1
|
Maffre M, Wang X, Deng J, Deebansok S, Zhu Y, Favier F, Bélanger D, Fontaine O. Continuous medium approach to approximate the high concentrated aqueous electrolyte with different types of electrochemical structure. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:104708. [PMID: 37702360 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Superconcentrated aqueous electrolytes have recently emerged as a new class of electrolytes, called water-in-salt electrolytes. They are distinguished, in both weight and volume, by a quantity of salt greater than water. Currently, these electrolytes are attracting major interest, particularly for application in aqueous rechargeable batteries. These electrolytes have only a small amount of free water due to an ultrahigh salt concentration. Consequently, the electrochemical stability window of water is wider than the predicted thermodynamic value of 1.23 V. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been shown to be shifted to more negative and positive potentials, respectively. The decrease in free water population is recognized as being involved in the increase in the electrochemical stability window of water. Here, we study the quantitative contribution of the decrease in the free water molecule concentration to the permittivity of the solution and of the activity of water to the OER and HER overpotentials when the salt concentration increases. We compare our model with that of Kornyshev and get three types of electrolyte structures: diluted, gradient of water contents, and aggregation. The theoretical calculation of the redox potentials of the OER and HER is compared with the experimentally determined electrochemical properties of aqueous LiTFSI electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Maffre
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de Chimie, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Xuanze Wang
- Molecular Electrochemistry for Energy Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute for Advanced Study and College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Siraprapha Deebansok
- Molecular Electrochemistry for Energy Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Yachao Zhu
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Daniel Bélanger
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de Chimie, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Olivier Fontaine
- Molecular Electrochemistry for Energy Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campanella D, Zhu W, Girard G, Savoie S, Kaboli S, Feng Z, Guerfi A, Romio M, Molaiyan P, Bélanger D, Paolella A. Hexavalent Ions Insertion in Garnet Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Toward a Low Temperature Densification Reaction. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202300399. [PMID: 37171048 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, solid electrolytes are considered the main alternative to conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium batteries. The fabrication of these materials is however limited by the strict synthesis conditions, requiring high temperatures which can negatively impact the final performances. Here, it is shown that a modification of garnet-based Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 (LLZO) and the incorporation of tellurium can accelerate the synthesis process by lowering the formation temperature of cubic LLZO at temperatures below 700 °C. Optimized synthesis at 750 °C showed a decrease in particle size and cell parameter for samples with higher amounts of Te and the evaluation of electrochemical performances reported for LLZO Te0.25 a value of ionic conductivity of 5,15×10-5 S cm-1 after hot-pressing at 700 °C, two orders of magnitude higher than commercial Al-LLZO undergoing the same working conditions, and the highest value at this densification temperature. Partial segregation of Te-rich phases occurs for high-temperature densification. Our study shows the advantages of Te insertion on the sintering process of LLZO garnet and demonstrates the achievement of highly conductive LLZO with a low-temperature treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Campanella
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Wen Zhu
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Gabriel Girard
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Sylvio Savoie
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Shirin Kaboli
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Zimin Feng
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Abdelbast Guerfi
- Centre d'Excellence en Électrification des Transports et Stockage d'Energie (CEETSE), Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Martina Romio
- Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Battery Tecnologies, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Palanivel Molaiyan
- Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Battery Tecnologies, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Andrea Paolella
- Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Battery Tecnologies, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Wien, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry-Functional Materials, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amiri M, Bélanger D. Intermolecular Interactions and Electrochemical Studies on Highly Concentrated Acetate-Based Water-in-Salt and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2979-2990. [PMID: 36952601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-salt electrolytes constitute a new class of materials that have distinct properties relative to lower-concentration solutions. A recent approach to further increase the salt concentration and decrease the water content includes the addition of an ionic liquid to a highly concentrated aqueous solution. However, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of aqueous lithium acetate-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate solutions as well as the molecular interactions between electrolyte species have not been characterized. Here, we investigate these properties by evaluation of the ionic conductivity, viscosity, and thermal properties as well as the electrochemical behavior of various electrodes in these electrolytes. The intermolecular interactions are probed by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopies. We find that the addition of the ionic liquid increases the solubility limit of lithium acetate and that with an increase in both acetate salt and ionic liquid concentration in the electrolyte and decrease in water concentration, a strong acetate-water network is formed. The electrochemical stability window increases upon addition of the ionic liquid and reaches a value larger than 5 V for a set of negative Al and positive Ti electrodes in the highest acetate salt/ionic liquid concentration. Preliminary electrochemical charge storage performance measurements of a symmetric device based on two porous carbon electrodes cycled at a current density of 25 mA g-1 delivered a specific capacitance of 20 F g-1 with a Coulombic efficiency higher than 99% using a 1.8 V voltage window.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amiri
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sánchez-Ramírez N, Monje IE, Bélanger D, Camargo PH, Torresi RM. High rate and long-term cycling of silicon anodes with phosphonium-based ionic liquids as electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
5
|
Sánchez‐Ramírez N, Monje IE, Martins VL, Bélanger D, Camargo PHC, Torresi RM. Four Phosphonium‐based Ionic Liquids. Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Performance as Electrolytes for Silicon Anodes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nedher Sánchez‐Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748 05500-000 São Paulo Brazil
- Departamento de Ciencias Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia – UTEC Barranco Lima Peru
| | - Ivonne E. Monje
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748 05500-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vitor L. Martins
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748 05500-000 São Paulo Brazil
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais Escola Politécnica Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 2463 05508-030 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- NanoQAM and Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Case Postale 8888 Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Pedro H. C. Camargo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748 05500-000 São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Roberto M. Torresi
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748 05500-000 São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oyarzún MP, Silva N, Cortés-Arriagada D, Silva JF, Ponce IO, Flores M, Tammeveski K, Bélanger D, Zitolo A, Jaouen F, Zagal JH. Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of Fe phthalocyanines for the oxygen reduction reaction by the presence of axial ligands: Pyridine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
7
|
Monje IE, Sanchez-Ramirez N, Santagneli SH, Camargo PH, Bélanger D, Schougaard SB, Torresi RM. In situ-formed nitrogen-doped carbon/silicon-based materials as negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
Amiri M, Shul G, Donzel N, Bélanger D. Aqueous electrochemical energy storage system based on phenanthroline- and anthraquinone-modified carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Amiri M, Bélanger D. Zinc Electrodeposition in Acetate‐based Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amiri
- Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec Canada H3C 3P8
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amiri M, Bélanger D. Physicochemical and Electrochemical Properties of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:2487-2500. [PMID: 33973406 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous electrolytes are attractive for applications in electrochemical technologies due to features like being eco-friendly, cost effective, and non-flammable. Very recently, superconcentrated aqueous electrolytes, such as so-called water-in-salt, water-in-bisalt, and hydrate melt, have received a significant attention for electrochemical energy storage due to enhanced stability and much wider electrochemical stability window. This Review focuses on the physicochemical properties of the highly concentrated electrolytes that are derived from several analysis techniques and simulation. A summary of most common features such as ions-water interactions, structure of species present in the electrolyte, conductivity, and viscosity of the electrolytes found in the literature are presented as well. In addition, this Review explains how these characteristics affect the electrochemical behavior of the electrolyte such as double layer structure and electrode/electrolyte interface leading to enhanced electrochemical stability of aqueous electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amiri
