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Jiao Y, Zhao C, Yang C, Kang Y, Gao X, Wang H, Song L, He B. A numerical study on ion concentration polarization and electric circuit performance of an electrokinetic battery. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:811-820. [PMID: 32097991 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ion concentration polarization (ICP) imposes remarkable adverse effects on the energy conversion performance of the pressure-driven electrokinetic (EK) flows through a capillary system that can be equivalently treated as a battery. An optimized dimensionless numerical method is proposed in this study to investigate the causes and the effects of the ICP. Results show that remarkable ICP phenomena are induced under certain conditions such as high applied pressure, high surface charge density, and small inversed Debye length at dimensionless values of 6000, -10, and 0.5. Meanwhile, different factors influence the ICP and the corresponding electric properties in different ways. Particularly for the overall electric resistance, the applied pressure and the surface charge density mainly affect the variation amplitude and the level of the overall electric resistance when varying the output electric potential, respectively. Differently, the Debye length affects the overall electric resistance in both aspects. Ultimately, the induced ICP leads to significant nonlinear current-potential curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Jiao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Cunlu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chun Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiumin Gao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Linhui Song
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Bin He
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Shocron AN, Suss ME. The effect of surface transport on water desalination by porous electrodes undergoing capacitive charging. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:084003. [PMID: 28092627 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/29/8/084003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a technology in which water is desalinated by ion electrosorption into the electric double layers (EDLs) of charging porous electrodes. In recent years significant advances have been made in modeling the charge and salt dynamics in a CDI cell, but the possible effect of surface transport within diffuse EDLs on these dynamics has not been investigated. We here present theory which includes surface transport in describing the dynamics of a charging CDI cell. Through our numerical solution to the presented models, the possible effect of surface transport on the CDI process is elucidated. While at some model conditions surface transport enhances the rate of CDI cell charging, counter-intuitively this additional transport pathway is found to slow down cell charging at other model conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit N Shocron
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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3
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Nanometer-thick lateral polyelectrolyte micropatterns induce macrosopic electro-osmotic chaotic fluid instabilities. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4294. [PMID: 24598972 PMCID: PMC3944711 DOI: 10.1038/srep04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electro-convective vortices in ion concentration polarization under shear flow have been of practical relevance for desalination processes using electrodialysis. The phenomenon has been scientifically disregarded for decades, but is recently embraced by a growing fluid dynamics community due its complex superposition of multi-scale gradients in electrochemical potential and space charge interacting with emerging complex fluid momentum gradients. While the visualization, quantification and fundamental understanding of the often-chaotic fluid dynamics is evolving rapidly due to sophisticated simulations and experimentation, little is known whether these instabilities can be induced and affected by chemical topological heterogeneity in surface properties. In this letter, we report that polyelectrolyte layers applied as micropatterns on ion exchange membranes induce and facilitate the electro-osmotic fluid instabilities. The findings stimulate a variety of fundamental questions comparable to the complexity of today's turbulence research.
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Mishchuk NA, Lysenko LL, Nesmeyanova TA, Barinova NO. Nonstationary processes in an ion-exchange membranes-diaphragm-ion-exchange resin system. 1. Concentration polarization. COLLOID JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x13050104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sun TR, Ottosen LM, Mortensen J. Electrodialytic soil remediation enhanced by low frequency pulse current--overall chronopotentiometric measurement. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1520-1525. [PMID: 22980958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of low frequency pulse current on decreasing the polarization and energy consumption during the process of electrodialytic soil remediation was investigated in the present work. The results indicated that the transportation of cations through the cation exchange membrane was the rate controlling step both in constant and pulse current experiments, thus responsible for the major energy consumption. After 180 h, a decrease in both the initial ohmic resistance in each pulse cycle and the resistance caused by concentration polarization of the anion exchange membrane were seen in the pulse current experiment compared to the constant current experiment. At the cation exchange membrane, only the resistance caused by concentration polarization decreased. In the soil compartment, an average of +60 mV overpotential caused by the polarization of the electric double layer of the clay particles was obtained from the Nernstian behavior simulation of the relaxation process, which was significantly lower than the ohmic voltage drop induced by pore fluid resistance. Therefore, the ohmic polarization was the major contributor to the energy consumption in the soil compartment and diminished by pulse current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian R Sun
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Sun TR, Ottosen LM, Jensen PE. Pulse current enhanced electrodialytic soil remediation--comparison of different pulse frequencies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 237-238:299-306. [PMID: 22954604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Energy consumption is an important factor influencing the cost of electrodialytic soil remediation (EDR). It has been indicated that the pulse current (in low frequency range) could decrease the energy consumption during EDR. This work is focused on the comparison of energy saving effect at different pulse frequencies. Based on the restoration of equilibrium, the relaxation process of the soil-water system was investigated by chronopotentiometric analysis to find the optimal relaxation time for energy saving. Results showed that the pulse current decreased the energy consumption with different extent depending on the pulse frequency. The experiment with the frequency of 16 cycles per day showed the best restoration of equilibrium and lowest energy consumption. The energy consumption per removed heavy metals was lower in pulse current experiments than constant current and increased with the pulse frequency. It was found that the transportation of cations through the cation exchange membrane was the rate controlling step both in constant and pulse current experiments, thus responsible for the major energy consumption. Substitution of the cation exchange membrane with filter paper resulted in a dramatic decrease in energy consumption, but this change impeded the acidification process and thus the removal of heavy metals decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian R Sun
