density assembly of N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI) functionalized gold nanodots onto the sidewalls of chitosan-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cs-MWCNTs) via the reduction of HAuCl4 with ABEI in the presence of cs-MWCNTs, resulting in novel hybrid nanomaterials with excellent chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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11
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Signal amplification strategy for sensitive immunoassay of prostate specific antigen (PSA) based on ferrocene incorporated polystyrene spheres. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 793:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Ripert M, Farre C, Chaix C. Selective functionalization of Au electrodes by electrochemical activation of the “click” reaction catalyst. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays: a review of bioanalytical applications. Bioanalysis 2011; 1:1259-69. [PMID: 21083050 DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an overview of the most recent and innovative developments in the field of chemiluminescent immunoassays through carefully selected examples. First, assays using microtiter plates for high-throughput or multiplexed assays aiming to achieve more complex assays through the multiplication of parameters per wells will be described. Systems will then be presented that have been recently developed, motivated by integration and miniaturization of existing immunoassays in more complex experimental setups. Finally, enhanced-performance chemiluminescent biochips, based on chemiluminescent reaction intensification, will be introduced.
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14
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Corgier BP, Bélanger D. Electrochemical surface nanopatterning using microspheres and aryldiazonium. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:5991-7. [PMID: 20235524 DOI: 10.1021/la904521w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A multistep procedure to prepare heterogeneous structured surfaces with contrasted chemical functionalities at the nanometer scale is presented. Aryldiazonium cations are used for the nanopatterning of electrodes to create hybrid surfaces. The nanopatterning procedure involves the auto-organization of a polystyrene (PS) beads layer at gold or glassy carbon electrode surfaces. The deposited beads layer permits masking of a fraction of the surface from a first aryldiazonium electrografting process. By subsequent removal of the PS beads, the ungrafted surface areas become available for either another aryl diazonium electrografting or a metal electrodeposition, leading to hybrid nanostructured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Corgier
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
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15
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Liu J, Liu J, Yang L, Chen X, Zhang M, Meng F, Luo T, Li M. Nanomaterial-assisted signal enhancement of hybridization for DNA biosensors: a review. SENSORS 2009; 9:7343-64. [PMID: 22399999 PMCID: PMC3290467 DOI: 10.3390/s90907343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Detection of DNA sequences has received broad attention due to its potential applications in a variety of fields. As sensitivity of DNA biosensors is determined by signal variation of hybridization events, the signal enhancement is of great significance for improving the sensitivity in DNA detection, which still remains a great challenge. Nanomaterials, which possess some unique chemical and physical properties caused by nanoscale effects, provide a new opportunity for developing novel nanomaterial-based signal-enhancers for DNA biosensors. In this review, recent progress concerning this field, including some newly-developed signal enhancement approaches using quantum-dots, carbon nanotubes and their composites reported by our group and other researchers are comprehensively summarized. Reports on signal enhancement of DNA biosensors by non-nanomaterials, such as enzymes and polymer reagents, are also reviewed for comparison. Furthermore, the prospects for developing DNA biosensors using nanomaterials as signal-enhancers in future are also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuai Liu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86 551 5591142; Fax: +86 551 5591142
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16
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Corgier BP, Bellon S, Anger-Leroy M, Blum LJ, Marquette CA. Protein-diazonium adduct direct electrografting onto SPRi-biochip. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9619-9623. [PMID: 19572537 DOI: 10.1021/la900762s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A direct protein immobilization method for surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) gold chip arraying is exposed. The biomolecule electroaddressing strategy, previously demonstrated by our team on carbon surfaces, is here valuably involved and adapted to create a straightforward and efficient protein immobilization process onto SPRi-biochips. The proteins, modified with an aryl-diazonium adduct, are addressed to the SPRi chip surface through the electroreduction of the aryl-diazonium. The biomolecule deposition was followed through SPRi live measurements during the electrografting process. A specially designed setup enabled us to directly observe the mass increasing at the sensor surface while the proteins were electrografted. A pin electrospotting method, allowing the achievement of distinct sensing layers on gold SPRi-biochips, was used to generate microarray biochips. The integrity of the immobilized proteins and the specificity of the detection, based on antigen/antibody interactions, were demonstrated for the detection of specific antibodies and ovalbumin. The SPRi detection limit of ovalbumin using the electroaddressing of anti-ovalbumin IgG was compared with two other immobilization procedures, cystamine-glutaraldehyde self-assembled monolayer and pyrrole, and was found to be a decade lower than these ones (100 ng/mL, i.e., 2 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Corgier
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Biomoléculaire, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires Université Lyon 1, CNRS 5246 ICBMS Batiment CPE, 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
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17
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Le Floch F, Simonato JP, Bidan G. Electrochemical signature of the grafting of diazonium salts: A probing parameter for monitoring the electro-addressed functionalization of devices. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Lin J, Zhang H, Zhang S. New bienzymatic strategy for glucose determination by immobilized-gold nanoparticle-enhanced chemiluminescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-008-0152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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20
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Disposable screen-printed chemiluminescent biochips for the simultaneous determination of four point-of-care relevant proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:1191-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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McCreery RL. Advanced carbon electrode materials for molecular electrochemistry. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2646-87. [PMID: 18557655 DOI: 10.1021/cr068076m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1448] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L McCreery
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada.
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22
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Louault C, D'Amours M, Bélanger D. The Electrochemical Grafting of a Mixture of Substituted Phenyl Groups at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1164-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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