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saneifar H, Bélanger D. Synthesis and characterization of aryl substituted functionalized graphene sheets and their electrochemical behavior. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
12
|
Scovil CY, Delparte JJ, Walia S, Flett HM, Guy SD, Wallace M, Burns AS, Wolfe DL, Wolfe D, Kras-Dupuis A, Walia S, Guy S, Askes H, Casalino A, Fraser C, Paiva M, Miles S, Gagliardi J, Orenczuk S, Sommerdyk J, Genereaux M, Jarvis D, Wesenger J, Bloetjes L, Flett H, Burns A, Scovil C, Delparte J, Leber D, McMillan L, Domingo T, Wallace M, Stoesz B, Aguillon G, Koning C, Mumme L, Cwiklewich M, Bayless K, Crouse L, Crocker J, Erickson G, Mark M, Charbonneau R, Lloyd A, Van Doesburg C, Knox J, Wright P, Mouneimne M, Parmar R, Isaacs T, Reader J, Oga C, Birchall N, McKenzie N, Nicol S, Joly C, Laramée M, Robidoux I, Casimir M, Côté S, Lubin C, Lemay J, Beaulieu J, Truchon C, Noreau L, Lemay V, Vachon J, Bélanger D, Proteau F, O'Connell C, Savoie J, McCullum S, Brown J, Duda M, Bassett-Spiers K, Riopelle R, Hsieh J, Reinhart-McMillan W, Joshi P, Noonan V, Humphreys S, Hamilton L, MacIsaac G. Implementation of Pressure Injury Prevention Best Practices Across 6 Canadian Rehabilitation Sites: Results From the Spinal Cord Injury Knowledge Mobilization Network. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 100:327-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.07.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
13
|
Mooste M, Kibena-Põldsepp E, Ossonon BD, Bélanger D, Tammeveski K. Oxygen reduction on graphene sheets functionalised by anthraquinone diazonium compound during electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
14
|
Lebègue E, Agullo J, Bélanger D. Electrochemical Behavior of Pyridinium and N-Methyl Pyridinium Cations in Aqueous Electrolytes for CO 2 Reduction. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:219-228. [PMID: 29024548 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of aqueous pyridinium and N-methyl pyridinium ions is investigated in the absence and presence of CO2 and electrolysis reaction products on glassy carbon, Au, and Pt electrodes are studied. Unlike pyridinium, N-methyl pyridinium is not electroactive at the Pt electrode. The electrochemical reduction of the two pyridine derivatives was found to be irreversible on glassy carbon. These results confirmed the essential role of the N-H bond of the pyridinium cation. In contrast, the electrochemical response of N-methyl pyridinium ion at the glassy carbon electrode suggests that a specific interaction occurs between the glassy carbon surface and the aromatic ring of the pyridinium derivative. For all electrodes, an enhancement of current was observed in the presence of CO2 . However, NMR spectroscopy of the solutions following electrolysis showed no formation of methanol or other possible byproducts of the reduction of CO2 in the presence of either pyridinium derivative ion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Lebègue
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Julia Agullo
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brousse T, Cougnon C, Bélanger D. Grafting of Quinones on Carbons as Active Electrode Materials in Electrochemical Capacitors. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.21577/0103-5053.20180015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
16
|
Assresahegn BD, Bélanger D. Effects of the Formulations of Silicon-Based Composite Anodes on their Mechanical, Storage, and Electrochemical Properties. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:4080-4089. [PMID: 28834635 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of the formulation of silicon-based composite anodes on their mechanical, storage, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The electrode formulation was changed through the use of hydrogenated or modified (through the covalent attachment of a binding additive such as polyacrylic acid) silicon and acetylene black or graphene sheets as conducting additives. A composite anode with a covalently grafted binder had the highest elongation without breakages and strong adhesion to the current collector. These mechanical properties depend significantly on the conductive carbon additive used and the use of graphene sheets instead of acetylene black can improve elongation and adhesion significantly. After 180 days of storage under ambient conditions, the electronic conductivity and discharge capacity of the modified silicon electrode showed much smaller decreases in these properties than those of the hydrogenated silicon composite electrode, indicating that the modification can result in passivation and a constant composition of the active material. Moreover, the composite Si anode has a high packing density. Consequently, thin-film electrodes with very high material loadings can be prepared without decreased electrochemical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Desalegn Assresahegn
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de Chimie, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de Chimie, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Diazonium chemistry concomitant with in situ electrochemical reduction was used to graft an aryl aldehyde to indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. This served as an anchor for preparing electroactive azomethines that were covalently bonded to the transparent electrode. The immobilized azomethines could undergo multiple step-wise component exchanges with different arylamines. The write-erase-write sequences were electrochemically confirmed. The azomethines could also be reversibly hydrolyzed. This was exploited for multiple azomethine-hydrolysis cycles resulting in discrete electroactive immobilized azomethines. The erase-rewrite sequences were also electrochemically confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lerond