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Nge PN, Yang W, Pagaduan JV, Woolley AT. Ion-permeable membrane for on-chip preconcentration and separation of cancer marker proteins. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1133-40. [PMID: 21544838 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer marker proteins have been electrophoretically concentrated and then separated in a microfluidic device. On-chip preconcentration was achieved using an ion-permeable membrane, consisting of acrylamide, N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide and 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate. This negatively charged membrane was photopolymerized in the microdevice near the injection intersection. Anionic proteins were excluded from the porous membrane based on both size and charge, which concentrated target components in the injection intersection prior to separation by microchip capillary electrophoresis (μ-CE). Bovine serum albumin was used in the initial characterization of the system and showed a 40-fold enrichment in the μ-CE peak with 4 min of preconcentration. Adjustment of buffer pH enabled baseline resolution of two cancer biomarkers, α-fetoprotein (AFP) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), while fine control over preconcentration time limited peak broadening. Our optimized preconcentration and μ-CE approach was applied to AFP and HSP90, where enrichment factors of >10-fold were achieved with just 1 min of preconcentration. Overall, the process was simple and rapid, providing a useful tool for improving detection in microscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela N Nge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Jung S, Stoeckel D, Tallarek U. Fast, accurate, and convenient analysis of bed densities for columns packed with fine reversed-phase particles. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:800-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mishchuk NA. Concentration polarization of interface and non-linear electrokinetic phenomena. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 160:16-39. [PMID: 20810097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Revised: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The review addresses the peculiarities of concentration polarization caused by an electric current passing through conducting and around nonconducting charged materials. The conditions of emergence of an induced space charge of large density and thickness behind an electrical double layer, leading to strong non-linearity of electroosmosis and electrophoresis, are analyzed. Basic findings about concentration polarization, its theoretical modeling and experimental investigations, as well as its influence on electrokinetic phenomena and mass transfer through ion-exchange materials are discussed from the point of view of the fundamental knowledge about polarization processes and from the perspective of their practical application. The analysis focuses on the main properties of concentration polarization, electroosmotic flow of liquid around single fixed particles and through the system of particles, and electrophoresis of particles suspended in aqueous medium and current through flat, spherical and cylindrical interfaces and membranes with heterogeneous conductivity. The paper also presents the general ideas of concentration polarization and non-linear electrokinetic phenomena in case of nonconducting particles and their dependence on particle surface electroconductivity. Existing theoretical models describing polarization of nonconducting particles at high and low Peclet numbers are analyzed, with appropriate experimental data being provided to validate the theory. A joint analysis of polarization of conducting and nonconducting particles completes the review.
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Hlushkou D, Bruns S, Höltzel A, Tallarek U. From Pore Scale to Column Scale Dispersion in Capillary Silica Monoliths. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7150-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Hlushkou
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Höltzel
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Hlushkou D, Bruns S, Tallarek U. High-performance computing of flow and transport in physically reconstructed silica monoliths. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3674-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Yuan W, Zhao YP, Zhang Q, Sun Y. Protein adsorption-dependent electro-kinetic pore flow: Modeling of ion-exchange electrochromatography with an oscillatory transverse electric field. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:944-51. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nischang I, Höltzel A, Tallarek U. Electrochromatographic retention of peptides on strong cation-exchange stationary phases. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:933-43. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nischang I, Tallarek U. Inherent peak compression of charged analytes in electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 32:3157-68. [PMID: 19746396 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work resolves peak compression of charged analytes in CEC with strong cation-exchange stationary phase particles. By combining electrochromatographic peak shape analysis with the results of numerical simulations and confocal laser scanning microscopy in the packed capillaries, we identify electrical field-induced concentration polarization as the key physical phenomenon responsible for the inherent existence of local electrical field gradients on the scale of an individual support particle. Consequently, positive and negative field gradients exist between and inside the particles along the whole packing. Their intensity depends on the particles cation-selectivity (governed by the particles volume charge density and the mobile phase ionic strength) and the applied field strength. The interplay of these local field gradients with the analytes retention (intraparticle adsorption) determines whether fronting, tailing, or spiked analyte peaks are observed, and it provides a mechanism by which strongly retained analytes can be eluted over long distances with little zone dispersion. Our analysis explains the "anomalous" peak compression effects with strong cation-exchange particles, which have been reported more than a decade ago (Smith, N. W., Evans, M. B., Chromatographia 1995, 41, 197-203) and since then remained largely unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Nischang
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Zangle TA, Mani A, Santiago JG. Theory and experiments of concentration polarization and ion focusing at microchannel and nanochannel interfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:1014-35. [DOI: 10.1039/b902074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Eghbali H, Verdoold V, Vankeerberghen L, Gardeniers H, Desmet G. Experimental Investigation of the Band Broadening Arising from Short-Range Interchannel Heterogeneities in Chromatographic Beds under the Condition of Identical External Porosity. Anal Chem 2008; 81:705-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802124p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eghbali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Verdoold
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Lieselot Vankeerberghen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Deconvolution of electrokinetic and chromatographic contributions to solute migration in stereoselective ion-exchange capillary electrochromatography on monolithic silica capillary columns. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3065-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nischang I, Höltzel A, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Tallarek U. Concentration polarization and nonequilibrium electroosmotic slip in hierarchical monolithic structures. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1140-51. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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