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie, Pavillon JA Bombardier, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Coustan L, Shul G, Bélanger D. Electrochemical behavior of platinum, gold and glassy carbon electrodes in water-in-salt electrolyte. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
19
|
Abstract
We report modification of graphene oxide by thermal reduction to obtain reduced graphene oxide and subsequent functionalization with sulfophenyl groups to obtain SRGO as well as the characterization of these materials by TGA-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de chimie
- Université du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chiu Y, Chebana F, Abdous B, Bélanger D, Gosselin P. Mortality and morbidity peaks modeling: An extreme value theory approach. Stat Methods Med Res 2016; 27:1498-1512. [DOI: 10.1177/0962280216662494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hospitalizations and deaths belong to the most studied health variables in public health. Those variables are usually analyzed through mean events and trends, based on the whole dataset. However, this approach is not appropriate to comprehend health outcome peaks which are unusual events that strongly impact the health care network (e.g. overflow in hospital emergency rooms). Peaks can also be of interest in etiological research, for instance when analyzing relationships with extreme exposures (meteorological conditions, air pollution, social stress, etc.). Therefore, this paper aims at modeling health variables exclusively through the peaks, which is rarely done except over short periods. Establishing a rigorous and general methodology to identify peaks is another goal of this study. To this end, the extreme value theory appears adequate with statistical tools for selecting and modeling peaks. Selection and analysis for deaths and hospitalizations peaks using extreme value theory have not been applied in public health yet. Therefore, this study also has an exploratory goal. A declustering procedure is applied to the raw data in order to meet extreme value theory requirements. The application is done on hospitalization and death peaks for cardiovascular diseases, in the Montreal and Quebec metropolitan communities (Canada) for the period 1981–2011. The peak return levels are obtained from the modeling and can be useful in hospital management or planning future capacity needs for health care facilities, for example. This paper focuses on one class of diseases in two cities, but the methodology can be applied to any other health peaks series anywhere, as it is data driven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Chiu
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, centre ETE, Québec, Canada
| | - F Chebana
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, centre ETE, Québec, Canada
| | - B Abdous
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - D Bélanger
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, centre ETE, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - P Gosselin
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, centre ETE, Québec, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gambou-Bosca A, Bélanger D. Electrochemical accessibility of porous submicron MnO2 spheres as active electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Benoit
- Université d'Angers; CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 ANGERS cedex France
| | - Dora Demeter
- Université d'Angers; CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 ANGERS cedex France
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie; Université du Québec à Montréal; C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville Montréal Québec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Charles Cougnon
- Université d'Angers; CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 ANGERS cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Benoit C, Demeter D, Bélanger D, Cougnon C. A Redox-Active Binder for Electrochemical Capacitor Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5318-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Benoit
- Université d'Angers; CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 ANGERS cedex France
| | - Dora Demeter
- Université d'Angers; CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 ANGERS cedex France
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie; Université du Québec à Montréal; C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville Montréal Québec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Charles Cougnon
- Université d'Angers; CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; 2 bd Lavoisier 49045 ANGERS cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shul G, Weissmann M, Bélanger D. Correction to "Electrochemical Formation of an Ultrathin Electroactive Film from 1,10-Phenanthroline on a Glassy Carbon Electrode in Acidic Electrolyte". Langmuir 2016; 32:1419. [PMID: 26820159 DOI: 10.1021/la504842s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
|
26
|
Abstract
The self-discharge of hybrid electrochemical capacitors based on the redox activity of electrolyte additives or grafted species to the electrode material is investigated simultaneously for the cell and each individual electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galyna Shul
- Département Chimie
- Université du Québec à Montréal
- CP8888
- Succursale Centre-Ville
- Montréal
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département Chimie
- Université du Québec à Montréal
- CP8888
- Succursale Centre-Ville
- Montréal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Delaporte N, Zaghib K, Bélanger D. In situ formation of bromobenzene diazonium ions and their spontaneous reaction with carbon-coated LiFePO4 in organic media. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00132g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the diazotization of bromoaniline in the presence of carbon-coated LiFePO4 and the grafting of bromobenzene moieties are investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delaporte
- Département de Chimie
- Université du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Québec (IREQ)
- Varennes
- Canada J3X 1S1
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie
- Université du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada H3C 3P8
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Delaporte N, Perea A, Lebègue E, Ladouceur S, Zaghib K, Bélanger D. Increasing the Affinity Between Carbon-Coated LiFePO4/C Electrodes and Conventional Organic Electrolyte by Spontaneous Grafting of a Benzene-Trifluoromethylsulfonimide Moiety. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:18519-18529. [PMID: 26186016 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The grafting of benzene-trifluoromethylsulfonimide groups on LiFePO4/C was achieved by spontaneous reduction of in situ generated diazonium ions of the corresponding 4-amino-benzene-trifluoromethylsulfonimide. The diazotization of 4-amino-benzene-trifluoromethylsulfonimide was a slow process that required a high concentration of precursors to promote the spontaneous grafting reaction. Contact angle measurements showed a hydrophilic surface was produced after the reaction that is consistent with grafting of benzene-trifluoromethylsulfonimide groups. Elemental analysis data revealed a 2.1 wt % loading of grafted molecules on the LiFePO4/C powder. Chemical oxidation of the cathode material during the grafting reaction was detected by X-ray diffraction and quantified by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Surface modification improves the wettability of the cathode material, and better discharge capacities were obtained for modified electrodes at high C-rate. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed the resistance of the modified cathode was lower than that of the bare LiFePO4/C film electrode. Moreover, the modified cathode displayed superior capacity retention after 200 cycles of charge/discharge at 1 C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delaporte
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal , Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Alexis Perea
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal , Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Estelle Lebègue
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal , Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Sébastien Ladouceur
- Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Québec (IREQ) , 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S1
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Québec (IREQ) , 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S1
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal , Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shul G, Weissmann M, Bélanger D. Electrochemical characterization of glassy carbon electrode modified with 1,10-phenanthroline groups by two pathways: reduction of the corresponding diazonium ions and reduction of phenanthroline. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Le Comte A, Brousse T, Bélanger D. Simpler and greener grafting method for improving the stability of anthraquinone-modified carbon electrode in alkaline media. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
Shul G, Weissmann M, Bélanger D. Electrochemical formation of an ultrathin electroactive film from 1,10-phenanthroline on a glassy carbon electrode in acidic electrolyte. Langmuir 2014; 30:6612-6621. [PMID: 24811121 DOI: 10.1021/la500349t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of 1,10-phenanthroline in aqueous acidic electrolyte at a glassy carbon electrode led to the covalent modification of the electrode. Thereafter, the deposited film can be switched to an electroactive form by electrochemical oxidation. An electroactive film can be also generated by alternate reductive and oxidative voltammetric cycling in a 1,10-phenanthroline/aqueous sulfuric acid solution. First, the electrochemical procedure for the formation of a film is presented. Second, the morphology and chemical structure of 1,10-phenanthroline coatings were investigated by atomic force microscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques. The ultrathin (<15 nm) electrodeposited films consist of oligomeric species. The coatings deposited in alternate and/or continuous reductive and oxidative steps contain oxygen atoms incorporated into the oligomer backbone. The preliminary results point out the formation of a dione derivative that is responsible for the electroactivity of the grafted layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galyna Shul
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal , CP8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec Canada H3C 3P8
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lebègue E, Agullo J, Morin M, Bélanger D. The Role of Surface Hydrogen Atoms in the Electrochemical Reduction of Pyridine and CO2in Aqueous Electrolyte. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Bouchard C, Leighton PA, Beauchamp G, Nguon S, Trudel L, Milord F, Lindsay LR, Bélanger D, Ogden NH. Harvested white-tailed deer as sentinel hosts for early establishing Ixodes scapularis populations and risk from vector-borne zoonoses in southeastern Canada. J Med Entomol 2013; 50:384-393. [PMID: 23540128 DOI: 10.1603/me12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to recent establishment of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, in southeastern Canada, tick-borne zoonoses (Lyme disease, human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis) are of growing concern for public health. Using white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) culled in southwestern Quebec during 2007-2008, we investigated whether hunter-killed deer could act as sentinels for early establishing tick populations and for tick-borne pathogens. Accounting for environmental characteristics of culling sites, and age and sex of deer, we investigated whether their tick infestation levels could identify locations of known tick populations detected in active surveillance, presumed tick populations detected by passive surveillance, or both. We also used spatial cluster analyses to identify spatial patterns of tick infestation and occurrence of tick-borne zoonoses infection in ticks collected from the deer. Adult ticks were found on 15% of the 583 deer examined. Adult male deer had the greatest number (approximately 90%) of adult ticks. Overall, 3, 15, and 0% of the ticks collected were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia microti, respectively. Our statistical analyses suggest that sex and age of deer, temperature, precipitation, and an index of tick dispersion by migratory birds were significantly associated with tick infestation levels. Cluster analysis identified significant clusters of deer carrying ticks PCR-positive for A. phagocytophilum, and for deer carrying two or more I. scapularis. Our study suggests that hunter-killed deer may be effective as sentinels for emerging areas of tick-borne anaplasmosis. They may have limited use as sentinels for early emerging I. scapularis tick populations and emerging Lyme disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bouchard
- Groupe de recherche en epidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 7C6 QC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shul G, Parent R, Mosqueda HA, Bélanger D. Localized in situ generation of diazonium cations by electrocatalytic formation of a diazotization reagent. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:1468-1473. [PMID: 23350670 DOI: 10.1021/am302971q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new one-step electrochemical approach for the localized generation of diazonium cations in the diffusion layer of an electrode by taking advantage of the electrocatalytic properties of the electrode for the formation of the diazotization agent (nitrite) is proposed. Once nitrite anions are formed by electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate, they immediately react with an arylamine to produce the corresponding diazonium cations, which can be electrochemically readily reduced at the electrode surface. By this method, spontaneous modification of the electrode surface can be avoided. Furthermore, because the potential of the electrochemical nitrate reduction depends strongly on the nature of the electrode material, we also demonstrate that selective grafting can be achieved on a surface, which consists of two different materials: copper-gold or copper-glassy carbon substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galyna Shul
- Département Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Le Vot S, Roué L, Bélanger D. Study of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia on platinum in alkaline solution: Effect of electrodeposition potential on the activity of platinum. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
37
|
Cottineau T, Morin M, Bélanger D. Surface band structure of aryl-diazonium modified p-Si electrodes determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
38
|
Athouël L, Arcidiacono P, Ramirez-Castro C, Crosnier O, Hamel C, Dandeville Y, Guillemet P, Scudeller Y, Guay D, Bélanger D, Brousse T. Investigation of cavity microelectrode technique for electrochemical study with manganese dioxides. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
39
|
Pognon G, Cougnon C, Mayilukila D, Bélanger D. Catechol-modified activated carbon prepared by the diazonium chemistry for application as active electrode material in electrochemical capacitor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:3788-3796. [PMID: 22803766 DOI: 10.1021/am301284n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (Black Pearls 2000) modified with electroactive catechol groups was evaluated for charge storage application as active composite electrode material in an aqueous electrochemical capacitor. High surface area Black Pearls 2000 carbon was functionalized by introduction of catechol groups by spontaneous reduction of catechol diazonium ions in situ prepared in aqueous solution from the corresponding amine. Change in the specific surface area and pore texture of the carbon following grafting was monitored by nitrogen gas adsorption measurements. The electrochemical properties and the chemical composition of the catechol-modified carbon electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Such carbon-modified electrode combines well the faradaic capacitance, originating from the redox activity of the surface immobilized catechol groups, to the electrochemical double layer capacitance of the high surface area Black Pearls carbon. Due to the faradaic contribution, the catechol-modified electrode exhibits a higher specific capacitance (250 F/g) than pristine carbon (150 F/g) over a potential range of -0.4 to 0.75 V in 1 M H(2)SO(4). The stability of the modified electrode evaluated by long-time charge/discharge cycling revealed a low decrease of the capacitance of the catechol-modified carbon due to the loss of the catechol redox activity. Nonetheless, it was demonstrated that the benefit of redox groups persists for 10, 000 constant current charge/discharge cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Pognon
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shwiff S, Aenishaenslin C, Ludwig A, Berthiaume P, Bigras-Poulin M, Kirkpatrick K, Lambert L, Bélanger D. Bioeconomic modelling of raccoon rabies spread management impacts in Quebec, Canada. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 60:330-7. [PMID: 22709550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Beginning in 2006, point infection control operations and aerial distribution of oral rabies vaccines along the US border were performed in Quebec, Canada, to control the potential spread of raccoon rabies. A benefit-cost analysis assessed the economic efficiency of this rabies control programme into the future. In this study, a mathematical simulation model was used to determine the potential spread of raccoon rabies from the 2006 index case, and incidence rates of human post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), animal testing and human exposure investigations were calculated. Benefits were calculated as the potential savings from reduced numbers of human PEP, animal testing and human exposure investigations owing to control, which ranged from $47 million to $53 million. Programme cost scenarios were based on projections of total expenditures, which ranged from $33 million to $49 million. Economic efficiency was indicated for approximately half of the modelled scenarios, with the greatest benefit-cost ratios resulting from reduced future programme costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Shwiff
- National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Agullo J, Canesi S, Schaper F, Morin M, Bélanger D. Formation and reactivity of 3-diazopyridinium cations and influence on their reductive electrografting on glassy carbon. Langmuir 2012; 28:4889-4895. [PMID: 22324405 DOI: 10.1021/la2048757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The in situ generation of 3-diazonium cations from 3-aminopyridine and their subsequent stability under experimental conditions used for electrografting of pyridine groups were investigated by spectroscopy and electrochemistry. UV spectroscopy revealed the rapid kinetics for the reaction of 3-aminopyridine with sodium nitrite in HCl to form the 3-diazopyridinium cation with a second-order rate constant of 550 ± 20 L mol(-1) s(-1) at 22 °C. UV spectroscopy showed that the 3-diazopyridinium ion was relatively unstable and its transformation into 3-hydroxypyridine was proven by (1)H NMR. Its hydrolytic decomposition was investigated by NMR and followed first-order kinetics with a rate constant of (53 ± 5) × 10(-3) s(-1) at 22 °C. These results enable us to establish the appropriate conditions for the electrografting of pyridine from the corresponding diazonium cations generated in situ. The electrochemical modification of glassy carbon electrodes with pyridine was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and the resulting grafted layer by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the presence of Fe(CN)(6)(3-/4-) as redox probes. The effect of diazotization time before electrochemical reduction on the blocking effect of the grafted layer was investigated and showed that an increase of the diazotization time led to less efficient grafting. The presence of immobilized pyridine on the electrode surface was demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, and a surface coverage of 8.8 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2) was estimated for the grafted pyridine groups. The significance of these results for researchers using the in situ generation approach for electrochemical and chemical grafting is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Agullo
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Bouchard C, Beauchamp G, Nguon S, Trudel L, Milord F, Lindsay LR, Bélanger D, Ogden NH. Associations between Ixodes scapularis ticks and small mammal hosts in a newly endemic zone in southeastern Canada: implications for Borrelia burgdorferi transmission. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2011; 2:183-90. [PMID: 22108010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Immature Ixodes scapularis infestation and Borrelia burgdorferi infection of wild small mammals were studied from June to October in 2007 and from May to October in 2008 at 71 study sites in a zone where I. scapularis populations and environmental Lyme disease risk are emerging in southwestern Quebec. Seasonal host-seeking activity of immature I. scapularis was similar to patterns reported previously in Canada and the USA: nymphal activity peaked in spring while larval activity peaked in late summer. Synchronous activity of nymphs with some larvae was observed in late spring, which could favour establishment of B. burgdorferi strains that cause short-lived infections in their hosts. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), deer mice (P. maniculatus), chipmunks (Tamias striatus), and red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) carried 92.0% of the larvae and 94.2% of the nymphs collected. Adult male white-footed mice carried significantly larger numbers of both larval and nymphal I. scapularis than other species and classes of small mammals (different demographic groups or physiological status: age, sex, sexual activity). We conclude that seasonality and host association were comparable to previous studies in North America, even in the context of a newly endemic pattern of low infection prevalence and low densities of host-seeking and feeding I. scapularis in southwestern Quebec. Our studies suggest that B. burgdorferi transmission cycles are focused on adult male mice (which carried 35% of all feeding ticks collected in the study), so control methods targeting this class of hosts may be particularly effective. However, our study also suggested that habitats containing a diverse host structure may dilute transmission cycles by partitioning of nymphal and larval ticks on different host species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bouchard
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cougnon C, Nguyen NH, Dabos-Seignon S, Mauzeroll J, Bélanger D. Carbon surface derivatization by electrochemical reduction of a diazonium salt in situ produced from the nitro precursor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Perret P, Khani Z, Brousse T, Bélanger D, Guay D. Carbon/PbO2 asymmetric electrochemical capacitor based on methanesulfonic acid electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
46
|
Reyter D, Bélanger D, Roué L. Optimization of the cathode material for nitrate removal by a paired electrolysis process. J Hazard Mater 2011; 192:507-513. [PMID: 21703761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ni, Cu, Cu(90)Ni(10) and Cu(70)Ni(30) were evaluated as cathode materials for the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen by a paired electrolysis process using an undivided flow-through electrolyzer. Firstly, corrosion measurements revealed that Ni and Cu(70)Ni(30) electrodes have a much better corrosion resistance than Cu and Cu(90)Ni(10) in the presence of chloride, nitrate and ammonia. Secondly, nitrate electroreduction experiments showed that the cupro-nickel electrodes are the most efficient for reducing nitrate to ammonia with a selectivity of 100%. Finally, paired electrolysis experiments confirmed the efficiency of Cu(70)Ni(30) and Cu(90)Ni(10) cathodes for the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen. During a typical electrolysis, the concentration of nitrate varied from 620ppm to less than 50ppm NO(3)(-) with an N(2) selectivity of 100% and a mean energy consumption of 20kWh/kg NO(3)(-) (compared to ∼35 and ∼220kWh/kg NO(3)(-) with Cu and Ni cathodes, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Reyter
- INRS Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 bd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Abstract
A multistep procedure to prepare heterogeneous structured surfaces with contrasted chemical functionalities at the nanometer scale is presented. Aryldiazonium cations are used for the nanopatterning of electrodes to create hybrid surfaces. The nanopatterning procedure involves the auto-organization of a polystyrene (PS) beads layer at gold or glassy carbon electrode surfaces. The deposited beads layer permits masking of a fraction of the surface from a first aryldiazonium electrografting process. By subsequent removal of the PS beads, the ungrafted surface areas become available for either another aryl diazonium electrografting or a metal electrodeposition, leading to hybrid nanostructured surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Corgier
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Reyter D, Bélanger D, Roué L. Nitrate removal by a paired electrolysis on copper and Ti/IrO(2) coupled electrodes - influence of the anode/cathode surface area ratio. Water Res 2010; 44:1918-1926. [PMID: 20031186 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nitrate removal in alkaline media by a paired electrolysis with copper cathode and Ti/IrO(2) anode enabled the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen. Optimum conditions for carrying out reduction of nitrate to ammonia and subsequent oxidation of the produced ammonia to nitrogen were found. At the copper cathode, electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia was optimal near -1.4 V vs Hg/HgO. At the Ti/IrO(2) anode, a pH value of 12, the presence of chloride and a potential fixed around 2.3 V vs Hg/HgO permitted the production of hypochlorite, leading to the oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen with a N(2) selectivity of 100%. Controlling the cathode/anode surface area ratio, and thus the current density, appeared to be a very efficient way of shifting electrode potentials to optimal values, consequently favoring the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen during a paired galvanostatic electrolysis. A cathode/anode surface area ratio of 2.25 was shown to be the most efficient to convert nitrate to nitrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Reyter
- INRS Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 bd. Lionel Boulet, Varennes (Qc), Canada, J3X 1S2
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pech D, Brousse T, Bélanger D, Guay D. EQCM study of electrodeposited PbO2: Investigation of the gel formation and discharge mechanisms. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|